SAMPLE PROBLEMS - TORSION

GIVEN:

bw ≔ 350 mm h ≔ 500 mm t ≔ 150 mm ds ≔ 12 mm cc ≔ 40 mm

SOLUTION:

a. Effective flange width, b

b ≔ bw + 4 t = 950 mm

b ≔ bw + ((h - t)) = 700 mm

Use b ≔ 700 mm Ans

b. Area enclosed by the outside perimeter, Acp

Acp ≔ ((500 mm ⋅ 350 mm)) + ((150 mm ⋅ 350 mm))

2
Acp = 227500 mm Ans

c. Outside perimeter of the concrete section, Pcp

Pcp ≔ 700 mm + 150 mm + 350 mm + 350 mm + 350 mm + 500 mm

Pcp = 2400 mm Ans

d. 85% area enclosed by centerline of the outermost closed
transverse torsional reinforcements, Ao

x1 ≔ bw - 2 cc - ds
x1 = 258 mm

y1 ≔ h - 2 cc - ds
y1 = 408 mm

Aoh ≔ x1 ⋅ y1
2
Aoh = 105264 mm

Ao ≔ 0.85 ⋅ Aoh
2
Ao = 89474.4 mm Ans

e. Perimeter enclosed by the centerline of the outermost closed

transverse torsional reinforcements, Ph

Ph ≔ 2 ⎛⎝x1 + y1⎞⎠

Ph = 1332 mm Ans
GIVEN:

2
Tu ≔ 30 kN ⋅ m cc ≔ 40 mm As ≔ 2050 mm fy ≔ 420 MPa

Vu ≔ 190 kN ds ≔ 12 mm fc' ≔ 28 MPa fyt ≔ 420 MPa

vc ≔ 0.882 MPa
ϕ ≔ 0.75 db ≔ 25 mm b ≔ 350 mm h ≔ 650 mm

SOLUTION:

2
Acp ≔ b ⋅ h = 227500 mm

Pcp ≔ 2 ((b + h)) = 2000 mm

x1 ≔ b - 2 cc - ds = 258 mm

y1 ≔ h - 2 cc - ds = 558 mm

2
Aoh ≔ x1 ⋅ y1 = 143964 mm

2
Ao ≔ 0.85 Aoh = 122369.4 mm

Ph ≔ 2 ⎛⎝x1 + y1⎞⎠ = 1632 mm

a. Check if torsion can be neglected

2
1 Acp
Tumin ≔ ϕ ⋅ ― ‾‾‾‾
_ ⋅ fc' ――
12 Pcp

Tumin = 8.558 kN ⋅ m < Tu Consider torsion!

 Tumin = 8.558 kN ⋅ m

b. Transverse torsional reinforcement

Avtotal Av 2 At
――＝ ―+ ――
s s s

π 2 2
Avtotal ≔ ―⋅ ds ⋅ 2 = 226.195 mm
4
db
d ≔ h - cc - ds - ―= 585.5 mm
2
Vc ≔ vc b ⋅ d = 180.744 kN

Vu
Vs ≔ ― - Vc = 72.589 kN
ϕ

Av ⋅ fyt ⋅ d
s ≔ ―――
Vs
2
Vs mm
Avls ≔ ――= 0.295 ――
fyt ⋅ d mm

Tu
Tn ≔ ― = 40 kN ⋅ m
ϕ
2
Tn mm
Atls ≔ ――― = 0.389 ――
2 Ao ⋅ fyt mm

Avtotal Av 2 At
――＝ ―+ ――
s s s

Avtotal
s ≔ ――――= 210.713 mm
Avls + 2 Atls

Ph
smax ≔ ―= 204 mm
8
Use s ≔ 200 mm Ans

c. Longitudinal torsional reinforcement

fyt
Al ≔ Atls ⋅ Ph ⋅ ―
fy
2
Al = 635.079 mm
 0.42 ‾‾‾‾
_ ⋅ fc' fyt
Almin ≔ ――――⋅ Acp - Atls ⋅ Ph ⋅ ―
fy fy
2
Almin = 568.737 mm

2
use Al ≔ 635.079 mm
Al 2
topbar ≔ ―= 211.693 mm
3
use D12,
2
π 2
As1 ≔ ―⋅ ((12 mm)) = 113.097 mm
4
topbar
N1 ≔ ――― = 1.872 say N1 ＝ 2 - D12
As1

Al 2
midheightbar ≔ ―= 211.693 mm
3
use 2 - D12

Al 2
bottombar ≔ As + ―= 2261.693 mm
3
using D25
2
π 2
As3 ≔ ―⋅ ((25 mm)) = 490.874 mm
4

bottombar
N3 ≔ ―――― = 4.607 say N3 ＝ 5 - D25
As3

2 D12

2 D12

5 D25