Grade 11 Mechanics Worksheet 7 (Topic 2) 2021-2022

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6. A battery toy car of mass 0.250 kg is made to move up an inclined plane which makes an angle of 300

with the horizontal.The car starts from rest and its motor provides a constant acceleration of 4.0 ms -2 for

5.0 s.The motor is then turned off.

(a) Find the distance travelled in the first 5 s

(b)Find the furthest the car gets on the inclined plane

(c) When does the car return to the starting point?

(d)What is the average power developed by the car’s motor?

(e) What is the maximum power developed by the motor?

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7. A bus is travelling at a constant speed of 6.2 m s–1 along a section of road that is inclined at an angle of
6.0° to the horizontal.

(a) (i) The bus is represented by the black dot shown below. Draw a labelled sketch to represent the forces
acting on the bus.

(ii) State the value of the rate of change of momentum of the bus.

(b) The total output power of the engine of the bus is 70 kW and the efficiency of the engine is 35 %.
Calculate the input power to the engine.

(c) The mass of the bus is 8.5 × 103 kg. Determine the rate of increase of gravitational potential energy of
the bus.

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(d) Using your answer to (c) and the data in (b), estimate the magnitude of the resistive forces acting on the
bus.

(e) The engine of the bus suddenly stops working.

(i) Determine the magnitude of the net force opposing the motion of the bus at the instant at which the engine stops.

(ii) Discuss, with reference to the air resistance, the change in the net force as the bus slows down.

8. (a)In his Principia Mathematica Newton expressed his third law of motion as “to every action there is always
opposed an equal reaction”. State what Newton meant by this law.

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(b) A book is released from rest and falls towards the surface of Earth. Discuss how the conservation
of momentum applies to the Earth-book system.

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(3)

(c) A large swinging ball is used to drive a horizontal iron spike into a vertical wall. The centre of the
ball falls through a vertical height of 1.6 m before striking the spike in the position shown.

The mass of the ball is 3.5 kg and the mass of the spike is 0.80 kg. Immediately after striking the
spike, the ball and spike move together. Show that the

(i) speed of the ball on striking the spike is 5.6 m s–1.

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(ii) energy dissipated as a result of the collision is about 10 J.

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(d) As a result of the ball striking the spike, the spike is driven a distance 7.3 × 10–2 m into the wall.
Calculate, assuming it to be constant, the friction force F between the spike and wall.

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(3)

(e) The machine that is used to raise the ball has a useful power output of 18 W. Calculate how long it
takes for the machine to raise the ball through a height of 1.6 m.

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9. (a) State the principle of conservation of momentum.

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(2)

(b) In an experiment, an air-rifle pellet is fired into a block of modelling clay that rests on a table.

(not to scale)

The air-rifle pellet remains inside the clay block after the impact.

As a result of the collision, the clay block slides along the table in a straight line and comes to rest.
Further data relating to the experiment are given below.

Mass of air-rifle pellet = 2.0 g

Mass of clay block = 56 g
Velocity of impact of air-rifle pellet = 140 m s–1
Stopping distance of clay block = 2.8 m

(i) Show that the initial speed of the clay block after the air-rifle pellet strikes it is
4.8 m s–1.

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(ii) Calculate the average frictional force that the surface of the table exerts on the clay block
whilst the clay block is moving.

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(c) Discuss the energy transformations that occur in the clay block and the air-rifle pellet from the
moment the air-rifle pellet strikes the block until the clay block comes to rest.

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(d) The clay block is dropped from rest from the edge of the table and falls vertically to the ground.
The table is 0.85 m above the ground. Calculate the speed with which the clay block strikes the
ground.

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(2)

10. An astronaut in outer space is holding a hammer and drifting at constant velocity. The astronaut throws the
hammer in the opposite direction to that in which she is drifting. What change, if any, occurs in the total kinetic
energy and the total momentum of the astronaut and hammer?

Total kinetic energy Total momentum

A. unchanged increased
B. unchanged unchanged
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C. increased increased
D. increased unchanged

11. A body at rest of mass M explodes into pieces of masses M/4 and 3M/4.Calculate the ratio of the kinetic
energies of the two fragments.

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