Introduction to Communication Systems-adv

Q. 1 Which of the following is a primary function of communication systems?

a) Data calculation
b) Signal transmission
c) Energy conservation
d) Signal storage

Answer: b) Signal transmission

The process of changing some characteristic of a carrier wave in accordance with

Q. 2
the intensity of the signal is called:
a) Modulation
b) Amplification
c) Reflection
d) Resonance

Answer: a) Modulation

Q. 3 Which modulation technique varies the frequency of the carrier wave?

a) AM
b) PM
c) FM
d) QM

Answer: c) FM

Q. 4 Which of these is a type of digital modulation?

a) Phase Shift Keying
b) Frequency Modulation
c) Amplitude Modulation
d) Peak Modulation

Answer: a) Phase Shift Keying

Q. 5 Which device is used to convert digital signals to analog signals?

a) Modem
b) Router
c) Switch
d) Repeater

Answer: a) Modem
Q. 6 Which of the following defines the capacity of a communication channel?
a) Bit rate
b) Bandwidth
c) Frequency range
d) Gain

Answer: b) Bandwidth

Q. 7 The Shannon-Hartley theorem relates:

a) Bandwidth to bit rate
b) Noise to signal power
c) Bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio to capacity
d) Frequency to amplitude

Answer: c) Bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio to capacity

Q. 8 In which communication medium is total internal reflection used?

a) Twisted pair
b) Coaxial cable
c) Optical fiber
d) Air

Answer: c) Optical fiber

Q. 9 GSM stands for:

a) Global System for Modulation
b) General Satellite Module
c) Global Satellite Modem
d) Global System for Mobile communication

Answer: d) Global System for Mobile communication

Q. 10 Which frequency range does VHF correspond to?

a) 30 MHz to 300 MHz
b) 300 MHz to 3 GHz
c) 3 GHz to 30 GHz
d) 30 GHz to 300 GHz

Answer: a) 30 MHz to 300 MHz

Q. 11 AM stands for:
a) Angle Modulation
b) Amplitude Modulation
c) Average Modulation
d) Active Modulation
 Answer: b) Amplitude Modulation

Q. 12 Which of the following is a type of line coding?

a) PSK
b) FSK
c) NRZ
d) QAM

Answer: c) NRZ

Q. 13 In telecommunication, a full-duplex system:

a) Cannot transmit and receive simultaneously
b) Can transmit or receive but not both
c) Can transmit and receive simultaneously
d) Can neither transmit nor receive

Answer: c) Can transmit and receive simultaneously

Which of the following techniques is used to minimize errors in data

Q. 14
transmission?
a) Compression
b) Modulation
c) Error detection and correction
d) Data logging

Answer: c) Error detection and correction

Q. 15 Coaxial cables are primarily used in:

a) Power transmission
b) Network cabling
c) Mobile communication
d) Optical communication

Answer: b) Network cabling

Q. 16 Which of the following best describes the Nyquist rate?

a) Twice the bandwidth of a signal
b) Half the bandwidth of a signal
c) Equal to the bandwidth of a signal
d) None of the above

Answer: a) Twice the bandwidth of a signal

Q. 17 Which of the following is a function of a satellite in communication systems?

a) Data storage
b) Data processing
 c) Signal relay
d) Signal generation

Answer: c) Signal relay

The measure of the amount of information that can be sent through a given
Q. 18
communication medium is known as:
a) Bandwidth
b) Frequency
c) Data rate
d) Capacity

Answer: d) Capacity

Q. 19 ISDN stands for:

a) International Standard Digital Network
b) Integrated Services Digital Network
c) Internal Signal Digital Node
d) International Services Data Network

Answer: b) Integrated Services Digital Network

Q. 20 Which of the following is NOT an analog signal?

a) Human voice in air
b) Light intensity in a picture
c) Voltage of a battery
d) Digital clock display

Answer: d) Digital clock display

Q. 21 The loss of signal strength during transmission is termed as:

a) Noise
b) Error
c) Attenuation
d) Dispersion

Answer: c) Attenuation

Q. 22 Which among the following is a spread spectrum technique?

a) PCM
b) AM
c) CDMA
d) BPSK

Answer: c) CDMA
Q. 23 In communication systems, noise is typically unwanted because it:
a) Increases the signal strength
b) Enhances the quality of the transmission
c) Degrades the quality of the transmission
d) Helps in modulation

Answer: c) Degrades the quality of the transmission

Q. 24 The term “baud” is a measure of:

a) Signal speed
b) Signal amplitude
c) Symbol rate
d) Bit rate

Answer: c) Symbol rate

Q. 25 Which type of transmission uses light as the carrier?

a) Radio
b) Microwave
c) Optical
d) Satellite

Answer: c) Optical

Q. 26 What type of propagation is used by shortwave broadcast services?

a) Ground wave
b) Skywave
c) Line of sight
d) Satellite

Answer: b) Skywave

Q. 27 Bluetooth technology is an example of:

a) Personal area network
b) Wide area network
c) Local area network
d) Metropolitan area network

Answer: a) Personal area network

In the OSI model, which layer ensures end-to-end communication, sequencing,

Q. 28
and error correction?
a) Presentation
b) Transport
c) Session
d) Network
 Answer: b) Transport

Q. 29 In an AM waveform, the information is contained in the:

a) Frequency
b) Phase
c) Amplitude
d) Wavelength

Answer: c) Amplitude

Q. 30 In a communication system, the medium of transmission can be:

a) A physical wire
b) Free space
c) Optical fiber
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Q. 31 What is the primary use of a repeater in communication systems?

a) Modulation
b) Compression
c) Amplification
d) Encryption

Answer: c) Amplification

Q. 32 Which communication medium has the highest data carrying capacity?

a) Twisted pair cable
b) Coaxial cable
c) Optical fiber
d) Satellite link

Answer: c) Optical fiber

Q. 33 A bit is:
a) A group of 8 bytes
b) A binary digit
c) A group of 1024 bytes
d) A type of modulation

Answer: b) A binary digit

Q. 34 Which device helps in connecting two or more networks?

a) Bridge
b) Modem
 c) Router
d) Repeater

Answer: c) Router

Q. 35 How does modulation help in communication systems?

a) Increases the frequency of the signal
b) Allows the signal to be transmitted over longer distances
c) Compresses the signal data
d) Increases the volume of the signal

Answer: b) Allows the signal to be transmitted over longer distances

Q. 36 Why is Frequency Modulation (FM) preferred for broadcasting music?

a) It has higher frequency
b) It is resistant to amplitude noise
c) It consumes less bandwidth
d) It is simpler to implement

Answer: b) It is resistant to amplitude noise

Q. 37 What role does an antenna play in the transmission of signals?

a) Conversion of electrical signals to electromagnetic waves
b) Modulating the signals
c) Encoding the message into signals
d) Filtering out noise from signals

Answer: a) Conversion of electrical signals to electromagnetic waves

Q. 38 How do optical fibers achieve high data rates?

a) They use high-frequency radio waves
b) They utilize the speed of light
c) They prevent any kind of signal loss
d) They use thick metal wires

Answer: b) They utilize the speed of light

Q. 39 Why is digital communication preferred over analog in many modern systems?

a) Digital signals are always faster
b) Analog signals are more secure
c) Digital signals can be easily processed and are more resistant to noise
d) Digital systems are always cheaper

Answer: c) Digital signals can be easily processed and are more resistant to noise

Q. 40 What is the primary purpose of a communication satellite?

 a) To generate signals for transmission
b) To serve as a relay station in the sky
c) To amplify ground signals for space exploration
d) To modulate signals before transmission

Answer: b) To serve as a relay station in the sky

Q. 41 How does Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) help in communication systems?

a) By increasing signal amplitude
b) By converting analog signals to a series of digital values
c) By filtering out noise
d) By compressing data for faster transmission

Answer: b) By converting analog signals to a series of digital values

Q. 42 Why are error-correcting codes important in digital communication systems?

a) They boost the signal power
b) They modulate the signal for transmission
c) They detect and correct errors introduced during transmission
d) They reduce the bandwidth of the signal

Answer: c) They detect and correct errors introduced during transmission

Q. 43 What advantage does Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) offer?

a) It compresses multiple signals for transmission
b) It allows multiple signals to share a common channel by allocating different
time slots
c) It amplifies signals for long-distance transmission
d) It converts digital signals to analog form

Answer: b) It allows multiple signals to share a common channel by allocating

different time slots

Q. 44 How do communication systems benefit from using spread spectrum techniques?

a) It enhances the audio quality of the signal
b) It increases the transmission speed
c) It provides resistance to interference and eavesdropping
d) It decreases the frequency of the signal

Answer: c) It provides resistance to interference and eavesdropping

Q. 45 Why is the Nyquist theorem essential for sampling signals?

a) It determines the color of the signal
b) It defines the maximum frequency of a signal
c) It specifies the minimum sampling rate to avoid information loss
d) It determines the phase of the signal
 Answer: c) It specifies the minimum sampling rate to avoid information loss

Q. 46 In what way does modulation help in handling a wider range of frequencies?

a) By compressing the frequency spectrum
b) By converting low-frequency signals to higher frequency bands suitable for
transmission
c) By amplifying the lower frequencies
d) By filtering out unnecessary frequencies

Answer: b) By converting low-frequency signals to higher frequency bands

suitable for transmission
Why are repeaters used in communication systems?
Q. 47 a) To decode encrypted messages
b) To prevent signal modulation
c) To regenerate and amplify signals, combating attenuation
d) To convert analog signals to digital

Answer: c) To regenerate and amplify signals, combating attenuation

How does a full-duplex system enhance communication?

Q. 48 a) It doubles the frequency range
b) It allows transmission in only one direction at a time
c) It enables simultaneous two-way communication
d) It prevents the use of error-correcting codes

Answer: c) It enables simultaneous two-way communication

Why is bandwidth a critical parameter in communication systems?

Q. 49 a) It determines the color of the transmitted signal
b) It indicates the age of the system
c) It denotes the range of frequencies a system can handle, affecting data rate
d) It reflects the voltage level of signals

Answer: c) It denotes the range of frequencies a system can handle, affecting

data rate

In the context of communication, what does a “carrier” refer to?

Q. 50 a) A person delivering messages
b) A wave used to transport the signal from sender to receiver
c) The highest frequency in a signal
d) The device used for modulation

Answer: b) A wave used to transport the signal from sender to receiver

How do MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems improve data rates?
Q. 51 a) By using multiple frequencies for a single signal
b) By using multiple antennas to send and receive more data simultaneously
c) By amplifying the signal power multiple times
d) By dividing the message into multiple parts and sending them sequentially

Answer: b) By using multiple antennas to send and receive more data

simultaneously

What advantage does a digital signal offer in terms of adaptability with modern
technology?
Q. 52 a) Digital signals can only be used with optical fibers
b) Digital signals integrate well with computer systems and software applications
c) Digital signals are always stronger than analog signals
d) Digital signals require more bandwidth than analog signals

Answer: b) Digital signals integrate well with computer systems and software
applications

Why are communication channels subjected to multipath propagation

challenging?
Q. 53 a) They increase the signal speed
b) They only allow high-frequency signals
c) They lead to the reception of multiple delayed versions of the transmitted
signal
d) They always enhance signal clarity

Answer: c) They lead to the reception of multiple delayed versions of the

transmitted signal

How does channel coding improve communication system performance?

Q. 54 a) By reducing the bandwidth of the signal
b) By allowing multiple users to share the same channel
c) By adding redundancy to the signal, enabling error detection and correction
d) By converting digital signals to analog

Answer: c) By adding redundancy to the signal, enabling error detection and

correction

Why is synchronization crucial in digital communication systems?

Q. 55 a) To ensure both sender and receiver operate at different clocks
b) To ensure accurate alignment of data bits at the receiver’s end
c) To enhance the modulation technique
d) To amplify the received signal

Answer: b) To ensure accurate alignment of data bits at the receiver’s end

 How does Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) improve the data rate?
Q. 56 a) By varying both amplitude and phase of the carrier wave
b) By reducing the bandwidth requirement
c) By transmitting data in a sequential manner
d) By amplifying the signal to a higher power level

Answer: a) By varying both amplitude and phase of the carrier wave

Why is white noise often considered in communication system analysis?

Q. 57 a) It is a type of signal modulation
b) It is the noise resulting from cosmic sources
c) It has a constant power spectral density and affects all frequencies equally
d) It results from overheating of devices

Answer: c) It has a constant power spectral density and affects all frequencies
equally

In which scenario is Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation best suited?

Q. 58 a) When the channel is highly noisy
b) For long-distance terrestrial communication
c) For optical communication systems like fiber optics
d) For underwater communication

Answer: c) For optical communication systems like fiber optics

How does Shannon’s theorem define the maximum data rate of a channel?
Q. 59 a) It considers only the bandwidth of the channel
b) It depends on the modulation technique used
c) It relates the channel’s bandwidth and the signal-to-noise ratio
d) It considers the power of the transmitter only

Answer: c) It relates the channel’s bandwidth and the signal-to-noise ratio

Why do we use different layers in the OSI model for communication systems?
Q. 60 a) To complicate the communication process
b) To ensure that each layer handles a specific subset of the communication task,
ensuring modularity and ease of design
c) To increase transmission speed
d) To reduce the signal-to-noise ratio

Answer: b) To ensure that each layer handles a specific subset of the

communication task, ensuring modularity and ease of design

How does a phase-locked loop aid in digital communication?

Q. 61 a) By compressing the data
b) By synchronizing the receiver’s oscillator with the incoming signal’s phase
 c) By acting as a frequency divider
d) By converting analog signals to digital

Answer: b) By synchronizing the receiver’s oscillator with the incoming signal’s

phase

Why are forward error correction techniques beneficial for deep-space

communication?
Q. 62 a) They increase the power of the transmitted signal
b) They allow errors to be corrected without needing retransmission
c) They reduce the bandwidth of the signal
d) They help in signal modulation for space transmission

Answer: b) They allow errors to be corrected without needing retransmission

In the context of cellular communication, why is frequency reuse important?

Q. 63 a) It allows the same frequency to be used for all cell towers
b) It reduces the power requirements for each tower
c) It maximizes the use of available bandwidth by allowing the same frequencies
to be reused in different areas
d) It ensures synchronization between different towers

Answer: c) It maximizes the use of available bandwidth by allowing the same

frequencies to be reused in different areas

Why is Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) unique compared to other

access methods?
a) It assigns a unique code to each user, allowing multiple users to share the same
Q. 64
frequency simultaneously
b) It divides the frequency band into multiple narrower bands
c) It allows only one user to transmit at a time
d) It is limited to terrestrial communication systems only

Answer: a) It assigns a unique code to each user, allowing multiple users to share
the same frequency simultaneously

In terms of communication, how is ‘latency’ best described?

Q. 65 a) The bandwidth of the system
b) The power of the transmitted signal
c) The time it takes for a bit of data to travel from the source to its destination
d) The speed at which data is transmitted

Answer: c) The time it takes for a bit of data to travel from the source to its
destination
 How does beamforming in wireless communication systems enhance signal
quality?
Q. 66 a) By dispersing the signal in all directions
b) By directing the radio waves in a beam towards a specific location
c) By amplifying all incoming signals irrespective of direction
d) By converting analog signals to digital format

Answer: b) By directing the radio waves in a beam towards a specific location

Why is polarization used in antennas?

Q. 67 a) To increase the power of the transmitted signal
b) To align the orientation of the electric field of the transmitted wave for
optimal reception
c) To modulate the transmitted signal
d) To increase the bandwidth of the system

Answer: b) To align the orientation of the electric field of the transmitted wave
for optimal reception

In which layer of the OSI model does encryption and decryption of data typically
take place?
Q. 68 a) Data link layer
b) Transport layer
c) Session layer
d) Presentation layer

Answer: d) Presentation layer

How does modulation help in communication systems?

Which of the following represents the primary purpose of modulation in

Q. 69
communication systems?
a) Encode messages
b) Increase signal strength
c) Convert baseband signals to a frequency suitable for transmission
d) Filter out unwanted signals

Answer: c) Convert baseband signals to a frequency suitable for transmission

The Shannon-Hartley theorem relates which two primary factors to determine

Q. 70
channel capacity?
a) Modulation and Bandwidth
b) Signal Strength and Frequency
c) Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Bandwidth
d) Frequency and Modulation

Answer: c) Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Bandwidth

 What role does an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) play in a communication
Q. 71
system?
a) Increases signal strength
b) Modulates the signal
c) Converts analog signals to digital form
d) Filters noise from the analog signal

Answer: c) Converts analog signals to digital form

In which of the following communication channels would Total Internal

Q. 72
Reflection be a key principle?
a) Satellite communication
b) Radio broadcast
c) Optical fiber transmission
d) Microwave transmission

Answer: c) Optical fiber transmission

Q. 73 Which modulation technique uses a constant amplitude carrier wave?

a) Amplitude Modulation (AM)
b) Frequency Modulation (FM)
c) Phase Modulation (PM)
d) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

Answer: b) Frequency Modulation (FM)

Which type of multiplexing is used in modern telecommunication systems to

Q. 74
transmit multiple calls over a single physical circuit?
a) Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
b) Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
c) Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)
d) Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Answer: a) Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Which of the following best describes the concept of “bandwidth” in

Q. 75
communication systems?
a) The range of frequencies used for transmission
b) The strength of the transmitted signal
c) The modulation technique used
d) The type of data being transmitted

Answer: a) The range of frequencies used for transmission

 The process of dividing a message into smaller parts and transmitting each part
Q. 76
by a separate route is called:
a) Modulation
b) Demodulation
c) Multiplexing
d) Packet switching

Answer: d) Packet switching

Q. 77 Antenna gain primarily measures:

a) The physical size of the antenna
b) The efficiency of an antenna in its directionality
c) The modulation capability of the antenna
d) The resistance of the antenna to interference

Answer: b) The efficiency of an antenna in its directionality

In communication systems, what is the primary purpose of using error-correcting

Q. 78
codes?
a) Increase transmission speed
b) Modulate the signal
c) Detect and rectify transmission errors
d) Convert digital signals to analog

Answer: c) Detect and rectify transmission errors

Which of the following is a primary concern of the physical layer in the OSI
Q. 79
model?
a) Routing of data
b) End-to-end data transport
c) Signal transmission and reception
d) Session management

Answer: c) Signal transmission and reception

Q. 80 A constellation diagram is typically associated with which of the following?

a) Amplitude Modulation
b) Time Division Multiplexing
c) Phase Shift Keying
d) Pulse Code Modulation

Answer: c) Phase Shift Keying

Q. 81 The main advantage of digital signals over analog signals is:

a) Higher frequency range
b) Larger amplitude
 c) Greater resistance to noise and interference
d) Faster transmission speed

Answer: c) Greater resistance to noise and interference

Which term describes the unwanted addition of signals from two or more
Q. 82
sources?
a) Interference
b) Noise
c) Attenuation
d) Reflection

Answer: a) Interference

Q. 83 In the context of wireless communication, MIMO stands for:

a) Modulation In Multiple Outputs
b) Multiple Input Multiple Oscillation
c) Modulated Input Modulated Output
d) Multiple Input Multiple Output

Answer: d) Multiple Input Multiple Output

Which technology allows multiple users to share the same frequency band
Q. 84
without interference?
a) TDM
b) FDM
c) CDMA
d) GSM

Answer: c) CDMA

Q. 85 The term “Baud rate” specifically refers to:

a) The speed of data transfer
b) The number of bits transmitted per second
c) The number of signal changes (symbols) per second
d) The bandwidth of the transmission channel

Answer: c) The number of signal changes (symbols) per second

Which of the following factors can cause attenuation in a signal transmitted

Q. 86
through a cable?
a) Length of the cable
b) Signal frequency
c) Cable material
d) All of the above
 Answer: d) All of the above

Q. 87 Spread spectrum techniques are primarily used to:

a) Increase signal bandwidth
b) Minimize interference
c) Enhance signal modulation
d) Improve signal amplification

Answer: b) Minimize interference

Q. 88 The Nyquist theorem states that:

a) A signal can be completely reconstructed if it is sampled at twice the highest
frequency component
b) All signals require equal bandwidth for transmission
c) Digital signals cannot be regenerated
d) Signal frequency and bandwidth are inversely related

Answer: a) A signal can be completely reconstructed if it is sampled at twice the

highest frequency component

Q. 89 Which modulation technique is most resilient to noise and interference?

a) Amplitude Modulation
b) Frequency Modulation
c) Phase Modulation
d) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Answer: b) Frequency Modulation

Q. 90 In an optical fiber, the core’s function is to:

a) Reflect light
b) Absorb light
c) Transmit light
d) Disperse light

Answer: c) Transmit light

Q. 91 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is beneficial because:

a) It reduces the need for high power
b) It is resistant to frequency-selective fading
c) It uses amplitude modulation
d) It requires a higher bandwidth

Answer: b) It is resistant to frequency-selective fading

Q. 92 A major advantage of satellite communication is:

a) Low setup cost
 b) Immunity to terrestrial obstacles
c) High-frequency stability
d) Low latency

Answer: b) Immunity to terrestrial obstacles

Q. 93 The major benefit of using a repeater in communication systems is to:

a) Modulate the signal
b) Amplify and regenerate the signal
c) Convert analog signals to digital
d) Split the signal into multiple frequencies

Answer: b) Amplify and regenerate the signal

Q. 94 The bit error rate is a measure of:

a) Transmission speed
b) The frequency of a signal
c) The rate at which errors occur in a transmitted signal
d) The modulation rate of a signal

Answer: c) The rate at which errors occur in a transmitted signal

Which of the following refers to the range of frequencies over which an

Q. 95
equipment operates?
a) Resonance
b) Amplitude
c) Bandwidth
d) Gain

Answer: c) Bandwidth

Q. 96 Which of the following is a key feature of 5G technology?

a) Reduced latency
b) Lower frequency
c) Narrow bandwidth
d) Single input and output antenna

Answer: a) Reduced latency

Q. 97 “Duplexing” in communication systems refers to:

a) Double the signal strength
b) Using dual frequencies
c) The ability to transmit and receive simultaneously
d) The compression of a signal

Answer: c) The ability to transmit and receive simultaneously

Q. 98 In a digital communication system, PCM stands for:
a) Phase Communication Modulation
b) Pulse Code Modulation
c) Pulse Compression Method
d) Phase Code Method

Answer: b) Pulse Code Modulation

Q. 99 An essential function of the “modem” is to:

a) Increase internet speed
b) Modulate and demodulate signals
c) Filter out internet traffic
d) Convert optical signals to electrical

Answer: b) Modulate and demodulate signals

Q. 100 In a cellular network, what is the primary function of the “handover” process?
a) Assign new frequencies
b) Switch off the mobile device
c) Transfer a mobile device’s connection from one base station to another
d) Modulate the mobile signal

Answer: c) Transfer a mobile device’s connection from one base station to

another

Q. 101 The term “IoT” in communication systems refers to:

a) Internet of Techniques
b) Interconnected Optical Transmissions
c) Internet of Things
d) Integration of Transmissions

Answer: c) Internet of Things

Which of the following factors primarily determines the coverage area of a

Q. 102
cellular tower?
a) Modulation technique used
b) The frequency of the signal
c) The height and power of the antenna
d) The number of users connected

Answer: c) The height and power of the antenna

Q. 103 Which of the following is a linear modulation technique?

a) Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
b) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
 c) Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Q. 104 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) can be best described as:

a) A combination of ASK and FSK
b) A combination of ASK and PSK
c) A combination of FSK and PSK
d) Neither of the above

Answer: b) A combination of ASK and PSK

In Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), how many phase shifts represent the two
Q. 105
binary states?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 8

Answer: b) 2

Q. 106 Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) is different from BPSK because:
a) It uses amplitude changes
b) It uses frequency changes
c) It uses phase differences between consecutive symbols
d) It uses higher bandwidth

Answer: c) It uses phase differences between consecutive symbols

Q. 107 Non-linear modulation techniques are often employed due to their:

a) Simplicity
b) Robustness against noise
c) Energy efficiency
d) Bandwidth efficiency

Answer: c) Energy efficiency

Q. 108 Which modulation scheme is non-coherent?

a) BPSK
b) DPSK
c) ASK
d) QAM

Answer: b) DPSK
Q. 109 Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using QAM?
a) Higher data rate
b) Reduced bandwidth
c) Robust against noise
d) Easier to implement

Answer: d) Easier to implement

Which modulation technique provides better bandwidth efficiency for

Q. 110
transmitting more bits per symbol?
a) BPSK
b) QPSK
c) 16-QAM
d) ASK

Answer: c) 16-QAM

Q. 111 Why is Differential QPSK (DQPSK) often used in wireless systems?

a) For higher bandwidth efficiency
b) To avoid the need for a coherent reference
c) It requires lower power
d) It’s easier to implement than BPSK

Answer: b) To avoid the need for a coherent reference

The demodulation technique which requires a local oscillator signal at the

Q. 112
receiver is:
a) Non-coherent detection
b) Coherent detection
c) Differential detection
d) Frequency detection

Answer: b) Coherent detection

Q. 113 In the context of modulation, “coherent” typically refers to:

a) Consistency in frequency
b) Stability in amplitude
c) Matching phase references between transmitter and receiver
d) Independence from external interference

Answer: c) Matching phase references between transmitter and receiver

Q. 114 Which of the following demodulation techniques is best suited for ASK?
a) Coherent detection
b) Envelope detection
c) Differential detection
 d) Phase detection

Answer: b) Envelope detection

Q. 115 FSK is a non-linear modulation because:

a) It changes frequency based on data
b) It alters phase based on input
c) It’s dependent on amplitude changes
d) It remains constant in all aspects

Answer: a) It changes frequency based on data

The main advantage of MSK (Minimum Shift Keying) over other FSK
Q. 116
techniques is:
a) Reduced bandwidth
b) Increased data rate
c) Better noise immunity
d) Lower power requirements

Answer: a) Reduced bandwidth

Q. 117 In QAM, the phase and amplitude of the carrier are varied based on:
a) The input binary data
b) The frequency of the signal
c) The external noise
d) The amplitude of the signal

Answer: a) The input binary data

Q. 118 Non-linear modulation typically requires _____ at the receiver for demodulation.
a) High bandwidth
b) A phase reference
c) Lower power
d) Non-coherent techniques

Answer: d) Non-coherent techniques

Q. 119 The ability of a modulation scheme to convey multiple bits per symbol enhances:
a) Power efficiency
b) Bandwidth efficiency
c) Noise immunity
d) System simplicity

Answer: b) Bandwidth efficiency

Q. 120 A demodulator’s main function is to:

 a) Convert a digital signal to analog
b) Extract the original information from the modulated signal
c) Increase the amplitude of the signal
d) Change the phase of the signal

Answer: b) Extract the original information from the modulated signal

Q. 121 OQPSK stands for:

a) Orthogonal Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
b) Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
c) Optimal Quadrature Phase Signal Keying
d) Ordered Quadrature Phase System Keying

Answer: b) Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Q. 122 In GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying), the term “Gaussian” refers to:
a) The type of phase shifts used
b) The filter applied to the baseband signal
c) The amplitude of the carrier wave
d) The frequency distribution of the signal

Answer: b) The filter applied to the baseband signal

Q. 123 The primary benefit of using coherent demodulation techniques is:

a) Simplicity in design
b) Better noise immunity
c) Reduced bandwidth requirement
d) Lower power consumption

Answer: b) Better noise immunity

Which modulation scheme can effectively transmit over a non-linear channel

Q. 124
without much distortion?
a) PSK
b) ASK
c) FSK
d) QAM
Answer: c) FSK

Q. 125 Non-linear modulation techniques are more robust against:

a) Phase noise
b) Frequency distortion
c) Amplitude distortion
d) Gaussian noise
 Answer: c) Amplitude distortion

Q. 126 Constant Envelope Modulation implies:

a) Fixed frequency
b) Fixed phase
c) Fixed amplitude
d) Fixed bandwidth

Answer: c) Fixed amplitude

Which modulation technique is most suited for a channel with rapid phase
Q. 127
changes?
a) BPSK
b) DQPSK
c) ASK
d) 16-QAM

Answer: b) DQPSK

Q. 128 In digital communication, “modulation index” often refers to the:

a) Ratio of frequency deviation to data rate
b) Ratio of carrier frequency to data rate
c) Amplitude of the modulated signal
d) Phase change of the modulated signal

Answer: a) Ratio of frequency deviation to data rate

Which of the following modulation techniques is least affected by multipath

Q. 129
fading?
a) BPSK
b) FSK
c) QAM
d) ASK

Answer: b) FSK

Q. 130 The primary goal of modulation in digital communication is:

a) Amplifying the signal
b) Making the signal suitable for transmission
c) Reducing noise in the signal
d) Increasing the data rate

Answer: b) Making the signal suitable for transmission

Q. 131 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of QAM?

a) It’s a combination of two ASK signals
 b) It’s a combination of two PSK signals
c) It’s a non-linear modulation technique
d) It can convey multiple bits per symbol

Answer: c) It’s a non-linear modulation technique

Q. 132 The key advantage of DPSK over other phase modulation techniques is its:
a) Bandwidth efficiency
b) Power efficiency
c) Simplicity in design
d) Immunity to phase errors

Answer: d) Immunity to phase errors

For which of the following modulation techniques is the bandwidth efficiency

Q. 133
directly proportional to M, where M is the number of symbols?
a) QAM
b) BPSK
c) ASK
d) FSK

Answer: a) QAM

Q. 134 In digital modulation, a “symbol” represents:

a) A unit of frequency
b) A unit of amplitude
c) A unique pattern representing bits
d) A single bit of data

Answer: c) A unique pattern representing bits

Q. 135 Which demodulation technique is most suitable for FSK signals?

a) Coherent detection
b) Frequency discrimination
c) Phase detection
d) Envelope detection

Answer: b) Frequency discrimination

Q. 136 The main challenge with coherent demodulation is:

a) The need for a reference signal
b) Its complexity
c) Its bandwidth inefficiency
d) Its power inefficiency

Answer: a) The need for a reference signal

 You’re designing a system that requires a modulation scheme resilient to phase
Q. 137
noise. Which would you likely select?
a) BPSK
b) FSK
c) DPSK
d) ASK

Answer: c) DPSK

For a satellite communication system where power efficiency is a primary

Q. 138
concern, which modulation would be apt?
a) QAM
b) ASK
c) PSK
d) FSK

Answer: d) FSK

You’re working with a channel suffering from frequent amplitude variations.

Q. 139
Which modulation technique would offer the best resilience?
a) ASK
b) QPSK
c) 16-QAM
d) FSK

Answer: d) FSK

In a system where bandwidth is limited and you need to send more data without
Q. 140
using much more spectrum, you would likely use:
a) BPSK
b) ASK
c) 64-QAM
d) FSK

Answer: c) 64-QAM

When aiming for a balance between bandwidth efficiency and noise resilience in
Q. 141
a wireless communication system, you’d opt for:
a) BPSK
b) 16-QAM
c) DPSK
d) MSK

Answer: b) 16-QAM
 For a deep-space communication link which experiences significant time delays,
Q. 142 which modulation technique might be preferable because it doesn’t rely heavily
on phase reference?
a) BPSK
b) DPSK
c) QAM
d) ASK

Answer: b) DPSK

If you want to design a low-power IoT device communicating over short

Q. 143
distances, which modulation technique might you use?
a) QAM
b) MSK
c) ASK
d) BPSK

Answer: c) ASK

For a communication system that requires simultaneous transmission of voice

Q. 144
and data, which is a suitable scheme?
a) QPSK
b) FSK
c) GMSK
d) QAM

Answer: d) QAM

In an environment where rapid phase changes can occur, which modulation

Q. 145
scheme provides benefits due to its relative immunity to sudden phase changes?
a) BPSK
b) QPSK
c) DQPSK
d) 16-QAM

Answer: c) DQPSK

For a mobile communication system that values spectral efficiency, what

Q. 146
modulation could you employ?
a) ASK
b) BPSK
c) MSK
d) QAM

Answer: c) MSK
 When designing a modem for noisy telephone lines, which demodulation
Q. 147
technique would be effective in handling amplitude distortions?
a) Coherent detection
b) Non-coherent detection
c) Envelope detection
d) Differential detection

Answer: d) Differential detection

In a scenario where synchronization between transmitter and receiver is

Q. 148
challenging, which modulation technique would be suitable?
a) BPSK
b) QPSK
c) DPSK
d) ASK

Answer: c) DPSK

If you were tasked with developing a system to transmit data over a high-
Q. 149 frequency radio link, which of these modulation techniques would work well due
to its constant envelope property?
a) QAM
b) ASK
c) MSK
d) BPSK

Answer: c) MSK

To improve the data rate without significantly increasing the bandwidth in a

Q. 150
crowded spectrum, you would consider:
a) FSK
b) BPSK
c) 256-QAM
d) ASK

Answer: c) 256-QAM

When designing a communication system for an environment with significant

Q. 151 multi-path interference, which modulation technique would offer resilience
against such effects?
a) QAM
b) FSK
c) DQPSK
d) ASK

Answer: b) FSK
 For a digital TV broadcasting system that requires high data rates and operates in
Q. 152 a relatively noise-free environment, which modulation scheme would be
suitable?
a) BPSK
b) FSK
c) 64-QAM
d) DPSK

Answer: c) 64-QAM

In a scenario where it’s difficult to maintain amplitude consistency, which

Q. 153 demodulation method would be apt for recovering the original data from an ASK
signal?
a) Coherent detection
b) Differential detection
c) Envelope detection
d) Frequency discrimination

Answer: c) Envelope detection

When designing for a system like Bluetooth, which experiences rapid and
Q. 154 unpredictable movements, which modulation would be suitable due to its
tolerance to Doppler shifts?
a) ASK
b) FSK
c) QAM
d) BPSK

Answer: b) FSK

For a radio communication system operating in a high noise environment, you’d

Q. 155
prefer a modulation scheme that:
a) Maximizes bandwidth efficiency
b) Optimizes power efficiency
c) Allows for high data rates
d) Provides robustness against noise

Answer: d) Provides robustness against noise

When aiming to design a communication system that requires constant envelope

Q. 156 modulation to ensure power amplifier efficiency, which scheme would be
suitable?
a) QPSK
b) GMSK
c) 16-QAM
 d) ASK

Answer: b) GMSK

In a dense urban environment with many reflecting structures causing multipath

Q. 157 propagation, which modulation technique would offer an advantage due to its
resilience against multipath fading?
a) ASK
b) QAM
c) FSK
d) BPSK

Answer: c) FSK

You’re aiming to maximize the spectral efficiency in a cable modem system. The
Q. 158
most suitable modulation to achieve this would be:
a) BPSK
b) FSK
c) QAM
d) DPSK

Answer: c) QAM

In a spread spectrum communication system where spectral spreading is key,

Q. 159
which of the following would be an apt modulation choice?
a) ASK
b) BPSK
c) MSK
d) QAM

Answer: b) BPSK

For a system that demands high bandwidth efficiency and can tolerate a moderate
Q. 160
level of noise, which modulation would be optimal?
a) FSK
b) BPSK
c) 16-QAM
d) DPSK

Answer: c) 16-QAM

You’re designing a communication system for a rural area where there’s little to
Q. 161
no interference. Which modulation scheme would provide higher data rates?
a) FSK
b) ASK
c) 64-QAM
 d) BPSK

Answer: c) 64-QAM

In a tactical military communication scenario where security and resilience

Q. 162
against jamming are vital, which modulation might be preferable?
a) BPSK with spread spectrum
b) QAM
c) FSK
d) ASK

Answer: a) BPSK with spread spectrum

For an underwater communication system, where the signal is affected by both

Q. 163
noise and multi-path propagation, a robust modulation scheme would be:
a) ASK
b) FSK
c) QPSK
d) MSK

Answer: b) FSK

In a high-speed train communication system where there’s a significant Doppler

Q.164
shift, which modulation scheme would offer resilience against these effects?
a) FSK
b) ASK
c) QAM
d) BPSK

Answer: a) FSK

To establish a communication link in a noisy industrial environment, which

Q. 165 modulation would you consider due to its ability to work efficiently in such
conditions?
a) BPSK
b) FSK
c) QAM
d) ASK

Answer: b) FSK

For transmitting high-definition videos over a broadband connection, which

Q. 166
modulation scheme would offer the required data rates?
a) BPSK
b) ASK
c) FSK
 d) QAM

Answer: d) QAM

To design a digital walkie-talkie operating in a license-free band with limited

Q. 167 bandwidth, which modulation technique would you employ to keep the device
simple and cost-effective?
a) QPSK
b) FSK
c) 16-QAM
d) MSK

Answer: b) FSK

In a remote sensing satellite link that requires high-resolution image

Q. 168
transmission, which modulation would you use to maximize data rates?
a) FSK
b) ASK
c) QAM
d) BPSK

Answer: c) QAM

For a system that prioritizes low power consumption over data rate, which
Q. 169
modulation technique would you employ?
a) QAM
b) FSK
c) ASK
d) BPSK

Answer: c) ASK

In a short-range telemetry application where power efficiency is critical, which

Q. 170
modulation scheme would be preferred?
a) QAM
b) ASK
c) DPSK
d) FSK

Answer: d) FSK

In a QAM modulation scheme, what is the primary factor determining the

Q. 171
distance between constellation points?
a) Signal amplitude
b) Carrier frequency
c) Signal frequency
 d) Phase difference

Answer: a) Signal amplitude

Q. 172 For BPSK, what is the bit error rate most sensitive to?
a) Phase errors
b) Frequency errors
c) Amplitude errors
d) Timing errors

Answer: a) Phase errors

What is the main drawback of increasing the number of constellation points in

Q. 173
QAM?
a) Reduced bandwidth
b) Increased power
c) Increased susceptibility to noise
d) Reduced data rate

Answer: c) Increased susceptibility to noise

Q. 174 Which modulation scheme would be most affected by phase jitter?

a) ASK
b) FSK
c) PSK
d) QAM

Answer: c) PSK

In an environment with a high SNR, which modulation can achieve higher data
Q. 175
rates?
a) BPSK
b) 16-QAM
c) FSK
d) ASK

Answer: b) 16-QAM

Why is DPSK preferred over BPSK in some systems despite having similar
Q. 176
bandwidth and power requirements?
a) Less complexity
b) No need for coherent detection
c) Higher data rates
d) Reduced error rate

Answer: b) No need for coherent detection

Q. 177 Why might MSK be chosen over GMSK for certain applications?
a) Higher bandwidth efficiency
b) Lower power requirements
c) Reduced phase discontinuities
d) Better amplitude consistency

Answer: c) Reduced phase discontinuities

Q. 178 Which modulation scheme is most susceptible to inter-symbol interference (ISI)?

a) FSK
b) QPSK
c) 64-QAM
d) BPSK

Answer: c) 64-QAM

Q. 179 What factor primarily dictates the bandwidth efficiency of FSK?

a) Frequency deviation
b) Bit rate
c) Carrier frequency
d) Modulation index

Answer: a) Frequency deviation

Q. 180 How does the modulation index of FM affect its bandwidth?

a) It remains constant
b) Increases with modulation index
c) Decreases with modulation index
d) Depends on carrier frequency

Answer: b) Increases with modulation index

In QAM, how does increasing the number of constellation points affect the
Q. 181
required SNR for a similar error performance?
a) Remains constant
b) Increases
c) Decreases
d) Depends on the phase

Answer: b) Increases

Q. 182 Why might one choose 8-PSK over 8-QAM?

a) Higher data rate
b) Lower power requirement
c) Reduced susceptibility to noise
 d) Improved bandwidth efficiency

Answer: b) Lower power requirement

Q. 183 What is the main disadvantage of non-coherent detection in FSK?

a) Requires synchronization
b) Reduced data rate
c) Increased error rate
d) Higher bandwidth requirement

Answer: c) Increased error rate

Q. 184 Which demodulation method in PSK is most resilient to amplitude fluctuations?

a) Coherent detection
b) Differential detection
c) Envelope detection
d) Square law detection

Answer: b) Differential detection

For a fixed SNR, how does increasing the M-value in M-QAM affect the
Q. 185
system’s performance?
a) Increases error probability
b) Reduces error probability
c) Error probability remains the same
d) Reduces bandwidth efficiency

Answer: a) Increases error probability

Q. 186 Which modulation technique inherently combats the effects of multipath fading?
a) ASK
b) FSK
c) PSK
d) MSK

Answer: b) FSK

Why is the non-linear modulation technique, FM, preferred for broadcast radio
Q. 187
over AM?
a) Higher bandwidth efficiency
b) Robustness against amplitude noise
c) Lower power consumption
d) Simpler receiver design

Answer: b) Robustness against amplitude noise

Q. 188 In DQPSK, what is the primary advantage over simple QPSK?
a) Improved bandwidth efficiency
b) No need for phase reference
c) Reduced frequency requirement
d) Lower error rates

Answer: b) No need for phase reference

Which modulation technique offers a constant envelope and is thus power-

Q. 189
efficient for non-linear amplifiers?
a) ASK
b) GMSK
c) 16-QAM
d) PSK

Answer: b) GMSK

Why does increasing the data rate in FSK generally lead to a decrease in
Q. 190
bandwidth efficiency?
a) Increased frequency deviation
b) Reduced time for each symbol
c) Increased error rates
d) Reduced carrier frequency

Answer: b) Reduced time for each symbol

In an adaptive modulation scheme, in what scenario might a system switch from

Q. 191
64-QAM to QPSK?
a) Increased SNR
b) Decreased SNR
c) Higher demand in data rate
d) Reduced interference

Answer: b) Decreased SNR

How does increasing the number of bits per symbol in QAM affect the system’s
Q. 192
robustness against errors?
a) Increases robustness
b) Reduces robustness
c) No change in robustness
d) Depends on phase changes

Answer: b) Reduces robustness

For a fixed modulation index, how does the bandwidth of FM change with carrier
Q. 193
frequency?
 a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
d) Becomes unpredictable

Answer: c) Remains the same

Q. 194 How does 8-PSK compare to QPSK in terms of phase changes?

a) Fewer phase changes
b) More phase changes
c) The same number of phase changes
d) Phase changes are more abrupt

Answer: b) More phase changes

Q. 195 Why is MSK considered a constant-envelope modulation?

a) Because of its consistent amplitude
b) Due to its continuous phase
c) It maintains a consistent frequency
d) It has a fixed modulation index

Answer: b) Due to its continuous phase

What is the main advantage of using a non-linear modulation like FM over a

Q. 196
linear modulation like AM in a noisy environment?
a) Lower bandwidth
b) Improved data rate
c) Immunity to amplitude noise
d) Simplified receiver design

Answer: c) Immunity to amplitude noise

Q. 197 What impact does differential encoding have on PSK modulation?

a) Increases bandwidth efficiency
b) Eliminates need for phase reference in demodulation
c) Reduces power requirement
d) Increases data rate

Answer: b) Eliminates need for phase reference in demodulation

In M-ary FSK, why is there an increase in bandwidth requirement as M

Q. 198
increases?
a) To accommodate more phase changes
b) To allow space for more frequency shifts
c) Due to increased amplitude levels
d) Due to reduced symbol duration
 Answer: b) To allow space for more frequency shifts

Why is Quadrature demodulation preferred in many modern digital

Q. 199
communication systems?
a) Increased power efficiency
b) Separation of I and Q components
c) Reduced bandwidth
d) Improved error rate

Answer: b) Separation of I and Q components

How does the introduction of a guard interval in an OFDM system help in

Q. 200
combating ISI?
a) By increasing symbol duration
b) By reducing the data rate
c) By absorbing inter-symbol interference
d) By enhancing signal amplitude

Answer: c) By absorbing inter-symbol interference

Which modulation scheme would be least affected by sudden amplitude surges

Q. 201
or dips?
a) AM
b) FM
c) PM
d) QAM

Answer: b) FM

In terms of error performance, why might one prefer 16-QAM over 64-QAM in a
Q. 202
lower SNR scenario?
a) 16-QAM has fewer constellation points
b) 16-QAM requires less power
c) 64-QAM has a higher bandwidth
d) 64-QAM has more abrupt phase changes

Answer: a) 16-QAM has fewer constellation points

Why is OQPSK often chosen over QPSK, even if both have similar energy
Q. 203
efficiencies?
a) OQPSK has a more constant envelope
b) OQPSK has a higher data rate
c) OQPSK requires less bandwidth
d) OQPSK has fewer phase transitions
 Answer: a) OQPSK has a more constant envelope

Q. 204 Which of the following has the highest resilience to phase noise?
a) BPSK
b) QPSK
c) 8-PSK
d) 16-QAM

Answer: a) BPSK

In a multipath fading environment, which modulation might perform better due

Q. 205
to its frequency diversity?
a) ASK
b) PSK
c) OFDM
d) MSK

Answer: c) OFDM

Which of the following modulation techniques would be least impacted by

Q. 206
frequency offset?
a) PSK
b) ASK
c) FSK
d) QAM

Answer: b) ASK

Q. 207 How do pulse shaping filters like raised cosine reduce inter-symbol interference?
a) By increasing symbol duration
b) By enhancing bandwidth efficiency
c) By constraining signal energy within a symbol duration
d) By amplifying the signal strength

Answer: c) By constraining signal energy within a symbol duration

In which modulation does the signal’s amplitude and phase change

Q. 208
simultaneously?
a) ASK
b) PSK
c) FSK
d) QAM

Answer: d) QAM

Q. 209 How does the non-linear modulation FM achieve its noise immunity?
 a) By suppressing amplitude variations
b) By utilizing a constant envelope
c) By changing frequency according to the input
d) By altering the phase based on the input signal

Answer: a) By suppressing amplitude variations

Why might one opt for 4-QAM over BPSK, given that both transmit 1 bit per
Q. 210
symbol?
a) 4-QAM has better noise immunity
b) 4-QAM allows for a more complex signal space
c) 4-QAM provides better bandwidth efficiency
d) 4-QAM offers a higher data rate

Answer: c) 4-QAM provides better bandwidth efficiency

Q. 211 Which digital modulation is inherently resistant to sudden phase shifts?

a) DPSK
b) BPSK
c) QAM
d) ASK

Answer: a) DPSK

What impact does increasing the roll-off factor in raised-cosine filtering have on
Q. 212
bandwidth?
a) Increases it
b) Decreases it
c) No effect
d) Makes it unpredictable

Answer: a) Increases it

Why are error correction codes often paired with higher order modulation
Q. 213
schemes?
a) To reduce bandwidth usage
b) To reduce transmission power
c) To correct for inevitable symbol errors
d) To simplify receiver design

Answer: c) To correct for inevitable symbol errors

Q. 214 Which modulation scheme is least likely to be affected by Gaussian noise?

a) AM
b) FM
c) QAM
 d) PSK

Answer: b) FM

What is the inherent trade-off when increasing the constellation size in digital
Q. 215
modulation schemes?
a) Bandwidth efficiency vs. power efficiency
b) Data rate vs. power consumption
c) Error probability vs. bandwidth efficiency
d) Power efficiency vs. error probability

Answer: d) Power efficiency vs. error probability

For equal energy per bit, which modulation provides better bit error rate
Q. 216
performance in a noisy environment?
a) BPSK
b) QPSK
c) 16-QAM
d) ASK

Answer: a) BPSK

Q. 217 Why is GMSK preferred in some mobile communication systems?

a) It requires less bandwidth
b) It has a constant envelope
c) It offers higher data rates
d) It provides better error performance

Answer: b) It has a constant envelope

Q. 218 What characteristic of FM makes it inherently immune to amplitude variations?

a) Its phase changes
b) Its frequency changes
c) Its constant envelope
d) Its high bandwidth

Answer: b) Its frequency changes

In which scenario would non-coherent detection be preferred over coherent

Q. 219
detection?
a) High SNR environments
b) Systems with tight synchronization
c) Systems where phase reference is difficult to maintain
d) High data rate systems

Answer: c) Systems where phase reference is difficult to maintain

Q. 220 How does the use of Gray coding in QAM modulations impact the system?
a) Reduces bandwidth requirement
b) Reduces power efficiency
c) Minimizes bit error due to symbol error
d) Increases data rate

Answer: c) Minimizes bit error due to symbol error

Q. 221 Which modulation technique inherently suppresses DC components?

a) ASK
b) FM
c) PSK
d) MSK

Answer: d) MSK

In which of the following modulation techniques are the I and Q components

Q. 222
sent sequentially rather than simultaneously?
a) OQPSK
b) QPSK
c) MSK
d) 8-PSK

Answer: a) OQPSK

Q. 223 In terms of spectrum usage, which is more efficient between BPSK and BFSK?
a) BPSK
b) BFSK
c) They are equally efficient
d) It depends on the application

Answer: a) BPSK

Q. 224 Which of the following is a nonlinear modulation method?

a) QAM
b) PSK
c) ASK
d) FM

Answer: d) FM

Q. 225 How does increasing the modulation index in FM impact its bandwidth?
a) Increases bandwidth
b) Decreases bandwidth
c) No change
 d) Makes bandwidth unpredictable

Answer: a) Increases bandwidth

Q. 226 Why might DQPSK be preferred over BPSK in mobile communication systems?
a) It offers a higher data rate
b) It requires less power
c) It handles rapid phase changes better
d) It offers a smaller bandwidth

Answer: c) It handles rapid phase changes better

In which modulation scheme is the data represented by changes in the frequency

Q. 227
of the carrier?
a) QAM
b) PSK
c) ASK
d) FSK

Answer: d) FSK

What is the primary reason for using Orthogonal Frequency Division

Q. 228
Multiplexing (OFDM) in digital communication systems?
a) Improved power efficiency
b) High data rates
c) Combatting multi-path fading
d) Reducing frequency offsets

Answer: c) Combatting multi-path fading

Q. 229 In QPSK modulation, how many bits are represented by each symbol?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b) 2

Which modulation technique is more resilient to phase noise: QPSK or 16-

Q. 230
QAM?
a) QPSK
b) 16-QAM
c) They are equally resilient
d) Depends on the noise power

Answer: a) QPSK
 What is the primary advantage of coherent detection in digital modulation
Q. 231
schemes?
a) It reduces bandwidth requirement
b) It improves error performance
c) It simplifies transmitter design
d) It reduces power consumption

Answer: b) It improves error performance

Which modulation scheme is inherently differential in its operation, not requiring

Q. 232
a phase reference?
a) QPSK
b) DQPSK
c) 16-QAM
d) ASK

Answer: b) DQPSK

Which modulation scheme can be viewed as two AM signals being transmitted

Q. 233
simultaneously on orthogonal carriers?
a) PSK
b) FSK
c) QAM
d) FM

Answer: c) QAM

Q. 234 What property makes FM a popular choice for audio broadcasting?

a) Frequency diversity
b) Noise immunity
c) Bandwidth efficiency
d) High data rate capacity

Answer: b) Noise immunity

In the presence of a phase shift, which modulation scheme will have the smallest
Q. 235
error penalty?
a) BPSK
b) QPSK
c) 16-QAM
d) DPSK

Answer: d) DPSK
 In digital modulation schemes, why is constellation diagram representation
Q. 236
useful?
a) It shows frequency response
b) It represents power efficiency
c) It visually depicts symbols in the signal space
d) It indicates bandwidth usage

Answer: c) It visually depicts symbols in the signal space

In a scenario with rapid fading, which characteristic of OFDM helps in

Q. 237
maintaining signal integrity?
a) Its narrow sub-carriers
b) Its high peak-to-average power ratio
c) Its frequency diversity
d) Its constant envelope

Answer: a) Its narrow sub-carriers

Which digital modulation scheme uses two carriers which are orthogonal to each
Q. 238
other?
a) ASK
b) QPSK
c) OFDM
d) BPSK

Answer: b) QPSK

Which of the following reasons makes 16-QAM more susceptible to noise

Q. 239
compared to BPSK?
a) Because it uses more frequencies
b) Because of its higher phase modulation
c) Because it has more points in its constellation diagram
d) Because of its larger amplitude variations

Answer: c) Because it has more points in its constellation diagram

Given identical bandwidth conditions, why might 8-PSK be preferred over

Q. 240
BPSK?
a) Better power efficiency
b) Faster transmission rates
c) Better phase coherence
d) Lower peak-to-average power ratio

Answer: b) Faster transmission rates

Q. 241 Why is MSK considered a form of continuous phase modulation?

 a) Because it eliminates phase discontinuities
b) Because of its constant envelope
c) Because it uses a masking technique
d) Because of its spectral efficiency

Answer: a) Because it eliminates phase discontinuities

How does the nonlinear nature of FM modulation impact the transmitted signal’s
Q. 242
spectrum?
a) It narrows it
b) It broadens it
c) It stabilizes it
d) It does not affect it

Answer: b) It broadens it

What is the primary motivation behind using differential modulation in a noisy

Q. 243
channel?
a) Better bandwidth efficiency
b) Improved signal-to-noise ratio
c) Ability to combat phase shifts without a reference signal
d) Lower power consumption

Answer: c) Ability to combat phase shifts without a reference signal

Q. 244 Why do OFDM systems combat multipath propagation effectively?

a) Due to differential encoding
b) Because of frequency diversity
c) Using orthogonal carriers
d) Because of time division multiplexing

Answer: b) Because of frequency diversity

In the context of modulation, why is Gaussian filtering often applied to baseband

Q. 245
signals?
a) Increase signal strength
b) Limit the bandwidth and reduce inter-symbol interference
c) To create amplitude variations
d) Enhance the modulating signal’s frequency components

Answer: b) Limit the bandwidth and reduce inter-symbol interference

Q. 246 Why is QAM preferred in many modern digital communication systems?

a) It is power-efficient
b) It can carry multiple bits per symbol
c) It has a constant envelope
 d) It uses amplitude variations for encoding

Answer: b) It can carry multiple bits per symbol

Q. 247 In which scenario would FM be preferable over AM?

a) When bandwidth is limited
b) In high noise environments
c) For constant envelope transmissions
d) When transmitting at low frequencies

Answer: b) In high noise environments

Q. 248 What advantage does coherent detection provide in a QPSK system?

a) Reduced error rate
b) Increased transmission speed
c) Improved bandwidth efficiency
d) Ability to handle multi-path propagation

Answer: a) Reduced error rate

Q. 249 Why might a communication system utilize a raised cosine filter?

a) Improve phase coherence
b) Maximize the data rate
c) Minimize inter-symbol interference
d) To increase the amplitude of transmitted signals

Answer: c) Minimize inter-symbol interference

Q. 250 Why are pilot tones often used in QAM systems?

a) For synchronization purposes
b) To increase data rates
c) To provide amplitude reference
d) To compensate for phase offsets

Answer: d) To compensate for phase offsets

Given the non-linear nature of FM, what challenge is often encountered in FM

Q. 251
demodulators?
a) Constellation skewing
b) Amplitude variation
c) Phase ambiguity
d) Carrier frequency estimation

Answer: d) Carrier frequency estimation

Q. 252 Why might a system employ differential QPSK over standard QPSK?
 a) To eliminate the need for a coherent reference
b) For improved spectral efficiency
c) To increase the data rate
d) To reduce the complexity of the transmitter

Answer: a) To eliminate the need for a coherent reference

In terms of resilience to jitter, which modulation scheme has a better

Q. 253
performance?
a) BPSK
b) 8-PSK
c) 16-QAM
d) MSK

Answer: a) BPSK

When using a Costas loop for synchronization in PSK, what issue is inherently
Q. 254
resolved?
a) Amplitude variations
b) Frequency offsets
c) Inter-symbol interference
d) Bit error rate reduction

Answer: b) Frequency offsets

In a digital communication system, why might Trellis Coded Modulation be

Q. 255
employed?
a) To reduce the signal bandwidth
b) To improve the bit error rate without bandwidth expansion
c) To enhance the signal amplitude
d) To combat phase noise

Answer: b) To improve the bit error rate without bandwidth expansion

Q. 256 Why is envelope detection not suitable for demodulating PSK signals?
a) Due to varying amplitudes in PSK
b) Because of phase discontinuities in PSK
c) As envelope detection requires coherent carriers
d) Due to the constant envelope nature of PSK

Answer: d) Due to the constant envelope nature of PSK

Q. 257 Why is OFDM particularly suited for high data rate applications like 4G and 5G?
a) It inherently suppresses inter-symbol interference
b) It provides superior frequency diversity
c) It has a constant envelope nature
 d) It uses a high number of carriers

Answer: a) It inherently suppresses inter-symbol interference

Q. 258 What challenge does the high peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM pose?
a) Increased complexity in demodulation
b) Requirement for linear power amplifiers
c) Need for additional bandwidth
d) Increased susceptibility to noise

Answer: b) Requirement for linear power amplifiers

Q. 259 Why are differential modulation techniques preferred in mobile communication?

a) They provide better power efficiency
b) They combat fading due to mobility
c) They eliminate the need for synchronization
d) They offer faster data rates

Answer: c) They eliminate the need for synchronization

In the context of demodulation, why is phase-locked loop advantageous for

Q. 260
BPSK signals?
a) It reduces amplitude variations
b) It compensates for phase noise and frequency offsets
c) It increases data rate
d) It improves bandwidth efficiency

Answer: b) It compensates for phase noise and frequency offsets

Q. 261 What inherent challenge does 64-QAM present over 16-QAM?

a) Reduced power efficiency
b) Reduced spectral efficiency
c) Increased susceptibility to noise
d) Requirement for higher bandwidth

Answer: c) Increased susceptibility to noise

Given a noisy environment, which modulation technique would provide better

Q. 262
resilience?
a) AM
b) FM
c) BPSK
d) QPSK

Answer: b) FM
Q. 263 Why might GMSK be preferred over MSK in certain communication systems?
a) Improved power efficiency
b) Reduced bandwidth requirement
c) Improved bit error rate
d) Enhanced spectral efficiency

Answer: b) Reduced bandwidth requirement

Q. 264 What challenge does phase ambiguity in PSK demodulation pose?

a) Difficulty in frequency synchronization
b) Increased inter-symbol interference
c) Bit error rate increase due to incorrect phase estimation
d) Requirement for higher power transmission

Answer: c) Bit error rate increase due to incorrect phase estimation

In the context of digital modulation, what advantage does Gray coding provide in
Q. 265
QAM?
a) Enhanced spectral efficiency
b) Reduced power consumption
c) Reduced bit error probability for small phase shifts
d) Improved phase coherence

Answer: c) Reduced bit error probability for small phase shifts

Q. 266 Why does OQPSK have an advantage over QPSK in terms of phase transitions?
a) It limits phase transitions to 90 degrees
b) It has a higher data rate
c) It uses orthogonal carriers
d) It employs differential encoding

Answer: a) It limits phase transitions to 90 degrees

For a communication system prone to fading, which modulation scheme might

Q. 267
be preferred?
a) QAM
b) BPSK
c) MSK
d) FM

Answer: d) FM

Why is it important for an OFDM system to maintain orthogonality between its

Q. 268
sub-carriers?
a) To improve signal strength
b) To enhance data rate
 c) To minimize inter-carrier interference
d) To reduce bandwidth usage

Answer: c) To minimize inter-carrier interference

Q. 269 In the realm of digital modulation, why is eye-diagram analysis essential?

a) To assess spectral efficiency
b) To determine the optimal bit rate
c) To visualize inter-symbol interference and timing errors
d) To evaluate carrier frequency stability

Answer: c) To visualize inter-symbol interference and timing errors

Q. 270 What potential issue arises with increasing the order of a QAM system?
a) Lower transmission power
b) Reduced modulation speed
c) Closer constellation points increasing error probability
d) Reduced carrier frequency stability

Answer: c) Closer constellation points increasing error probability

Q. 271 Why might a system utilize spread spectrum techniques like FHSS or DSSS?
a) To reduce power consumption
b) To combat narrowband interference and eavesdropping
c) To enhance bandwidth efficiency
d) To stabilize carrier frequency

Answer: b) To combat narrowband interference and eavesdropping

Q. 272 What benefit does a matched filter provide in a digital communication receiver?
a) Enhanced power efficiency
b) Maximum signal-to-noise ratio at its output
c) Improved bandwidth utilization
d) Compensation for frequency offsets

Answer: b) Maximum signal-to-noise ratio at its output

Given the advancements in deep learning, how might artificial neural networks
Q. 273
be employed in modulation schemes?
a) Frequency selection
b) Modulation type identification
c) Phase synchronization
d) Carrier wave generation

Answer: b) Modulation type identification

How might quantum computing impact traditional modulation techniques?
Q. 274 a) Faster demodulation
b) Phase entanglement
c) Secure key distribution
d) Reduced interference

Answer: c) Secure key distribution

Imagine a new modulation scheme that optimizes power use based on real-time
feedback from the receiver. What would be its primary benefit?
Q. 275 a) Improved spectral efficiency
b) Increased data rate
c) Reduced power consumption
d) Enhanced security

Answer: c) Reduced power consumption

Propose a method for combining the benefits of QPSK and 16-QAM. What
would be a likely feature of such a hybrid scheme?
Q. 276 a) Reduced bandwidth use
b) Enhanced resilience to noise
c) Higher data rate
d) Improved power efficiency

Answer: c) Higher data rate

By incorporating artificial intelligence in demodulation, what advantage might be

realized in dynamic communication environments?
Q. 277 a) Faster bit rates
b) Adaptive demodulation techniques
c) Enhanced carrier wave stability
d) Better power efficiency

Answer: b) Adaptive demodulation techniques

How could Blockchain technology be integrated into modulation schemes for

enhanced security?
Q. 278 a) By encrypting frequency channels
b) To validate source and destination
c) By distributing carrier phase information
d) Dynamic modulation selection based on transaction logs

Answer: b) To validate source and destination

Imagine a modulation scheme that adjusts its parameters based on ambient

temperature. What would be its primary motivation?
Q. 279 a) To counteract frequency drift
 b) To improve bit error rate
c) To maximize spectral efficiency
d) To conserve power

Answer: a) To counteract frequency drift

Given the rise of IoT devices, propose a method to dynamically adjust

modulation techniques based on device type. What would be a major benefit?
Q. 280 a) Enhanced device interoperability
b) Improved spectral efficiency
c) Faster data rates for specific devices
d) Enhanced security and anti-spoofing

Answer: a) Enhanced device interoperability

How might swarm robotics utilize advanced modulation techniques for more
effective communication?
Q. 281 a) Time-slotted channel hopping
b) Adaptive frequency allocation
c) Phase synchronization using leader bots
d) Consensus-based demodulation

Answer: c) Phase synchronization using leader bots

Envision a system where modulation schemes evolve over time using genetic
algorithms. What would be the primary objective of such a system?
Q. 282 a) Maximizing data throughput
b) Optimizing power consumption
c) Ensuring compatibility with legacy systems
d) Rapid adaptation to changing communication environments

Answer: d) Rapid adaptation to changing communication environments

In a future with smart cities, how might modulation techniques be designed to

cope with massive device connectivity?
Q. 283 a) Dynamic spectrum access
b) Centralized frequency allocation
c) Periodic modulation scheme rotation
d) AI-assisted phase synchronization

Answer: a) Dynamic spectrum access

How could virtual reality systems benefit from non-linear modulation

techniques?
Q. 284 a) Enhanced immersive experience
b) Real-time adaptation to user inputs
 c) Minimized latency in data transmission
d) Reduced device energy consumption

Answer: c) Minimized latency in data transmission

Imagine integrating biofeedback sensors with modulation techniques. What

advantage might this bring in medical telemetry?
Q. 285 a) Enhanced signal clarity
b) Personalized frequency allocation
c) Dynamic adjustment based on patient vitals
d) Optimized data rate for medical imaging

Answer: c) Dynamic adjustment based on patient vitals

Propose a benefit of integrating haptic feedback systems with advanced

modulation schemes in remote robotics.
Q. 286 a) Enhanced user experience
b) Real-time control adjustment
c) Improved signal strength
d) Reduced feedback latency

Answer: d) Reduced feedback latency

How could advanced modulation techniques support augmented reality systems

in densely populated areas?
Q. 287 a) By enhancing visual clarity
b) By ensuring rapid data transfers
c) Through secured personal data channels
d) By optimizing ambient light interference

Answer: b) By ensuring rapid data transfers

In the domain of space communications, how might modulation schemes be

developed to handle extreme distances and conditions?
Q. 288 a) Time-based synchronization
b) Pulsed frequency modulation
c) Quantum entangled phase synchronization
d) AI-driven adaptive modulation

Answer: d) AI-driven adaptive modulation

What could be a reason to design a modulation scheme that employs

environmental data (like humidity, pressure) for satellite communication?
Q. 289 a) To reduce the power consumption
b) To combat signal attenuation
c) To enhance the bit rate
 d) To ensure terrestrial compatibility

Answer: b) To combat signal attenuation

Imagine a self-learning modulation scheme. What might be its primary method

of improvement over time?
Q. 290 a) Manual tuning
b) Feedback from receiver
c) Analyzing past transmission errors
d) Adjusting to changing weather conditions

Answer: b) Feedback from receiver

In a world dominated by autonomous vehicles, how might they employ advanced

modulation techniques for seamless communication?
Q. 291 a) Dynamic bandwidth allocation based on vehicle density
b) Adaptive modulation based on vehicle speed
c) Periodic carrier phase synchronization
d) AI-driven traffic pattern-based frequency selection

Answer: a) Dynamic bandwidth allocation based on vehicle density

How might underwater communication systems benefit from non-linear

modulation techniques?
Q. 292 a) Minimized signal reflection
b) Improved bit error rates at varying depths
c) Enhanced communication with airborne systems
d) Reduced interference from marine life

Answer: b) Improved bit error rates at varying depths

Propose a use-case for integrating machine learning with modulation schemes in

drone swarms.
Q. 293 a) Frequency evasion from predatory birds
b) Enhanced visual clarity in drone cameras
c) Adaptive modulation based on drone battery levels
d) Real-time adjustment based on swarm density and movement

Answer: d) Real-time adjustment based on swarm density and movement

How could a digital communication system, which uses both linear and non-
linear modulation, be designed to decide when to switch between them?
Q. 294 a) Based on data type (text, video)
b) Through user preferences
c) By monitoring the channel noise level
d) Depending on the receiver’s computational power
 Answer: c) By monitoring the channel noise level

In the context of military communications, what advantage could a self-evolving

modulation scheme offer?
Q. 295 a) Reduced power consumption
b) Enhanced data rate
c) Dynamic anti-jamming capabilities
d) Improved spectral efficiency

Answer: c) Dynamic anti-jamming capabilities

How might we redesign a modulation scheme to best support a holographic

communication system?
Q. 296 a) Improve color representation through frequency allocation
b) Maximize the data rate for real-time rendering
c) Prioritize audio signals for enhanced clarity
d) Dynamically adjust based on viewer distance

Answer: b) Maximize the data rate for real-time rendering

For a global mesh network of satellites, propose a modulation technique that

adapts to terrestrial interference.
Q. 297 a) AI-driven dynamic frequency hopping
b) Ground-based phase synchronization
c) Satellite interlink prioritization
d) Polarized signal modulation

Answer: a) AI-driven dynamic frequency hopping

Considering the challenges of interstellar communication, how might we

conceive a modulation technique optimized for vast distances and time lags?
Q. 298 a) Pulse-position modulation with error correction
b) Ultra-low frequency amplitude modulation
c) Quantum phase-entangled frequency shifts
d) Redundant multi-frequency broadcasting

Answer: a) Pulse-position modulation with error correction

Envision a deep-sea research mission. Propose a modulation scheme that could

adapt to varying depths and topographies.
Q. 299 a) Pressure-sensitive frequency adjustment
b) Topography-based phase synchronization
c) Adaptive bandwidth allocation based on depth
d) Non-linear amplitude shifts to counter water density
 Answer: d) Non-linear amplitude shifts to counter water density

In the backdrop of a post-apocalyptic world, with significant atmospheric

changes, how might modulation schemes be reimagined?
Q. 300 a) Reduced frequency range for resilience
b) Dynamic modulation based on air quality metrics
c) Pulse-coded signals for extended range
d) Frequency hopping to navigate pockets of clear transmission
Answer: b) Dynamic modulation based on air quality metrics

Imagine a future with telepathic communication devices. How might modulation

schemes be developed to support neural interfaces?

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