LET'S LEARN

ELECTRICITY
L i g h t i n g i t u p t h i s 4 t h Q u a r t e r
OBJECTIVES
OF THE DAY!
• Understand the basic properties of
electric charge
• Differentiate between conductors and
insulators
• Explain the transfer of electrons
between two objects
• Distinguish between charging by
contact, charging by induction, and
charging by polarization.
LEARN MORE
 Day 1

4TH Electric
Charges
QUARTER
 How does
understanding
of the nature of
ESSENTIAL charges keep us
QUESTION safe during
thunderstorms?
LET'S REVIEW ON
HOW ELECTRICITY
REACHES OUR
HOMES
 Let’s Review: How Electricity Gets to your House
1.Electricity is made at a generating station by huge _________
generators which are powered by wind, coal,
natural gas, or water.
force
2.The current is sent through transformers to increase the ________ to push the power over long
distances. Transmission
lines
3.The electrical charge goes through high-voltage _________lines that stretch across the country.
4.It reaches a substation, where the voltage is ________lowered so it can be sent on smaller power lines.
5.It travels through _________
distribution lines to your neighborhood. Smaller transformers reduce the
voltage again to make the power safe to use in our homes. These smaller transformers may be
mounted on the poles or sitting on the ground.
6.It connects to your house and passes through a ______ meters that measures how much your family
uses.
7.The electricity goes to the _______
breakers where fuses protect the wires inside your house from being
overloaded.
8.The electricity travels through ______ wires inside the walls to the outlets and switches all over your

house.

https://www.alliantenergykids.com/
 MINDANAO'S PRIMARY SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
Agus 1 Hydroelectric
Power Plant, Marawi,
Lanao del Sur 1994

Mindanao Geothermal Ampiro Geothermal Mt. Sibulan-Kapatagan Balatukan-Balingasag

Production Field (Energy Power Project, Misamis Geothermal Power Geothermal Prospect
Balingasag, Misamis
Development Corporation) Occidental – Proposed Project Davao del Sur
Oriental

Lakewood Geothermal Kalilangan Biomass Don Carlos Biomass Misamis Oriental Biomass
Prospect Lakewood, Energy Corporation Energy Corporation Energy Corporation Misamis
Zamboanga del Sur Oriental
TBA (Mindanao) TBA (Mindanao)

STEAG Power Plant (Steag Lanao Kauswagan Power St Agus 6 Hydroelectric Talomo Hydro 2B Brgy.
GmbH) Villanueva, ation Kauswagan, Lanao del Power Plant, Iligan 1953 Mintal, Davao City
Misamis Orient Norte 1977 2005
 Understanding a bigger picture
requires getting into the tiniest detail.
 ELECTRICITY
in the atomic level

movement of electrons

WORD REFRESHER
Elements - the simplest
form of matter
Atoms - smallest piece of an
element containing
all of the properties of
that element.
 Proton
(positive charge)

Matter is made of atoms. Neutron

(neutral)

Electron
(negative charge)

Atom

Nucleus
______The center portion of an
atom containing the protons and
neutrons.

______Positively charged atomic

particles.

______Uncharged atomic
particles.
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Orbits
Orbit Maximum
Number Electrons
1 2
2 8
3 18
4 32
5 50
6 72
Valence 8
Orbit

Orbits closest to the nucleus fill first

CONDUCTORS INSULATORS
Electrons flow easily Electron flow is difficult
between atoms between atoms

1-3 valence electrons in 5-8 valence electrons in

outer orbit outer orbit

Examples: Silver, Copper, Examples: Mica, Glass,

Gold, Aluminum Quartz
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Orbits
Atoms like to have their valence ring either filled (8) or
empty(0) of electrons.
Copper
How many electrons are in
Cu the valence orbit? 1
29
Is copper a conductor or
insulator? Conductor

Why?
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Orbits

Sulfur

S
16

How many electrons are in the valence orbit?

6
Is Sulfur a conductor or insulator?
Insulator
Why?
Electricity at the Atomic Level

Electron Flow
An electron from one orbit can knock
out an electron from another orbit.

When an atom loses an

electron, it seeks another to
fill the vacancy.

Copper

Cu
29
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Flow
Electricity is created as electrons collide and transfer from
atom to atom.

Play Animation
WHERE DO CHARGES COME FROM?

+ -
If electrons = protons ---> neutral

If electrons > protons --->gaining electrons, negative charge

If electrons < protons ---> losing electrons, positive charge

CONDUCTORS
Materials that transfer
electrons

Ex: Copper wire

What if we replace
copper wire with thread?

What will happen? Why?

ELECTRONEGATIVITY
**ability to attract electrons

Relative electronegativity
ranking for some common
materials from electron
donating materials(+,glass)
to electron accepting
materials (-, teflon)
WHERE DO CHARGES COME FROM?

When a balloon rubs on a piece of wool...

• electrons are pulled from the wool to

the balloon.
• The balloon has more electrons than
usual.
• The balloon: – charged,
The wool: + charged

Remember! Rubbing materials does NOT create electric charges. It just

transfers electrons from one material to the other.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_all.html
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_all.html
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_all.html
INSULATORS
CONDUCTORS
 Have you
experienced
this?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=St_KzxJqUGA
When two objects rub against each other electrons transfer and build up
on an object causing it to have a different charge from its surroundings.

Like the shoes rubbing against the carpet. Electrons are

transferred from the carpet to the shoes.
STATIC ELECTRICITY
•The build up of an electric
charge on the surface of an
object.
•The charge builds up but INSERT PAGE 31
does not flow.
•Static electricity is
potential energy
• It does not move
•It is stored
CHARGES can transfer from one
object to the next
Static Discharge or
Transfer of Charge

Occurs when there is a loss of static electricity due to three possible things:

Friction Conduction Induction

2.
 The Van de
Graaff
Charging by
generator can
Conduction
store up to
Theabout
Van de300,000
Graaff
generator
Volts ofcan
the
store up to about
sameVolts
300,000 kind of
of
charge.
the same kind of
charge.
3.
Charging by
Induction • Thunder clouds carry a vast amount of negative charges at the bottom and
an equal amount of corresponding positive charges at the top. When they
loom over us in the gloomy sky, positive charges are induced on the objects
on the ground, as a result of electrostatic induction.
 GROUNDING
An object is grounded when it is
connected to the earth through
a connecting wire.

If a charged conductor is
grounded, it will become neutral.
GROUNDING
How does grounding occur?

When we touch a metal ball of

positive charge...
+ +
+ electrons flow from the earth to
+ +
the metal ball to neutralize the
–
metal ball.
Metal ball becomes neutral.
GROUNDING
How does grounding occur?

Similarly, if the metal ball is of

negative charge...
+ +
+ extra electrons flow from the
+ +
metal ball to the earth and the
–
ball becomes neutral.
Application: Why do gasoline
tankers usually have metal
chains at the back?

When cars run, their tires and bodies are usually charged by
friction For gasoline tankers, if the accumulated charge is large
_______.
sparks
enough, _______can explosion will occur if
be produced and _________
gasoline vapor is ignited. Those metal chains conduct the charge
ground and avoid the danger.
on the bodies of tankers to the _______
In what activities have you used electricity today? Have
you charged something today?
 How does
understanding
of the nature of
ESSENTIAL charges keep us
QUESTION safe during
thunderstorms?
 Assignment – Answer Worksheet 1.1
(Assignment Tab MSForms)

Reflection: The Electric Jeepney (E-

Jeepney) is a recent development in the
Philippines that provides a sustainable, clean
form of public transportation. Electric
vehicles are a new technology that
introduces electrical components to the
vehicle.

What charging system works in electric

vehicles? If you are a salesman, how would
you convince customers to buy electric
vehicles over regular vehicles?

Note: Be ready to share your findings tomorrow.

April 2, 2024
THANK YOU