Instant notes for Chemistry 9th (S1 & S2)

Chapter No.7 Electrochemistry

EXERCISE SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Define oxidation in terms of electrons. Give example?
Ans. Oxidation: ‚The loss of one or more electrons by an atom or by the ion is called oxidation.‛
For example;
→
→
2. Define reduction in terms of loss or gain of oxygen or hydrogen. Give an example?
Ans. Reduction: ‚The addition of hydrogen or removal of oxygen during a chemical reaction is
called reduction.‛ For example;
→
→
3. What is difference between valency and oxidation state?
Ans. Valency
(i) It is the combining capacity of an atom to other atom.
(ii) It is always a whole number and have no plus or minus sign. E.g. valency of sodium is one.
Whereas
Oxidation state
(i) ‚The apparent charge present on an atom in a molecule or ionic compound is called oxidation
number or oxidation state.‛
(ii) It may be a whole number or sometime in fraction with positive or negative sign. E.g. oxidation
state of sodium is +1.
4. Differentiate between oxidizing and reducing agent?
Ans. Oxidizing agent: ‚The substance that oxidizes other substance by gaining electrons from it
and as a result reduces itself is called oxidizing agent or oxidant.‛ It increases the oxidation
number of an element in a given substance. Non-metals like are oxidizing agents
because they have the tendency to accept electrons.
Whereas
Reducing agent: “The substance that reduces other substance by donating its electrons and as a
result oxidizes itself is called reducing agent or reductant.‛ It decreases the oxidation number of
an element in a given substance. Almost all metals are good reducing agents because they have
the tendency to lose electrons.
5. Differentiate between strong and weak electrolytes?
Ans. Strong electrolytes: ‚The electrolytes which ionize almost completely in their aqueous
solution and produce more ions are called strong electrolytes.‛ For example, aqueous solution of
etc.
Whereas
Weak electrolytes: ‚The electrolytes which ionize to a small extent in their aqueous solution and
could not produce more ions are called weak electrolytes.‛ For example, Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
and Ca(OH)2 etc.
6. How electroplating of tin on steel is carried out?
Ans. Electroplating of Tin: Tin is usually electroplated on steel by placing the steel into a
container containing a solution of tin salt. The steel acts as cathode while tin metals act as anode,
both are connected to an electrical circuit. When electric current is passed through the circuit, tin
metal ions present in the solution are deposited on the steel.
7. Why steel is plated with nickel before the electroplating of chromium?
Ans. Steel is first plated with nickel or copper and then by chromium because chromium does not
adhere well on the steel surface. Moreover, it allows moisture to pass through it and metal is
stripped off. The chromium deposited over the adhesive layer of nickel or copper is long lasting.

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 Instant notes for Chemistry 9th (S1 & S2)

8. How the following reaction is oxidation in terms of increase of oxidation number.

→
Ans. ‚The increase in oxidation number is called as oxidation.‛ For example;
→
In above reaction, Aluminium loses 3 electrons and changes to ions, so, its oxidation number
is increased from zero to 3. Thus it is an oxidation reaction.
9. How can you prove that conversion of anion into an atom is an oxidation process?
Ans. During the conversion of anion into a neutral atom or molecule, electrons are lost by anion as
well as the oxidation number is also increased. Thus the conversion of anion into an atom is an
oxidation process. For example;
→
10. Why the anode carries negative charge in galvanic cell but positive charge in electrolytic cell?
Justify with comments.
Ans. In case of galvanic cell, metallic anode oxidizes and release electrons that are collected at
anode and create negative charge. While in case of electrolytic cell, the anode is attached to
positive terminal of battery that is why it carries positive charge.
11. Where do the electrons flow from Zn electrode in Daniel’s cell?
Ans. In Daniel’s cell, Zn oxidizes spontaneously and releases two electrons that flow from Zn
anode to copper cathode by external circuit. Cu2+ ions from solution move towards cathode, where
they gain these electrons and are reduced.
At anode: → At cathode: →
12. Why do electrodes get their names anode and cathode in galvanic cell?
Ans. In a galvanic cell, the electrode at which oxidation takes place is called anode, anode is a
Greek word meaning ‘way up’ as electrons move out at this electrode so it is called anode. The
electrode at which reduction takes place is called cathode. The word cathode comes from Greek
word ‚Kathodos‛ which means ‘way down’ as electron enter in the cell through this electrode so
it is named as Cathode.
13. What happens at the cathode in a galvanic cell?
Ans. In a galvanic cell, reduction takes place at the cathode.
14. Which solution is used as an electrolyte in Nelson’s cell?
Ans. Brine (concentrated aqueous solution of NaCl) is used as electrolyte in Nelson’s cell.
15. Name the bye-products produced in Nelson’s cell?
Ans. Hydrogen (H2) and chlorine (Cl2) are the bye-products produced in Nelson’s cell.
16. Why galvanizing is done?
Ans. Galvanizing is done to protect the iron against corrosion.

17. Why an iron grill is painted frequently?

Ans. Iron grill is painted frequently to prevent it from rusting. Because the painted surface of grill
is not exposed to water vapours, oxygen and carbon dioxide, which otherwise may cause rusting.
18. Why O2 is necessary for rusting?
Ans. During rusting, iron is oxidized and it gives electrons.
→
These electrons move to a region of higher O2 concentration surrounded by layer of water
molecules. This region act as cathode, O2 gains these electrons in the presence of acid (H+) and
reduced.
→
The overall reaction is as follow;
→
spread in water and react with to form rust. Thus oxygen is necessary for rusting.

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 Instant notes for Chemistry 9th (S1 & S2)

19. In electroplating of chromium, which salt is used as an electrolyte?

Ans. Aqueous solution of chromium sulphate is used as an electrolyte.
20. Write the redox reaction taking place during the electroplating of chromium?
Ans. At anode: → ( ) ()
At Cathode: →

21. In electroplating of silver, from where Ag+ ions come and where they deposit?
Ans. In electroplating of silver, Ag+ ions come from anode as a result of oxidation.
→
These ions move towards cathode where they are reduced by gaining electrons and deposited.
→
22. What is the nature of electrode used in electroplating of chromium?
Ans. In electroplating of chromium, the object to be electroplated, acts as cathode while anode is
made of antimonial-lead.

Exercise MCQs Answer Key:

Sr. No Ans. Sr. No Ans.

1 B 6 B
2 A 7 B
3 B 8 D
4 B 9 A
5 A 10 B

Prepared and Composed by:

Feroz Akhtar
M.phil Chemistry
Lecturer in Chemistry
Email:ferozakhtar88@gmail.com

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