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Daftar Referensi
Daftar Referensi
Gastrointestinal dysfunction during enteral nutrition delivery in intensive care unit (ICU)
patients: Risk factors, natural history, and clinical implications. A post-hoc analysis of The
Augmented versus Routine approach to Giving Energy Trial (TARGET). Am J Clin Nutr.
2022;116:589-98.
8. Atasever AG, Ozcan PE, Kasali K, Abdullah T, Orhun G, Senturk E. The frequency, risk
factors, and complications of gastrointestinal dysfunction during enteral nutrition in critically
ill patients. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:385–9.
9. Tang F, Liu P, Wang C. Use of enteral nutrition and factors influencing feeding intolerance in
severely ill patients in the intensive care unit. Trop J Pharm Res. 2023;22:1699–704.
11. Blaser AR, Malbrain MLNG, Starkopf J, Fruhwald S, Jakob SM, De Waele J, et al.
Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: Terminology, definitions and
management. Recommendations of the ESICM Working Group on Abdominal Problems.
Intensive Care Med. 2012;38:384–94.
12. Reintam Blaser A, Preiser JC, Fruhwald S, Wilmer A, Wernerman J, Benstoem C, et al.
Gastrointestinal dysfunction in the critically ill: a systematic scoping review and research
agenda proposed by the Section of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition of the European
Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Crit Care. 2020;24:224.
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13. Taylor RW. Gut Motility Issues in Critical Illness. Crit Care Clin. 2016;32:191-201.
14. Chen H, Zhang H, Li W, Wu S, Wang W. Acute gastrointestinal injury in the intensive care
unit: A retrospective study. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015;11:1523–9.
15. Deane AM, Chapman MJ, Reintam Blaser A, McClave SA, Emmanuel A. Pathophysiology
and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in the Acutely Ill. Nutr Clin Pract.
2019;34:23-36.
16. Deane A, Chapman MJ, Fraser RJ, Bryant LK, Burgstad C, Nguyen NQ. Mechanisms
underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment. World J
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17. Yarandi SS, Srinivasan S. Diabetic gastrointestinal motility disorders and the role of enteric
nervous system: Current status and future directions. Neurogastroenterol Motil.
2014;26:611–24.
18. Soenen S, Rayner CK, Horowitz M, Jones KL. Gastric Emptying in the Elderly. Clin Geriatr
Med. 2015;31: 339–53.
20. Young J, Rivière B, Cox CS, Uray K. A mathematical model of intestinal oedema formation.
Math Med Biol. 2014;31:1-15.
21. Chen WT, Du MJ, Chen YZ, Yuan DQ. Factors influencing feeding intolerance in critically
ill patients during enteral nutrition. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2019;12:7999-8003.
22. Hill LT. Gut dysfunction in the critically ill - Mechanisms and clinical implications. S Afr J
Crit Care. 2013;29:11–5.
23. Martinez EE, Fasano A, Mehta NM. Gastrointestinal function in critical illness-a complex
interplay between the nervous and enteroendocrine systems. Pediatr Med.2020;3:1-10.
25. Pironi L, Corcos O, Forbes A, Holst M, Joly F, Jonkers C, et al. Intestinal failure in adults:
Recommendations from the ESPEN expert groups. Clin Nutr. 2018;37:1798–809.
26. Fruhwald S, Holzer P, Metzler H. Intestinal motility disturbances in intensive care patients
pathogenesis and clinical impact. Vol. 33, Intensive Care Medicine. 2007. p. 36–44.
27. Higuchi S, Wu R, Zhou M, Marini CP, Ravikumar TS, Wang P. Gut Hyperpermiability after
Ischemia and Reperfusion: Attenuation with Adrenomedullin and its Binding Protein
Treatment. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2008;1:409-18.
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28. Reintam Blaser A, Starkopf J, Malbrain MLNG. Abdominal signs and symptoms in intensive
care patients. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2015;47:379–87.
29. Lindner M, Padar M, Mändul M, Christopher KB, Reintam Blaser A, Gratz HC, et al. Current
practice of gastric residual volume measurements and related outcomes of critically ill
patients: A secondary analysis of the intestinal-specific organ function assessment study.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2023;47:614–23.
30. Li H, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhao S. Association between acute gastrointestinal injury grading
system and disease severity and prognosis in critically ill patients: A multicenter, prospective,
observational study in China. J Crit Care. 2016;36:24–8.
31. Reintam Blaser A, Padar M, Mändul M, Elke G, Engel C, Fischer K, et al. Development of
the Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Score (GIDS) for critically ill patients – A prospective
multicenter observational study (iSOFA study). Clin Nutr. 2021;40:4932–40.
34. Jagdish RK, Maras JS, Sarin SK. Albumin in Advanced Liver Diseases: The Good and Bad
of a Drug! Hepatology. 2021;74:2848–62.
35. Rozga J, Piatek T, Małkowski P. Human albumin: Old, new, and emerging applications. Ann
Transplant. 2013;18:205–17.
36. Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Steinbaugh ML. Estimating Stature from Knee Height for Persons
60 to 90 Years of Age. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985;33:116–20.
37. White J V., Guenter P, Jensen G, Malone A, Schofield M. Consensus statement: Academy of
nutrition and dietetics and American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition:
Characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition
(undernutrition). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36:275–83.
38. Lambden S, Laterre PF, Levy MM, Francois B. The SOFA score - Development, utility and
challenges of accurate assessment in clinical trials. Crit Care. 2019;23:374.
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