SMART GRID D

Solutions
(below MV level)
Marvin Gonsalves
Outline
• Why the bustle on Smart Grid (SG)?

• Overview of an SG Ecosystem

• SG Network Technology
• Common Models

• Various Technologies Adopted by Different Countries

• Smart Learnings
• Implementation Issues

• Roles of Stakeholders

• Critical Success Factors

What is Smart Grid?
NIST’s definition: "a modernized grid that enables bidirectional

flows of energy and uses two-way communication and control

capabilities that will lead to an array of new functionalities and
applications."
The smart grid is a planned nationwide network that uses information
technology to deliver electricity efficiently, reliably, and securely.
It's been called "electricity with a brain," "the energy internet," and "the electronet."
• Electric demand is expected
to grow by 30 percent
• Energy efficiency is counted
as part of our future energy
supply
Trends Driving Power System Evolution

Renewable Energy Cost Reductions

 Global Trend in Solar PV Module Price

Source: http://www.ezysolare.com/blog/knowledge-center/trend-analysis-on-solar-pv-module-prices/
 800000

Source: http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2017.pdf
TOTAL RENEWABLE CAPACITY
700000

600000
Capacity in Megawatt

500000

400000

300000

200000

100000

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Asia CHN IND JPN

 70000

Source: http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2017.pdf
s = 600
60000 TOTAL RENEWABLE CAPACITY Ave = 5,100

50000
Capacity in Megawatt

40000 s = 1,700
Ave = 5,600
30000

20000

10000 s = 4400
Ave = 12,400
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

VNM KOR IDN THA PAK MYS PHL

Trends Driving Power System Evolution

Renewable Energy Cost Reductions Innovations in ICT and

Energy Technologies
A Look Ahead: Technology Innovation
Trends Driving Power System Evolution

Renewable Energy Cost Reductions Innovations in ICT and

Energy Technologies

Energy Security and

Resilience Goals
Energy Security and Grid Resilience

Energy Security: reduced

reliance on fossil fuels in
favor of renewables

Grid Resilience: against

increasing frequency and
severity of extreme weather
events
14
Trends Driving Power System Evolution

Renewable Energy Cost Reductions Innovations in ICT and

Energy Technologies

Energy Security and

Evolving Customer Engagement
Resilience Goals

15
 The Future Customer Experience

• Energy Efficiency

• Smart Appliances

• Distributed
Energy Resources

• Electric Vehicles

• Grid Flexibility

…More Choices and Control with Increased Convenience and Comfort

SG Ecosystem
Typical SG Ecosystem

CUSTOMER
• Empowerment
• Better Decisions
Advanced Network Automation
ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ADMS)
GENERATION

• An integrated system combining distribution management (DMS) and outage

management (OMS) systems
CONTROL CENTER
MODERNIZATION

• Upgrade of existing system

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION control center and operations
dispatch centers
SUBSTATION
Fault Location, Isolation and Integrated Volt-Var
Service Restoration (FLISR) Optimization (IVVO)
• Designed to decrease the duration • Aims to minimize technical losses
of outages and number of and manage voltage within
customers affected acceptable limits DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES (DER) Integration*

Comms Network
• Addresses technical barriers for using renewable and
distributed energy resources
• Ensure good power quality despite variability

DEMAND RESPONSE (DR)* SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

• Addresses supply deficiencies by establishing programs

that motivate change in customers’ consumption • Upgrade of existing substations in compliance with
behavior latest industry-standard IEC 61850

Sources: US National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), http://www.nema.org || Schneider Electric, http://www.schneider-electric.com || US Department of Energy, http://www.smartgrid.gov
Distribution Automation
Back-end System Field Equipment
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND SCADA Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

SUBSTATION
DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA)
Communications
Infrastructure

REMOTE-CONTROLLED REMOTE-CONTROLLED
LINE SWITCHES LINE RECLOSERS

 Running since 2004

 Real-time network monitoring and
control WIDE AREA NETWORK

DISTRIBUTION
Fiber Optics
Narrowband Radio REMOTE-CONTROLLED REMOTE-CONTROLLED
Microwave LINE CAPACITORS VOLTAGE REGULATORS
ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ADMS) LAST MILE COMMUNICATIONS
RF Mesh
Power Line Carrier (PLC)
GPRS

DIST. TRANSFORMER FAULTED CIRCUIT

SMART METERS
MONITORING EQPT. INDICATOR (FCI)

 DMS and OMS

 Runs FLISR and IVVO
applications
 Demand Response
Supply-Demand Supply-Demand
curve without DR curve with DR Incentive-based
DR Programs
 Interruptible Load
 Direct Load Control
 Demand Bidding
 Capacity Market

Price-based
DR Programs

 Time of Use (TOU)

 Real-time Pricing
 Critical Peak Pricing

FEATURES BENEFITS
 Establishment of various programs that
encourage changes in electric use by end-  Addresses power supply deficiencies
use customers in response to changes in the  Mitigates price spikes in the spot market
price of electricity over time, or to give (WESM)
incentive payments designed to induce
 Enables customers to manage their
lower electricity use at times of high market
consumption
prices or when grid reliability is jeopardized
Source: U.S. DOE Report on Demand Response; February 2006
Distributed Energy Resources (integration)
Bulk Power Market

ADMS DER Management System (DERMS) Customers

FEATURES
 Set of programs that aims to effectively integrate DERs
 Study of DER’s operational characteristics to evaluate its
impact to the network
 Implementation of systems and technologies
BENEFITS
 Allows the network to accommodate high penetration of
DERs and intermittent renewables
 Enable DERs to provide grid support
 Facilitates customer participation in the energy market

Source: GreenTech Media Research

AMI for Network Efficiency
Extending AMI application to the monitoring of distribution transformers

+ + +
PRES, Postpaid+, HANA, AMI for EMC, Distribution Transformer Monitoring
AMI for Non-residential
AMI Benefits to Network Operations

Asset Monitoring Demand Response (DR)

 Monitor condition and loading  Manage peak demand and avoid
of DTs to minimize premature high WESM prices by implementing
failures DR programs like time-varying rates
 Enhance situational awareness or direct load control

Outage Management Pilferage Detection

 Outage notification when fault  Pinpoint areas with high saturation

occurred at the DT or secondary of electricity theft through
circuit comparison of aggregated customer
meter data versus DT meter data 23
Internet of Things for SG
The Internet of Things (is changing the Energy
Sector & its added value chain)
Market forces require the transformation of the energy and utilities industry value chain

(1) Consumer role in energy management / conservation is increasingly important

(2) Aging assets but increased expectations for reliability and workforce productivity

(3) Changes driven by growth in renewable energy generation and distributed resources

(4) Increasing attention to climate change and environmental concerns

(5) Changing demand dynamics vs. pressure for reliability

The Internet of Things (is changing the Energy
Sector & its added value chain)
Intelligent Things enable new use cases while the utility sector develops new energy-related
services

Applying business analytics to data collected from smart meters and other devices in real time to
gain insights for better business decisions and automation is becoming paramount.

(1) Load Profiling

(2) Demand Response Program Evaluation
(3) Detection of Energy Theft
(4) Data Collection Analysis
(5) Grid Loss
(6) Event Tracking and Trending
(7) Modeling New Rate Programs
(8) Distribution Network Planning
(9) Outage Analysis
A Utility’s SG
Programs should
enable permanent
IoT customer
experience value
One System to rule them
all, One System to run
them; One System to
control them all and in
pricing bind them…
SG Network Technologies
 Intelligent System

Backhaul
Communication

Collector or
Smart Concentrator
Meter
Typical AMI System
Choice of Communication Network

Wired

(( ( ) ))

Wireless
Not really a love dilemma but a necessity today…
SG Roadmap
should define
the applications
& the expectations
for the comms
network
Example of communication network solution used by other countries in
support of their SG program

Source: MW Consulting (www.mwconsultingcorp.com)

Current strengths and weaknesses of different communication
network technologies
Path Loss Model Range Predictions
 -data collection engine
System Planner/ Analyst
-monitoring and management
Network -data analytics portal
Provider
DT w/ monitor Server

Asset Owner/ Manager

(Future integration
with other systems) Other Authorized User

On-call Crew Operations Center

Legend:
- Metering
-Outage Notification
Asset Management
• maps the health of your distribution transformer
• locates impending transformer failures
• identifies load balancing and power flow
• identifies voltage swell/sag and PQ problems
Outage Detection and Analysis
• expedites outage notification and restoration
• assist in planning of pre-arranged interruption
• minimizes SAIDI and unserved energy
Revenue Protection (used in conjunction with smart meters)
• detects theft and technical losses (when and how much)
• assists with meter-to-transformer mapping functions
• ensures meters are reading kWh accurately through AMI auditing

Others
• Support to Renewable Energy Integration
-identifies voltage swell/sag and PQ problems (optional); identifies load balancing and DT power flow (4 quadrant reading)
• Support to Demand Response
-Provides information on the peak demand reduction
• Support to Integrated Volt-Var Optimization
-Provides information on the near real time voltage of the secondary system
Smart Learnings
How do Smart Grid program drivers vary among different countries?

Source: MW Consulting (www.mwconsultingcorp.com)

How do Smart Grid program drivers vary among different countries?

Why do Smart Grid programs encounter difficulty in securing full-scale approval?

1. Company culture resistance to change
2. Lack of executive champion
3. Inability to quantify business case benefits and what AMI and Smart Grid means
4. Constant arrival of new network technologies and a hope these can overcome business case weakness

Source: MW Consulting (www.mwconsultingcorp.com)

5.1M
3.2M
0.84M
1.4M
4.6M
0.90M
10M+
2.0M
1.1M
7.2M
12M
1.3M
4.2M
1.0M
0.8M
27M
6M
5.3M
Source: http://cusp.nyu.edu/press/in-media/nyc-energy-use-report/
 PV Battery
Client Server

PCS

ESS Factory Office

SGS Building Building Building
Smart Grid Station

Multi Power Meter

Smart Outlet

KEPCO Power Smart Light

Receiving
(Grid) Room

Power Line
AMI Communication Line

Battery in Smart Grid Station

Multi Power Meter

Panel Board
Smart Grid Roadmap Examples

Source: MW Consulting (www.mwconsultingcorp.com)

The utility’s Key Success Factors are People, Processes, Plans and Methods.
1. Willingness to change and has the grit to be relevant in a rapidly evolving industry
2. Passionate Executive Champion
3. Trusted Core Team
4. Engaged Subject Matter Experts
5. Effective Plans
• Program Foundation reflecting the utility’s business needs
• Procurement reflects the Program’s Foundation that buys a Solution that will comply with the Contract
• Contract - clear, comprehensive, concise, KPIs
• Implementation and Operation & Maintenance
6. Implementation Team and Plan – stop the meetings, it’s time to execute the plans
7. Risk Management Plan
8. Support Team, e.g.,
• Steering Committee
• Business Process Owners
• Legal Team
• Regulatory Team
• Communication Team – internal and external stakeholders
• Human Resources
MW Consulting Copyright 2017 - Proprietary and Confidential
 Successful implementation requires meeting the goals involving 4 primary
stakeholders and multiple additional interested parties

1. Utility Key Result Area (KRA) Expectations

1. Accurate Vision
2. Implementable Strategy
3. Credible Business Case
4. Prudent Contract
5. Manageable Risk
6. Successful RFP
7. Effective Contract
8. Successful Implementation
9. Enabled Program Expansion
10. Meets Evolving Market Challenges
2. Customer KRA Expectations - VFM
3. Regulatory KRA Expectations - VFM
4. Supplier KRA Expectations

MW Consulting Copyright 2017 - Proprietary and Confidential 53

Roles of Stakeholders
Source: Smart Grids (Infrastructure, Technology, & Solutions) – CRC Press (edited by S. Borlase)
Key Assessment Criteria that differentiate fitting Smart Grid Solutions
Selecting the best Smart Grid Solution involves a detailed mapping of Functional
needs by application to technology capabilities, total life cost and all risk details
 SMART
GRID
Solutions

TECHNOLOGY

Does Technology
Support ALL
Functionalities?
 TECHNOLOGY
Defines the essential capabilities
underlying the expected
performance today and for
evolutionary needs
SMART
GRID
Solutions Hardware Software
Capabilities Capabilities

People
Capabilities
 TECHNOLOGY

Defines the essential capabilities

undelying the expected performance
today and for evolutionary needs

SMART
GRID
Solutions Does the technology
support ALL the critical
functionalities?
 FUNCTIONALITY
Capabilities needed to create the business case
projected benefits and enable expansion options

AMI
• Metering
SMART
Requirement
Specification
• Revenue Assurance
GRID
Solutions
DR
• Load Control
Requirement
Specification
• Price Response

DA • Outage Management
Requirement • Voltage Management
Specification • Switch Management
 SMART
GRID
Solutions

TECHNOLOGY

Does Technology Is the Risk Profile

Support ALL Acceptable?
Functionalities?
 There are several risks for each
solution being considered

SMART
GRID
Solutions Supplier Internal

Third
Party
 There are several risks for each
solution being considered

SMART

Is the Risk Profile

GRID
Solutions

Acceptable?
 SMART
GRID
Solutions

TECHNOLOGY COST

Does Technology Is the Risk Profile Is the Total Life

Support ALL Acceptable? Cost Less than
Functionalities? the Benefits?
 COST

Quantifies the Total Lifecycle Cost

(TLC) in terms of CAPEX, OPEX and
UPEX over the business case period

SMART
GRID
CapEx OpEx
Solutions
C Installed O Lifecycle

UpEx
U As Needed
 COST

Quantifies the Total Lifecycle Cost

(TLC) in terms of CAPEX, OPEX and
UPEX over the business case period

SMART

Is the Total Life

GRID
Solutions

Cost Less than

the Benefits?
 Capabilities needed to create the business case Quantifies the Total Lifecycle Cost (TLC) in terms of
projected benefits and enable expansion options CAPEX, OPEX and UPEX over the business case period
AMI DR DA CAPEX OPEX UPEX
Requirement Requirement Requirement Installed Life Cycle As Needed
Specification Specification Specification
Program Management Labor Testing
Metering Load Control Outage
Management
Hardware Operation Reprogram+Configure
Voltage
Revenue Assurance Price Response Management IT Licenses Maintenance Change Management
Switch
Management

Functionality SMART Cost

GRID
Technology Solutions Risk
Defines the essential capabilities undelying the Defines the 15 families of risk for each solution being
expected performance today and for evolutionary considered
needs
Hardware Software People
Supplier Internal 3rd Party
Capabilities Capabilities Capabilities

Network Interface Card Application Reprogrammability Supplier Credibility Project Management Organization Change

HES, MDMS, Apps Fault Tolerance Reconfigurability Technology Contract Schedule

Metrology Raw Net Data Rate Manufacturing Cost Regulatory

 How a Utility’s Value
SG Vision Collaborate Partner Best of Breed
Partnership
should advance with with with Competitive
Customers Customers Customers Business

Integrated
Enhance New
Customized Utility &
Operational Revenue
Services Customer
Excellence Offerings
Experience

Enhance Core Customer

Operational Satisfaction
Financial
Current
Processes Excellence Excellence Excellence
Utility Vision/
Core Uses Enhanced Users New Revenue Complexity
Customer/Utility Opportunities
Source: MW Consulting (www.mwconsultingcorp.com)
Smart Grid Insights from Meralco Experience

1. Develop a clear vision and business and technology

strategy
(customer and regulatory requirements , operating cost, system losses,
reliability)

2. Benchmark and scan available and emerging

technologies
(consider leap-frogging)

3. Develop medium- to long-term technology roadmap

(with consideration to process, people, technology and data)

4. Develop robust implementation plan with focus on

laying the critical foundations
GIS OMSComms Infra Substation SCADA  Feeder SCADA 
DMS  AMI

5. Maintain and sustain

 End of
SMART GRID D
Solutions