6/29/2023 Two Way Slab

According ACI 318

Structural Engineer Hanna Fawzy

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1- Introduction
This study aims to well understand the two-way slab behavior and
analysis and compare the analysis results from the ACI code
methods DDM or EFM with the finite element analysis results from
Etabs, to know more about how to judge results from Etab or safe
regarding the complex structural systems.

2- Two-way slab definition.

Two-way slabs are a form of construction unique to reinforced
concrete among the major structural materials. It is an efficient,
economical, and widely used structural system. In practice, two-
way slabs take various forms.
a- flat plates
Span 4.5-6.0 m

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b- Waffle slabs
Span 7.5-12.0 m

c- Flat slabs
Span 6.0-9.0m

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d- Two-way slab with beams

To understand the behavior of Flat slab and compare the results of

manual analysis and Finite element we will follow the following
Example.

Example 1.0

The shown flat slab is 3 spans in each direction with spans 5x6 for
each panel to fulfilling the Direct analysis method according to
ACI318-14 loaded with uniform Dead load =1.5KN/m2 and live load
=4.0KN/m2, column dimension 300x300 mm

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1- Check slab thickness for deflection

Fy=420MPA Ln=6.0-0.3=5.7
Ln/30=5700/30=190 mm <200 OK
2- According to DDM

Check DDM limits

a- Panel rectangularity 6/5=1.25 <2.0 OK

b- Slab has a minimum of three continuous slabs in each
direction OK
c- Successive span length does not differ by 0.333 Long spans
OK
d- Offset of columns by a maximum of 10 percent OK

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e- All loads are due gravity only and uniformly distributed over
the entire panel and Live loads do not exceed 2 Dead load
Dead load =O.W.+1.5KN/m2=25*0.2+1.5=6.5KN/m2
Live load =4.0 KN/m2
Live/Dead =4/6.5=0.615<2.0 OK

Accordingly, DDM could be applied

Interior panels
1- Calculate the ultimate BM for the short Direction
a- Calculate M0

ln=5.0-0.3*2=4.4

qu= 1.2x6.5+1.6x4 =14.2 KN/m2

14.2𝑥6𝑥4.72
𝑀0 = = 235.26 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
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2- Distribution of total Factored Moment

According to ACI-318-14 item 8.10.4

For an interior span, Mo should be distributed as follows:

a) Negative factored moment: 0.65
b) Positive factored moment: 0.35

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For Exterior panel should be distributed according the following

table.

0.52M0 0.35M0 0.52M0

0.26M0 0.26M0
0.70M0 0.70M0

122.3 122.3
82.337

61.2 61.2
164.67
164.67
5

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3- Distribute Factored Moment into columns Strip and middle

strips

Column Strip

Half middle Strip

Half middle Strip

Column Strip

Half middle Strip

Half middle Strip

Column Strip

Half middle Strip

Half middle Strip

Column Strip

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1-Interior strips at axis 2,3

Referring to ACI318-14 tables 8.10.5.1,8.10.5.2 and 8.10.5.5

73.4 73.4
49.5

61.2 61.2

124.0 124.0
48.9 48.9
33.0

41.25 41.25
73.4 49.5 73.4

61.2 61.2
124.0
124.0

Interior column and middle strips BM according DDM

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42.5

61.2 61.2

34.5

42.5

61.2 61.2

Interior column and middle strips BM according to Etabs

Important note as the slab is uniform and symmetry geometry

twisting moment is neglected

Comparing results between Etabs and DDM

Exterior Exterior Interior Interior

negative positive Mu negative Mu positive Mu
Mu
C.S 61.2 73.4 124.0 49.5
DDM

M.S 0.0 48.9 41.25 33.0

SUM 61.2 122.3 165.25 82.5
C.S 61.2 61.65 134.5 42.5
Etabs

M.S 0.0 64.65 35.95 34.5

SUM 61.2 126.3 170.45 77.0

Comparing the results according to the above table we can

recognize the following the follows:-

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1- The exterior positive C.S. BM according to DDM > Etabs about

20%
This is very important to note that Positive BM results from
the Finite element should be exceeded to cover the BM
redistribution at the supports.
2- The interior Negative C.S. BM according to Etabs > DDM about
8.5 %
3- Exterior positive M.S. BM according Etabs > DDM about 32%
We can note exterior span positive BM nearly equally
distributed between column strip and middle stripe according
Etabs model which differ than DDM according ACI table
8.10.5.5 which assumed 60% for Column strip and 40 %
middle strip
4- Total summation BM of C.S. and M.S. nearly equal of the
results of Etabs and DDM.

Structural Engineer Hanna Fawzy