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TB CH
TB CH
Answer: A
Topic: Cost of Capital
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2) For a firm that has both debt and equity in its capital structure, its financing cost can be
represented by the weighted average cost of capital that is computed by
A) weighing the pre-tax borrowing cost of the firm and the cost of equity capital, using the debt
as the weight.
B) weighing the after-tax borrowing cost of the firm and the cost of equity capital, using the debt
as the weight.
C) K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ (1 − τ)i
where:
K = weighted average cost of capital
Kl = cost of equity capital for a leveraged firm
i = before-tax borrowing cost
τ = marginal corporate income tax rate
λ = debt-to-total-market-value ratio
D) weighing the after-tax borrowing cost of the firm and the cost of equity capital, using the debt
as the weight. Additionally, this may be expressed as K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ(1 − τ)i
where:
K = weighted average cost of capital
Kl = cost of equity capital for a leveraged firm
i = before-tax borrowing cost
τ = marginal corporate income tax rate
λ = debt-to-total-market-value ratio
Answer: D
Topic: Cost of Capital
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3) In the notation of the book, K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ(1 − τ)i
Which of these is correct?
A) The debt-to-equity ratio is λ
B) The tax rate is τ
C) The after-tax cost of debt capital is i
D) all of the options
Answer: B
Topic: Cost of Capital
4) In the notation of the book, K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ(1 − τ)i ; which of the following is correct?
A) The debt-to-total market value ratio is λ
B) The tax rate is i
C) The after-tax cost of debt capital is i
D) all of the options
Answer: A
Topic: Cost of Capital
5) In the notation of the book, K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ(1 − τ)i ; which of the following is correct?
A) The debt-to-equity ratio is λ
B) The cost of equity capital for a levered firm is K
C) The pre-tax cost of debt capital is i
D) all of the options
Answer: C
Topic: Cost of Capital
6) In the notation of the book, K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ(1 − τ)i ; which of the following is correct?
A) The debt-to-equity ratio is λ
B) The cost of equity capital for a levered firm is Kl
C) The after-tax cost of debt capital is i
D) all of the options
Answer: B
Topic: Cost of Capital
7) In the notation of the book, K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ(1 − τ)i ; which of the following is correct?
A) The weighted average cost of capital for a levered firm is K
B) The tax rate is τ
C) The after-tax cost of debt capital is i
D) all of the options
Answer: A
Topic: Cost of Capital
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8) At the optimal capital structure,
A) K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ(1 − τ)i will be minimized.
B) The debt-equity ratio will be equal to the debt-to-value ratio.
C) K = (1 − λ)Kl + λ(1 − τ)i will be maximized.
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: A
Explanation: 0.0867 = 8.67% = (1 − (1/3)) (0.1060) + (1/3) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: B
Explanation: 0.0800 = 8% = (1 − 0.50) (0.112)) + 0.50 (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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11) Solve for the weighted average cost of capital.
Answer: C
Explanation: 0.0760 = 7.60% = (1 − (3/5)) (0.118) + (3/5) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0733 = 7.33% = (1 − (2/3)) (0.124) + (2/3) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0714 = 7.14% = (1 − (5/7)) (0.13) + (5/7) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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14) Solve for the weighted average cost of capital.
Answer: A
Explanation: 0.0700 = 7% = (1 − (3/4)) (0.136) + (3/4) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: B
Explanation: 0.0689 = 6.89% = (1 − (7/9)) (0.142) + (7/9) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: C
Explanation: 0.0673 = 6.73% = (1 − (9/11)) (0.154) + (9/11) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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17) Solve for the weighted average cost of capital.
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0667 = 6.67% = (1 − (5/6)) (0.16) + (5/6) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0657 = 6.57% = (1 − (6/7)) (0.172) + (6/7) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
10.60% = K1
1/3 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 8.67 percent
B) 8.00 percent
C) 7.60 percent
D) 7.33 percent
Answer: A
Explanation: 0.0867 = 8.67% = (1 − (1/3)) (0.106) + (1/3) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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20) Solve for the weighted average cost of capital.
11.20% = K1
1/2 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 8.67 percent
B) 8.00 percent
C) 7.60 percent
D) 7.33 percent
Answer: B
Explanation: 0.0800 = 8% = (1 − (1/2)) (0.112) + (1/2) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
11.80% = K1
3/5 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 8.67 percent
B) 8.00 percent
C) 7.60 percent
D) 7.33 percent
Answer: C
Explanation: 0.0760 = 7.60% = (1 − (3/5)) (0.118) + (3/5) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
12.40% = K1
2/3 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 8.67 percent
B) 8.00 percent
C) 7.60 percent
D) 7.33 percent
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0733 = 7.33% = (1 − (2/3)) (0.124) + (2/3) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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23) Solve for the weighted average cost of capital.
13.00% = K1
5/7 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 8.67 percent
B) 8.00 percent
C) 7.60 percent
D) 7.14 percent
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0714 = 7.14% = (1 − (5/7)) (0.13) + (5/7) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
13.60% = K1
3/4 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 7.00 percent
B) 6.89 percent
C) 6.73 percent
D) 6.67 percent
Answer: A
Explanation: 0.0700 = 7% = (1 − (3/4)) (0.136) + (3/4) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
14.20% = K1
7/9 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 7.00 percent
B) 6.89 percent
C) 6.73 percent
D) 6.67 percent
Answer: B
Explanation: 0.0689 = 6.89% = (1 − (7/9)) (0.142) + (7/9) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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26) Solve for the weighted average cost of capital.
15.40% = K1
9/11 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 7.00 percent
B) 6.89 percent
C) 6.73 percent
D) 6.67 percent
Answer: C
Explanation: 0.0673 = 6.73% = (1 − (9/11)) (0.154) + (9/11) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
16.00% = K1
5/6 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 7.00 percent
B) 6.89 percent
C) 6.73 percent
D) 6.67 percent
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0667 = 6.67% = (1 − (5/6)) (0.16) + (5/6) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
17.20% = K1
6/7 = λ
8.0% = i
40.0% = τ
A) 7.00 percent
B) 6.89 percent
C) 6.73 percent
D) 6.57 percent
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0657 = 6.57% = (1 − (6/7)) (0.172) + (6/7) (1 − 0.40) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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29) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 1/2.
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 3/5
D) 2/3
Answer: A
Explanation: DV = 1/(1 + 2) = 1/3
Topic: Cost of Capital
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30) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 3/5
D) 2/3
Answer: B
Explanation: DV = 1/(1 + 1) = 1/2
Topic: Cost of Capital
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31) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 1½.
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 3/5
D) 2/3
Answer: C
Explanation: DV = 3/(3 + 2) = 3/5
Topic: Cost of Capital
32) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 2.
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 3/5
D) 2/3
Answer: D
Explanation: DV = 2/(2 + 1) = 2/3
Topic: Cost of Capital
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33) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 2½.
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 3/5
D) 5/7
Answer: D
Explanation: DV = 5/(5 + 2) = 5/7
Topic: Cost of Capital
34) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 2½.
A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 3/5
D) 5/7
Answer: D
Explanation: DV = 5/(5 + 2) = 5/7
Topic: Cost of Capital
35) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 3.
A) 3/4
B) 7/9
C) 4/5
D) 9/11
Answer: A
Explanation: DV = 3/(3 + 1) = 3/4
Topic: Cost of Capital
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36) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 3½.
A) 3/4
B) 7/9
C) 4/5
D) 9/11
Answer: B
Explanation: 7/(7 + 2) = 7/9
Topic: Cost of Capital
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37) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 4.
A) 3/4
B) 7/9
C) 4/5
D) 9/11
Answer: C
Explanation: DV = 4/(4 + 1) = 4/5
Topic: Cost of Capital
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38) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 4½.
A) 3/4
B) 7/9
C) 4/5
D) 9/11
Answer: D
Explanation: 9/(9 + 2) = 9/11
Topic: Cost of Capital
39) Find the debt-to-value ratio for a firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 5.
A) 3/4
B) 7/9
C) 4/5
D) 5/6
Answer: D
Explanation: DV = 5/(5 + 1) = 5/6
Topic: Cost of Capital
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40) Find the debt-to-equity ratio for a firm with a debt-to-total-value ratio of 1/2.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: A
Explanation: Solve for equity = 1/(1 + X) = 1/2; X = 1; Thus debt-to-equity = 1/1 = 1
Topic: Cost of Capital
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41) Find the debt-to-equity ratio for a firm with a debt-to-total-value ratio of 2/3.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: B
Explanation: Solve for equity = 2/(2 + X) = 2/3; X = 1; Thus debt-to-equity = 2/1 = 2
Topic: Cost of Capital
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42) Find the debt-to-equity ratio for a firm with a debt-to-total-value ratio of 3/4
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: C
Explanation: Solve for equity = 3/(3 + X) = 3/4; X = 1; Thus debt-to-equity = 3/1 = 3
Topic: Cost of Capital
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43) Find the debt-to-equity ratio for a firm with a debt-to-total-value ratio of 4/5.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: D
Explanation: Solve for equity = 4/(4 + X) = 4/5; X = 1; Thus debt-to-equity = 4/1 = 4
Topic: Cost of Capital
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44) Find the debt-to-equity ratio for a firm with a debt-to-total-value ratio of 5/6.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Answer: D
Explanation: Solve for equity = 5/(5 + X) = 5/6; X = 1; Thus debt-to-equity = 5/1 = 5
Topic: Cost of Capital
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45) Corporations are becoming multinational not only in the scope of their business activities but
also in their capital structure(.)
A) by raising funds from domestic as well as government sources.
B) by raising funds from foreign as well as domestic sources.
C) This trend reflects not only a conscious effort on the part of firms to raise the cost of capital
by international sourcing of funds but also the ongoing liberalization and deregulation of
international financial markets that make them accessible for many firms.
D) by raising funds from foreign as well as domestic sources. This trend reflects not only a
conscious effort on the part of firms to raise the cost of capital by international sourcing of funds,
but also the ongoing liberalization and deregulation of international financial markets that make
them accessible for many firms.
Answer: B
Topic: Cost of Capital
46) Find the weighted average cost of capital for a firm that has a debt-to-equity ratio of 1½, a
tax rate of 34 percent, a levered cost of equity of 12 percent and an after-tax cost of debt of 8
percent.
A) 9.6 percent
B) 7.968 percent
C) 14 percent
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Explanation: If DE = 3/2, then DV = 3/(3 + 2) = 3/5; 0.0960 = 9.6% = (1 − (3/5)) (0.12) + (3/5)
(0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
47) Find the weighted average cost of capital for a firm that has a debt-to-equity ratio of 1½, a
tax rate of 34 percent, a levered cost of equity of 12 percent and a pre-tax cost of debt of 10
percent.
A) 9.6 percent
B) 7.968 percent
C) 8.76 percent
D) none of the options
Answer: C
Explanation: If DE = 3/2, then DV = 3/(3 + 2) = 3/5; 0.0876 = 8.76% = (1 − (3/5)) (0.12) + (3/5)
(1 − 0.34) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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48) Find the weighted average cost of capital for a firm that has a debt-to-equity ratio of 2, a tax
rate of 40 percent, a levered cost of equity of 12 percent and an after-tax cost of debt of 9
percent.
A) 7.6 percent
B) 7.968 percent
C) 10 percent
D) none of the options
Answer: C
Explanation: If DE = 2/1, then DV = 2/(2 + 1) = 2/3; 0.1000 = 10% = (1 − (2/3)) (0.12) + (2/3)
(0.09)
Topic: Cost of Capital
49) Find the weighted average cost of capital for a firm that has a debt-to-equity ratio of 2, a tax
rate of 40 percent, a levered cost of equity of 12 percent and a pre-tax cost of debt of 9 percent.
A) 7.6 percent
B) 7.968 percent
C) 10 percent
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Explanation: If DE = 2/1, then DV = 2/(2 + 1) = 2/3; 0.0760 = 7.6% = (1 − (2/3)) (0.12) + (2/3)
(1 − 0.40) (0.09)
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: D
Topic: Cost of Capital
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Answer: C
Topic: Cost of Capital
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52) A value-maximizing firm would
A) undertake an investment project as long as the IRR exceeds the NPV.
B) undertake an investment project as long as the IRR is less than the cost of capital.
C) undertake an investment project as long as the IRR exceeds the cost of capital.
D) none of the options
Answer: C
Topic: Cost of Capital
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Answer: C
Topic: Cost of Capital
54) The common stock of Kansas City Power and Light has a beta of 0.80. The Treasury bill rate
is 4 percent and the market risk premium is 8 percent. What is their cost of equity capital?
A) 12.0 percent
B) 10.4 percent
C) 7.20 percent
D) 6.4 percent
Answer: B
Explanation: 10.4% = 4% + 0.80 × 8%.
Topic: Cost of Capital
Answer: A
Topic: Cost of Capital
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56) Compute the debt-to-equity ratio for a firm that has a debt-to-value ratio of 60 percent.
A) 1/3
B) 2/5
C) 3/2
D) none of the options
Answer: C
Explanation: Solve for equity = 3/(3 + X) = 3/5; X = 2; Thus debt-to-equity = 3/2
Topic: Cost of Capital
57) Compute the debt-to-total-value ratio for a firm that has a debt-to-equity ratio of 2.
A) 1/3
B) 2/5
C) 3/2
D) 2/3
Answer: D
Explanation: DV = 2/(2 + 1) = 2/3
Topic: Cost of Capital
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58) Micro Spinoffs, Inc., issued 20-year debt one year ago today at par value with a coupon rate
of 9 percent, paid annually. Today, the debt is selling at $1,050. If the firm's tax rate is 34
percent, what is its after-tax cost of debt?
A) 9 percent
B) 8.46 percent
C) 5.94 percent
D) 5.58 percent
Answer: D
Explanation: Use the following inputs: N = 19; PV = −1,050; PMT = 90; FV = 1,000; This
yields I/YR = 8.46; 8.46 × (1 − 0.34) = 5.58%.
Topic: Cost of Capital
59) The firm's tax rate is 34 percent. The firm's pre-tax cost of debt is 8 percent; the firm's debt-
to-equity ratio is 4; the risk-free rate is 3 percent; the beta of the firm's common stock is 1.5; the
market risk premium is 9 percent. What is the firm's cost of equity capital?
A) 33.33 percent
B) 10.85 percent
C) 13.12 percent
D) 16.50 percent
Answer: D
Explanation: 16.5% = 3% + 1.5 × (9%)
Topic: Cost of Capital
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60) Systematic risk refers to
A) the diversifiable (company specific) risk of an asset.
B) the nondiversifiable (market) risk of an asset.
C) economic and political risk.
D) the risk that can be hedged.
Answer: B
Topic: Cost of Capital
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61) The firm's tax rate is 34 percent. The firm's pre-tax cost of debt is 8 percent; the firm's debt-
to-equity ratio is 4; the risk-free rate is 3 percent; the beta of the firm's common stock is 1.5; the
market risk premium is 9 percent. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital.
A) 33.33 percent
B) 8.09 percent
C) 9.02 percent
D) 16.5 percent
Answer: B
Explanation: 0.0809 = 8.09% = (1/4) (16.5% ) + (3/4) (1 − 0.34) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital
A) =
B) =
C) =
D) =
Answer: C
Topic: Cost of Capital
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63) In the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the term Beta, β, is
A) a measure of systematic risk inherent in a security.
B) calculated as the "covariance of future returns between a specific security and the market
portfolio" divided by the "variance of returns of the market portfolio."
C) a measure of systematic risk inherent in a security; calculated as the "covariance of future
returns between a specific security and the market portfolio" divided by the "variance of returns
of the market portfolio."
D) none of the options
Answer: C
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
64) Assume that XYZ Corporation is a levered company with the following information:
If XYZ's debt-to-total-market-value ratio is 40 percent, then its weighted average cost of capital,
K, is
A) 8 percent.
B) 9 percent.
C) 10 percent.
D) 12 percent.
Answer: C
Explanation: 0.1000 = 10% = (1 − 0.40) × (0.13) + (0.40) (1 − 0.30) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
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65) In the graph,
A) Kl and Kg represent, respectively, the cost of capital under international and local capital
structures; IRR represents the internal rate of return on investment projects; Il and Ig represent,
respectively, the optimal investment outlays under the alternative capital structures.
B) Kl and Kg represent, respectively, the cost of capital under local and international capital
structures; IRR represents the internal rate of return on investment projects; Il and Ig represent
the optimal investment outlays under the alternative capital structures.
C) both of the options
D) none of the options
Answer: B
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
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66) Suppose that the firm's cost of capital can be reduced from Kl under the local capital
structure to Kg under an internationalized capital structure. The take-away lesson from the graph
is that
A) the firm can then increase its profitable investment outlay from Il to Ig, contributing to the
firm's value.
B) a reduced cost of capital increases the firm's value not only through increased investments in
new projects but also through revaluation of the cash flows from existing projects.
C) Kl and Kg represent, respectively, the cost of capital under local and international capital
structures; IRR represents the internal rate of return on investment projects; Il and Ig represent
the optimal investment outlays under the alternative capital structures.
D) all of the options
Answer: A
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
67) For a firm confronted with a fixed schedule of possible new investments, any policy that
lowers the firm's cost of capital will increase the profitable capital expenditures the firm takes on
and increase the wealth of the firm's shareholders. One such policy is
A) internationalizing the firm's capital budgeting opportunities.
B) internationalizing the firm's cost of capital.
C) investing in riskier projects financed with debt.
D) none of the options
Answer: B
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
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68) For most countries and most firms, the domestic country beta
A) can be no lower than its world beta.
B) is normally much smaller than the world beta.
C) is normally much higher than the world beta.
D) is exactly equal to the world beta.
Answer: A
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
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69) Suppose the domestic U.S. beta of IBM is 1.0, that is = 1.0, and that the expected
return on the U.S. market portfolio is = 12 percent, and that the U.S. T-bill rate is 6
percent. If the world beta measure of IBM is = 0.80 then we can say
A) that if the U.S. markets are fully integrated with the rest of the world, IBM's cost of equity
capital would be 20 percent lower than if U.S. markets were segmented.
B) that if the U.S. markets are fully integrated with the rest of the world, IBM's cost of equity
capital would be 10 percent lower than if U.S. markets were segmented.
C) that if the U.S. markets are fully integrated with the rest of the world, IBM's cost of equity
capital would be one-third lower than if U.S. markets were segmented.
D) none of the options
Answer: B
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
70) Studies suggest that international capital markets are not segmented anymore
A) and are therefore fully integrated.
B) but are not as yet fully integrated.
C) so cross-listing of shares will not lower a firm's cost of capital.
D) none of the options
Answer: B
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
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71) Compute the domestic country beta of Stansfield Bicycles as well as its world beta.
Correlation Coefficients
Stansfield England World SD(%) %
Stansfield 1.00 0.90 0.60 20 ?
England 1.00 0.80 18 14
World 1.00 15 12
A) 1.00 and 0.80 respectively
B) 0.80 and 0.00 respectively
C) 4.50 and 4.00 respectively
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Explanation: 0.90 = X / [(0.202) × (0.182)]0.5; X = 0.0324; 0.0324 / 0.182 = 1. Next, 0.60 = X /
[(0.202) × (0.152)]05.; X = 0.018; 0.018 / 0.152 = 0.80.
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
72) Suppose that the British stock market is segmented from the rest of the world. Using the
CAPM and a risk-free rate of 5 percent, estimate the equity cost of capital for Stansfield.
Correlation Coefficients
Stansfield England World SD(%) %
Stansfield 1.00 0.90 0.60 20 ?
England 1.00 0.80 18 14
World 1.00 15 12
A) 14 percent
B) 12 percent
C) 9 percent
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Explanation: 0.90 = X / [(0.202) × (0.182)]0.5; X = 0.0324; 0.0324 / 0.182 = 1. Next, solve for
X: 14% = 5% + 1(X − 5%), where X = 14% / Thus, 14% = 5% + 1(14% − 5%).
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
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73) Suppose that the British stock market is integrated with the rest of the world and Stansfield
Company has made its shares tradable internationally via cross-listing on the NYSE. Using the
CAPM and a risk-free rate of 5 percent, estimate the equity cost of capital for Stansfield.
Correlation Coefficients
Stansfield England World SD(%) %
Stansfield 1.00 0.90 0.60 20 ?
England 1.00 0.80 18 14
World 1.00 15 12
A) 12 percent
B) 10.60 percent
C) 6.60 percent
D) None of the options
Answer: A
Explanation: 0.60 = X / [(0.202) × (0.152)]05.; X = 0.018; 0.018 / 0.152 = 0.80. Next, solve for
X: 12% = 5% + 1(X − 5%), where X = 12%. Thus, 10.60% = 5% + 0.80 (12% − 5%).
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
74) Assume that XYZ Corporation is a leveraged company with the following information:
If XYZ's debt-to-total-market-value ratio is 40 percent, then its weighted average cost of capital,
K, is:
A) 8 percent
B) 9 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 12 percent
Answer: C
Explanation: 0.1000 = 10% = (1 − 0.40) × (0.13) + (0.40) (1 − 0.30) (0.08)
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
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75) Assume that XYZ Corporation is a leveraged company with the following information:
Calculate the debt-to-total-market-value ratio that would result in XYZ having a weighted
average cost of capital of 9.3 percent.
A) 35 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 45 percent
D) 50 percent
Answer: D
Explanation: 0.0930 = (1 − X) (0.13) + X (1 − 0.30) (0.08); Solving for X = 50%
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
76) Assume that the risk-free rate of return is 4 percent, and the expected return on the market
portfolio is 10 percent. If the systematic risk inherent in the stock of ABC Corporation is 1.80,
using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) calculate the expected return of ABC.
A) 14.0 percent
B) 14.8 percent
C) 16.0 percent
D) 16.8 percent
Answer: B
Explanation: 0.0148 = 14.8% = 4% + 1.8 (10% − 4%)
Topic: Cost of Capital in Segmented versus Integrated Markets
77) In the real world, does the cost of capital differ among countries?
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
Topic: Does the Cost of Capital Differ among Countries?
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78) Recent studies suggest that agency costs of managerial discretion are lower in Japan than in
the United States. This suggests that
A) the cost of capital can be lower in Japan than the United States, but only if international
financial markets are not fully integrated.
B) the cost of capital can be lower in Japan than the United States, even if international financial
markets are fully integrated.
C) the cost of capital will be higher in Japan than the United States, even if international
financial markets are fully integrated.
D) none of the options
Answer: B
Topic: Does the Cost of Capital Differ among Countries?
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79) The following is an outline of certain potential benefits as well as costs associated with the
cross-border listings of stocks:
Which of the following represent all the potential benefits of the cross-border listings of stocks?
A) (i), (ii), and (iii)
B) (ii), (iv), and (vi)
C) (i), (iii), (v), and (vii)
D) (iv), (v), (vi), and (vii)
Answer: C
Topic: CASE APPLICATION: Novo Industri; Cross-Border Listings of Stocks; International
Finance in Practice: The U.S. Welcomes the Alien Invasion
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80) The following is an outline of certain potential benefits as well as costs associated with the
cross-border listings of stocks:
Which of the following represent all the potential costs of the cross-border listings of stocks?
A) (i), (ii), and (iii)
B) (ii), (iv), and (vi)
C) (i), (iii), (v), and (vii)
D) (iv), (v), (vi), and (vii)
Answer: B
Topic: CASE APPLICATION: Novo Industri; Cross-Border Listings of Stocks; International
Finance in Practice: The U.S. Welcomes the Alien Invasion
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Answer: D
Topic: Capital Asset Pricing under Cross-Listings
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82) Companies domiciled in countries with weak investor protection can reduce agency costs
between shareholders and management
A) by moving to a better county.
B) by listing their stocks in countries with strong investor protection.
C) by voluntarily complying with the provisions of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
D) having a press conference and promising to be nice to their investors.
Answer: B
Topic: Capital Asset Pricing under Cross-Listings
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83) Benetton, an Italian clothier, is listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
A) This decision provides their shareholders with a higher degree of protection than is available
in Italy.
B) This decision can be a signal of the company's commitment to shareholder rights.
C) This may make investors both in Italy and abroad more willing to provide capital and to
increase the value of the pre-existing shares.
D) all of the options
Answer: D
Topic: Capital Asset Pricing under Cross-Listings
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84) In the real world, many firms that have cross-listed their shares on the U.S. markets have
experienced a reduction in the cost of capital. This effect was greater for
A) Australian firms than for Canadian firms.
B) United States firms than for Mexican firms.
C) bonds than for stocks.
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Topic: Capital Asset Pricing under Cross-Listings
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Answer: B
Topic: Capital Asset Pricing under Cross-Listings
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Answer: A
Topic: The Effect of Foreign Equity Ownership Restrictions
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87) One likely effect of a company or government instituting foreign equity ownership
restrictions is
A) a decrease in domestic stock prices.
B) an increase in domestic stock prices.
C) a transfer of wealth from international shareholders to domestic shareholders.
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Topic: The Effect of Foreign Equity Ownership Restrictions
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Answer: D
Topic: Pricing-to-Market Phenomenon
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Answer: D
Topic: CASE APPLICATION: Nestle
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90) The majority of publicly traded Swiss corporations have up to three classes of common
stock:
1. Registered stock
2. Voting bearer stock
3. Nonvoting bearer stock
Until 1989, foreigners were not allowed to buy registered stocks. In the case of Nestlé this had
the effect of
A) distorting the prices of registered stock downward.
B) distorting the prices of registered stock upward.
C) this had no effect on prices.
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Topic: CASE APPLICATION: Nestle
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Answer: D
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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Answer: D
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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93) When the parent company is fully responsible for the subsidiary's obligations,
A) the independent financial structure of the subsidiary is irrelevant.
B) potential creditors will examine the parent's overall financial condition, not the subsidiary's.
C) the independent financial subsidiary can have the same capital structure as the parent.
D) all of the options
Answer: D
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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94) A recent study of MNCs suggests that when a foreign subsidiary's obligations cannot be met
with locally generated revenues,
A) parent firms bail out their subsidiaries regardless of circumstances.
B) that parent firms routinely allow subsidiaries to default.
C) most subsidiaries are financed almost entirely with banker's acceptances.
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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95) When the choice of financing a foreign subsidiary is between external debt and equity
financing
A) political risk considerations tend to favor the latter.
B) political risk considerations tend to favor the former.
C) political risk is separate from financial risk and so does not enter into a discussion of debt
equity ratios.
D) none of the options
Answer: B
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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96) When the choice of financing a foreign subsidiary is between external debt and equity
financing
A) many host governments tolerate the repatriation of funds in the form of interest much better
than dividends.
B) debt financing is generally secured from the World Bank, but only in developed countries.
C) many host governments tolerate the repatriation of funds in the form of dividends much better
than interest.
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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97) The parent company should decide the financing method for its own subsidiaries
A) with a view toward minimizing the parent's overall cost of capital.
B) by copying the norms of the host country.
C) with a view toward gaming the bankruptcy system of the host country.
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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98) The required return on equity for a levered firm is 10.60 percent. The debt to equity ratio is
1/2, the tax rate is 40 percent, the pre-tax cost of debt is 8 percent. Find the cost of capital if this
firm were financed entirely with equity.
A) 10 percent
B) 12 percent
C) 8.67 percent
D) none of the options
Answer: A
Explanation: 10.60 percent = X + 1/2 (X − 8) (1 − 0.40); X = 10 percent
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
99) The required return on equity for an all-equity firm is 10.0 percent. They are considering a
change in capital structure to a debt-to-equity ratio of 1/2, the tax rate is 40 percent, the pre-tax
cost of debt is 8 percent. Find the new cost of capital if this firm changes capital structure.
A) 14.93 percent
B) 8.67 percent
C) 7.40 percent
D) none of the options
Answer: B
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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100) The required return on equity for an all-equity firm is 10.0 percent. They currently have a
beta of one and the risk-free rate is 5 percent and the market risk premium is 5 percent. They are
considering a change in capital structure to a debt-to-equity ratio of 1/2, the tax rate is 40
percent, the pre-tax cost of debt is 8 percent. Find the beta if this firm changes capital structure.
A) 1.12 percent
B) 1 percent
C) 7.4 percent
D) none of the options
Answer: B
Topic: The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries
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