RIZAL'S

DEPORTATION
AND EXILE
What really happened?
INTRODUCTION

Jose Rizal’s exile and deportation

are big moments in his life and in
Philippine history. This tough period
not only changed Rizal, but also
made Filipino people to pursue
independence even more.
EXILE TO
DAPITAN

TRIAL AND
DEPORTATION

IMPACT AND
LEGACY
 EXILE TO DAPITAN
(JULY 17, 1892 - JULY 31, 1896)

July 17, 1892 - Rizal was exiled to Dapitan

Sent by the Spanish Authorities
Spent four years in exile

This four-year interregnum in his life was tediously unexciting, but

was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements.
 REASONS FOR EXILE
According to Zaide (2008), there were 4 reasons why
Rizal was deported to Dapitan.

1. The books and articles that Rizal had published abroad

showed “disloyalty to Spain” and were “anti-Catholic” and
“impudently anti-friar.”

2. Some hours after Rizal's arrival in Manila, a bundle of

handbills entitled “Pobres Frailes” or “Poor Friars” was
found in one of his packages. The leaflets satirized the
humble generosity of Filipinos, and published accusations
against the religious orders.
REASONS FOR EXILE
3. His novel “El Filibusterismo” was dedicated to
three “traitors” (Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora). On
the title page, he wrote that because of the vices
and errors in Spain's administration, the only
salvation for the Philippines is separation from the
mother country.

4. The end which Rizal pursues in his efforts and

writings is to tear away the treasures of Catholic
faith.
 THE BEGINNING
The boat which carried Rizal to Dapitan had a letter written by Father Pablo
Pastells to Father Pablo Obach. In this letter, Father Pastells tells his colleague
that Rizal would be allowed to live at the parish convent under the following
conditions:

‘Quarantine’ comes
1. “That Rizal publicly retract from
his errors the
concerning Italian
religion, and make
statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.
word ‘quaranta giomi’ meaning 40 days,
2. “That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past
the
life. length of time ships were isolated in

port,
3. “Thatwhen
henceforth suspected
he conduct himself in antoexemplary
carry disease.
manner as a Spanish
subject and a man of religion.”

Rizal of course, declined to meet any aforementioned conditions

 THE BEGINNING
Because he had refused the conditions, Rizal ended up
staying at the house of the commandant, Captain Carnicero.
Though one was warden and the other prisoner, the
‘Quarantine’ comes from the Italian
relationship between the two was warm and friendly.

word ‘quaranta
Through many meals atgiomi’ meaning
the same table, 40 days,
and friendly
conversations, the two built a mutual respect for one another.
theCarnicero
length ofto time
came ships
know Rizal was notwere isolated
a felon, and gave him a in
lot of freedoms. Rizal on the other hand admired the kind
port, when
Spanish suspected
captain, toa poem
and even wrote him carry oncedisease.
on his
birthday.
 RIZAL'S TIME IN DAPITAN
WINNING THE LOTTERY

In September of 1892, Rizal won P20,000 the Manila Lottery, of which he took
‘Quarantine’ comes from the Italian
P6,200. Fun fact: he was addicted to the lottery, and it is said that was his only vice.

word ‘quaranta
RIZAL-PASTELLES giomi’ meaning 40 days,
DEBATE ON RELIGION

the
Rizal andlength ofhas
Father Pastelles time ships
a long and scholarlywere
debate onisolated
religion. in
Pastelles wanted to win Rizal back to the fold of Catholicism, while Rizal expressed
port,
his when
own ideas. suspected
Despite being to carry
opponents in debate, the two weredisease.
friends and even
sent each other gifts.
 RIZAL'S TIME IN DAPITAN
RIZAL CHALLENGES A FRENCHMAN TO A DUEL

A French acquaintance of Rizal, Juan Lardet, made an unsavory comment about Rizal in one
of his letters due to some logs that he purchased from Rizal being of poor quality. Rizal,
‘Quarantine’ comes from the Italian
being a sensitive man, was infuriated by this, and challenged Lardet to a duel. Luckily for
Lardet, Cpt. Carnicero intervened, telling him he had no chance to win against Rizal, causing

word ‘quaranta giomi’ meaning 40 days,

the Frenchman to apologize instead.

ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR’S SPY

the length of time ships were isolated in
A spy of the friar’s who called himself “Pablo Mercado” offered his services to Rizal as a
port,
courier when
of writings suspected
to Manila. to carry
He also went around Dapitan, disease.
calling himself Rizal’s beloved
relative. This angered Rizal, who reported him. The succeeding investigation found that
“Panlo Mercado” was actually Florencio Namanan: a spy of the friars.
 RIZAL’S TIME IN DAPITAN
Despite the constraints of the exile, Rizal continued to live a
meaningful life by being involved in significant activities, such as:
Medical Practice
‘Quarantine’ comes
Agricultural Development from the Italian
word ‘quaranta
Educational giomi’ meaning 40 days,
Initiatives
Scientific Research
theCultural
length of time ships
and Social Activities
were isolated in
port, when suspected
Correspondence to carry disease.
and Advocacy
Philosophical Reflections
TRIAL AND DEPORTATION
A. Arrest and legal proceedings
Upon his return to the Philippines in 1892, he was
arrested by the Spanish government for being a
subversive due to his nationalist writings (guilty)
and for his reported involvement in the
revolutionary organization, Katipunan, labeling him
as part of the rebellion (acquitted). As a result, he
was sentenced to exile in Dapitan.
TRIAL AND DEPORTATION
B. Charges against Rizal.

1) Subversion and Sedition: Rizal's writings were considered

seditious and subversive by the Spanish authorities. These
novels depicted the injustices and abuses committed by
Spanish friars and colonial officials, and they fueled
nationalist sentiments among Filipinos. As a result, Rizal
was accused of promoting rebellion against Spanish rule.
TRIAL AND DEPORTATION
2) Conspiracy to Overthrow Spanish Rule: Although there is no
concrete evidence that Rizal actively participated in the
Katipunan's activities, his association with some members of the
‘Quarantine’ comes from the Italian
organization led to suspicions of his involvement in plans to
word ‘quaranta giomi’ meaning 40 days,
overthrow Spanish rule.

the
3) length
Religious of time
Offenses: ships of
Rizal's criticisms were isolated
the Catholic Church in
led to
accusations of blasphemy and heresy. His ideas challenging the
port, when suspected to carry disease.
authority of the Church and advocating for reforms within it were
viewed as threats to the established order.
TRIAL AND DEPORTATION
C. Decision and sentence

The trial of Rizal commenced on December 26, 1896.

Although Rizal was a civilian, he was tried by a military court
composed of alien military officers. The prosecuting
attorney urged the court to give the verdict of death to the
accused. Afterwards, Defense Counsel Andrade took the
floor. His admonition fell on deaf ears. The court found him
guilty and sentenced him to death.
 IMPACT AND LEGACY
A. Rizal’s Influence on the Independence Movement

José Rizal’s influence on the Philippine independence movement was

both far-reaching and versatile, embracing his roles as an educator,
political advocate, international networker, historical revisionist, and
leader of the Propaganda Movement.
As an educational reformer, Rizal firmly believed that education was the
key to empowering the Filipino people. His own education, which spanned
from Manila to the University of Madrid, equipped him with the
knowledge and skills to articulate the aspirations of his countrymen and
to envision a path towards their liberation.
 IMPACT AND LEGACY
In the political arena, Rizal advocated for peaceful reforms. He envisioned the
Philippines as an integrated province of Spain, with representation in the Spanish
Cortes. He called for the replacement of Spanish friars with Filipino priests,
freedom of assembly and expression, and equal rights for Filipinos and Spaniards
‘Quarantine’ comes from the Italian
under the law.
Rizal’s influence extended beyond the Philippines through his international
word ‘quaranta giomi’ meaning 40 days,
network. While in Europe, he connected with other Filipino expatriates and
European intellectuals, wrote articles for publications in Manila and abroad, and
the length of time ships were isolated in
urged Spanish authorities to implement reforms.
As a historical revisionist, Rizal challenged the colonial narrative by publishing an
port, when suspected to carry disease.
annotated edition of Antonio Morga’s “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.” This work
highlighted the rich culture and history of the Philippines prior to Spanish
colonization, fostering a sense of national pride among Filipinos.
 IMPACT AND LEGACY
As the leading figure of the Propaganda Movement, Rizal contributed
insightful articles to “La Solidaridad,” the movement’s newspaper
published in Barcelona. The movement sought peaceful reform and
served as the intellectual precursor to the armed revolution that
followed.

Despite his peaceful approach, Rizal’s reformist activities led to his

exile and arrest. He was exiled to Dapitan in northwest Mindanao,
where he continued his advocacy for change. Eventually, he was
implicated in the Katipunan-led uprising, arrested, and tried for
sedition by the military. Rizal’s execution on December 30, 1896,
became a unifying event for the Filipino people.
 IMPACT AND LEGACY
B. Martyrdom and Inspiration

Rizal's martyrdom is a cornerstone of Filipino history. His execution

by firing squad in Manila on December 30, 1896, at the age of 35,
created more opposition to Spanish rule. His death was not in vain, it
sparked a revolution to overthrow the tyranny he had so eloquently
opposed in his writings. The night before his execution, Rizal penned
"Mi Último Adiós" ("My Last Farewell"), a poignant poem that has
become a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse, encapsulating
his love for his country and his hope for its freedom.
 IMPACT AND LEGACY
His strategic opposition to Spanish
colonialism, emphasizing nonviolent tactics
and intellectual resistance, highlighted his role
in founding the Liga Filipina and his
subsequent exile to Dapitan. This period of
exile was a time of productivity for Rizal, where
he practiced medicine, engaged in farming and
horticulture, and continued his writing and
research.
 IMPACT AND LEGACY
C. Contemporary Relevance of Rizal’s Ideas

Today, Rizal's ideas about national identity, civic engagement,

‘Quarantine’ comes from the Italian

and education remain highly relevant. He envisioned a unified
Filipino identity, a concept that continues to inspire a sense
word ‘quaranta giomi’ meaning 40 days,
of national consciousness and encourages Filipinos to
celebrate their unique cultural heritage while embracing the
the length of time ships were isolated in
ties that bind them together. His writings are still analyzed by
students and professionals, and his life and works are a
port, when suspected to carry disease.
mandatory subject in Philippine education, underscoring his
lasting impact on Filipino society.
 IMPACT AND LEGACY

Rizal's legacy also serves as a reminder of the power of literature as

both social history and critique. His novels, which caused his death,
spurred an anti-colonial revolution and the birth of the first republic
in Asia. His life and works continue to be a source of inspiration for
those advocating for social justice and reform in the Philippines and
beyond.
 CONCLUSION
Rizal’s 4 year stay at Dapitan truly gives credit to the claim that he was Asia’s first
renaissance man. He was a physician, a teacher, a scientist, a philosopher, a
merchant. He established a school for boys, widened his linguistic knowledge,
continued his artistry and literary works, and so much more.

In Dapitan, Rizal was free to be happy. Though it was a somewhat humble life, he
had it all. A wife, a community that adored him and needed him, he was unable to
have the happiness he desired. If Rizal reflects anything Filipino about that, right
or wrong, we love our freedom. And at the risk of misusing our freedom, we
choose it like a purpose. That is why communism or dictatorship will have no
place in our nation and those who attempt to take us there will miserably fail.
 CONCLUSION
Rizal chose to return to Manila and fight for his nation’s freedom instead of simply
living and enjoying his own personal freedom. He knew that he would be risking
his life by doing so, but he returned nonetheless.

Rizal was truly a man like no other. A man showered with talent, and flourishing
with skill in so many areas, who fully utilized his skills to be able to make a
difference wherever he went. He was a man who first and foremost put others
before himself.

Yes, he was not perfect. He was prideful, quick to anger, and some mighteven say
arrogant. But even then, he was a hero through and through.
IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING THIS ASPECT OF RIZAL’S LIFE IN PH HISTORY

Impact of Little Things:

Manifests heroism in small acts that create significant impacts.

Emphasizes how Rizal touched the hearts and minds of people through his
actions.

Guiding Principles:

Rizal's ideas on national identity, civic engagement, peaceful resistance,

and education continue to guide the nation.
thank you