Sand Control

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OH α/β Gravel Packing Basics
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Learning Objectives

▪ OHGP techniques used

▪ Keys to a successful job d . 8
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▪ Challenges in OH GP s re 28 - J
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▪ Alfa-Beta Packing Mechanism r
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▪ Equilibrium velocity models E
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▪ Design Basics pyr r Vale
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OHGP Techniques Practiced
Low viscosity carrier fluid High viscosity carrier fluid
▪ Fast gravel settling is a desired trait. ▪ Slow gravel settling d . 8 is a desired trait
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▪ α/β Packing ▪ Alternative s e flow 1,path technologies
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▪ α/α Packing ts ay 2 liner

– hPre-drilled
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Keys to a successful job

▪ Good return rates (low fluid loss)

– Filter cake must stay intact during entire placement operation . 8
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– Must stay below fracturing pressure r v
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▪ Relatively uniform hole h s
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– Large wash outs can cause unstable l
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nwave heights.
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▪ Good control of gravel concentration
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Challenges in Open Hole Gravel Packing

▪ Reactive Shales
– Oil Based Drilling (covered in detail later) . 8
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– Water Based Drilling e rv n 1, 2
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• Shale Inhibition while Gravel Packing s
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• Two-Trip (Predrilled Liner) Approach ll nc
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– To minimize exposure time of shales toxT .
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Challenges in Openhole Gravel Packing
▪ Filtercake Lift-Off
– Due to swabbing with tool movements etc. . 8
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– May be a problem if Open Hole was displaced to SOLIDS-FREE r v
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– Very first documented problem (SPE 48976,htBP aGOM) s y
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Solution: Anti-Swab Service Tools maintainingl
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 Managing Filter Cake Clean Up
▪ Filter Cake Clean sometimes required for HZ-OHGP’s
– Necessary for injection wells where production prior to injection . 8 or exceeding
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frac pressure is undesirable rv
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▪ Most operators prefer to do this post pack h s
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– Spotting of fluids inside of screens (MudSOLV l
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– Squeezing of fluids into selectiveNEouard -
packed intervals (ADS system)
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Alpha-Beta Packing Mechanism

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High Leakoff Zones

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Basis of Equilibrium Velocity Models

7 Parameters d . 8
▪ Veq  Veq(dp , ρp ,rv,eρ,, μ 20,D,g)
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▪ 4 Dimensionless Ratios
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▪ 5 constants to determine Vh t ay
i g eq
r nVce -  a a a a
M Π0  a0Π11 Π22 Π33 Π44
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▪ Matching with experiments .
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▪ o p for ρp = proppant density
DP = proppant diameter,
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▪  = proppant volume
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od fraction, ρ = fluid density
▪ μ = fluid viscosity, D = pipe diameter
▪ g = gravity constant

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Geometry & Solution Procedure
H= Dune Height
A= Open Flow Area
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s e unDiameter
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D=Equivalent
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Open h s ay 2 Area
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p or Veq = Veq (D, ….)
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P rod Q = Veq * A
SPE 31147
i.e., H = H (Q)

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Typical Pressure Response

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Surface treating pressure (psi)

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Annular

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Slurry r i g e-M
Alpha wave: slurry transport
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stage r a
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Beta wave:
o
C ed for Slurry at toe
gravel packing
uc from toe to heel
od of well
Pr Displacement
stage

Treatment duration (min)

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Simulation – the key to A/B Packing

▪ Accurate placement modeling is the key to successful AquaPac HZ-

OHGPs . 8
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▪ Failure to correctly model increases the incidence r v
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▪ SandCADE for HZ-OHGP model available h s
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▪ Modeling is an aid to experienceT. Aau, F r a

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– Don’t let it become a computer N game
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– Complete the DEE cycle
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Some Design Basics

▪ Low Gravel Concentration: 1 ppa or less.

▪ Alpha wave height target: ~ 75% of OH d . 8
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▪ Reducing friction is often key to success rese- Jun 1,
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▪ Use only the rate you need. i g
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▪ Use the correct washpipe sizexT - Pau
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▪ Be aware of extra friction
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– Return flow metersp Va
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– Washpipe gauges od
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– Risers
– Chokes on the surface

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 Any Questions?

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