Chapter 3: Every Interactions shape us; how do
everyday life and relationship mold our realities?
Phenomenology
Promote an understanding of the relationship
between states of individual consciousness and
social life.
Rationalization: it examines the concept of social
reality in order to explain further the formation
and nature of social institution (FREEGS, Family,
Religion, Education, Economy, Groups and
State) the ultimate source of all meaning and
value is the lived experience of human beings
(Everyday Life)
Rationalization: centers on how particular
individuals and groups comprehend the word in
which they live.
Derived from the Greek word phainomenon – it is
about perceiving and analyzing an observable
occurrence.
Rationalization: common examples of natural
phenomena include lightning, earthquake,
tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes etc.)
Rationalization: What appears in human
consciousness, thereby, understanding from the
point of view of the experienced individual.
Phenomenological analysis offers a unique mode
of thinking because it attempts to document
human experience as they are perceived by
humans in the level of their consciousness, as if
they can be objectively studied. Objective
meaning, to help others make a good decisions
and judgements.
Rationalization: ex. Survey, interviews etc.
interviewing families and parents, talking to
kinds, and looking for patterns in our daily lives.
The Enigma of Human Action
Enigma – perception, mind, senses known as
‘theory of mind’
Human Action - actions that are performed
deliberately and consciously by humans using
their intellect and will.
Rationalization: This is how we use our thinking
to solve and provide specific solution for the
problems. Human actions are concrete, physical,
and empirical phenomena (Observable, seasonal
patterns something that exists and can be seen,
felt, and tasted. Sensory, the use of different
senses to interact and socialize. Realistic, those
social phenomena that exist in our society e.g
divorce, racism, social movement).
Rationalization: Human action is subjective
experience meaning intact, meaningful, and
experiential understanding of both the emotional
and cognitive impact in how they understand and
interpret an event.
Rationalization: Society seems to be real only
because there are humans who actively
participated in it. Human are the social actors to
transform the society (Social Progress, Human
action, Equal rights, Freedom and Peace).
Human experience is largely subjective
Rationalization: subjective meaning, everything
we do contribute something to have a heathy
society that are free form any hazard. This is
about investigating what people realy think about
the situation in which they actively participate.
E.g., human activities which includes our patterns
and structures and language.
Social phenomena are perceived by human
consciousness, this state is also known as
‘practical consciousness’ it becomes their
‘lifeworld’ where many things transpire, involving
how people deal with others and the world.
Rationalization: Practical consciousness, people
become aware of what they are doing using their
knowledge and senses. It is ability that
individuals use to find a more optimal fit between
themselves and the demands of the environment
through adapting, shaping, or selecting a new
environment in the pursuit of personally valued
goals.
Immanuel Kant – appearance is in the mind,
mental states of subjects.
One of the central enlightenment thinkers, age of
reason liberal mind. His theory includes
‘transcendental idealism’ which emphasizes a
distinction between what we can experience (the
natural, observable world) and what we cannot
(“supersensible” objects such as God and the
soul). It includes the following:
Noumena – realm of thought, transcends human
experience.
Rationalization: constitute reality. Reality that
inevitably exist in one society. it is our
participation to address the crisis. It is our partial
perspective based on what can be experienced.
Phenomena – realm of the human concepts of
time.
Rationalization: it is our observation on how to
extend help to out community or society. It is our
partial perspective on what can be observed.
Wilhelm Hegel – developed a dialectical scheme
that emphasized the progress of history and the
human. His theory includes ‘phenomenology of
spirit’
Rationalization: the relationship between self and
others is the fundamental characteristics of
human awareness and activity.
Edmund Husserl – the founder of
phenomenology, life of the living human subject –
a return to the concrete and lived human
experience.
Rationalization: lived experience from out daily
living is the ultimate source to gave a meaningful
life.
Note: Read and internalized the important ideas
of different phenomenologist
All social phenomena make sense only in how
the human consciousness – practical
consciousness – perceives it.
Phenomenology is the study about an individual
makes sense of his surroundings. It has also
given valuable insights into the role of culture in
shaping of the mind to explain the world around
the individuals.
Rationalization: culture is a bout who we are,
how we define ourselves and how we make
meaning of the world around us. informs
everything we do. Culture arises from the
community... it encompasses our entire mode of
life, our ethics, our institutions, our manners and
our routines, not only interpreting our world but
shaping it.
Symbolic Interactionism
States that the meaning we ascribe to object,
processes, ideas, concepts, and systems are
subjective.
Symbol – something that represents an object,
emotion, process in the real world. E.g., Cow is a
symbol for a four-legged bovine.
Interaction – how the meaning of a symbols is
interpreted and modified through social
interaction.
Rationalization: it focuses on the way we act or Rationalization: relies heavily on the concept of
make conscious choices regarding our behavior rationality, which individuals doing, choosing, and
that poceed from how we interpret specific selecting the most cost-beneficial method of
situations. Meaning, we are social actors and coming up with the most benefit, and getting
must adjust our behavior based on the actions of results that would serve his or her goals and
other participants. pursuit in life. Rational choice theory, also sees
society as the creation of individuals interacting
Pragmatism philosophy – ideology of man is true
with one another – only that when they interact,
if it works satisfactorily.
they strive to get the most out of their limited
Charles Sanders Peirce the father of resources and given capacities in order to
pragmatism. maximize the benefits that he or she may get.
Rationalization: experienced from the society or
even education should about life and growth.
Note: Read and internalized the important ideas
That includes practical learning, which focuses
of chapter 4.
on the real-world applications, and experiential
learning, which involves learning through
experience not through simple ideas.
Society as the sum total of all interactions as
humans, including the interactions and activities
that we engage. Culture is shaping what would
be the basis of social interactions (language)
which plays a central role in the interaction of this
social construction (the foundation every society
to have a well-developed and organically
connected system.
Rationalization: it includes our culture, language
we use, human activities, behavior and pattern.
Symbolic interactionist believe that society is not
a static entity that appears before the individual,
but it is the actors that carry out the roles and
laws. The idea of having a society is at all
possible because of active individuals carrying
out their respective scripts and roles, all striving
to live out everyday events, respond to
challenges and resolve practical problems in life.
Mura rakog suko, pero love tamo. Ayie, puyo!
Rational choice Pag study na.
Individuals use their self interest to make choices -sirdenzy-
that will provide them with the greatest benefit.