BAA1432

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

ELEMENTS IN BUILDING STRUCTURE

SUPERSTRUCTURE
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

• At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

1. Explain the types of superstructure used in
building construction which beam, slab and
column.
COLUMN
 INTRODUCTION

• vertical load-bearing elements which are

normally loaded in compression.
• The structural/functional problem is quite
simple - the forces collected by the beam
must be transferred from the beam to the
column →are mainly subjected to axial
forces.
• Basically, the function is to support the weight
of the roof and/or the upper floors.
 INTRODUCTION (Cont’)

• Can be made of wood, steel, masonry, and reinforced

concrete and other material
• Concrete column reinforced with longitudinal reinforcing bars
the most common type used in concrete building
TYPES OF COLUMN IN CONSTRUCTION
 CONSTRUCTION OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COLUMN
REMOVAL OF TOPSOIL
 REINFORCEMENT USED FOR COLUMN
CONSTRUCTION

Source: https://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/1644/Cement-Concrete-1644-Column-Frame-Structure-Building_0
 FORMWORK USED FOR COLUMN
CONSTRUCTION

Source: https://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/1644/Cement-Concrete-1644-Column-Frame-Structure-Building_0
FORMWORK USED FOR COLUMN
CONSTRUCTION
 REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN

Source: https://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/1644/Cement-Concrete-1644-Column-Frame-Structure-Building_0
FAILURE & CAUSES OF
EFFECT
 CAUSES OF COLUMN FAILURE

• Wood deflects and has elastic properties that

diminish as the wood dries out & ages.
• Wood losses in strength due to severe damage
by termites
• Steel has great tensile strength but little
elasticity, and fails rapidly under heat.
• Concrete is great in compression but has little
or no tensile strength or elasticity.
COLUMN FAILURE MODE
 CRUSHING

• Extremely short thick columns are most likely

to fail in simple compressive crushing
• Every building material can withstand a
distinct amount of compressive stress before
it crushes.
• This value has been determined by lab tests
and is known as the compressive strength of a
material.
➢ Crushing of column
 BUCKLING

• Relatively slender columns are more apt to fail

by buckling.
• A column is slender when it has a "small"
cross-section compared to its effective length.
➢ Buckled steel column

➢ Buckling of RC column