Cmsnjill Dong Dien Khong Doi - Dien TRD: Donq F I N Khonq Otfi

B6i duBng hQC sinh gioi Vgl ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
2mx _ mgx
y = Vo
qE qE
D O N Q f > I ^ N K H O N Q Otf I
' qE V qE
CmsnJilL DONG DIEN KHONG DOI - DIEN TRd
\2
2mgxy , 2mxv„
<=> y +
2
+
mg
X = '0 .1 DINH LUAT OM CHO DOAN MACH
qE vqEy qE
mg ,2 , ,.2 2m O .T6M TAT K I E N THirc !^

O + y'+—(gy-v^)x = o (3) A
qE I. pong di$n khong do'i ^ - ^ Y < = ® — >
- V a n toe cua qua cau: V = Jv^ + Vy = If qE^' t2+(Vo-gt)2

m
1. Dong d i ^ n : Dong dien la dong chuyen dcJi c6 hu'dng cua cac hat mang dien.
Chieu cua dong dien diTdc quy \idc la chieu chuyen dong cua cac dien tich
di/dng (ngi/dc vdi chieu chuyen dong cua cac electron trong k i m loai).
qE
= > V = t ' - 2 g V o t + v^ (4) 2. CiJfcfng dv dong d i ^ n : Cu'cfng do dong dien la dai li/dng dac tri/ng cho tinh
"manh", "ye'u" ciia dong dien va dUdc do bang dien liTdng tai qua mot tie't
qE .2 ^ 2_., „ ..2 gVo dien cua day dan trong mot ddn vi thdi gian: I = —
= > V =
+ g t - 2gVot + VQ=^ V,„in <z> V „,i„ => t =
^m^ At
qE
V d i dong dien khong ddi thi: I = —.
- Thay gia trj t vao (4) ta diTdc:

II. Di^n trd - D j n h Iu§t 6m cho do^n mach
qE' g^V^
1. D i ^ n t r d
+g
qE' - Di^n trd ciia day ddn kim loai hinh tru: R = p — ( p la dien trcl suat; / la
qE + g S
chieu d a i ; S la tiet dien).
~ Di^n trd phu thuQc vao nhiet do: R = Ro(l + a t) hay p = p^Cl + a t ) .
qE qE
Vmin — V o = : > Vn,i„ = (Ro la dien trd day dan d 0°C; R 1^ dien trd day dan d t°C; v d i k i m loai
2 2
qE P > 0, v d i cha't dien phan p < 0).
+g
2- D|nh lufit 6m cho doan m^ch (di$n trd): I = — .

V a y : Phi/cJng trinh quy dao cua qua cau la R
/ ^
mg ^' G h e p cac di§n trd
x^ + y^ + — ( g y - v^)x = 0 ; van toe ciTc tieu cua qua cau la
vqEy qE " Ghep noi tiep: ^î,
I = I , = I2 = . . . = I„; U = U , + U2 + . . . + U „ ; R = R i + R2 + . . . + R n . '
S£=Lv„ dat du-dc tai thdi d i e m t = ^ . Ghep xonf; song:
^/q^^ + mV 'qE^
I = I , + l2 + . . . + I n ; U = U , = U2 = . . . = U „ ; ^ = ; ^ + - ? - + . . . + - ^
R R, R, R„
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Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vigt
Si duang hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, t j p 1 - M g u y i n Phu D6ng
Bien doi mach hinh sao thanh mach tarn giac:

• Chuy:
U R - Ril^2
- Vdi doan mach noi tiep: R > Ri; —^ = ^ (chia the, ti 1? thuan). ^'2 ~ Rj+Rj+Rj
'^j • ' • ......
I. Rj R1R3
Ri3 =
- Vdi doan mach song song: R < RJ; — = — (chia dong, ti le nghich). R1+R2+R3
I. R,
" R,+R.+R,
B . NHtnNQ C H U Y K H I GlAl B A I T A P
Bien doi mach tam giac thanh mach hinh sao:
1. De tinh ciTdng do dong dien trong doan mach, hieu dien the' hai dau doan
mach dien trd c6 the diTa vao:. , <. r , , R, - R , 2 + R | 3 + -
R23
v - Cong thufc dinh nghla cu'dng dp dong dien (I = —); djnh luat 6m (I = H)
R^lR^
! t R
- Tinh chat cua doan mach noi tiep, song song. Rl3
- Cac bai toan "chia the'" (doan mach noi tiep), "chia dong" (doan mach R-iiRa
song song). ^3 - ^ 3 l " ' " ^ 3 2 ' ^ ' ^'
R12
2. Khi tinh toan dien trd can chu y:
+ Cac doan mach cd so' dien trd v6 cung nhieu: Luc nay dien trd tiTPng dUdng
- Cong ihdc djnh luat 6m (R = — ) ; cong thufc R = p - , cong thufc R = cua mach se khong phu thupc vao so liTdng mac xich nen cd the coi dien trd
tifdng du'dng ciJa ca mach (n mic xich) bang dien trd ti/Png diTPng cua mach
Ro(l + a t ) .
gom (n-1) miCc xich: R n = R n _ i , ivt do tinh diTdc R „ .
- Tinh cha't cua doan mach noi tiep, song song.
- Cdc bai toan "chia the" (doan mach noi tie'p), "chia dong" (doan mach C . C A C B A I T A P \h DONG DIEN KHONG D6I - D I E N TRd - DINH
song song). LUAT 6M CHO DOAN MACH
j5j - Cac quy tac tinh "fi/^n trd tucmg ducfng" do'i vdi cac mach dien trd ghep 1. DONG D I E N K H O N G D O I
vdinhau: ; S.l. Mot dong dien khong doi cd I = 4,8A chay qua mot day kim loai tiet dien
+ Cac quy tdc bie'n doi tumg ducmg: thdngS= I c m l T i n h :
• Chap cac nut c6 ciing dien the (thi/dng vdi doan mach c6 R = 0) hoac tach
3) So' electron qua tiet dien thang cua day trong Is. '
'tf mot nut thanh nhieu nut cd ciing dien the.
^) Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hifdng cua electron. ' '
• Chap cac nut doi xiJng nhau qua mot true (mach dien ph^ng) hoac moi
Biet mat do electron tu" do n = 3.10^% •\ „
mat phSng (mach dien khong gian) qua dau ra - vao cua mach dien (vi co
Bai giai ,
cijng dien the); tach mot niit llwnh nhieu niit thi cac niit nay phai nam doi
So electron qua tiet dien thang ciia day trong Is al-, i-n
xiJug nhau qua mot true (mach dien ph^ng) hoac mot mat ph^ng (niat^h
T ' T q "6 It 4,8.1 . , _i9
dien khong gian) qua dau ra - vao cua mach dien. Taco:I=- =— = > n = — =— • = 3.10 t- - '
• Bo qua doan mach khong cd dong dien di qua (doan mach cd dien trd f''' t t e 1,6.10 ''^
Idn). Vay: So'electron qua tiet dien thSng cua day trong Is la n = 3.10".
+ Cac phep Men doi m(jtch hinh sao thanh much tarn gidc hoac mach tarn gi^'^ Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hudng cua electron
ihanh much hinh sao: Ta cd: Mat dp dong dien: i = — = nqv
S
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m
B6i duSng hgc sinh gi6i V^t ly 11, t|ip 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng — — Cty TNHH MTV DWHJ<hang Vijt
4,8 :hieu cua I , I , , I3 diTdc cho nhu' hinh. Tim cirdng dp dong dien va hieu dien
=> V = = 10 ^ m/s = 0,01 mm/s.
-4 | t h e tren moi vat dan con lai. Cho biet cac diem tren cung mot day dan se c6
nqS 3.102^1,6.10"'^10
•cDng dien the.
Vay Van toe trung binh cua chuyen dong dinh hifdng cua electron la v = 0,01 mm/s,
Bai giai '9^^ ^ *. ,
5.2. Trong khoang thdi gian 10s, dong dien qua day dan tSng deu tCr Ii = 1A de'n
|Mach dien diTdc ve lai nhu'sau:
I : = 4A. Tinh cuTdng do dong dien trung binh va dien liTdng qua day trong thdi I M 'J I
heo tinh chat cua doan mach no'i liep,
gian tren.
(1)
jng song:
Bai giai (3)
•3
r a c d : U A B = 1 2 V ; UAM = 8 V .
(2)
CiTcJng dp dong dien trung binh: I = - ^ - ^ = — j - ^ 2,5 A I = 6 A; 1| = 3 A; 13 = 5 A. M
A = N B
• I2 = l 3 - I , = 5 - 3 = 2 A . 14)
Dien lifdng qua day trong thdi gian tren: q = It = 2,5.10 = 25 C.
i I4 = I -13 = 6 - 5 = 1 A.
5.3. Tu phang khong khi c6 ban ciTc hinh vuong canh a = 20cm, khoang each
"" UNM = UAM = 8 V ; U N B = U A B = 1 2 V ; U M B = UAB - U A M = 1 2 - 8=4 V.
d = 2mm, no'i vdi nguon U = 500V. Du'a mot ta'm thuy tinh c6 chieu day
2. D I E N T R 6 Tl/OfNG Dl/OfNG
d' = 2mm, h^ng so dien moi e = 9 vao tu vdi van toe khong ddi v = lOcm/s.
5.5. Mot tu phang, chat dien moi giiJa hai ban tu c6 hang so dien moi 8 va dien
Tim cU'dng dp dong dien trong mach trong thdi gian du'a tam dien moi vao tu.
trd suat p. Dien dung cua tu la C. Tinh dien trcf cua dien moi giiJa hai ban tu.
Cu'dng dp nay c6 thay doi trong thdi gian noi tren khong?
Bai giai v M ft r
Bai giai
Ta c6:
- Dien dung cua tu trU'dc khi du'a tam thuy tinh vao:
eS + Dien trd ciia dien moi: R = p - (1)
C= S
k.47t d k.47i d k.47t d
sS
- Dien dung cua tu khi diâ tam thuy tinh c6 be day d' = d vao: + Dien dung cua tu ph^ng: C = (2)
k.47id
eS 9S 9a^
C = + Khoang each giiTa 2 ban tu dien bang chieu dai dien trd cua tu di?n: d = /.
k.47: d k.47t d k.47t d • Tir(2)suyra: - = i = - ± - (3)
Quang dirdng diTa tam thuy tinh vao tu: s = a. S S 4nkC
s H 20 1 10,-9
Thdi gian diTa tam thuy tinh vao tu: At = - = - = — = 2 s. • The'(3) vao (1), ta diTdc: R = = ^ . Vdi =
47tk.C C ° 4:Tk 36n
Aq U(C'-C)
Cirdng d6 dong dien trong mach: I = — =
At At V$y: Dien trd cua dien moi giffa hai ban tu la R = "^^ '
C
U.8a' 8.500.0,2'
1 = = = 3,54.10~''A. Hai day dan, khi mdc noi tiep cd dien trd Idn gap 6,25 Ian khi mic song
k.4jid.At 9.10^.471.2.10"^2
song. Tinh ti so dien trd cua hai day.
- V i tam thiiy tinh chuyen dong deu nen I khong doi.
Bai giai
Vay: Cirdng dp dong dien trong mach l i I = 3,54.10"^ A = const.
5.4. Bon valt dan di/dc noi bSng Tac6:R,+R^=:6^5.-5l%-o(R,+R,)'-6,25R,R '=0 ^'^^
R,+R2 \ ^/ 1 2
(1) (4) B
cac day dan nhif hinh ve. Biet
UAB = 12V; UAM = 8 V ; I = 6A;
ZJ-rL— H4:
N Rf+2R,R2+R^-6,25R,R2 =0 o Rf-4,25R,R2+ R ^ - 0
1 ii
I , = 3A; I3 = 5A. <=>(R,-2,125R2f-(l,875R2f » R,-2.125R2 = 1,875R2

(3)
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Bfli (iKong hoc sinh gi6! Vat ly 1 1 , tap 1 - Nguyen PhCi B6ng
j _ 9 . Co hai loai dien trd Ri = 3Q, R2 = 5Q. H o i phai can m o i loai may cdi de khi
^ R , =4R2 (loaigiatriam) =>—- = 4. ghdp no'i tie'p, chung c6 dien trd tUdng dUdng la 55Q?
R2
B a i giai
Rl ^
Gpi X la so dien t r d R i , y la so dien trd R2 can diing: x, y nguyen, dUdng.
Vay. T i so d i ? n t r d cua hai day la — - 4 .
D i e n trd tUdng dUdng khi he ghep noi tiep: Ru, = 3x + 5y = 55
5.7. Day dan c6 dien trd R = 144Q. Phai cat day ra bao nhieu doan bKng nhau d | 55-3x
khi m^c cac doan do song song nhau, dien trd tiTdng diTdng la 4Q? = > y = - y — = ll-0,6x , ;
Uai giai _ V i y nguyen, du'dng nen: 11 - 0 , 6 x > 0 => x < !8,3 .
+ x = 0 = > y = 11 •
D i e n t r d ciia m o i doan day sau khi cat la: Ro = — •
n + x = 5=>y =8
+ x=10^y =5 ; •
D i e n trd tiTcfng diTdng cua n doan day gio'ng nhau mic song song 1^:
R + x = 1 5 = > y = 2.
R, - I Rl io i _r Rz ^ = ^ n = ^ — =6.
Vay: Co 4 phiTdng a n chon cac dien trd R i , R2 de khi ghep noi tiep dien trd
" n ^R,d V4 tiTdng du'dng cua chung la 55 Q g o m :
V a y : Phai cat day dan thanh 6 doan bhng nhau.
+ mach gom 11 dien trd R2 ghep noi tie'p. ; .v,
5.8. Ba dien t r d R, = I Q , R2 = 2Q, R3 = 3Q. H o i c6 bao nhieu each m^c cac die
+ mach gom 5 dien trd Rj va 8 dien trd R2 ghep noi tiep. r s
trd nay v d i nhau? T i m dien t r d tiTdng diTdng trong m o i tri/dng hdp.
+ mach gom 10 dien trd R\a 5 dien trd R2 ghep noi tie'p. h
B a i giai
+ mach g o m 15 dien trd R, va 2 dien trd R2 ghep noi tiep.
Cac each m^c 3 dien t r d R,, R2, R 3 la:
5.10. Ba dien trd R,, R2, R3 diTdc mac theo sd
- [ R l nt R2nt R 3 ] : R,d = R i + R2 + R 3 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6Q.
do ben. B i e t khi doi cho cac dien trd, ta c6 I ' ' ^
- [ R , / / R 2 / / R 3 ] : _ L ^ J - + - L + -L = i + l + i = i!- ^ R _ ^ = A « 0 , 5 5 Q . the tao du'dc cac mach eo dien trd 2,5Q; ~
R,j R, R2 R3 1 2 3 6 11
4Q;4,5a
TinhR|,R2,R3.
- [R, nt (R2// R3)]: R,d = R. + - 1+ = 2,2Q.
R2+R3 2+ 3 B a i giai
V i vai tro ciia R i , R2, R3 nhif nhau nen gia siif cae each mic eo dien trd ti/dng
dufdng tu-dng ilng la:
[(R. nt R2) // R3]: R.. = =2,5 (1)

- [R2 nt (R, // R 3 ) ] : R,d = R2 + =2+ = 2,75f2. Rj +R2 +R3
R,+R3 1 +3
[(R, nt R3) // R2]: R,a = f ' ^y-^'

R, + R 2 + R 3
=4 (2)
r, R2 + R , + R 3 2+1 +3
R R 12 [(R2 nt R3) // R,]: R „ = t.^-^^^ = 4,5 (3)

- [ R 3 nt (R, // R2)]: R,d = R 3 + „ ' ^ = 3 + • — « 3,67Q. Rj + R 2 + R 3
K j + K2 I+
TCr (1) o R , R 3 + R2R3 = 2,5.(R, + R2 + R 3 ) (4)
Ttr (2) o R,R2 + R2R3 = 4.(R, + R2 + R 3 ) (5)
R3+R,+R2 3+ 1 +2
; Tir (3) o R,R2 + R , R 3 = 4,5.(Ri + Rj + R 3 ) (6)
V a y : Co 8 each m^c 3 dien t r d R2, R i , R3 nhiTtren.
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61 doeng hpc sinh
sin gi6i Vjt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ngj Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann Vi$t
_ L a y ( 5 ) - ( 4 ) ^ R , R 2 - R | R 3 = 1 , 5 . ( R | + R 2 + R3) (7)
1 R ( ) | « l + RQ2a2
_ Lay (7) + (6) => 2R,R2 = 6.(R, + R2 + R,) - ^ ;-.M R = (Ro, + R02) (2)
•^01 +''^02
R,R2 = 3 . ( R , + R 2 + R 3 ) (8)
RniCt,
_ Thay (8) vao (5) => R2R3 = R, + R2 + R3 ~ (9)
_ T h a y ( 8 ) v a o ( 6 ) = ^ R , R 3 = l , 5 ( R | + R 2 + R3)(10)
a (I) va (2) suy ra: a = Ry, + R 0 2
[,) Khi mac song song:

- La'y(8)chia(9): ^ = 3=^R3=^ (11)
^_ R1R2 _ R„,(l + a , t ) . R o 2 ( l + « 2 t )
R,+R2 Ro,(l + a,t) + R o 2 ( l + a 2 t )
_ La'y(10)chia(9): • ^ = I , 5 ^ R 2 ' (12)
R2 1.5 ^R= Roi-Ro2(l + a i t ) ( l + a 2 t ) ^ R01.R02 (l + ait)(l + a2t)
Ro, + R„2 + Ro.ait + Rozttjt) Ro, + ^ 0 2 ' , ^ R o , a , + R o 2 a 2 ^
_ Thay(ll)va(12)vao(8),tadircfc:R,.^ = 3 . ( R , + ^ + ^)
^ 0 1 + ^^02
1,5 ' 1 , 5 3
_ Vdi a i , a2 « 1 , ta cd cac cong thiJc gan dung:
=:>R,=4,5.(l + j ^ + l) = 9 Q ; R 2 = ^ = - ^ = 6 Q ; R 3 = ^ = | = 3Q. 1 + e
(l + e , ) ( l + e 2 ) ~ l + E , + £ 2 ; l-«l + 8,-82
1 "I" 6-.*
Vay: Gia tri cua cac dien trd la 3 Q ; 6 Q va 9 Q .
!
5 . 1 1 . T i m he so nhiet dien trd cua day dan biet d nhiet do ti = 20°C, day c6 dien nen (1 + a,t)(l + a j t ) a 1 + ( a , + a , ) t U
trd R| = IOOQ; d nhiet dp tj = 2400°C, day c6 dien trd Rj = 200Q. 1 + (a, + a 2 ) t Ro,a, + R „02
â
1 +(a, + a 2 - "-2 )t«l + ^ 0 1 ^ 2 + R()2"l
B a i giai "<'• 1 + :^0!"L.:^^^02"2 RQ, + R02 Ro, + R 0 2
_ CJ nhiet d o t , : R , - R „ ( i + a t , ) 0 1 0 0 = Ro{l + a.20) (]) ^ 0 1 + ''^02 lit'"' y* •c-:; O'!; K. £ 1 i
_ 6 nhiet dp t2: R2 = R o ( 1 + ^ 2 ) 0 200 = RQ(l + a.240O) (2) =^R=.,Ai:^ (3)
Ro, + R02 ^01+^^02
_ Lay (2) chia (1) ta diTPc: 2 = ' ^ ^'^^^^
l + 20a ,
- Tir(l)va (3)suyra: g ^ ^Q''^^+Ro2«i
<:>2 + 40a = I + 2400a 2360a = 1 a = 4,24.10^(do"'). ^01 + ^ 0 2
Vay: He so nhiet dien trd cua cha't lam day dan la a = 4,24.10"'(dp~'). Vay: He so nhiet dien trd chung ciia hai day khi chiing m^c noi tiep la
5.12. Hai day dan c6 he so nhiet d i e n t r d a,, a j d 0°C c6 dien trd Roi, Ro2- T'"^
he so nhiet dien t r d chung cua hai day khi chiing mac: ^ ^"^"^ khi Chung ma-c song song la a - ^ ^ ^ ^ « ^ " '
^01 + ^ 0 2 Ro, + R 0 2
a) Noi tiep. b) Song song.
B a i giai ^•13. M o t thanh than ( p , =4.10^'^Qm; a , = - 0 , 8 . 1 0 '^K ') va mot thanh sa't
_ Dien trd cua hai day d a i v d nhiet dp t: R, = Ro,(l + a,t); R2 = Ro2(I+ a j t ) . (p2 = l , 2 . 1 0 ~ ^ Q m ; a 2 = 6 . 1 0 " - ' ' K ' ' ) cung tiet dien, mac noi tiep. T i m t i so
(vdi a|t, a2t « 1) chieu dai hai thanh de dien trd cua mach khong phu thupc nhiet dp.
_ Gpi Ro la dien trd chung cua hai day dan d 0"C; a la he so nhiet dien ir*^
B a i giai
chung cua hai day dan. D i e n trd chung ciia hai day dan d nhiet dp t Ijk:
Eîen trd ciia thanh than va thanh silt d nhiet dp t: * ' '
R = Ro(|+at) (1)
^ i = Ro,(l + a , t ) ; R2 = Ro2(l + " 2 0
a) Khi mdc noi tiep: R = R, + R2 = Roi(l + a,t) + RQJCI + a2t)
^ h i hai thanh ma'c noi tiep thi dien trd tifdng diTdng cua hai thanh la:
=> R = (Ro, + R02) + (Roia, + Ro2a2)t
^ = Ri + R2 = (Roi + R02) + (Roia, + Ro2a2)t
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B6i diSng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Kh :,:„ viet
- De R khong phu thuoc vao nhiet do thi: ( R o i a , + Ro2a2) =0 => RoiCti = - Ro2a2
Bai giai
Ma: Roi = P, I; Ro2 = P2 I ^ Pi - ^ - " i = - P 2 ~-^2

Vi 1.6 = 2.3 =^ Mach cau can
bSng nen diem C chap diem D.
1
Vi 3.4 = 2.6 => Mach cau can
D
6 U
b^ng nen diem M chap diem N .
Pjttj 1 A-5 A O 1 A-3
4.10"\0,8.10 400 44
Ivlach dien du'dc ve lai nhUsau:
Vay: De dien trd cua mach khong phu thuoc vao nhiet do thi ti so chieu dai
hai thanh phai bang — « — .

I2 44
5.14. C6 mot so dien trd giong nhau, moi dien trd c6 gia tri R = \2Q. Tim so
>1
c M,N
rH h-j
D B
dien trd it nhaft va each m^c de c6 dien trd tu'dng diTdng hhng 7,5Q. -CZH
Bai giai 12Q
- De CO dien trd 7,5Q phai mac song 1 [_
song vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd X •— P
, 1 1 1 1.2
X = 20Q X 3.6
ma: — + — = —
X 12 7,5
Ta c6: RAC = = 2Q.
i2Q l-f2 = 3 " ' ^ ^ = 3 + 6
- De CO dien trd 20Q phai mac noi tiep
vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd Y ma: «— RAM - T" + 2 — —Q ; RMB - -—7 - •
3 3 2+4 3
Y + 12 = 20=^ Y = 8Q -CD—C3- RAP = 2 + 2 = 4Q.
- De CO dien trd 8Q phai mic song song 12Q Y
=> RAM-RPB = RAP-RMB => mach cau can bhng.
vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd Z ma: I2Q Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu" sau:
R•AM
- +— = -=>Z-24Q _ 12Q
^R,n= ^ A M RAP ^ RMB-RPB
R•MB
Z 12 8 • A
RAM + R A P RMB RpB B
- De CO dien trd 24Q phai mac noi tiep
IA
12Q
, vdi dien trd 12Q mot dien trd 12Q nffa. 1.2
R•AP RiPB
Vay: So dien trd toi thieu la 5 dien trd va du'dc mac nhiT sau: = 2,4Q.
i2Q - 4 J.2
^4y: Dien trd tiTdng diTdng cua mach dien la RAB = 2 , 4 Q .

M: -c \2Q ^ • l ^ - Cdc dien trd trong mach c6 sd do
12Q "hir hinh ben deu c6 cung gia tri R .
12Q 12Q
^ n h dien trd giila hai nut A va B.
5.15. Co 12 dien trd diTdc ghep
Bai giai
thanh mach nhiT hinh ve. Cac gia
% c h dien diTdc ve lai nhiT sau:
tn du'dc cho b^ng 6m (Q). Tinh
dien trd tu'dng difdng cua mach ^'?n trd tu'dng di/dng cua dien trd 1, 2, 4: R124 = -
dien.
'^1 trd tiTdng diTdng cua dien trd 1, 2, 3, 4:
B6i dOBng hoc sinh gioi V j t ly 11. 15p 1 - Nguyen Phu Dong Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
R ^ _ 4R
R1234 ~ y R A N B = ^ A K I 5 = 7+>' + 7 = 2r
- D i e n trd tiTdng dufcJng cua doan mach A B : R R 2r _

p i e n trd tUdng di/dng cua doan mach A B : R^g - — A N B ^ AKB ' 2 ~^
4
RAB —
-CZH b) Hinh 2:
4R ^ p o a n mach C M va C N , M P va PN, N B va
R
_
3 4R 3^4R A M , A P va BP doi xu'ng nhau qua true CP nen
RAR —
4R 3 "7" 7 dong dien qua cac doan mach doi xufng se
+ R
b i n g nhau va c6 chieu nhu" hinh ve. V i vay ta
4R CO the nha nut P ma khong lam thay doi dong
V a y : D i e n trd giffa hai niit A , B la RAB -
dien qua cac doan mach.
5 . 1 7 . Cho mach dien nhiTcac hinh sau. D i e n trd m 6 i doan la r. T i m dien trd toan _ Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach M C N :
mach trong m o i hinh. y B 1 1 1 1 ^ 2r__r
R MCN 2r r 2r 4~2
_ Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach A C B :
'ÂCB = + ^MCN " y " ^'^"^
- Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua ca doan mach A B :

A B A
^ 2,5r.2r _ IQr
Bai giai
^^•~2,5r + 2 r ~ 9 '
a) Hinh 1:
c) Hrnh 3:
- Ta thay A M va A H , M N va H K , NP va KQ, B
- VI l i do doi xu'ng, ta nha Q D B/^
PB va Q B , M O va H O , OP va OQ doi xurng
cac nut nhiT hinh ve:
vdi nhau qua true quay A nen dong dien p F
qua cac doan mach doi xu'ng se bang nhau
va CO chieu nh\i hinh ve. C N
- V i vay ta c6 the nha nut O ma khong lam

A E M
thay doi dong dien qua cac doan mach:
Mach dien se tiTdng du'dng:
- V i dien trd m o i doan bhng nhau nen doan
mach M N P O va H K Q O la mach cau can
bang nen cu'dng dp dong dien qua N O va
K O bang khong. -CZH
- D i e n trd ti/dng difdng cua doan mach R EF
B
MP, HQ:RMP = R H Q = y = r r
r r
-CZh
- D i e n trd tiTdng dU"dng cua doan mach A N B , A K B : HZU- r r
•-CZHIZH 137
dii8ng hgc sinh gidi Vat ly 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
+ D i e n trcf tiTcfng du"cJng cua doan C D : R C D = 4r. r +R
p i e n trd tiTdng diTdng cua doan O1O2: R^^^^ = R^^^ + R^^^ = 2 = r + R.
+ D i e n tret tiTdng diTcfng ciia nufa phia tren:
Rr.,..3r 4r.3r 26
R, = r + —+r=r+- •+r=• Ta c6: R = ^ = 1,57r => R ^ „ = r + 1,57r = 2 , 5 7 r . '
RcD+3r 4r + 3r
Vay: D i ? " l\i(ing dUdng cua mach la Roj02 2'^^'''

+ D i e n trd tiTdng dU'dng c u a toan m a c h : R ^ g = ^ ^ = ^ y - .
^ TUtMM tu, ban doc hay tinh dien trd ciia mach dien
d) H i n h 4 :
sau khi dong dien di vao d tam mot vong tron va d i ra
- V i l i do d o i xuTng c u a m a c h , ta c h a p c d c nut: B , D , A ' ; C, B ' , D ' .
d tam mot vong tron khac.
D (Ketciud: R = l,lr).
C
C,B',D' 5.19. M o t mach dien c6 5 nut. Giffa hai nut baft k i nao cung deu c6 m^c mot dien
trd r. Tinh d i e n trd tu'dng duTdng ciia mach neu dong d i e n d i vao v^ d i ra tai
D
B,D,A hai niit bat k i . X e t tri/dng hdp tdng quat mach c6 N niit.
B
Bai giai
Gia suf dong dien vao nut 1 va ra niit 2: (5)
- D i e n t r d ti/dng du'dng cua doan A B : RAB = - •
_ Khi giffa cac cap niit 3 va 4, 3 va 5, 4 va 5
•j ( j )
- D i e n trcf ti/'dng du'dng cua doan BC: RBC = — • c6 dien trd r thi cu'dng do dong dien van
6
khdng qua cac dien t r d nay v i cau can . (V
- D i e n trd tu'dng du'dng cija loan mach: R , =— +— +- - —. bkng. M a c h d i e n dU'dc ve l a i nhu" sau:
AC 3 6 3 6 - Dien trd tuTdng diTdng cua toan mach:
(1) (2)
5 . 1 8 . Cho mach dien nhiT hinh, day c6 tie't dien deu,
dien trd cua doan day c6 chieu dai bang ban kinh R ~ r 2r 2r 2r ~ 2r " 5"
vong tron la r. D o n g d i e n di vao d tam mot vong 2r
- Neu mach c6 N nUt thi: R =^
tron va d i ra cl tam mot vong tron khac. Tinh dien N
trd ciia mach. 5.20. Cho mach dien nhii hinh Ri Ri R.
Bai giai ben R , = 0,4Q; R2 = 8Q, so T R

R: R2
Goi r la dien t r d ciia ban kinh, R la dien trd cua 1/4 durdng tr6n. 6 dien trd la v6 tan.
- M a c h d i e n dU'dc ve l a i nhiT sau: Tim dien trd tUdng diTdng B, I X
cfia mach.
B a i giai
V i mach dien dai v6 han hen doan mach tif C D trd di tifdng diTdng v d i ca
3oan mach A B .
Goi R la tiTdng du'dng cua doan mach
Ri RI
( R = RAB = R C D ) : A
- D o a n mach O i E va EO2 la mach cau can b^ng.
r +R R = R,
R,R
1 _ _ -0,4 + 8R
R;
t R2 R,
- D i e n t r d tu'dng diTdng cua cac doan O i E , EO2: R Q ^ ^ = R ^ Q J = R2 + R 8 +R
T T T
138 139
Boi duSng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 1 1 , tap 1 - Nguyen Phil D6ng Cty TMHH MTV DVVH_t<hann Vi$t
3 p O A N M A C H N O I T I E P , SONG SONG
^ 8R + R^ = 3 , 2 + 8,4R=>R^ - 0 , 4 R - 3 , 2 = 0
gj3. Cuon day dong ( p = l,75.10"'*Qm ) c6 n = 1000 vong, diTdng kinh m 5 i vong
= > R = 2 Q ; R ' = - | Q (loai).
1^ d = 6cm. M a t dp dong dien cho phep qua cuon day i = 2 A / m m l T i m hieu
Vay: D i e n trd ti/dng diTdng cua mach la R = 2Q. dien the Idn nha't C O the dat vao cuon day.
5.21. M a c h dien cafu tao bang B a i giai
cac dien trd r nhiThinh ve. CU'dng dp dong dien cho phep qua cuon day: I = iS = 2.10^7lr^. '
Phai mac them vao C D 2. ' J- J* „ ^ nnd nrtd
Dien trd cua cuon day dong: R = p — = p =:p . ^ "
dien t r d R bao nhieu de S S Tir"
dien t r d tiTdng diTdng cua B

Hieu dien the Idn nhat dat vao cuon day: U,™x = I R = 2.10^ j i r ^ p — .
mach A B khong phu thuoc 7ir^
vao so'6 dien trd?
tI
=> U,„ax = 2.10^1,75.10'. 1000.71.0,06 « 6,6 V .
B a i giai Vay: H i e u dien the Idn nhat c6 the dat vao cuon day la U„,ax « 6,6 V .
- D o mach dien dai v6 han nen doan mach tif M N trd d i tUdng du'dng vdi ca 5.24. Doan mach g o m 4 doan day cung dp dai, ciing l a m bang mot cha't, dien
doan mach A B . tich tiet dien: S i = I m m ^ S 2 = 2 m m ^ S3 = 3mm^; S 4 = 4 m m l Bo'n doan day
- G o i R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach:
mac no'i tiep vao nguon U = lOOV.
(2r + R)r 2r^ + Rr
I 1^
R = Tinh hieu dien the tren m o i doan day. '>'
2r + R + r 3r + R B a i giai
<=> R2 + 2 r R - 2 r ^ = 0
^ R = r(V3-l); B Dien trd cua doan l : R i = p — ; dien trd cua doan 2: R2 =p — .

N
R = -r(V3 + l ) < 0 ( l o a i ) .
Vay: D e RAB khong phu thuoc vao so 6 dien trd phai mac them vao C D dien Dien trd cua doan 3: R 3 = p —
S3 ; dien • 4: R 4 = p' s- ',
• trd cua doan
trdR = r(V3-l). Dien trd tu'dng dufdng cua doan mach:
5.22. Cho doan mach g o m n dien trd R, = I f i ; R 2 = ; R„ = - Q mac R = R, + R 2 + R3 + R4= p/( —+ — + -1+ -L).
2 n S, S2 S3 S^
song song. T i m dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach.

Ctfdng do dong dien qua mach: I = — = H .
B a i giai R 1 1 1 1,
T a c o : — = • - + — + ... + — = 1 + 2 + ... + n p/( —+ — + — + — )
I—r
R R, R 2 s s s s
Hieu dien the giffa hai dau doan 1: i'.' * ^
1
n(n + l )
R, R2 u, = iR, = !^ = y "
=>R = B I I S, S2 S3 S4 Sj Sj S3 S4 -
n(n + l ) « '
=.U,= [»« . 4 8 V .
Vay: D i e n trd tu'dng duTdng cua mach la R =
n(n + l )
10"^ 2.10"^ 3.10"^ 4.10"^
141
14©: I
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhanqVigt
Hieu dien the' giffa hai dau doan 2: U2 = IR2 - - ^ + [R,//R2]:Rs = U

c .1 1 1 1 R.+R^ I
Sj S3 S4
Vi S2 = 2 S , = > U 2 = - ^ = — = 2 4 V . (1)
u«.*u.. R,+R2 10
2 2 U
+ [RintR2]:R„ = Ri + R 2 = — .
n
12
Hieu dien the'giiJa hai dau doan 3: (2)
r => R, +R, = =5
' 2 2,4
(3)
(4)
^s s s <? Thay (2) vao (1) ta du-dc: R,R2 = 1,2.5 = 6
^2 TiT ( 2 ) suy ra: R2 = 5 - R,
R , =3Q R 2 =2Q
Hieu dien the giffa hai dau doan 4: o R f -(4)5 Rvao
Thay 6 =ta0:diTdc: R|.(5 - Ri) = 6
, + (3)
=2Q' -3a
U4 = IR4= = ^ = 12 V . R, R2
o . 1 1 1 1X 4 Vay: Co hai gia tri ciia Ri va R2 la

S^C — + — + — + — ) (R, = 3 Q ; R 2 = 2 Q ) h o a c ( R i = 2 Q ; R2 = 3 Q ) .
Sj S 2 S3 S4
Vay: Hieu dien the giffa hai dau cac doan day la U , = 48 V; U2 = 24 V; U3 = 5.27. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R, = 12Q,
R2 = 15Q, R3 = 5Q, cu-dng dp qua mach • - R, B
16 V va U 4 = 12 V.
5.25. Von ke V diTcJc m^c vao mach dien c6 U = 220V. Khi m^c noi tiep V vdi chinh I = 2A. K :
R, = 15kQ thi V chi U , = 70V. Khi m^c noi tiep V vdi R2 tM V chi U2 = 20V. Tim cu'dng do dong dien qua tifng dien trd. R3
Tinh Rz. Bai giai

Baigiai . @ . Dien trd tiTdng di/dng cua R2 va R3: R23 = R2 + R3 = 15 + 5 = 20Q.
Hieu dien the giiJa hai dau von ke khi mac vdi R|: Dien trd tifdng d^dng cua doan mach AB: RAB = — ' = —'• = 7,5Q.
IT 220
Uv =I,Rv = — R v « 70 = . R v = > R v = 7000Q. Rj + R23 12 + 20
. ^1 ' ^ R i + R y 15000 + Rv ^
Hieu dien the' giffa hai dau von ke' khi m^c vdi R2: Hieu dien the giiJa hai dau doan mach AB: UAB = IRAB = 2.7,5 = 15V.
20
Cirdng do dong dien qua dien trd R,: I, = = — = 1,25A.
Rj 12 ,
Vay: Gia trj cua R2 \h R2 = 7 0 k Q . '
5.26. Hai dien tret R,, R2 mic vao hieu dien the U = 12V. Lan dau Rj, R2 'H'^' Cirdng do dong dien qua dien trd R 2 , R 3 : l 2 = I j = ^ ^ = — = 0.75A. .
song song, dong dien mach chinh Is = lOA. Lan sau Ri, R2 m^c noi tiep, doHr R23 20
dien trong mach !„ = 2,4A. Tim Ri, R2. Vay: CiTdng do dong dien qua cac dien trd la Ii = 1,25A; I2 = I3 = 0,75A.
Bai giai 5-28. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve. Biet UMN = 18V, -CD-ciTdng do d6ng dien qua R2 la
Dien trd tUdng dUdng cua doan mach khi: I2 = 2A. Tim:
R2
N
Ri ne'u R2 = 6n, R 3 = 3n. ^ ' ^ I
RsneuR, = 3 Q , R 2 = l a M R3
142 ^) R2 ne'u R, = 5Q, R 3 = 3Q. 143

Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi§t
Boi dUQng hgc sinli gioi Vai !y 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = U - Uvi = 180-60 = 120V.

B a i giai
a) Ta c6: . ' + Cffdng dp dong dien qua R2: I2 = — = -^^^ = 0,04A .
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = I2R2 = 2.6 = 12V. , Rj 3000
(Ta thay I2 Ii nen von ke c6 dien trd R^, hffu han).
CirSng do dong dien qua R3:13 - — = — = 4 A . '''^ • * 1^
+ Cffdng dp dong dien qua Rv: Ivi =h - Ii = 0 , 0 4 - 0 , 0 3 = 0,01 A . (
•v/ ,„ ....
to U 60
Circfng do dong dien qua R,; I , = I2 + I3 = 2 + 4 = 6 A .
, D i e n trd cua von k e : Rv = — ^ = = 6000i^.
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R i : U i = U M N - U2 = 18 - 12 = 6 V . ^ I v i 0,01
U, 6 { ^ i von ke' mac song song vdi R2:
D i e n trd cua R,: R, = — = - = l Q . •
I, 6 ^ Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua toan mach:
b) Ta c6:
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R j : U2 = I2R2 = 2.1 = 2V. Rj+Ry 3000 + 6000
H i e u dien the giffa hai d a u R , : U , = U M N - = 18-2 = 16V.

+ Cffdng do dong dien qua R i i l ' i ^ — = ^ ^ = 0,045A. v-^
R' 4000 ' '
Cffdng do dong dien qua R i : Ii = — = — A .
Rj 3 + H i e u d i e n t h e g i f f a h a i d a u R 2 : U ' 2 = U - U ' , = 180-0,045.2000 = 90V.
Vay: So'chi ciia von ke khi m^c song song vdi R2 la U'2 = 90V.
CiTcfng do dong dien qua R3:13 = Ii - 1 2 = ^' 5.30. Hai dien trd Ri = 6Q, R2 = 4Q chju dffdc cffdng dp dong dien toi da la l A va
1,2A. Hoi bp hai dien trd chiu dffdc cffdng dp toi da la bao nhieu neu chung m^c:
U, 2
D i e n trd cua R3: R3 = = — . 3 - 0,6Q . a) Noi tie'p. b) Song song.
B a i giai "
c) Ta c6:
a) Hai dien trd mdc noi tiep J, ^
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = I2R2 = 2R2.
U, 2R, Khi R| mile noi tiep vdi R2: i<i, ^|I<1A ^^-[ZJ cz]—.
Ctrdng do dong dien qua R3:13 = — = — - . I<l2 1I<1,2A"
R3 3
Vay: Bp hai dien t r d mac noi tiep chju dffdc cffdng dp dong dien t o i da la
2R.
^niax = l A .
CffcJng do dong dien qua R j : Ii = I2 + I3 = 2 + — — .
^'Hai dien trd mac song song
H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R,: U , = U - U2 = IiR|.
R I R +R
' ^ i Ri mile song song v d i R2: I = I , +12 = l i + = — ^ I ,
<:^18-2R2 = 2 . ^ .5<^9-R2 =5 + ^ o ^ + R2 = 4=:>R2=l,3a Rj Ri
3 3
5.29. Hai dien trd R, = 2000Q, R2 = 3000Q m^c nor tiep vdi nguon U = I8OV =>I, = - ^ 2 _ l = _ l _ i = o,4I<l (1) h
R,+R2 6+4 • ^ ^ ' '
(khong do'i). V o n ke V mile song:song vdi R i , chi 60V. T i m so chr cua von 1^^
VU2 = I _ I , = 0,61 < 1,2 , (2) i ^ ^ ^ ^
do khi mac song song v d i R2. ^ ^
B a i giai ^Tni)va(2)suyra: ^^2,5A ^
- K h i von ke mdc song song vdi R i : ll<2A
• Bp hai dien trd m^c song song chiu dffdc cffdng dp ddng dien t o i da 1^
+ Cffdng dp dong dien qua R i : Ii = - ^ ^ ^ = - ^ ^ = 0;03A.
R| 2000 V x = 2A.
144
B6i dusng hpc sinh gi6i V^t. ly 11, t?p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khann Vi^t
5 . 3 1 . Cho doan mach nhif hinh ve: R i = 3 6 Q ,

R2 = 12Q, R j = lOQ, R 4 = 3 0 Q , UAB = 54V. A
-c R2 •
U 12
CU'dng do dong dien qua R i : I , = — ^ = — = 0,4A.
Tim ciTcJng do dong dien qua tiTng dien trd. B

R, R3 R4
f RAB 30 U ;
^ Baigiai HiSu dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = I1R234 = 0,4.7,5 = 3V. -
U 3 ...... " >
Mach dien difcfc ve lai nhiTsau: Cffdng do dong dien qua R2:12 = — = — = 0,25A.
Cirdng dp dong dien qua R i :
U 54 Cffdng do dong dien qua R3, R4:13 = I4 = ~ = — = 0,15A . '
4- R34 20 , . .
4^
R, 36 R3
I V$y: E)ien trd tffdng dffdng cua mach va cffdng dp dong dien qua cdc dien trd
Dien trd tiTcfng diTPng cua
R34 —
R ^ R •4
R3+R4
R3, R4:
_ 20.30 = 12Q
20 + 30
'2 R,
R4
I i a R A B = 3 0 Q ; I , = 0 , 4 A , l 2 = 0,25A,l3 = l4 = 0,15A.
5.33. Cho doan mach nhif hinh ve: R , = R3 = 3Q, R2 = 2Q, R4 = I Q , R5 = 4Q,
. , ,v
cffdng dp qua mach chinh I = 3A. Tim:

U AB 54 a) UAB-
Cirdng do dong dien qua R2:12 = = 2,25A.
R, R
R234 R2+R34 12 + 12 b) Hieu dien the hai dau moi ^ • I
Hieu dien the giffa hai dau dien trd R3 va R4: dien trd. ^ ^
U34 = U3 = U 4 = I2R34 = 2,25.12 = 27V. c) UAD, UED. ^
U 27 d) Ndi D, E bang tu dien C = 2^F. Tim dien tich cua tu.
Cirdng do dong dien qua 13 = ^ = — = 1.35A.

a) Hieu dien the giffa hai diem A, B:
U 27
Ci/dng do dong dien qua R4:14 = —^ = — = 0,9A . Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua R i , R3: R ^ = R i + R3 = 3 + 3 = 6Q. *
R4 3U
Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua R2, R4: R24 = R2 + R4 = 2 + 1 = 3Q.
Vay: Cifdng do dong dien qua cac dien trd la I i = 1,5A; l2 = 2,25A; I3 = 1,-
R R 6 3
va I4 = 0,9A. Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua doan mach CB: RCB = = —— =2fi.
-c
5.32. Cho doan mach nhiT hinh ve: Ri = 22,5Q, R2 R , 3 + R24 6+3
Ri Dien trd tffdng dffdng cua doan mach AB: RAB = R 5 + RCB = 4 + 2 = 6Q.
= 12Q,R3 = 5 Q , R 4 = i 5 Q , U A B = 12V. ^
R, R4 Hieu dien the hai dau doan mach AB: UAB = IRAB = 3.6 = 18V.
Tinh dien trd ti/cfng dffcfng cua mach va ci/dng
^) Hieu dien the hai dau moi dien trd
do qua tffng dien trd. ^
Hi$u dien the hai dau R5: U5 = IR5 = 3.4 = 12V.
B a i giai
Hieu dien the hai dau CB: UCB = IRCB = 3.2 = 6V.
Mach dien dffdc ve lai nhi/sau:
Di6n trd tiTdng di/dng cua R3 va R4: Cffdng do dong dien qua R , , R 3 : 1 , = I3 = ^ = ^ = 1A.
R34 = R3 + R 4 = 5 + 15=20fi \ o Rj3 6
Uiif^ 1':""
Dien trd tffdng diTdng cua R2, R3 va R4: Hieu dien the hai dau R , : U , = I j R , = 1.3 = 3V. . ;
Hieu dien the hai dau R3: U3 = I3R3 =1.3 = 3V.
R3 R4
R2 + R34 12 + 20 CffcJng do dong dien qua R2, R4:12 = I4 = — = - = 2A ni^h.
Dien trd tffdng diTdng cua doan mach AB:
RAB = R I + R234 = 22,5 + 7,5 = 30Q ^'eu dien the hai dau R2:U2 = l2R2 = 2.2 = 4V. / ^
^>û dien the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = l4R4 = 2.1 = 2 V .
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B6i duang hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhannViftt
Vay: Hieu dien the' hai dau cac dien trct 1^ CU'dng dp dong dien qua R2:
Ui = 3V; Uz = 4V; U.-, = 3V; = 2V va U., = 12V. .
U4 I, Ri
c) Hieu dien the hai dau cac doan mach A, D; E, D: ^2 R2 20 oe,.A'Xa:..A>,' ,
Hieu dien the hai dau A, D: UAD = UAC + UCD = U5 + U, = 12 + 3 = 15V. '3 R,
Hieu dien the hai dau E, D: UED = UEB + UBD = U4 - U3 = 2 - 3 = -IV. CU'dng dp dong dien qua R,: I4
d) Dien tich ciia tu dien I, = I 2 + I3 = 0,12 + 0,08 = 0,2A.

Taco: Q = CU = 2.10-^.1 =2.10^C. afc Hieu dien the hai dau R,: U, =I|R, =0,2.18 = 3,6V.
Hieu dien the' hai dau ca doan mach: U = Ui + U3 = 3,6 + 2,4 = 6V.
Vay: Dien tich cua tu dien la Q = 2. IQ-'^C.
CU'dng dp dong dien qua R,: I4 = I - 1 , = 0,5 - 0,2 = 0,3A.
5.34. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh
R5
R,
ve: R| = lOQ, R2 = 6C1, = 20Q.
R4 0,3 (, i 3
R3 = 2Q, R4 = 3Q, R 5 = 4Q.
X4
CU'dng dp dong dien qua R3 R2 Vay: Gia tri dien trd R4 = 2 0 Q .

la 0,5A. 5.36. Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve:
Tim cU'dng dp qua tufng dien trct va UAB- R, = 15Q, R2 = R3 = R 4 = lOD, ^ -
Bai giai dong dien qua CB c6 cU'dng dp la
Dien trd tu-png du-png cua R3, R5: R35 = R3 + R.'s = 2 + 4 = 6Q. 3A. Tim U A B .
Hieu dien the hai dau R35: U35 = U4 = hR^s = 0,5.6 = 3V. Bai giai
CiTcfng dp dong dien qua R3, R,: I3 = I5 = 0,5A. Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu'saii: R,
U, 3 Ap dung qui tac nut mang, tai C ta c6:
CU'dng dp dong dien qua R4:14 = — = - = IA . lcB = I i + l 3 = 3 (1) A C
3 mk:h = ^ ^ ' ^ (2) I R,
B
R4 R, 15
Cirdng dp dong dien qua Rj: I, = I3 + I4 = 0,5 + 1 = 1,5A.
D -CZH
Hieu dien the hai dau R 3 : U 3 = I3R3 = IOI3. R4
Hieu dien the hai dau R,: U, = I,R, = 1,5.10 = 15V.
Hieu dien the hai dau AB: UAB = U , + U35 = 15 + 3 = 18V. CU'dng dp dong dien qua 1 ^ : 1 4 = - ^ = = I3.
31
U 18
CiTdng dp d6ng dien qua R2:12 = = — = 3A. Cirdng dp dong dien qua R2: I2 = I3 + I4 = 2I3 = -^^^.
^234 'ii r , r f
R2 6
Vay: CiTcfng dp dong dien qua tufng dien trd UAB 1^ RR
R3+R4
I, = 1,5A, I2 = 3A, 13 = 15 = 0,5A, I4 = lA va U A B = 18V. Dien trd tu'dng diTdng cua R2, R 3 , R.: R234 = R2 + j = 10 + 5 = 15Q .
^
5.35. Cho mach dien nhiThinh ve: R, = 1 8 ^ R2 = 20Q,

R3 = 30Q, ciTcJng dp qua nguon I ='0,5A, hieu dien ^ ^ 15 30
the hai dau R 3 la U 3 = 2,4V. Thay (2) va (3) vao(l): ^ ^ + ^ ^ = 3 = > U . „ =30V.
TinhR4.
15 30
CU'dng dp dong dien qua R3: I3 = Bai R, giai
30 = 0,08A
Mach dien diTdc ve lai nhiT sau: ây: Hieu dien thegiiTa hai diem A, B la UAB = 30V.
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B6i dusng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyin PhO P6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
5.37. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve, UAB = 6V. Khi ^ i—iî _ H i = M.o,3A. J AI3
K md, ampe ke A , chi 1,2A. Khi K dong, A^RT'"^^/ K "~ ^' Ri 12
I.
ampe ke A i va A2 Ian liTcft chi 1,4A; 0,5A. Bo Ciidng do dong dien qua R2:
Ri R,
qua dien trd ampe ke'. U2 _ 2,4
B - = 0,4A.
Tinh R i , R2, R 3 . R2 6
Bai giai HitM dien the' hai dau R 3 :
Khi K md: Mach dien gom R, va R2 mac noi tiep:
UAC = UAB + UBC = 3,6 + 2,4 = 6V.
B D
u
AB => R, + R. = — = 5Q.
I* = Cifcfng do dong dien qua R3:13 = = — = o,6A.
1,2
R^ 10
R, = 5 - R, (1) Cifdng do dong dien qua nguon U i : I = I , + I , = 0,3 + 0,6 = 0,9A.
Khi K dong: Mach dien gom [R, nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Ci^cfng do dong dien qua ampe ke': IA = I - I i = 0,9-0,3 = 0,6A.
_ ^3 CiTdng do dong dien qua nguon U2: F = I A +12 = 0,6 + 0,4 = 1 A.
^ - ^ - M = 2,8=.R23 =
^23 R 23 ^23 ^/ 0,5 2,8 5.39. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: R 4 = R2.
_ Neu no'i A, B vdi nguon U = 120V
u AB 30
+ Matkhac: = •^l+^23\-J ~~ tW I3 = 2A, U c D = 30V.
1 RJ+R23 1,4 7
- Neu no'i C, D vdi nguon U' = 120V
=>R...^3-^° •R, =12-2,8R, (2) thi U^g = 20V.

2,8 7
Tim R i , R2, R 3 .
IA R3 Bai giai
:' + Circfng do dong dien qua R2:12 -= -^— = 1,. - L . = 1 , 4 - 0 , 5 = 0,9A.
R.
Neu no'i A, B vdi nguon U thi: R3 = = — = 15fi.
I3 2
= 0,9: = 1,^ (3)
^2
R.
^^2 'A
Cirdng dp dong dien qua R 4 : U = ^ =
+ T h a y ( l ) va (2) vao(3),tadirdc: 12 - 2,8Ri = 1 , 8 . ( 5 - R , ) R4 R2
zz> 2,8R, - 1,8R, = 12 - 1,8.5 R, = 30. 30

Cu'dng do dong dien qua Rj: I2 = I3 +14 = 2 +
=^ R2 = 5 - R i = 5 - 3 = 2Q. R,
va R 3 = 12-2,8.3 = 3,6Q.
R3 15R-
5.38. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve, nguon Eîen t r d tiTdng diTdng cua R2, R 3 , R4: R234 = R2 + — = R, + —•
R3+R4 15+ R,
U, = 3,6V, U2 = 2,4V, dien trd R, = 12Q,
R2 = 6Q, R 3 = lOQ. U, Ri R2 ti 120
Tac6:l2=HABc^2 + ^ =
Tinh cu'dng do dong dien qua ampe ke' R 234 R, 15R,
2 R, +
V . T -r
2
vk moi nguon. Biet dien trd ampe ke' 2 15 + R-
ratb6.
^ (2R2+30) O5R2_+MlHM = i20
Bai giai. R. 15 + R.
Gia stir chieu dong dien nhifhinh ve:
Ciifdng do dong dien qua R i :
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Boi duang hpc sinh gioi V a l ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWHjhang Vi$t
(2R,+30)(R,+30) , 5 41. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R| = R, =

^ 2 ; ^ j 2 0 => R 2 - 1 5 R 2 - 4 5 0 = 0 4 5 Q , R 2 = 9 0 Q , UAB = 9 0 V . Khi K md
R 2 +15
hoac ddng, cUdng dp dong dien qua R 4
R2 = 30Q; R2 = -15Q < 0 (loai).
lanhirnhau.
Neu noi C, D vdi nguon U ' thi ciTcJng do dong dien qua R,:
20 _ 120 Tinh R 4 va hieu dien the hai dau R 4 . '
0
R.+Rj Rj R,+30 ''''i - tiff'ikO ''^
Bai giai
, Khi K ddng, mach dien du'dc ve nhU hinh a; khi K md, mach dien diTdc ve nhu
<=> R| + 30 = 6R, =^ 5R| = 30 => R, = 6Q. J *
hinh b:
Vay: Gia tri cac dien trd la R, = 6Q; Rj = 30Q; R3 = 150.
R, R,
5.40. Cac doan day dong chat, tie't dien nhU' nhau
CO dang thang va ban nguyet du'dc noi nhu" R3
hinh ve. Dong dien di vao d A va di ra d B. ^ D

B
Tinh ti so' c^dng do dong dien qua hai doan
-c
D
day ban nguyet. j,,,:, Hinh a
_ Khi K ddng, ta cd: R4
Bai iîai
Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu sau: Ta cd: ROA = ROB = R
Dat OB = d, ta cd:
+ R()B CO chieu dai la d; RQDB cd chieu dai la — = > RQDB ~ ~~~ • 14 — — — —

R. R4 (R2+R,4)R4
+ RACH cd chieu dai la nd = ^ RABC = nd.
U U I, 90.-î
=> I , = (1) 45+ R 90 30
I4 =
(I)
R^(90+-,1^4^ 3R4+9O R4+3O
U u RQA 45+ R.
l2 =
R AOB o
D ,
~ Khi K md, ta cd: u AB

ÔDB ÔB
ROB I3 = ; UAD - I3R124
R3+R,24
UoB = I2R0B
I4 = ^ A D ^ ^3^124 ^ ÂB-Rl24
7lR
R
U Rl4 Rl4 ^14(^3+^124)
R ODD TtR 90(45+ R 4 )

+R 90.-
90 + 45 + R, 90^
^ +R 2
14= (2)
(45 + R4)(45 + ^ ^ ± M ) I35R4-MOI25
9 0 + 4 5 + R^
u (2)
R(7C+1) r„ 30 90'
T i r ( l ) va (2),tacd:
R4+3O I35R4+10125
T i r ( l ) va (2),tacd: ^ = ^ ^ - 1 , 3 1 8 .
I3 It <=> 90^R4 + 2 4 3 0 0 0 = 405OR4 + 3 0 3 7 5 0 . .
Vay: T i so cUdng do dong dien qua hai doan day ban nguyet la 1,318. o 405OR4 = 6 0 7 5 0 = ^ R4 = 15^:2.
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B6i difing hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
30 2 ^
^ 15 + 30 3 : ; • .;j 1 t ; • f '
# \). Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ' ^ = ^ - ^ ^ = — . i , ;
R^B • R
- H i e u dien the hai dau R4: U4 = I4R4 = | . 1 5 = lOV. '• - ' -m*^
+ H i e u dien the hai dau A , C: U A C = I R A C = — . — = 2 4 V .
Vay: Gia tri d i e n trcf R4 va hieu dien the hai dau R4 la R4 = 15Q va 1)4= j o v R 3
5.42. Cho mach d i e n nhu" hinh ve, UAB = Vay: K h i mac vao A , C von ke chi 24V. ' ''
D 543. Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve. V o n ke
; . 132V, von ke V m^c vao A , D chi ^
44V. H o i so chi v o n ke do k h i mac ' (dien trd Rv); mac vao A - C chi 24V; ^ ^
R R R R
. vao A , C. fnic vao A - B chi 12V, m^c vao B - C chi A B C
B a i giai 8V. Coi U A C khong d o i .

^3
R a) Tim U A C , U A B , U B C khi khong m^c von ke.
Neu von ke c6 dien trd rat Idn thi: R
A
b) T i n h R i , R 2 . B i e t R v = 6kQ.
UAD= HAB = 6 6 V ^ 4 4 V B a i giai
2
=> von ke CO dien trd Ry hCTu han. -(v> a) Tinh U A C , U A B , U B C khi khong mac von ke': Coi U A C khong doi nen khi khong
Rv mac von ke U A C = 24V.

- K h i mac von ke vao A , D :
- Khi von ke'mac vao A , B :
2RRV
+ D i e n trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach A D : RAD = R R
2R + R , + D i e n trd tiTdng du'dng cua doan mach A C : RAC = R2 + '
R,+Ry
+ D i e n trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach A B :
2RRv 4R^+4R.Ry + Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = .
4R(R + R v )
RAR - RAD + 2R — 1- 2R = ÂC
2R + R, 2R + R, 2R + R,,
+ H i e u dien the hai dau A , B :
132.(2R + R v )
+ CUdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ^ UAB = I R A B = ^^c ^ . c - R . ^ . ',1) Vi'.'
R AB 4R.(R + R v )
^ ^ Ri.Ry Rj+Ry R.R^+RyCRj+R^)
. + H i e u dien the hai dau A , D : 2 Ri+Ry *
132.(2R + R y ) 2RRv 66R,
UAD - I R A D - Khi khong m^c v o n ke vko A , B : U ' = IR, = .R,
4R.(R + R v ) 2R + R v R + Ry
66R
o 44 = ^ <o 44R + 44Rv = 66Rv => Rv = 2R. = . £ A B _ RV(RI+R2)
R + Ry U^3 R.Rj+RyCRj+R^)
- K h i mac von ke vô A , C: ^ R ^ R R R
von ke mac vao B , C:
+ D i e n trd tu'dng diTdng ciia doan R,R
E>ien trd tiTdng diTdng cua doan mach A C : RAC = R I +
mach A C :
Rj+Ry
RR, R.2R 2R
RAC — Rv U
R + R„ R + 2R Cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ^ . ' i
ÂC . r , ' :
2R IIR
+ D i e n trd tiTdng diTdng doan A B : RAB = RAC + 3 R = — + 3 R = •*• H i e u dien the hai dau B , C: U B C = I R B C
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Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann Vi§t
B6i diflng hoc sinh gidi VSt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu Dong
Cho mach dien nhiT hinh, von ke V i

ÂC R2RV ^ UA(-.-^2-^V 5,44.
R,
R2.Rv ' R 2 + R v RiRz + RyCRi+Rz)
gidng nhau va R, = R2 = Rs-
f i n i so chi cua von ke V2. L
- Khi khong m5c von ke vao B, C: Ug^^ = I.Rj = Bai giai
' 1 2 jvlach dien du*dc ve lai nhiTsau:
U„P_ RyCRi+R;) I3 R3
(2) ^
" ^ U;^^ RjR2+Rv(Ri+R2) U'^^ = 24 - U;,^ (4)
R + R^ R
12 8 _ Hieu dien the hai dau D, B: Uy = l^(R + R ^ ) = + 1 (1)
- Thay (4) vao (3), ta diTdc: — - = Rw Rw
U:,3 24-U:,3
=^ 288 - 12U;,3 ^8U;,3 => U : , 3 = 14,4V. " - Cu'dng dp dong dien qua R2:12 = '1 _
^CDB ^+^DB
- Hieu dien the hai dau B, C khi khong mac von ke: Ug^ = 24 -14,4 = 9,6V
Vay: Khi khong mac von ke thi U ' A C = 24V, U ' A B = 14,4V va U ' B C = 9,6V. Dien trd' tiTcJng diTdng
, -
cua mach, DB:
r^^
R D B = R v ( R + R vv) i . = _Rvv (vR + Rwl
v)
Ry + R + Rv R + 2R,,
b) G i a t r i R , , R 2 " <
Ry(R + Rv) R2+3RR +R2 1 >

R +
R + 2R,
. u.^=^«c,.a=Jf5i- (6)
~ Hieu dien the hai dau C,B:
^'^ R,+R2 R,+R2
U - I R 5(2R + R y ) Ry(R + R y ) ^ 5Ry(R + R y )
(2)
Lay (5) chia (6) ta diTdc: -1,5 ^ R, = 1,5R2 ""2" ' R2+3RR.+Rl' R + 2Ry R^+SRR,,+R?,
^2
+ Ry_ SRyCR + Ry]
Ti)f(l)va (2) suyra: -
"'^ RiR2+Rv(R,+R2) • ^ . Ry R2 + 3RRy + R^
24.1,5R,.6 . I8R2
«12 = ^-^ o l = 2 => R ^ + 3 R R y - 4 R ^ = 0 => (R + R y ) 2 + R R y - 5 R ^ = 0
1,5R^+6.(1,5R2+R2) 1,5R^+15R2
Chia hai ve'cho RI ta difdc: (R + R v ) % _ g _ - 5 = 0
< ^ 1 , 5 R ^ + 1 5 = 18 =^R2 = 2kQ,R, = 3kQ. .u^îb ^ • R^ Rv
Vay: Gia tri cac dien trd R,, R2 la R2 = 2kQ, R, = 3kQ. 'îJy + U v - 1 - 5 = 0<::>U^_ + Uv. - 6 = 0 = > U v , = 2 V ; U v , = - 3 V (loai)
^^y: Von ke V2 chi 2V.
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Cty TNHH MTV DVVHKhang Vijt
5.45. Cho mach dien nh\X hinh ve, Bai giai

ba ampe ke' c6 dien ird nhiT -C3- §6' chi von ke' khi m^c vao hai dau R2
nhau. Cac dien trd thuan c6 gia jsle'u von ke'mac vao Ri: ly
trj R gio'ng nhau. Ampe ke A2 Uv 95 19
4. CUdng do dong dien qua Rj: I , = —1-=—1:_= A .
, chi 0,2A. Ampe ke A, chi 0,8A.
Tim so chi ampe ke A. Rj 300 600
i. 1. v'Jt: Baigiai
+ Ci/dng do dong dien qua von ke : 1 ^ =R,
^^.
Mach dien di/dc ve lai nhiT sau:
+ CUdng dp dong dien qua R2:
1 = T1 , + IT v =
r 19 + 9,5 u 19 19 u
600 Ry R.Ry -<=> 600 +- 2R, 300Ry
+ 225
Rl+Ry ' 300+ R,
14
19 . 19 U(300 + R „ ) 19 1 1
- Hieu dien the hai dau E , F: UEF = l2(2R + RA)
600 2Ry 525Ry+67500 2 300 RV 525RY+67500
UEF_0.2.(2R + R ^ )
- Cirdng do dong dien I3: 13 = 19 U
R R (1)
600Ry 525Ry+67500
z:> I , = I2 + I3 = 0,2 +
0,2.(2R+RA)
=0,8
2R + R
^ =3
R>
=1 ¥1
R R - Ng'u von ke' m^c vao R2: TiTdng tiT, ta c6:
R
RTR,
- Hieu dien the hai dau C, D: UCD = I i ( R + R A + REF) + Dien trd tiTdng du'dng toan mach: R = R, + — .
4R^+4RR^+0,8R^ R2+Rv
R-(2R + R A )
<=>UcD = 0,8. R + RA +
3R + R . 3R + R . U
^+ Cirdng do dong dien qua Rj: Ii = —=
R
U ^ ^ ' - ^ ^ ^ ^ A ^ Q ' ^ ^ A ^ I : . ! . Il,-0,S 4R^4RR^+0,8Ri
•I4 =
- C D I
225+R,
R R(3R + R . ) R(3R + R , )
R,R, U 225R,
1,+ Hieu dien the hai dau R2: = I , . — ^ — ^ o U„ =—
6,4R^ + 4 , 8 R R , + 0,8R; ^ „ (8R^+6RR^+R^)
^ ^ = 0,8. ^ R,+ R„ V2 225R^ "225 + R,
R(3R + R A )
300+-
R(3R + R J 225 + R,
3R + R^ R U 19
)=> I = 0,8.(3+1-—) = 3A .225Ry o U„^ 2=- 6 0 0 R r " ' « v = 7 . 1 2 i V .
0,8R(3R + R^) R
XV 3R
^ x+ .R,^ 2 525Ry+67500
Vay: Ampe ke' chi 3A. Vay: So chi von ke'khi m^c vô hai dau R2 la 7,125V. R,
5.46. Nguon hieu dien the U khong doi, mot von ke hai didn trd Ri = 300ft So'chicua vonke' r-T"!-.
R2 = 225Q m^c vao nguon. E)i$n trd tiTcfng diTdng toan mach: *
a) R, noi tiep R2, von ke m^c vao hai dIu R, chi 9,5V. Tim so chi von ke n^'^ R--M2_+R = 300.225 R2
.R.=^+R.
m^c vao hai dau R2. R1+R2 ^ 300 + 225
b) Ri song song R2, ca hai m^c no'i tie'p vdi von ke. Tim so chi ciia von ke. U
Cwdng dp dong dien qua von ke': I = —=
c) Ri, R2, von ke noi tiep nhau, von ke chi 12V. Tim so chi von ke khi Ri, R 900
von ke' mac song song. + R,
158 159
i d i f i n g hoc sinh gidi V g t j y 11, t a p 1 - N g u y i n Phu B 6 n g " Cty TNHH MTV D W I ! K l i , , , , , , Vie!
UR, Bai giai

- Hieu dien the' hai dau von ke': Uy = IRv = (2)
900 §6' chi cua von ke Ian lufdt trong 3 tru^dng hdp la:
+ R,
R,R,
19 U = W = 0 , 6 - ^ = 180
- TOCO suy ra: Rl+Ry
Uv=l2R2v=0.9 - ^ ^ = 180
Rj+Ry
U 9975 o6v air
(3) (R,+ R,)R
900 600Ry = 180
Z ^ R\ R,+ R 2 + R v
9975 1 1
- Thay (3) vô (2), ta duTcJc: Uy = R^ = 16,625V.
R,-+- Ry
600R„ (1)
R,+ Rv 300
Vay: So chi von ke la 16,625V. 1 1 1
-M^.200 <=> (2)
c) So chi von ke khi Ri, R 2 , von ke mac song song R, R2 ^ R2 -+- Ry 200
- Khi [R| nt R2 nt Ry]: 1 1
( R i + R 2 ) R v =360
_ (3)
R,+ R2 -+- Ry
U U
+ Curdng do dong dien qua mach: I = Rj + R j + R v 360
Rj+Rj+Ry 525+ R
1 1 1 1 1
U - La'y(2)-(l),tadirdc:
+ So chi cua von ke: Uy = IRv = -.R,,=12V (4) R2 Ri 200 300 600
525 + R,
1 1
^ R, =
Rj -+- 600
- Khi [Ri // R2 // Ry]: So chi cua von ke la U:
R. 1 1
4275 9975 ) -+ -
+ Tir(3)suyra:U=—+ ' ' Rj 600
2Ry 600 %
]-l 1 1 1
2137,5 R2 - Lay(l)-(3),tadirdc:
R„ = - RJ R,+R2 300 360 1800
U-16,625 -c
Ry R. 1
l|.2137,5 <=>- R,.(Ri+- -)
• + Tir (4) suy ra: -= 12 R , ( R , + R2) 1800 1800 1 1
+
(525 + . . ^ \ l ^ ' i j ( U - 1 6 , 6 2 5 ) Rj 600 ' - Rj 600
U-16,625'
2137,5U R, R R
-= 1 2 » 2 1 3 7 , 5 U = 6300U - 79087,5 =:> U = 19V. ^ ' =77:b-(2 + » 1 8 0 0 = 2R, + ,/.J;„-;i.
525U-6590,625 1800^ 600' '600
)2
Vay: Von ke chi 19V. ^ R , + 1200R, -1080000=^ => R i = 6 0 0 f i
5.47. Hai dien trcl R|, R2, ampe ke va von ke Ian liTcJt mac thanh ba sd do sau. So 1
R,=- • = 300Q.
chi von ke luon la 180V, so chi ampe ke Ian lUdt la 0,6A; 0,9A; 0,5A. Tinh 1 1
Ri, Ra- 600 6.J " • ; •
R. R. R2 ^ ^h- Gia tri cac dien trd la R, = 600 Q va R2 = 300 Q.
C)ay dan CO S = 3,2mm', p = 2,5.10"^nm , c6 d6ng dien I = 4A di qua. Tim
^•^c dien trirdng tac dung len moi electron tiT do trong dSy.
161
Baigiai
50. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve. Dien trd |j
î^jj = R . Ban dau con chay C tai trung
CiTdng do dien triTdng giffa hai dau day dan: •'ri •
iem M N . Phai thay doi vj tri con chay ,,; '
nhi/ the nao de so chi von ke (V) j?
E = H = H = ! ! S . I P ^ E = ^-^'^-^Q" .0,03125 V/m .
d / / S 3,2.10-' hong thay doi khi tang hieu dien the" }
ho (UAB) len gap doi. Dien trd von ke 'h
Life dien trifclng tac dung len moi electron t\i do:
y v6 ciing Idn.
F = e E = i,6.10'^0,03125==5.10-^' N .
B a i giai
5.49. Cho mach dien nhvl hinh ve: No'i
Khi C d giffa, mach dien diTdc ve lai nhiTsau (hinh ve):
A , B vdi nguon hieu dien the UQ. ^
pien trd tu'dng dffdng doan mach AB:
Tim he thiJc lien he giffa R,, Rj, R3 |
de vdi so' 6 dien trd tiiy y, ta luon c6: Uo R. RcN^^ -
RAB = RMC +
-j±=k = h a n g s o ( k > 1). B i R(.^+R RcN+R R+RCN
U: U U(R+RCN)
Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
R AB
B a i giai
- Hieu dien the hai dau R 3 : U n = I3R3; Unî = W R i + R3) Hieu dien the hai dau von kî
U(R + RC^) RR
CN _
URR CN
Uv =
R. R2-R2J^+RRCN R + RCN
RcN
R 1 _
(1) u u
=k -l Uv =
RMC
3n
R. R RcN + 1
-CD- R
I2R2 ' RR R CN R B
CN HZD-
Mat khac: U„_, = I2R2 = l 3 ( R i + R3) => ^3=^^^:
R U
Ban dau: RCN = — = = 0,4U
2--+1
U„_2 = (I2 + l 3 ) R i + I2R2 2
L R ,=
R l 2 ( R i + R2)
(R+, + I3R1
R 2 ) ( R 4 +* R 3 ) + R I ^ 2
U„..2 = l 2 ( R l + R2) + R , + R3
2U
R, + R , Khi U tang gap doi, Uv khong doi nen: Uy = = 0,4U
R R CN
U„.2 (Rr^R7)(Ri+R3)+RiI^2 =
_k
R
1 +1
-+ 1 +- I^CN R
R, R,+ R3
u n-l R^CRi+Ra)
k-i (k-ir % - 5 - = x =^ x - - + l=5 o x ' - 4 x - l = 0 ,
R1 _ 1 R CN
= k-l-- = (k-l)- (2)
R. 1
1+ R
k-1 =^ X = 4,236 = RCN =p,236R = ( V 5 - 2 ) R
R
R, k
-r. Lay (1) chia (2) ta difdc: — - — ^^y: Bi so chi v6n ke khong thay doi khi tSng UAB len gap doi thi con chay
R3 " k - 1
!!!!iiii.tn:yaiR^^=iS-m..
II R, R7 k
V a y : D e ' ^ = l c . h , ^ = l c - . v . ^ = —
163
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Cty TNHH MTV DWH KhanoViSt
5.51. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ben. Ba
_ U(R^+3RRV+R^) RRy(R+2Ry) _ URy(R + 2Ry)
dien trci R giong nhau, hai von ke' = IRr^p = (1)
R(R2+4RRy+3R^)R2+3RRy+R2 R2+4RRy+3R2
CO C l i n g dien trd Rv, mot tu dien
phang C CO cAc ban hinh chi? nhat; URv(R+2Rv)
dien trd cac day noi khong dang l2 =
RCE R^+4RRv+3R RRy
V R+
ke. Ngirc(i ta dat vao hai diem A, B R+R,
mot hieu dien the' mot chieu UAB =
URV(R+2RV) R+R, URv(R+Rv)
150V khi d6 von ke V2 chi lOV.
R2+4RRy+3R2 •R(R+2Ry) R(R2+4RR^+3R2 )
a) Tinh dien tich tren moi ban tu ciia
tu dien bie't rang dien dung cua tu Sochi cua von ke (2): v;
la C = 5.10^F. URyCR+Ry) RR U.Ri
IT =I R =- V
b) Dat mot khoi dien moi dong cha't hinh hop chff nhat c6 dieh tich ddy b^ng i. ^2 ' ""'^ R(R2 +4RR^ +3R2 ) • R + R V " R ^ 4 R R y +3R2
150R,^
dien tich cua ban, c6 chieu cao bang — khoang each gii?a hai ban, ap sat vao o 10 = C:>R^+4RRy+3R?, = 15R?, o iR+2R^f = 16R?,
R^+4RRy+3R^
mot trong hai ban nhiT hinh ben. Hoi dien tich tren moi ban tSng gap may Ian, o R+2Rv = 4Ry R = 2Rv. '.1 1
biet r i n g h^ng so dien moi 8 = 2.
- TirCDsuyra: iÔ-R^-^Ry ^^qy
Bai giai JO'
a) Dien tich tren moi ban tu ciia tu dien
- Bien tich cua tu dien: Q = CU = 5.10'^.40 = 2.10~^C.
- Dien trd tiTcfng du'dng cua mach DE:
b) Sir thay ddi dien tich tren moi ban cua tu dien C, - L
R - -r C,
- Tu diTcfc xem gom 3 tu C,, C2, C3 diTdc ghep nhiT sau: C, T-
1
- Dien dung cua tu itic chi/a diTa dien moi vao:
RR,
- Dien trd ti/dng di/cfng cua mach CE: RCE = R +
R+R V eS eS
=>C,=
RR, 9.10^4nd 9.10\47id 9 10^4^- 9.10^47td 9.10^47cd
Rv(R+ -)
R + Ry _ RyRCR + 2Ry2 2
- Dien trd tiTdng dxidng cua mach CP: RCF = •S
RRv R2+3RRV+^^ e ~- _
R„ + R + -R+R,
^ C2 = 2 2S 2
= 2CQ ; C 3 = = — ijl,;;;
9.10^4^^ 9.10^4;:d
- Dien trd ti/cfng di/dng mach AB: 9.10^47td 2
RRy(R + 2Ry) _ R(R^ + 4 R R v + 3 R ^ )
RAB = R + ^'en dung ti/dng du'dng cua bo tu: C = - ^ £ 2 _ + C , = = Ir
R^+3RRv+Rv R^+3RRv+Rv C,+C, 3 Co+2C„ 2 6 °
U(R^+3RRy+R^) 7
- Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach: I = Q = CoU;Q' = CU = ^
Q 6
R(R2+4RRV+3R?.)
- So chi cua von ke ( I ) : , , Dien tich tren moi ban tu dien tang ga'p — Ian.
6
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khana Vi§t
B6i diSng hpc sinh gi6i Vgt ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
• Vie't cac phUdng trinh dong dien tai cac nut: E Ivjo = E1^.
Chmende6: MACH CAU D I E N T R d
• V i e t cac phiTdng trinh djnh luat 6m cho cac doan mach va diTa cac
phu'dng trinh ve V M , V N theo V A , V B .
A . T 6 M T A T K I E N THirc
. Chon V B = 0 (UAB = V A ) . Giai he phiTdng trinh de tim V M , V N theo V A .
I. M a c h cau can bang M
guy ra dong dien qua cac doan mach.
Ri Ro
^. Dung phu'dng phap dong dien: Cac bu'dc thiTc hien nhu" sau:
V
- Dieu kien: —L - - 1 .
R^3. R. _ B
R5
• Vie't cac phu'dng trinh hieu dien the' cho cac doan mach theo cac dien trd.
- He qua: V R4
• V i e t cac phu'dng trinh dinh luat 6m cho cac doan mach va du'a cac
+ U , = U 3 ; U 2 = U4. N phu'dng trinh ve dong dien theo cac dien t r d . i>
• Vie't cac phu'dng trinh dong dien tai cac niit. Suy ra he thiJc giffa cac
+ I , = I2; I3 = I4; I5 = 0.
R2 R4' dien t r d .
• Suy ra d6ng dien qua cac doan mach va dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua doan
I, R, I. R.
+ Ui + U 2 = U 3 + U 4 . + 1, + I 3 = l2 + l4 = l . mach.
I3 R, ' I , R^
2. Vdi much cdu dien trd chiia tu dien: Ta can ket hdp cac cong thiJc ve tu dien nhif
+ M a c h : (R, // R 3 ) nt (R2 // R 4 ) : chap M , N .
da biet, chu y la khong c6 dong dien qua doan mach c6 tu dien mac noi tiep.
R,R
M^^3 . + . ^ 2 ^ 4
+ R = Rn + R24 =
C C A C B A I TAP V E MACH C A U D I E N T R d
R,+R3 R2+R4
1. M A C H C A U D I E N TROf
+ M a c h : (R, nt R2) // ( R 3 nt R 4 ) : bo qua R 5 .
6.1. Hinh ben la sd do cau Uyxtdn de do
^ Rl2-R34 _(Ri+R2MR3+R4)
Rx. A B la day dien trd dong chat hinh
RJ2+R34 Rj+R2+R3+R4
tru cang t h i n g , Ro da biet.
R.
I I . M ^ c h cfiu khong c a n bang: D i e u k i e n : Khi di chuyen con chay, tai vi t r i Ig = 0,
R3 R.
AC = /,, CB = h. T i m Rx.
B a i giai
B. NHONQ C H U t K H I GlAl B A IT A P
Khi \ 0, ta CO mach cau can bang: R ^ R C B = RQRAC
1. TrUdc khi fîdi cdc bdi todn ve mach cdu dien trd can di/a vao dieu k i t "
R R R,.pi=Ro.p^ o Rx./2 = Ro./, =>Rx= ^
— = — de k i e m tra xem mach cau c6 can bhng khong. N e u :
R3 R4
R /
- M a c h cau can bang: Ta c6 the bo .qua R 5 hoac chap hai d i e m M va N lai ^Sy: Gia tri cua R , theo /, va U la R^ = —
nhau ta c6 mach tiTdng du^cing: (Ri // R 3 ) nt (R2 // R 4 ) hoac (R, nt R2) // (R?
'••2' Cho mach dien nhiT hinh vS: R, = 4Q,
R 4 ) . DiTa vao djnh luat 6m va cac tinh chat cua doan mach noi tiep, soi^^
^2 = 2Q, R 3 = 8!^, R4 = 4Q, R 5 = 2,4Q, ^
song de giai.
^ = 4Q, R^^ = R^^ = 0 , UAB = 48V
- M a c h cau khong can b^ng: De giai cac bai toan v l mach cau khong can
ta CO the: ("^hong do'i).
+ D u n g phUdng phap chuyen tuT mach tarn giac sang mach hinh sao h"^' ^ ' n i so chi cac ampe k e ' k h i :
ngu'dc l a i , chii y mach dien tUdng difdng va cac cong thiJc bie'n d d i . ^Kmd.
+ D i i n g phufdng phap dien the: Cac bu'dc thiTc hien nhiT sau:
B6i dugng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Klinn,; Vi§t
Bai giai CiTcfng do dong dien qua ampe ke ( 1 ) : I A , = I2"'" ^6 = ^ + ' 2 = 2 0 A .

a) K h i K m d : So chi ampe ke ( 1 ) b i n g 0 , mach dien diTOc ve l a i nhuT sau:
ampe ke ( 1 ) chi 2 0 A .
vay: Khi K dong, ampe ke ( 1 ) chi 2 0 A ; ampe ke ( 2 ) chi 1 2 A .
I B 5 3, Cho mach d i e n nhu" hinh ve.

D
R2
' UAB = 7 5 V , R2 = 2 R , = 6 Q , R 3 = 9 Q .
a) Cho R 4 = 2 Q . T i n h ciTdng do qua CD. ^

b'J i'l lit It f 1 R4
b) Tinh R 4 khi ciTdng dp qua C D la 0. +
c) Tinh R 4 khi ciTdng do qua C D la 2 A .
R,(R, + R,) 2.(4 + 4 )
, D i e n trd tiTdng diTcfng cua R2, R 4 , Re: R246 = ^ = 2 + 4 + 4 ^ ' ''^^ Bai giai
E)i6n trd tu'dng du'dng doan mach A B :
D i $ n trcf Wdng du'dng cua doan mach A C D : 3.9 6R. 6R4
RAB = R l 3 + R24 = — ^ + ^ ^ = ^ = 2,25 +
" RACD = R234 + R 5 = 1 , 6 + 2 , 4 = 4 Q ,
6+R.
R1+R3 R2+R4 3 + 9 6+R4
Xi D i e n trd tiTdng diTdng cua doan mach A D : RAD = '" = =2Q 75
4+4
^l+ÂCD
R AB
Ci/dng dp d6ng dien qua mach chinh: I = =
D i e n trd tUcfng diTdng cua doan mach A B : RAB = RAD + R 3 = 2 + 8 = l O Q 6+R 4
Cirdng do dong d i e n qua mach chinh: I = - ^ ^ ^ = = 4,8A Hieu dien the hai dau A , C: UAC = IR13
-H'^ t. RAB 10 75 168,75.(6+ R4)
UAC = -.2,25 =
H i e u dien the hai dau A , D : UAD = IRAD = 4 , 8 . 2 = 9 , 6 V . 13,5 + 8 , 2 5 R ,
2.25.-'*'''
9,6 6 + R.
Ci/dng do dong dien qua R 5 : 1 5 = = 2,4A.
R ACD
I iilV \
Cirdng dp dpng d i e n qua R,: I , = — ^
H i e u dien the hai dau A , C : U A C = I5R246 = 2 , 4 . 1 , 6 = 3 , 8 4 V . R,
Cirdng do dong dien qua ampe ke ( 2 ) : h = = = 0,48A . I = 1 6 8 , 7 5 . ( 6 + R 4 ) ]_ _ 56,25.(R4+6)

8
R46
13,5 + 8 , 2 5 R 4 "3 ~ 13,5 + 8 , 2 5 R ,
Vay: Khi K m d , so chi cua ampe ke ( 1 ) b^ng 0 ; so chi ampe ke ( 2 ) la 0 , 4 8 A.
fi?u dien the hai dau C, B : UCB = UAB - UJ AC
i 11,
b) K h i K dong
168,75.(6+ R 4 ) _ 450R
T a c o : R|.R4 = R 2 R 3 = 16 ^ R,* R3 B _^=> U C B = 7 5 -
=> M a c h cau can bSng, • 1—I 1 I 1" I3,5 + 8,25R4 8 , 2 5 R 4 + 13,5

R4
mach dien du'dc ve l a i nhU'sau: "l&ng dp dpng dien qua R2:
- CUdng do dong d i e n qua R(,: 450R. 75R.
Rfi 6.(8,25R4+13,5) 8 , 2 5 R 4 + 13,5
R, 4 '^KhiR, = 2Q:
=> a m p e k e ( 2 ) c h i 1 2 A .
Tac5:I, = | ^ ^ ^ = , 5 A ; l 2 = ^ ^ = .OA.
U AB 48 8 , 2 5 . 2 + 13,5 8,25.2+13,5
_
- Cifdng do dong dien qua R2:l2 = = 8A.
R2+R4 2 + 4 "Tai C: I , = I2 + => IcD = I i -12 = 15 - 1 0 = 5 A .
^^y: K h i R 4 = 2 Q thi ICD = 5 A .
169
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b) Khi IcD = 0: Luc do mach cau can bing nen: 135

6.9 5000• = 0,027A
R,.R4 = R2.R3 ^ R 4 = 2^^3 _
R, Ciidng do dong dien qua von ke (2): RAG
Vay:DeIcD = 0thiR4= 18Q, A
_ = 0,03375A B
c) Khi IcD = 2A: l2 =
Ro 4000
Tai C, ta c6:
+ Trirdng hdp 1: I, = I2 + ICD CUdng do dong dien qua RAC: I3 - =
56,25.(R,+6) 75R. +2 o 56,25R, +337,5 = 91,5R, +27 ÂC ÂC
8,25R4+13,5 8,25R4 + 13,5
u
135
CiTdng do dong dien qua RCB: I4 = R
CB 30000-R AC 30000-R^(.
o 35,25R4= 310,5 => R4=8,81Q.
Ta c6:I| +13 = 12 + 14
Trirdng hdp 2:1, +ICD = I2
56,25.(R, + 6) 75R. o 0,027+ ^ 135 = 0,03375+ 135
+2 = o 72,75R,+364,5 = 75R, AC
30000-R,u^^^yj-^^^Q
8,25R4 + 13,5 8,25R, + 13,5 o 0,027R^c + 135 = 1147,5-0,03375R^c

» 2,25R4= 364,5 R^= 162Q. 50000 R
o 0,06075R,p = 1012,5 => R,^ = RAC _ AC
Vay: De ICD = 2A thi R4 = 8,81 Q hoac R4 = 162 Q. R AB 3
6.4. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve, UAB = 270V, dien trd AB c6 gii trj R = 30kD, ÂC = 'U1Z,:) K^^ = - _ _ = _
cac von ke V,, V2 c6 dien trd R, = 5kQ, R2 = 4kQ.
a) Tim so chi cua cac von ke V], V2 khi K md. Tai D: I, + ICD = I2
b) K dong, tim vj tri C de so' chi cua hai von B => ICD = I2 - II = 0,03375 - 0,027 = 6,75.10-Â = 6,75 mA.
Cf Vay: Khi K dong, de so' chi cua cac von ke' bang nhau thi C phai d vj tri sao
ke' bang nhau. Tinh ciTdng dp dong dien
qua khoa K liic nay., AC 1
c) Muon so chi cua cic von ke khong thay doi cho = - , liic do cu'dng do dong dien qua khoa K la ICD = 6,75 mA.
khi K dong hoac md, C phai d vi tri nao? AB 3
d) Khi khoa K dong va C di chuyen tif A den c) Vi tri ciia C de so chi cac von ke khong thay doi khi dong khoa K
B, so chi cua cac von ke thay doi the nao? Cufdng do cua
De so chi dongvondienkequa vonthay
khong ke (1):
doi Ijkhi= K—-dong hoac md thi: .
Bai giai U, = 150V = UAB; U 2 = 120V = UcB
a) Khi K md: Cirdng do dong dien qua von ke (2): = U—
270 R.
Cirdng do dong dien qua von ke' (1): Ii = 'AB _ R
Rj+R^ 9000 = 0,03A. Cudng do dong dien qua RAC: I3 = U,
So chi v6n ke (1): U, = I,R, = 0,03.5000 = 150V. R AC
So chi von ke'(2): U2 = I1R2 = 0,03.4000 = 120V.
Vay: Khi K md, so chi cua cac v6n kd'm 150V va 120V. Cu'dng do dong dien qua RCB: I4 = —— •
b) Khi K dong: Mach dien difdc ve lai nhif sau: R CB
Ta c6:1, + I3 = I2 +14 <=> U i ( - | - + - ! - ) = UjC^^^+^r^)
So'chi cua moi von ke'la: Ui = U2 = -^-^ = 135V . R] RAC R 2 RcB
Cty TNHH MTV D V V H K h a n n Vi$t
B6i duang hpc sinh gi6i V j t 1^ 11, tgp 1 - Nguyin PhCi D6n9
Ta co:
1 1 1
» 150( - ) = 120( 12
5000 • R AC 4000 30000 - R AC + UcD= 1 0 - — — . R 4 = 1 o I2R4 = 9 . ( R 4 + 3 ) R^=9i^.
3+R^
120
o 0,03+—=0,03 + « 1,25.(30000-R^C) = RAC 12
^> RÂC_ 3 0 0 0 0 - R AC + UcD=10- -.R. = - 1 .
3 + R.
_ 50000 R A C _ AC _ 50000 ^ 5
o 2,25R^c = 3 7 5 0 0 => R^r
A C "=
R AB AB 3.30000 9
m 1 2 R 4 = l l . ( R 4 + 3 ) =^ R , = 33f^.
V a y : D e so chi cua cac von ke' khong thay ddi k h i K dong hoac m d , C phai d iHr ' I ' M , ' '
AC 5 ^ Vay: K h i K dong, de U C D = 1V thi R 4 = 9 Q hoac R 4 = 33 Q .

vi t r i sao cho
6.6. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve, cac
R
B
d) So chi cac von ke' thay doi the nao k h i K d6ng v^ C di chuyen tU A de'n B ampe ke' c6 cung d i e n trd R A . Bie't | (fi^
ampe ke A i chi 3A, A2 chi 4A. A
G p i R la dien t r d tiTdng diTcfng cua R A C R I , ta c6: — = — + '
R R, RAC a) T i m so chi ampe ke A3, A4 va ci/dng
d6 d6ng dien qua R .
- K h i C d AthiRAc = 0 = > R = Ri.
b) Diet R = 3Q. T i m R A . -= l i . .^ ^
- K h i C d B thi R giam => U i se tang, U2 se giam.
Bai giai
Vay: K h i C di chuyen tir A den B thi U , tang, U2 giam.
a) So chi ampe ke A3, A4 v^ ciTcfng do dong dien qua R
6 . 5 . Cho mach d i e n nhiT hinh ve: U = V . - VnhiT
. hinh ve:
Gia suf cac dong d i e n c6 chieu
12V,R2 = 3Q, R 3 = 5Q.
R, R. R f MM
a) K h i K m d , hieu d i e n the giffa C, D Tac6:
[14=12+13 VD-VB _ V A - V D , V C - V D
la 2 V . T i m R i .
R- R,
b) K h i K dong, hieu dien the giiTa C, IR
DlalV.TimR4.
a) K h i K m d :
Bai giai
® R
Ta c6: UCD = UCA+ UAD= -U, + Uj

D
U 12.R
=Û, = I R , = -.R, » 2= — ! - o 2R, + 1 0 = 12R, => I R = I , - 1 3 = 3 - 1 = 2A; I4 = I2 + 1 3 = 4 + 1 = 5A.
R,+R3 Rj+5
Vay: So chi ampe k e (3) la 1 A , ampe ke (4) la 5A.
o 10Ri= 10 =^ R , = l a . ''^ Gia trj RA
Vay: K h i K m 5 , R i = I f i . Ta c6: UCB = U C D + UJ D B
b) K h i K dong: .1:1
o I K R = I 3 R A + I 4 R A = > R A = TTT = ¥ = •
Ta c6: UCD = UCB + UBD = Uj - U 4
I3+I4 6
u 12
Vay: D i e n trd cua ampe ke la R A = 1 A.
H i e u dien the' hai dau Ry. U3 = -.R, = .5 = l O V . ^ a c l b
1 + 5
Cho mach dien nhi/ hinh ve: U A B = 12V, R , = 5Q, R2 = 25Q, R 3 = 2 0 0 ,
U 12 ra't I d n . K h i hai d i e n trd r noi tiep, von k e c h i U , , k h i chiing song song von
H i ^ u d i ? n the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = -.R. =
R2+R4 3 + R. kS"chiU2 = 3U,.
6i doSng hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Mguyen Phij Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
a) Tinh r. <E> I l R c B - I3RDB (1)
0
b) Tinh so chi V khi nhanh D B chi c6 ^ R2 Ivlat khac: UCD = UCA + U A D = - U A C + UAD = 0 = > UAC = U A D
B
mot dien trd r. <:i> I I R A C = I3RAD (2)
c) V o n ke dang chi U i (hai r noi tiep). R3 R R (
L a y ( 2 ) c h i a ( l ) t a diTdc: = : mach cau can bang.
De V chi 0 : D ^CB ^DB
- Ta chuyen cho mot dien t r d , do la dien trd nao va chuyen di dau? <=> RAC-RDB — RAD-RCB
- Hoac ddi cho hai dien t r d . D o la cac dien trd nao? V d i : R i = 5 Q , R2 = 2 5 Q , R3 = 2 0 Q , r = 2 0 Q :
B a i giai o R2R3 = 2 5 . 2 0 = 5 0 0 ; R|.r = 5 . 2 0 =100.
H i e u dien the hai dau C , D : UCD = UCB + U B D = U 2 - U D B V a y : D e mach cau cSn bang, ta chuyen r no'i tiep R i , luc do:
U 12 \1_
C i r d n g d o d o n g d i e n q u a R,: I i = = 0,4A. RAC = R i + r = 2 5 Q va RAC-T = 2 5 . 2 0 = - 5 0 0 . ''
Rj+ K2 J+ ZJ 30 6.8. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh v e :
H i e u dien the hai dau R2: U2 = I1R2 = 0 , 4 . 2 5 = lOV. UAB = 3 3 V , R , = 2 1 Q , R2 = 4 2 Q ,
U 12 R3 = R 4 = Re = 2 0 Q , R 5 = 3 0 Q ,
Cirdng do d6ng dien qua R3:13 = ^— =
R3+R03 DB R7 = 2 0 Q , Rv rat Idn.
12R a) Tim so chi ciia von ke.

DB U = 10- ™
H i e u d i e n the hai d a u D , B : U D B = ISRDB = CD b) Thay von k e bang ampe ke' A ( R A = 0 ) .
20+R 2 0 + R DB
DB
Tim so chi ciia ampe ke'.
a) T i n h r
B a i giai
- K h i hai dien trd r mKc ndi tiep: RDB = 2r
a) So' chi cua von ke'
12.2r 100-2r
•U, = 1 0 - (1) Dien trd tu^cfng diTdng cua R 4 va Rg: R 4 6 = R 4 + Re = 4 0 f i .
20 + 2r 10+ r
T a c 6 : R , . R 4 e = R2.R3 ^ I , R, M R3 R7
B
12.1 => mach cau can b^ng nen: •—»—p>{
r 2
- K h i hai d i e n trd r m ^ c song song: RDB = - = > U 2 = 10 =3U, I5 = 0 ; U M N = 0 . M a c h dien I
20+- diTcJc ve l a i nhiTsau:
2 R2 R4 R6
400-2r „ , N D
<=> = 3U, (2)
S6' c h i cua v o n k e : U v = U M D = U M C + U C D = U 3 - Ug
40+ r ^
- L a y (2) chia ( i ) . 4 0 Q + 2r 1 0 + r ^ 3 < ^ 4 o o o + 3 8 0 r - 2 r 2 = 3.(4000+20r-2r-) Di0n trd tiTdng diTdng ciia R2, R 4 , Re:
40 + r 100 — 2r ^246 = R2 + R 4 + Re = 42 + 20 + 20 = 82Q
o r ^ + 8 0 r - 2 0 0 0 = 0 : ^ r = 20Q va r = -IOO(Q) < 0: (loai). t B i e n trd tiTdng di/dng cua R,, R3: R13 = R i + R3 = 21 + 20 = 4 1 Q .
Vay:Giatricuarlar = 20fi. 1 R R 41.82 _ 82^

t>i$n trd tiTdng diTdng d o a n m a c h A C : R = ^'^ =
^13+^246 41+82 ~ 3
b) So chi V k h i nhdnh D B chi c6 mot dien trd r
142
K h i nhanh D B c h i c6 m 6 t d i e n trd r t h i : UCD = ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ = ' ^ i $ n trd tiTdng difdng d o a n m a c h A B : RAB = RAC + R 7 = — + 20 = — Q.
3 3
V a y : K h i nhanh D B chi c6 mot dien trd r thi so chi V m 4 V . ^^^ng do d6ng di?n qua mach chinh: I = -HAB _ 3 ^ 3 = ^ A .
c) D i e n trd can phai di chuyen de V chi so 0 R AB 142 142
Ta c6: U C D = U C B + U B D = UCB - U D B = 0 => UCB = U D B
174
B6'\g hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
_ U ^ 2079 77
H i e u dien the hai dau A C : UAC = I R A C = = V . -iTcfng dp dong dien qua R2: I2 = A.
142 3 R AND 188.54 376
71
77 _ 231
Cirdng do d6ng d i e n qua l i g u dien the hai dau R 4 : U 4 = I2R45 = : ^ ' 2 = — V . "\
R 13 71.41 71 94
A- o I 231 231
H i e u dien the hai dau R 3 : U 3 = I1R3 = — . 2 0 = — ^. CifcJng do dong dien qua R 4 : 1 4 = ^ - A.
R4 94.20 1880 >?
67 '
U 1353 33
Circfng do dong dien qua R2: h = = — — = — A . uigu dien the' hai dau R 6 : = IR36 = 10 = V . ' ," , .
' 376 376
376 ' 'i;.:>S.'V-:..:
^246 'l-o^ 14z
J. ... „ T 2750 275 , £;! ~ \
33 330 Ci/cfng dp dong dien qua Re: Ifi = —^ = = A.
Rg 376.20 752
H i e u dien the hai dau Rg: U s = I2R6 = -20 = V. ,
• • 142 71 ,4, 1'..,., a r..\
275 231
S^chicuav6nke':Uv = U 3 - U 6 = — - — = — =4,65 V . Ctfdng dp dong dien qua ampe ke: 1^ = le -14 = = 0,243A .
752 1880
71 71 71
V$y: So chi cua ampe ke la 0,243A.
b) So chf ciia ampe ke
6.9. Cho mach d i e n nhU' hinh ve: UAB = 5V,
Thay von ke'bang ampe ke', mach dien dU'dc ve lai nhiT sau:
cic von ke' c6 dien trd gio'ng nhau, V2 A B
Ri
- c z > chi2V.
M B Timso chi V 3 . " '' "
D
D b) Bi^t Ri = 4,8R2. T i n h Rv theo R,, R2.
R2
HZD- Bai giai
N R5 * R6
T a c 6 : I , = l 2 + l 3 ; I5 = l3 + l4
T a i D : I4 + IA = l6 ^ IA = le -14 VA-VC , VC-VB,VC-VD
D i e n trd tU'dng dufcfng cua doan mach A N D : R, R, R,
RAND = R2 + => RAND = 4 2 + ^ ^ ^ = 42 + 12 = 54n

R . + R, 20 + 30
R2 Ry Rl R, (Y^ R.
D i e n trd ti/dng diTdng cua doan mach A D : /v

ChonVB = 0 = ^ V A = UAB
R,R.
K A.AD=
D — — — ^ R A D = - ^ ^ = 15,12^1
(1)
RI+RAND 21+54 R, Ry
R R 20 20
D i e n trd tiTdng dUdng cua R 3 , Rg: R36 = ^ ^ = ' =10^. ID _ VC-VD,UAB-VD
Rj+Rg 20+20 (2)
R2 Ry Rl
, D i e n trd ti/dng diTdng mach A B :
ch? V 3 : Tir (1) ^ U A B - U 2 = U 2 + U3=> U3 = U A B - 2 U 2 = 5 - 2.2 = I V .
RAB = RAD + R36 + R 7 = 15,12+ 10 + 20 = 4 5 , 1 2 0
^ ^^y: S6' chi ciia von ke (3) \k I V .
U 33 275
A. '•^h theo R,, R2 .w. ,
Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — ^
R 45,12 376
275 2079 Rj Ry Rj
H i e u dien the hai dau A , D : UAD = IRAD = — . 1 5 , 1 2 = .
376- 188
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
Ma Ri // R; < ^ U , = u ;
^ Rj = R ; = 9 f i = * R 2 =30-9 = 2 ] Q .
Tir (1) suy ra: UAB - U 2 = U2 + U2 - VD ^ V p = S U j - UAB = 1 V pien trd Mdng dUdng cua toan mach:
1 1 1 5 1 1 4
(4) _ R,R; , R2R2 , 9.9 ^ 6.21 ^55^
Tijr (3) suy ra: — + — = +^— <=> Ry R2 R.
R2 1
^"^'^ R,+R; R2+R2 9+9 6+21 6 .
Thay R2 = — vao (4) ta diTdc: CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
4,8 R, Rj Ri Rj
AB _ 12,32 1,344
=>Rv= 1,25.4,8R2 = 6R2 1= .6 = 1,344A = I , + l 2 =^ I , = I2 = = 0,672A
AB 55 2 . f.;iii
Vay: Ry = l,25Ri = 6R2.

Ne'u ampe ke A, va A 3 chi ciing gia trj: Ii = I3 =:> I4 = 0
6.10. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve:
=> R'^Ô ^ R; = 3 0 Q
R, = 9Q, R2 = 6Q, R = 30Q, RA = 0,
UAB = 12,32V. So chi cua ampe ke A, va A 3 la: I , = I3 = = = 1,37A.
a) K md, tim so chi cac ampe ke'. R,
b) K d6ng, tim vi tri con chay D de: '+ N6'u ampe ke A2 va A 3 chi ciing gia trj: I2 = I3
- Ampe ke' A 3 chi 0. U , = IjRj = 91
^1
Taco: [^9I,=R;I2 ^ 1 . = ^
- Hai trong ba ampe ke chi cilng gid tri. Tinh gia trj nay. U2=I2R;
Bai giai
a) So chl cac ampe ke': Khi K md, ampe ke A 3 chi so 0.
K2
Cirdng do dong dien qua Ai: I , =
U AB _ 12,32 ^ 308 = 0,82A.
RJ+RJ 9+6 ~ 375
Matkhac: I , = I 2 + I 3 = 21^ = | f =^ =
12,32 154 K2 3
Ci/dng do d6ng dien qua A2: = = 0,41A.
30 R 375 R;I. I ,2R ;
I , = I , + l 3 = I , + l2 = - i ^ «
vay: So chi cua ampe ke Aj la 0,82A, cua ampe ke A2 la 0,41 A, cua ampe 9 3 ^ 9
A 3 la 0. R; 30-R:
O —!- - 1 +1 o R; = 9 9 - 3 R ; R; = 2 4 , 7 5 ^ ^ [I T
b) Vi tri con chay D 9 3
- De ampe ke A 3 chi 0: Khi K dong, ampe ke A 3 V$y: De 2 trong 3 ampe ke chi cung gia tri thi con chay
chi so 0: mach Cau can b^ng: Dphai d vj tri sao cho:
Ta c6: R , R 2 = R 2 R i R; = 9D.; R; = 30Q; Rj = 24,75Q.
R,
o R , ( 3 O - R ; ) = R2R'I o 9(3O-R;) = 6R; ^•^1- Cho mach cau nhiT hinh ve. Cac dien trd: R| = 2f2,
o 15R; = 270 => R; = I S a R^=12«. ^2 = 4Q, R3 = IQ; X la mot varistor (dien trd phi
C I4
^"yS'n) CO dong i phu thuoc vao hieu dien the U
Vay: Con chay D phai d vj tri chia R thinh CD
I3J vao hai dau varistor theo bieu thiJc i = k U l
haidi^ntrd R; = 18Q;R2 = 12Q. A_
(A3)
- De hai trong ba ampe ke' chi ciing gia trj I5
Ne'u ampe ke A] va A2 chi ciing gia trj: Ii = I2

D R2
178 179
Bfli d i a n g UQC sinh gidi Vat ly 1 1 , t$p 1 - Nguyjn Phu Pflng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
a) Ve diTcJng dac triTng von - ampe U = f(i) cua varistor. Goi R = — la dien trd tu, R2R3
di ^ R,+ R, R R,(R,+ R,)

Uo = 1 _ 'îv^î
thcJi cua varistor. Co the noi gi ve dien trd nay khi i bien thien tifO den +00 . kR, kR^Rj
b) Biet k = 0,25AA^l NgiTdi ta dieu chinh hieu dien the U,, = UAD de cau c;!,, R
bhng. Tinh cong suat P tieu thu tren varistor. Tinh cac dong i , , va hieu die,,
_ Ri(Ri+R;) _ R,
the Uo. Cirdng dp dong dien qua Ri: Ij =
R1+R2 kR2R3(Rj+R2) kR^Rj •
c) Ri, R2, R3 va k CO gia tn bat ki. Tinh Uo de cau can bang. Tinh dong I tron„
mach chinh. Thay X bang mot bien trd R, ta c6 cau Uytxtdn. Hay neu sir CiTdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = I i +12
giong nhau va khac nhau giffa cau Uytxtdn va cau nghien ciJu trong bai nay? R, R1 R, R,
=>I =
Bai siai kR^Rj kR^R^ kR2R3 R3
a) Du'dng dac triTng von - ampe U = f(i) cua varistor . ^ ^ Khi thay X bang bie'n trd, ta c6 cau Uytxtdn. Sif giong nhau v^ khac nhau
giifa cau Uytxtdn va cau nghien ciTu trong bai la: *i ..'i.
Ta c6: i = kU^ => U = . , ,
+ Giong: Deu la mach cau dU'dc dieu chinh de mach cau can bang hay
khong can bang.
dj 2Vk' lyfk.^Fi
+ Khac: Cau Uytxtdn: dieu chinh bien trd R c6n hieu dien thS" dat vao hai
Khi i -> 0 thi R -> 00 ; khi i -> co thi R -> 0: dien trd khong phi tuyen. dau doan mach la khong doi; cau nghien ciJu trong bai nay la dieu chinh
b) Tinh cong suat P tieu thu tren varistor, tinh cac dong i i , va hieu dien the U,, Uo. ,„ „
6.12. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve, (D) la
VI mach cau can bing nen: R,.R = R2R3 => R = =— =2^.
R, 2 mot dien ke".
a) R3 = R4 = R; R, = 2R. Dat A
U^n JU 'iJiii '
Cirdng do dong dien qua X: 1, = — ^ = -U^. R, R.
R Vk.R a -= ^—'-;
; b h=- - —^ . Tim he thufc lien
R, R3
R2 E R3 D R4
he giiJa a va b de khong c6 dong
^ Vk.R k.R^ 0,25.2^
dien qua (D) khi dat vao AC mot
Cong suat tieu thu tren varistor: Px = Ri^ = 2.1^ = 2W.
hieu dien the" khong doi.
Hieu dien the hai dau A,D: Uo = i2(R3 + R) = 1.(1 + 2) = 3V.
R
Un 3 R3 = Rfi; cac dien trd khac bat ki. Dat a = Tim
R. R3+R4 R3+R4
Cirdng dp d6ng dien qua Ri: i , = — = = 0,5A .
Rj+R2 2+4 H ihdc lien he giila a, c va d de khong cd dong dien qua (D). ,^
c) Tinh UQ de mach cau can bhng
Baigiai
RjR
Khi mach cau can bkng: R.Rx = R2R3 =>^x = He thijfc lien he giffa a va b de khong c6 dong dien qua (D) ,
" 1 Be' khong CO dong dien qua (D) thi:
Cudng do dong dien qua R^: I2 = k.U^ = kCIj.Rx)^ ^2 = IiR,=l2R2=^l2= ^ I i =al,

Rj
Hiû dien the dat vao hai dau A, D:
l2R3 = l6R6=>l2=|^l6=bl6 (2)
R-,
mi 181
B6i doBng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11. t$p 1 - Nguyin Phii D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt
Bai giai
Tif (1) va (2) suy ra: I , = -h (3)
a pjgn tich cac tu khi K md, K dong
Mat khac: I4 = I2 + !& = l6(b + 1) (4) j^jii K met, khong c6 dong dien qua cac dien trS n6n: = U^,^ = U .
I3R3 = . « I . = = l6(b-l)lbl, ^ p i g n t i c h t r e n t u C , : Q,= CjU^,^ = 20.10"^50 = 1000 .

(5)
2 2
V a I = I , + l 2 = l4 + l5 (6). pjgn tich tren tu C2: Q^^ 0^^^^ = 30.10'^.50 = 1500^C.
R, R2
Thay (2), (3), (4) va (5) vao (6) ta diTdc:
j ^ i K dong, mach dien nhu" sau: •
u 50
a 2 a 2 + Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = - = lA
R.+R^ 20+30
=> 2ab + 3a = 2b (7)
+ Hieu dien the hai dau R , : Ui = I R i = 1.20 = 20V.
Vay: He thuTc lien he giffa a, b de khong c6 dong dien qua (D) la: 2ab + 3a = 2b
+ Hieu dien the hai dau R2: U 2 = I R 2 = 1.30 = 30V.
b) He thiJc lien he giffa a, c va d de khong c6 dong dien qua (D)
+ Dien tich tren tu C,: Q, = C|Ui = 20.20 = 400 .
Khi khong c6 dong dien qua (D): R , = Re => b = 1.
+ Dien tich tren tu C 2 : Q2 = C 2 U 2 = 30.30 = 900 îC .
Tir (7) suy ra:
2 I Vay: Khi K md, dien tich tren cac tu dien la Q, = 1000 jxC , Q2 = 1500 fxC ; khi
a = - ; tCr (2) suy ra: h = h; ttr (4) suy ra: U = 216, tiT (3) suy ra: I i = .
5 a K dong, dien tich tren cac tu dien la Q, = 4 0 0 , Q2 = 900 îC .
b) Dien Ji/cfng qua R3 khi K dong
Mat khdc: I5R5 = I4R4 + URG ^ I5 = ^^^^"^^^^^
Rc Ban dau K md: Q, = 1000 piC .
_ 2I,R,+I,R3 ^ 2R,+R3^ Sau do K dong: Q, = 400 îC .
(8)
Rc R«
Dien liTdng qua R3 khi K dong: AQ = Q, -Q, = 1000 - 400 = 600 p,C .
I 2R. +R 1 2R4+R3
va I,+12 = 14 + 1 5 0 - ^ +I6 = 2 l 6 + — ^ — - h ^ - + 1 = 2 + ^•14. Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve: Ci = C2 = C3 = C, Ri
a R, ^ a R la bien trd, R2 = 600Q, U = 120V.
1 , R3+R4 R4 , 1 c , 1+c Tinh hieu dien the giiJa hai ban moi tu theo R ) . Ap
- = 1+ —i- + _ ± = 1 + _ + _ = 1 +
a Rj R, d d d ' dung vdi R , = 400Q.
Vay: He thifc lien he giiJa a, c va d de khong c6 dong dien qua (D) la ^) Bie't hieu dien the gidi han moi tu la 70V. Hoi R ] c6
1 1+c , thay ddi trong khoang gia trj nao?
- = +1. Bai giai
a d Hieu dien the giffa hai ban moi tu theo R ,
2. M A C H C A U D I E N T R d C O T y D I E N
Cufdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = — — = —^——.
6.13. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R, = 200, "2 Ri+600 , .
X c, R2
R2 = 30Q, R3 = lOQ, C, = 20^F, C2 =
R3
Taa c6: U A D = U A C + UCD O I R , = U , + U 3 ( I ) ST
3 0 n F , U = 50V. UDB = UDC + UcB o IR2 = -U3 + U2 (2) ; . .
a) Tinh dien tich cac tu khi K md, K dong. R. C2
- Q i + Q2 + Q3 = 0
b) Ban dau K md. Tinh dien lu'dng qua R3 khi < ^ - C J U A C + C2UCB + C3UCD = 0 - U | + U2 + U3 = 0
K dong. + u - ^ U 2 = U,-U3 (3)
182 ft 183
B6i diiSng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn PhCi D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DWH viOt
Thay (3) vao (2) ta dUdc: I R 2 = U , - 2U3 (4) Cliuyin de 7:

- ± J | - V + 1 1 - -
T C r ( l ) suy ra: 2IR, = 2U| + 2U3 'wrf'.t* '... (5)
+ DIEN TRd PHU TRONG CAC DUNG CU DO DI|N
L a y (4) cong v d i (5): 3U| = I(2R, + R 2 )
I 40 40(2R,+600) ^ [ T 6 M T A T KI£N THirc
=> U . = - ( 2 R . + R , ) = (2R,+600) =
' 3 ' ^ R,+600 R,+600 R 1
E)e m d rong thang do cua ampe ke' va von ke ngu'di ta mac them sOn (trong
ampe ke') va dien t r d phu R p (trong von k e ) .
H i e u dien the hai dau tu C 3 : A B
I Ampe ke i;
120R, 40(2R, + 600) 40(R,-600)
U3 = I R , - U , = Cau tao: G o m sdn R s m^c song song vdi dien ke G.
R, + 600 R,+ 600 R,+ 600
Cong thufc: G p i I l a cU'dng do dong dien
H i e u dien the hai dau tu C T :
can do, I g la cU'dng dp dong dien qua
40(2R,+ 600) 40(R,-600) 4 0 ( R , + 1200)
U2 =U,-U3 =
dien ke G, I s i a ci/dng dp dong dien qua
Ri+600 R,+600 R,+ 600 sdn Rs-
A p dung vdi R, = 400Q ta diTdc: R.

1= 1+-
^^^40.(2.400.600)^3^^^ 0-40.(400.1200)^^^^ R
400 + 600 400 + 600
40X400 - 600) - Nhan xet: CU'dng dp dong dien can do Idn hdn CU'dng dp dong dien qua dien
400 + 600
V i U3 < 0 nen ciTc dU'cfng cua tu C 3 gin v d i D , ciTc a m ciia tu C 3 g^n vdi C. R I R
ke' Ian nghia la thang do du'dc m d rong l +_ i - =(l+n)lanva
Vay: H i e u d i e n the giOfa hai ban cua cac tu dien la 56V, 6 4 V va 8V.
b) G i d i han cua R i
cang Idn thi thang do cang du'dc m d rong.
40(2R,+600) I I . V 6 n ke'
Ta c6: U j = < 70 (6)
R,+600 - Cau tao: G o m dien trd phu R p m^c noi
Rn
40(R,+1200) tiep vdi dien ke G.
< 70 (7)
R,+600 - Cong thiJc: G p i U la hieu dien the can
do. U p la hieu dien the hai dau dien ke •u„
40(R,-600) u
< 70 (8) G, U p la hieu dien the' hai dau dien trd
R,+ 600
phu Rp.
T L r ( 6 ) s u y r a : 4 ( 2 R , + 600) < 7 ( R i + 6 0 0 )
U = u„
=^ R, < 18001:1 (9) R„
g J
T i r ( 7 ) s u y r a : 4(Ri + 1200) < 7 ( R i + 6 0 0 )
Nhan xet: H i e u dien the can do Idn hdn hieu dien the hai d a u d i ^ n ke
R, > 200Q (10) R-
lan nghTa la thang do du'dc m d rong = (1+n) Ian v^
T i r ( 8 ) s u y r a : 4 ( R , - 6 0 0 ) < 7(R,+ 600) - R. R„
^ Rj > -2200i^ (11) ^^ng Idn thi thang do cang diTdc m d rong.
Tir(9),(10),(ll)suyra: 200Q < R, < 1 8 0 0 n . Chu y : K h i thang do cua cac dung cu do du'dc m d rong m Ian thi dp nhay cua
Vay: R i c6 the thay do'i trong khoang tii 2 0 0 Q den 1 8 0 0 Q . dung cu do giam m Ian.
184
B6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 1 1 , t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii Dong Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
B. NHONG C H O t KHI QiAl B A I T A P

^ 10 = (1 + ^ ) . 0 , 1 = ^ RpF — - 1 =99Q
- Khi sur dung cac cong thifc cua ampe ke va von ke' can xac djnh dung gia i^j
can do (U, I) va gia tri cua dien ke (Ug, Ig). pign trd cua von ke khi do: Rv = Rp + Rg = 99 + 1 = lOOQ.
- Goi n la gia tri mot do chia tren dien ke, X la do lech cua dien ke, ta c6: V$y: Dien trd cua dien trd phu la Rp = 99r2; dien trd cua von ke la Ry = lOOQ.
Ig = nX; Ug = nX Gia tri diing cua R
- Phan biet giila sai so tuyet do'i va sai so tu'dng doi cua phep do: CU'dng dp dong dien qua ampe ke': R
+ Saisotuyetdoi: AI = I I - r i ; AU = I U - U ' I . U,
1 = = 50Q.
^ . AI AU R Rw
+ Sai so tu'dng doi: — ; . •,. 0,15-
R,
W 100 Rv ,
c. cAc B A I T A P vi; D I E N T R d P H V T R O N Q C A C D V N Q cy »o DI|:IH vay: Gia tri diing cua R la R = 50 Q.
7.1. Mot dien ke do diTdc ciTcIng do Idn nha't la 0,1 A. Dien trc( cua dien ke bang 1Q, 7.2, Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve. Khi R = Ri = 0,99Q kim dien ke G lech 30 vach
a) Muon bien dien ke thanh ampe ke do diTcJc cUdng dp Idn nhat bang 1 A, phai chia dp va cuTdng dp mach chinh (cho bdi ampe ke A) la 0,6A. Khi R = Rj =
; m^c sdn c6 gia tri bao nhieu? Tinh dien trd ampe kg' d6.b)Muon bien dien ke 0,19Q, G lech 20 dp chia, h = 2A.
? thanh von ke do dUdc hieu dien the Idn nhat bang lOV, phai mac them dien a) TinhRg. ^ F©")
trd phu CO gia tri bao nhieu? Tinh dien trd von ke do. b) Tim R2 de kim dien ke' lech mot vach chia dp khi ]
c) De do dien trd R ngu'di ta diing ampe ke va R cu'dng dp mach chinh la 10mA.
von ke' ndi trong hai cau tren, mac theo sd do c) R = 0,047fi, khi U = 2A, kim G lech bao nhieu dp chia?
nhUhlnh ben. Biet ampe kechi 0,15A, von ke' d) De bien G thanh von ke ma moi dp chia iJng vdi I V , ta phai lam sao?
chi 5V. Tinh gia tri diing ciia R. B a i giai
a) Tinh R,
B a i giai
U U ,,,1 1
a) Dien trd cua ampe ke Cifdng dp dong dien qua ampe ke': I = — + — = U ( — + —
De bie'n dien ke thanh ampe ke, ta phai mac them mot sdn song song vifi R R, R R,
Gpi n la gia trj cua mot dp chia:
dien ke: I = (1 + ^ ) 1 o 1 = ( 1 + — ).0,1 => R, = = -Q.
Rc ^ Rc 9 + K h i R = R,: 0,6 = 3 0 n ( — + — )
-1 (1)
0,1 0,99 R/
1
+ KhiR = R2: 2 = 2 0 n ( - ! - + — ) (2)
Dien trd cua ampe ke khi do: R ^ = — 0,19 R,
Rg+Rs i4 '0 1 1
0,99- + R .1 0,2 ^0,2
Vay: Dien trd cua sdn la Rs = ^ Q , dien trd cua ampe ke la RA = j^Cl • => ^ = 0,2 -—+ >R„ = 18,8m
1 1 0,99 R„ 0,19 R,
-+-
0,19 R,
b) Dien trd ciia von ke
De bien dien ke thanh von ke', ta phai mac them mot dien trd phu noi tiep vc" Vay: Dien trd cua dien ke la R =18,8^.
d i e n k e ' : U = (1 + ^ ) . U ^ ^'•n Rj de kim dien ke lech mot vach chia dp
^ ^ ' 1 = 1 0 m A o n A = 0,01Athi oOl = n ( — + — ) (3)

Hieu dien the Idn nhat ma dien kedo diTdc: Ug = 0,1.1 = 0,1V.
186 187
B6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i Vat Iv )1, lap 1 Nguyen Phu r)6ng_ Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
Lay (1) chia cho (3) ta diTcJc: B a i giai
^) Tinh R;
j(^hi chiTa mac them dien trd S: Gpi n la gia tri moi dp chia tren G, ta c6:
Q,;,, _L _L R2 18,81 0,99 18,81 ; j<,., 1=.——=32n (1)

^ R+2R^
fîi m^c them dien trd S: -
R2 2.0,99 2.18,81 18,81 209 ^ U U, U " 1 2 , 5 n R rR +S)

I — — — = -
Vay: De kirn dien ke lech mot vach chia do thi R2 = 2,09 Q . R,S R. R .S R S
R+^—+R, ^ R + - ^ + R „ 8
c) Kim G lech bao nhieu do chia R„+S 2 R„+S 8
_U 12,5n ^
K h i R = 0,047QthilA=2A: 2 = n ( — ! — + — ) (4) (2)
1 0,047 Rg (R +R).(R +S)H-R .S 8 , ' «..\'-(!:.
g g g , „ . ^ ^
(R + R J . ( S + R J + R S
_ Lay (1) chia cho (2): § ^ ^ = 20,48
U y (1) chia cho (4): 0,3 = ^ ( — ^ ) => X = ° f =5 R + 2R • •
X ^ +± o,3(-i- + ~ ) o (2 + Rg).(8 + Rg) + 8Rg =20,48.(2+ 2Rg)
0,047 Rg 0,047 18,81
o 16+18R +R^ = 40,96 + 40,96R^ o R^-22,96R-24,96 = 0 => R = 24Q
=> kirn dien ke lech 5 dp chia.
d) Cach bien G thanh von ke Vay: Dien trd moi dien ke la Rg = 24 Q . W
De bie'n G thanh von ke, ta mac noi tiep G vdi mot dien trd phu Rp. Liic do: b) Gia trj moi dp chia cua G: Vdi U = 3,2V thi tif (1), ta c6: * * '
T i r ( l ) s u y r a : 0,6 = 30n(—!—+—) ^ n= — =0,01881 n= = ^ =2.10-'A = 2 m A '

0 99 R 1 1 32(R+2Rg) 32(2+2.24) : vs^
^'^^ g 30( — + — ^ )
0,99 18,81 Vay: Gia trj moi dp chia cua G la n = 2 mA. :
Trirdc khi mac them Rp, moi dp chia uTng vdi 0,0188IV; sau khi m^c them Rp, c) chi cua dien k ^ )l
moi dp chia iJng vdi I V : ,.. N6'u mach chi con R, G va S mac song song vdi G thi:
T C r U ^ C l + ^ j U =*Rp =:R„( — - 1 ) = 18,81( ! l ) = 981,19n. I = ^ — - = X.n (3), (vdi X la dp lech cua kim dien ke).
' Rg' 8 P Ug 0,01881
R+—^ '
Vay: De bien G thanh von ke phai m^c them dien trd phu Rp = 981,19f^ no' g
tiep vdi G. TA- X R + 2R„ 2 + 2 24
7.3. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve, UAB khong ddi, R = 2Q, hai dien ke' gio'ng nha^' Uy (3) chia cho (1): — = ^ X = 32( ^ ^ ^"^^ ) = 200.
kim cua moi dien ke' lech 32 dp chia. M^c them dien trd S = 8Q song son? 32 . R,.S \8
R + _R_+i S_ 2 + -24 + 8
vdi mot trong hai dien ke', kim dien ke' do chi lech 12,5 dp chia. 6
a) Tinh Rg. f R ^ Vsiy: Dien ke lech 200 d6 chia.
b) U = 3,2V. Tinh gia trj moi dp chia cua G. ^ * ^ (£y~ M6t di^n ke nd'u lin \Mt m^c them sdn si, S2 thi gik tri mSi dp chia tSng Ian
c) Neu mach chi con R va mot dien ke ciing vdi S mac song song dien ke tW Ih ni, n2. Hoi gia tri moi dp chia ciia dien ke' t3ng bao nhieu Ian, neu
chi cua dien ke la bao nhieu? ^^P^ng ca hai sdn:
noi tiep b) M^c song song.
188 189
B6i duang hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D V y H K h a n n Vi§t
B a i giai Hoi khi sCf dung cac dau B, C thang do tang bao nhieu Ian. ,^ , ;
pign trd dien ke la Rg. Tinh R,, R2. . , ;:
Khi m^c them sdn Si thi gia tri moi do chia tang ni Ian:
B a i glai
, — = 1+-A = n , =i> —^ =n.-1 (1) ! ichi suf dung dau vao la A, dau ra la B thi mach dien duTcJc ve lai nhir sau:
eo sd do nay Rj la sPn nen:
Khi mj(c them sdn S2 thi gia trj moi dp chia tang na Ian: ^
R2+R,
I. h '^2 r ^-^
I R I i = l g 0 - - ^ )
1, ^ — — 11-,
^ = 1+_L = n =>-^ =n,-l (2) B
^ = l . ^ . n .
-ay
a) Mac noi tiep
I„ R,
Khi m^c si noi tiep sj thi gia tri moi dp chia tang:
=>Ri+R2+Rg =n,R, (1) R.
_L = i+^ = n 3 (3) _ Khi siir dung dau vao la A, dau ra la C thi mach dien di/cJc ve lai nhiTsau:
Theo sd do nay R2 la sdn nen:
La'y(l)cpng(2): R ( - + — ) = n,+ n 2 - 2 (4) R.+R„ I2 ig

s, S2 l2=Ig(l+-4r-^)-
R2
Lay (1) nhan (2): — ^ = (n, - I X n j - 1 ) (5) I R,+R
i"'"g _
"l^2 I = n.
R.
Lay (5) c h i a ( l ) :
Rg _ (n^-m^-l) ; =>R,+R2+R =n2R2 (2)
Sj+Sj n,+ n2-2
a) Khi dung dau vao la B, dau ra la C, ta c6: I2 Ig
(n,-l)(n,-l) n,+n,-2+n,n,-n,-n,+l n,n2-l
; Tir(3)suyra:n, = 1 + ' ' ^ ^ ==> n , = ' \ ^ =-^"^ Theo sd do nay [R, nt R2] la sdn nen:
. "i+na-^ n,+n2-2 n,+n2-2 B
R
^ n.Hj —1 ,A-
Vay Khi hai sdn m^c noi tiep, gia trj moi dp chia tang len = ^ ^^ - 'an.
J ^ R. R2
b) M^c song song " ' " ' R ^ " " ^ = > R , + R 2 + R g = n 3 ( R , + R2) (3)
Khi m^csi song song S2: - ^ - 1 + R , ( — + — ) = n . (6)

_ n2R2
(1), (2) suy ra: njR, = nzRa => R, = (4)
L a y ( l ) c 6 n g ( 2 ) : R „ ( — + — ) = n. + n 2 - 2 a, = 1 + n, + nj - 2 = ni + na
8 Si S2 TCr(2),(3)suyra: n2R2 = njCRj+Rj) = n 3 ( ^ ^ + R 2 ) = n j C ^ + D R
Vay: Khi hai scJn m^c song song, gia trj moi dp chia tang len 114 = nj + n: - ' n
7.5. Mot ampe ke c6 m^c hai dien trd phu ^ ni + n T

n.n-,
•iiii'i
Ri B n2 = n 3 ( - i — =
n,+n2
Ri, R2 nhiT hinh ve. Khi sit dung dau A, ^
B thang do (so vdi khi khong c6 dien trd ^ ^ R2 ^^^y: Khi sur dung cac dau B, C thang do tang len = "'"^ Ian.
phu) tang ni Ian. Khi dDng dau A, C ni+"2
thang do tang n2 Ian.

IQO 191
B6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguySn Phil D6ng
r,+ r2+r3+r^
b) Tinh R,, R2 He'u noi chot O va 4: = (1 +
R.
Thay (4) vao (1), ta diTdc:
ri-^r2 + r3+r,^^^^
•^^^^+R2+R = n,."^^^ <=> n2R2 + n|R2 + niRg = niUiRz o 300 = (1 + (4)
n 10 ,
f i r (1) suy ra: r, = (15:0,3 - 1).10 = 490Q.
< = > R 2 ( n i n 2 - n i - n2) = n i R g O R2 = XCr (2) suy ra: r, + r2 = (75:0,3 - 1). 10 = 2490 r2 = 2490 - 490 = 2000Q.
n,n2-n(-n2
Xtf (3) suy ra: r, + r2 + r j = (150:0,3 - 1).10 = 4990 ^
n.Rg r3 = 4990 - 2490 = 2500Q. ,;
_ "2
TCr (4) suy ra: R, =
n, iijnj-rij-nj n|n2-nj-n2 t a; - i l n (4) suy ra: r, + r2 + r j + r4 = (300:0,3 - 1).10 = 9990 ;•'
n,R =:>r4 = 9 9 9 0 - 4 9 9 0 = 5000Q.
V a y : Gia tri cac dien trd R,, R2 la R, = ^ — ; R2 = Vay: Gia trj cac dien trd la r, = 4 9 0 0 ; r2 = 2 0 0 0 Q ; r j = 2 5 0 0 0 va u = 5 0 0 0 O .
"i"2""r"2 njn2-n[-n2
7,7. M i l i a m p e ke c6 ca'u tao nhu" hlnh ve.
7.6. V o n ke c6 ca'u tao nhiT hinh
Dien ke' c6 Rg = 4 0 O chju dU'dc cu"dng do
ve. D i e n k e c6 dien t r d Rg = I \
2mA. M d y do c6 cac thang do I i =.10mA,
lOQ, chiu diTdc ciTdng do R3 R2 1 R,
l2 = 30mA, 1.,= 100mA.
'5 ' 30mA. V o n ke' c6 cac thang do 1 0 i 4 1
rimR|,R2, R3.
15V, 75V, 150V, 300V. T i m r,, |
Bai giai 0
12, fa, U.
Bai giai Cirdng do dong dien toi da qua ampe ke': I = ( 1 + — ,
H i e u dien the t o i da giCTa hai dau dien ke: Ug = IgRg = 0,03.10 = 0,3V.
R < Neu noi vcti chot (1) thi sdn gom [R, nt R2 nt R 3 ] :
H i e u d i e n the t o i da giffa hai dau von ke: U = ( 1 + — ^ ) . U ^ .
R 40
R 6 ;v
I, = ( 1 + ).I o 10 = (1 + ).2
R1+R2+R3 R,+R2+R3
N6'u n6'i chot O va 1: U , = ( l + ^ ) . U g . 40
R,+R,+R, = = 10 (1)
1 2 3 10
1A
15 = ( 1 + - L ) . 0 , 3 2
(1)
10 Neu noi vdi chot (2) thi sdn gom [R2 nt R 3 ] : :„ 1
N e u noi chot O va 2: U , = . R„+Ri 40+R, 40+R

h =(^ + J „ ) - I „ < ^ 30 = (1 + !-).2 «
R2+R3 ^ R2+R3 R2+R3
=>R, - I 4 R 2 _ ]4R3 = _ 4 0 (2)

o 75 = ( l + ^ i ^ ) . 0 , 3 (2) 4-
Ne'u noi vdi chot (3) thi sdn la R3:
N e u noi chot O va 3: = (l+î^^^^^).Ug R +R,+R2 40+R,+R,

I3 = ( i + _ L _ J 100 = (1 + ^ ^).2 v
g R3 R3
^ 4 0 + R , + R - 100
oi50 = (l+iili^).0,3 (3) ^ ! ^ = 1 = 49 R , + R2 - 49R3 = - 4 0 (3)
R3
6i doSng hoc sinh giSFVat ly IT, Tap 1 - iviguyen Mnu-pnnr Cty T M H H ' M T V D W H Khang V i ^ t '
Rj+Rj+Rj^lO [RI=6,67Q rptn R i ' R2

- Ta c6 he: • R , - I 4 R 2 - I 4 R 3 = - 4 0 = > JR2=2,33Q R.+R,
c6: f = \
[R,+ R2-49R3 = -40 [R3 = 1 Q R.
Vay: Gia tri cac d i e n trd R,, R 2 , R 3 la Ri = 6,67 Q ; R 2 = 2,33 Q ; R 3 = 1 Q . l+R 2 _

= 99
7,8. A m p e ke c6 cafu tao nhiT hinh ve. ^ ^ 0,01 R, R,
Neu sur dung hai chot A , B thi gia trj

moi do chia cua ampe ke la l A ; ne'u
sur dung hai chot B , C thi gia tri m o i Ri h ^2
do chia la 0,25A. l+R, l+R
1=24 (5)
a) T i m gia trj m o i do chia khi dung hai chot A , C. 0,01 R- R.
b) B i e t dien trd dien ke g = I Q va gia trj m o i do chia khi khong sijr dung dien trci 99Ri - R 2 = 1 R, =0,0105^
Tir(4) va (5) suy ra:
, phulaO,01A. T i m R i , R 2 .
R,-24R2 = - 1 R2 = 0,042n • '• 'in.-
Bai giai
a) Gia trj m o i do chia khi siir dung hai cho't A , C Vay: Gia trj cac d i e n trd R , va R2 la R , = 0 , 0 1 0 5 Q va R2 = 0 , 0 4 2 Q .
R 7.9. tim cu'dng dp dong dien qua dien trd R = 7 5 Q , '

Cirdng do dong dien qua ampe ke: I = (1 + — ^ ) . I g . 4 ngi/di ta mac noi tiep vdi R mot ampe ke (RA = 1—(A^
& »••--' *— - J ' . ' 5Q). Biet UAB khong d d i . T i m sai so tUPng do'i
R +R2 cua phep do khi coi cu^dng dp qua R tru'dc va sau
Neu sijrdung chot A , B thi: I j = (1+-^ (1)
R, khi mic ampe ke' nhU' nhau.
B a i giai
Neu siir dung chot B , C thi: = (1+-^— (2)
Ri Cirdng dp dong dien qua R khi chu'a mifc ampe ke: I = — . , j , ,^
R
Neu si3f dung chot A , C thi: I3 = (1 + (3) U

CiTcfng dp dong dien qua R khi mac them ampe ke: I =
R.+R, «
R+R
Sai so tu'dng do'i cua phep do ci/dng dp dong dien qua R :

1+
R. U U _
Ta c5: = ^ = 4 o = 4
0,25 R. AI I - I' R R+ R R.
A _ .11 •
1 + I I U R(R + R , ) R + R
R
Goi n la gia trj m o i dp chia khi sur dung hai chot A , C: ;/.ii!,i:;j;;ia.-;
AI
= 0,0625 = 6,25% . 'iii4 i/i^-i I1 1 k
1 + I 75+5
I3 _ n _ R1+R2 _ R,
"2 _ 1 1 = 0,2A'
>n = 0 , 2 5 .
0,25 R,+ R2 1 1,25 ^^y: Sai so' tiTPng d o i cua phep do la y - = 6,25% .
1+ + 1 +1
R-2 R.
. -^2
Vay: Gid trj m o i do chia khi suf dung hai cho't A , C la 0 , 2 A .
195
9i6i V$t ly 11. t?p 1 - NguySn Phu £)6ng
Cty TIMHH IVITV DWH Khanr, \/ia»
7.10. Do R theo hai each nhif hinh
(1) (2) j^jgu dien the hai dau R2: U2 = IR2 = 0,75.100 = 75V.
ve, so' chi cua cac may do
R Vay: Hieu dien the" hai dau R2 la U2 = 75V.
trong cac triTdng hdp: .B
Gia trj Rv de sai so' tUdng do'i khong qua 1 %
(1) la I , = 2,06A;U| =49,6V.
(2) la l2= 1,49A; U2 = 50V. CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I -
•I .
Tim R , RA, RV- Biet UAB khong ddi. R
.i
B a i giai u 120 120
= 0,8A
49,6 2480 R,R 100.900 60+90
- Trircrnghc}p(l): (1) R.+ 60+
I, R+Rw 2,06 103 ' Rz+Ry 100+900
Hi6u dien the hai dau R2: U2 = I . R . R v

50 5000
- Trirdng hdp (2): 1 =R+R = (2) ^ ^ = 0,8.90 = 72V .
149
1,49 Rj+Ry
RR, 06 chinh la so' chi cua von ke'.
- Matkhac:U2 = U A B n e n : U A B = Ii(RA+ • — ^ ) = U
R+R. U-U' AU 7 5 - U '
Sai so tu'cfng doi: = • U ' > 74,25V.
=> = 75 <0,01
RRv U, 50 2500 U U u
R.+ - — - (3) Hieu dien the'hai dau R2:
R+R, I, 2,06 103
U•ÂB '-ÂB-'^2^V
- La'y(3)trtr(l): R = ^500 _ 2480 ^ ^ R+A^y, Ra+Ry R,R2+Rv(Ri+R2)
103 103
Rz+Ry
5000
- Thay RA vac (2): R = -0,194 = 33,36^. 120.100.R, 12000R,,
149 o 74,25 <
60.100 + Ry(60 + 100) 6000+160R,
33,36R V _ 2480
- ThayRvao(l):
103 O l 2 0 R v > 445500=>Rv >3712,5Q.
, 33,36 + Rv
Vay: De sai so tu'dng doi khong qua 1 % thi Ry > 3712,5Q.
956,08Rv = 82732,8 =^ Rv = 86,53 Q.
^•12. Cho mach dien nhu-hinh ve, UAB khong do'i, biet RA, Ry
Vay: Gia trj cac dien tr3 R = 33,36 Q; RA = 0,194Q; Ry = 86,53 Q.
"'1 •
Tinh gia tri dung cua R^ d moi each do.
7.11. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: R, = 60Q va R2 = lOOfi m^c noi tiep vao AB,
"Rnh sai so" tu'dng doi d (1)
UAB = 120V (khong doi). (2)
•ôi each theo R^, RA, R V A ^ B A R« B
a) Tinh U2.
R. •^hi coi gia tri dien trd la ^ ® 3-
b) M^c von ke Rv = 900Q vao C, B, tim so chi
h i - U
von ke' va sai so tiTdng doi khi cbi U2 bkng so'
R2 I
chi von ke. De sai so tiTdng doi khong qud 1%
thi Rv phai la bao nhieu? ' '^'li Rx tang, xet su" tang giam cua cac sai so tren va rut ra y nghTa thiTc te.
B a i giai ^'"1 Rx theo RA, RV de hai sai so tren bang nhau, xet khi R A « R V
a) TinhU2
U
'^•a tn dung cua R ,
120
Cirdng do d6ng dien qua mach chinh: 1 = = 0,75A.
R,+R, 60+100 "^•"^^nghclpd): - =
I R„+Rw R,.Rv u R. R^
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi«t
Bfli dugng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
1 U.R V _ U R^+VR^4R^RV R A + V ^ R A R V _ RA , /Firrv-

I.Rv-U j _ U =>Rx = 2 ~ 2 ~ ^NÂRV
U R. R„
v a y : De hai sai so bang nhau thi =—+,/R^R^.» kf i t ' ;
Trirdng hcJp (2): = R^+R^ R^ = y - R^ .
b) Sai so tiTdng do'i d moi each theo Rx, RA, RV
Sai so tiTcfng doi d moi each: ^ :>.ti:i
U 0iuyin de 8:
+ Cach l : T i n h g a n d i i n g R x : = J- CONG VA CONG SUAT CUA DONG DIEN
yl.XbM T A T RIEN THLTC A
R. RX 1, Cong va cong suat cua dong di^n trgn rngt doan mach M't ki (kj ! •
Ma R = -
! 1 ' - => • 1 i , Cong cua dong dien: A = Ult. , i : .„,uv ..tx....- .iv.i.ijp j r ^ i
" I R'„ Rx Rv
- + - too \
U R, R'x Rv ^1^' Cong suat cua dong dien: P = — = UI.

R, 2. Nhi^t lufcjfng va cfing suS't tidu thy bdi doan mach chi toa nhj$t <
AR Rv IT2
X _ 1 _
R. 1 1 R, - NhietlUWng: Q = A = UIt = R I ^ t = — t . i|
Rx Rv R, Rw R„ R
t R
- Cong sua't nhiet: P = ^ = U I = RI^ =
+ Cach 2: Tinh gan dung R^: R, = iL. '"^^ ' - Ddn vi cua A va Q c6 the la J, kWh hoac cal (calo) vdi:
+ l k W h ( s o c h i c 6 n g - t d d i e n ) = 3.600.000J = 3.600kJ.
AR
X _
I I A _ R^ + IJ = 0,24 cal; leal = 4,18J.
R, - Cac dung cu chi toa nhiet thudng gap la bong den, ban la, be'p dien,... Cac
dung cu nay hoat dong binh thu'dng khi hieu dien the dat vao hai dau dung
Vay: Sai so Wdng doi theo each I la AR X _ . t V/, 1 (•
cu bang hieu dien the dinh miJc (ghi tren dung cu), luc do dong dien qua
R.
R„ dung cu bang dong dien djnh muTc va cong sua't tieu thu ciia dung cu bang
jjlpl: cong suat dinh miJc (ghi tren dung cu).
sai so tiTdngdoi theo each 2 la =— . ;
Rx Rx / ^ - N H O N Q CHLF Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P
c) Tim Rx theo RA, Rv Eîen trd cua cac dung cu chi toa nhiet (den, ban la, bep dien, a'm dien...)
De sai so tiTdng doi nho thi: neu Rx Idn ta dung each 2; neu Rx nho ta diing each ^Wc tinh bang cong thiTc: R = (Udn„ Pdm la cac gia trj djnh miJc cua
Hai sai so tren bang nhauR.thi: R
R. ^«RX-RARX-RARV=O dung cu thu'dng di/dc ghi tren dung cu) hoac c6 the di/dc tinh bling cong thiJc
R. Rx+Rv R I
1 + R.
S
too
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i Vjt 1^ 11, t$p 1 - IMguyIn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vjgt
- Neu khong bo qua siT thay doi dien trd cua dung cu theo nhiet dp thi ckn ch^j Bai giai
y den cong thifc: R = Ro(i + a t) khi xdc dinh dien trd cua dung cu. 2 .
QQng suat tda nhiet cua day nikelin: P| = Ril = Rj
- Khi Sit dung cac dung cu chi toa nhiet de dun nong cac vat can chii y: f R1+R2
+ khi cac vat bi dun nong, nhiet lU'dng can cung cap cho vat do la: Q = mc
(m la khoi lU'dng cua vat, c la nhiet dung rieng cua cha't lam vat. At la (jg QQng sua't tda nhiet cua day nicrom: P2 = R2I = Rj •
R1+R2 t'"' -'
tang nhiet dp ciia vat).
+ khi cac vat bi nong chay, nhiet lU'dng can cung cap cho vat la: Q' = Lm (L
la nhiet nong chay cua cha't lam vat). R2. ^ \ 4,7.1Q'\ 2.10"^ _g '
A' ^ ^\ 'i 0,5.10"^ '4,4.10-^1 ~
Pi
- Cong thiJc tinh hieu sua't: H % = —.100%, A ' la cong c6 ich va A la con? s,
A ^
Vdy: Day nicrom se tda nhiet nhieu hdn va nhieu ga'p 8,55 Ian.
loan phan.
8.3. Be'p dien diing vdi nguon U - 220V.
- De giai quyet cac bai toan ve ciTc trj cua cong suat ta thU'dng suf dung he qua
a) Neu ma'c bep vao nguon 1 lOV, cong sua't be'p thay doi bao nhieu Ian?
cua bat dang thiJc Co-si:
b) Muon cong sua't khong giam khi mac vao nguon 1 lOV phai mac lai eupn day
+ Hai so dUdng a, b c6 tich ab = const thi tdng (a+b) = (a+b),„i„ khi a = b.
b^'p dien nhu" the nao?
+ Hai so du"dng a, b c6 tong (a+b) - const thi tich ab = (ab)„,ax khi a == b.
Bai giai ^'^
C . C A C B A I T A P V E CONG V A CONG S U A T CUA DOING DIEIN
a) C6ng sua't be'p thay doi bao nhieu Ian
8.1. Bong den cong suat 60W c6 day toe bang vonfram (he so nhiet dien trcl a =
4,5.10 'dp '). Nhiet dp khi chay sang la 2800°C. Tim cong suat den ngay luc - Khi mac be'p dien vao nguon U = 220V: P = Hi
viTa bat den. Nhiet dp phong la 20°C.
Bai giai - Khi mdc be'p vao ngu6n U, = 1 lOV: R=}S-^^ =^ = 11^ = i
Gpi Ro la dien trd ciia den d 0°C. , ' R P 220^ 4 "
- Dien trd cua den khi chay sang (t|=2800°C) la: R i = R o ( l + a t , ) . ,] VSy: Neu mac be'p vao nguon 1 lOV tW cong sua't cua be'p giam di 4 Ian.
- Dien trd ciia den liic viTa mdi bat d nhiet dp phong (ta = 20°C) la: Cdch mac lai cupn day be'p dien: Muon cong sua't khong doi thi dien trd phai
R2 = R o ( l + U t 2 ) .
gi^mdi41an: R ' = — = - ^ - ^
- Cong suat cua den khi chay sang: P , = — = =60=:>—=60(l+at,) 4 R R
—+ —
; ' ^ ' R, Ro(l+at,) Ro
2 2 ^--i''
- Cong suat cua den liic mdi bat: Pj = ây: Phai mac song song hai nijra day dan.
R2 Ro(l+at2)
Ngirdi ta dung nicrom lam mot day be'p dien. Nicrom c6 he so nhiet dien trd
^ p _ 60(1 -fat,) ^ 60(1 +4,5.10-\2800) « = 2.10V, dien trd suat.d 20°C la p = l,l.IO"'^Qm. Day be'p dien c6 tiet
^ l+atj 1+4,5.10-\20 ^'^n S = 0,25mm^ tieu thu mot cong suat P = 600W khi mdc vao nguon U =
Vay: Cong suat cua den luc viTa mdi bat la P2 = 748,6W. '20V va nhiet dp day be'p dien luc nay la 800°C. Tim chieu dai cua day.
8.2. Day nikelin (dien trd sua't p = 4,4.10"^Qm), chieu dai l m , tiet dien 2mnr Bai giai
day nicrom (p = 4,7.10~^Qm), chieu dai 2m, tiet dien 0,5mm^ mac no'i ti'-P ^^•ig sua't tieu thu cua day be'p dien: P = — = =
R / p,(l+aAt)l
vao mot nguon dien. Day nao se tda nhiet nhieu hdn va nhieu gap may Ian
200 201
B6\g hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Pliu Uuny Cty T N H H M T V D W H Khang vi§t
U^S 120^0,25.10" ^•^ So vong day bep dien

=> / = = 2 -A = 4,1m.
P.p,(l+aAt) 600.1,1.10"^.(1+2.10"'*.780) U U^S
. pien trd cua day bep dien: R = = p - =^ / =
' Vay: Chieu dai cua day la / = 4,7m. P S P.p
8.5. NgiTdi ta mic noi tiep mot day chi trong mach dien. Chi c6 nhiet dung ri^
Goi N so vong day bep dien: / - N.2nr o N.ln.T =
c = 120J/kg.do, dien trd suat p= 0,219.10"'^Qm, khoi liTdng rieng D = 1 Pp
kg/m\t nong chay 25000 J/kg, nhiet do nong chay 327°C. U^S 120^71.(0,1.10-^)^
Day chi c6 tiet dien s = 0,2mm^ nhiet dp 27°C. N = — = 30(vong)
27t.r.P.p 271.0,02.600.4.10"
Biet rang khi doan mach cifcfng do dong dien qua day la 30A. Hoi bao \}^^
Vay: So'vong day bep dien la 30 vong. '' ' ' <' i
sau khi doan mach thi day chi diJt? Bo qua siT toa nhiet cua day chi ra ingj
8.7. Bep dien mac vao nguon U = 120V. Tong dien trd ciia day noi tif nguon den
tru'dng va su" thay ddi cua p theo nhiet dp.
! bep la IQ. Cong sua't toa nhiet tren bep la l , l k W . Tinh cu^dng dp dong dien
Bai giai
qua bep va dien trd cua bep.
Nhiet lu'png toa ra tren day dan: Q = Rl^t.
Bai giai u
Nhiet lirpng can thiet de nang nhiet dp day tCf 27°C len 327°C: Q, = mc At.
Mach dien du'dc ve lai nhu'sau:
Nhiet lifpng can thiet de day chi d nhiet dp 327°C bj dift: Q2 = mX.
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
U HID C
T a c 6 : Q = Q,+Q2 .r-, u ^ r R R
R+R,
'.j,."S iti. ' »1 ti , V i tj.
o Rl^t = mc At + m J i O p - I ^ t = D.S.l(cAt + ?i) o pl^t = DS^cAt + X)
Hieu dien the hai dau cua be'p: Ub = Rbl = URb
R+Ru
DS^(cAt + >i) 11300(0,2.10-^)^(120.300 + 25000)
t= = — = 0,14s
U.R. 1 U^R,
Pr 0,219.10-^30^ Cong sua't toa nhiet tren be'p: P = — = (
R. R+R Rb (R+RJ'
Vay: Thdi gian de day chi bi dii't !a t = 0,14s.
8.6. Bep dien noi vdi hieu dien the U = 120V c6 cong suat P = 600W du'dc dung de I20^R
o 1100 = ^ o 144R, = 11(R.+1)^ ' f*''*'"* 'ii6b
dun soi 2 lit nirdc (c = 4200J/kg.dp) tiT 20°C den 100°C, hieu suat bep la 807^.
a) Tim thcJi gian dun va dien nang tieu thu theo kWh.
o 1IR^ - I 2 2 R ^ + 11 = 0 =x> R(, = H Q .
b) Day bep dien c6 du^dng kinh d, = 0,2mm, dien trd suat p = 4.10"^Qm qui"
tren ong hinh try bang suf diTcJng kinh d2 = 2cm. Tinh so vong day bep dien U 120
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua be'p: I = = lOA.
Bai giai R+R^ 1+11
a) Thdi gian dun va dien nang tieu thu Ui' Vay: Cu'dng dp dong dien qua be'p la I = lOA, dien trd cua be'p la Rt = 11 !^ •
^•8. Cho hai den 120V - 40W va 120V - 60W mac noi tiep vao nguon U = 240V.
Hieu suat cua bep: H = —.100% = —.100% = 80%
^) Tinh dien trd moi den va ciTdng dp dong dien qua hai den. • '
A' p.t
mcAt ^„ mc.At 2.4200.(100-20) ^ Tinh hieu dien the va cong sua't tieu thu moi den. i ,) 0. - î
o = 0,8 => t = = = 1400s = 23,3 phut. Nhan xet ve dp sang ciia moi den
Pt 0,8P 0,8.600
840000 Cho biet dieu kien de hai den 120V sang binh thiTdng khi mac noi tiep vao
Dien nSng tieu thu: A = Pt = 600.1400 = 840000J = « 0,23 kWh • nguon 240V la gi?
3600000
Vay: Thdi gian dun va dien nSng tieu thu cua bep la t = 23,3 phut va A = ^'^ ' Bai giai
E)ien trd moi den va ciTdng dp dong dien qua hai den '
203,
B6l duBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt 1^ 11, tjlp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
^ | y : De hai den sang binh thiTdng can mc'ic [R, nt D, nt (D2 // R2)] vdi R, :^
2 200, R2 = 80Q.
Dien trd cua d6n 1: R. = = = 360ft .
Co hai den 120V - 6 0 W 120V - 45W.
' Pdm, 40 8.10-
f i m dien trd va cu'dng dp dong dien djnh miJc moi den.
Dien trd cua den 2: R 2 = =^ = 240ft.

^1 Mac hai den theo mot trong hai each nhU hinh dU'di, UAB = 2 4 0 V . Hai d
Pdm, 60 sang binh thu'dng. Tim r i , r2. Cach m^c nao c6 Idi hPn?
Ci/dne do done dien qua hai den: I - — ^ — = — — = 0,4A . D, B2

B
R,+R2
^ •
b) Hieu dien the

^ • ^
c6ng sua't tieu thu moi d^n

360+240
®
Hieu dien the cua den 1: U, = R,I = 360.0,4 = 144V.
Cong suat tieu thu cua den 1: Pi = R , f = 360.0,4^ = 57,6W. ;
(Cach 2)
Hieu dien the cua den 2: U2 = R2l = 240.0,4 = 96V. (Cach 1)
Cong suat tieu thu cua den 2: P2 = R 2 I ' = 240.0,4'= 38,4W. Bai giai
Ta c6: Pi > P^j^^^^ => den 1 sang choi. a) Dien trd va cu'dng dp dong dien dinh miJc moi den
P2 < Pjj„,^ => den 2 sang md. ^dm 120^
De hai den 120V sang binh thu'dng khi mac noi tiep vao nguon 240V thi hai Dien trd cua den 1: R . = = = 240ft.
Pdn. 60
den phai c6 cijng cong suat djnh miJc.
1 _ 60
8.9. Hai den Di (12V - 7,2W) va D2 (16V - 6,4W) diTdc mac noi tiep roi mac vao Cifdng dp dong dien djnh miJc cua den 1: I^j^^^ = 0,5A.
1 U dm I 120
nguon U = 40V. Hoi phai dCing toi thieu bao nhieu dien trd phu, each mac va
gia tri ciia cac dien trd phu de ca hai den deu sang binh thu'dng? U imj _ 120^
Bai giai Dien trd cua den 2: R . = = 320ft.
45
De hai den sang binh thu'dng thi cu'dng do dong dien qua den phai bang
cU'cfng dp dong dien dinh mile cua den. dm2 _ 45
Cu'dng dp dong dien dinh miJc cua den 2: I = 0,375A.
Pdm 72 u dm-i 120
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den I : I , = = = 0,6A .
^) Tinh ri, r2
Cirdng dp ddng dien qua ri: I , = Id„,, + Idmj = ^'^ + ^'^"^^ = 0,875A. ;
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den 2: , = "^"'^ = — = 0,4A .
""^ 16 Hieu dien the hai dau r,: U , = UAB - U^„,^ = 240 - 120 = 120V. ,,
Nhit vay, phai mile (R2 // D2), cu'dng do dong dien qua R2: E)ientrdr,:ri = H.=_120 = 137ft.
1,875
h = Id„, - Id.u2 = - 0,4 = 0,2A ^ R^ = ^ = ^ = 80ft
Cirdng dp ddng dien qua TJ. = I<,„,j -1^^,^ = 0,5 - 0,375 = 0,125A.
. Taco: U - U 2 = 4 0 - 1 6 = 24V
Hi6u dien the hai dau rr. U2 = U^„,^ = 120V. ; ,
NhU vay phai mac (Ri nt Di), hieu dien the hai dau Ri:
U, = U - U 2 - U =24-12=12Vz^R, = i ^ = -i^=20Q
' ^dm 205
_ 120 B a i giai
D i e n t r d rz: = = 777:^7 . :fl :i''<itfr-t i>r.; -.fnAI:.'!*
100 .,,„, .;„, <t
^2 ^,2 'f'''^^^'-'- 240^
+ Cach 1: P, = — = =210W. dm I 100 5 ^

CiTcfng dp dong dien dinh miJc cua den 1: 1^^^^ =
. Rd.-Rd, ,37+ 240.320__ 1 udmi
î+R , 240 + 320
' " 1 ^ 2 dm 2 _
p i e n trd cua den 2: =
dnii
. C a e h 2 : P , . ^ . = = 120W
dm
i , ^ " i ^ . + Rr ^ 960 + 320 / Ci^dng dp dong dien dinh miJc ciia den 2: 1^,^^^ = ^ = - = 0,83A.
.,,,.•0/, ^ ^dm.
6
Ta thay: P 2 < Pi nen each mac thiJ 2 Icfi hdn. • ^ > •
8.11. M o t chuoi den trang t r i gom 20 bong den 6V - 3W m^c noi tiep vao nguon Ng'u ma'c vao nguon U = 120V thi cUdng dp dong dien qua m o i den la:
dien 120V. Sau do c6 mot bong bi hu". Co the khie'n den sang nhcJ each nao U 120
1= = 0,79A
sau day: Rj+Rj 144 + 7,2
a) Thao bong den hu'ra, nhet gia'y bac vao duoi den de noi mach. Ta thay: I < I<i,„ nen c6 the mac no'i tie'p hai den vao nguon 120V.
b) Noi hai dau day dien cua den bi hu" lai.Sau do, trong each l a m du'tJc chpn do !.13. De mac den vao nguon hieu dien the
sang long cong ciia 19 den con lai so vdi 20 den ban dau Idn hdn hay nlui Idn hdn gia trj ghi tren den, c6 the diing
hdn? Cac den c6 the bi chay (du't tim) d l dang khong? mOt trong hai sd do ben. Sd do nao c6
R a i giai hiû sua't cao hdn?
Ca hai each a,b deu c6 the sif dung de lam den sang: Bi6't trong hai triTdng hdp den sang binh
- Do'i vdi each a: thirdng.
+ Ne'u dien trd cua gia'y bac nho hdn dien trd den thi dien trd tU'dng du'dn?
B a i giai
cua toan mach giam => cong sua't tang nen do sang tong cong ciia 19 den
Hieu suat cao hdn tiJc la cong sua't hao phi do toa nhidt nhd hdn. j j j , .y^j j
Idn hdn 20 den ban dau => den c6 the bj du't t i m de dang.
Gpi R la dien trd m^c them vao den. Ta c6:
+ N e u dien trd ciia gia'y bac bang dien trd den thi dien t r d tU'dng du'dng ciia
toan mach khong doi => cong suat khong doi nen do sang cac den khong
+ Dien trd ti/dng di/dng cua toan mach trong sd do 1: R, = ^ + —
ddi. • T,,,/'', ,„:,f„^, * ; ,
R 2
+ Ne'u dien t r d ciia gia'y bac Idn hdn dien trd den thi dien t r d tiTdng difdng
2 -v::.
cua toan mach t i n g => cong sua't giam nen do sang tdng cong cua 19 de"
nhd hdn 20 den ban dau. Dien t r d tiTdng du'dng c u a t o a n m a c h t r o n g sd d o 2: R 2 = y + R d
- D d i v d i each b: D i e n trd tU'dng du'dng cua toan mach giam => cong sua't tang
nen dp sang tdng cong ciia 19 den Idn hdn 20 den ban dau nen den c6 the t"!
tha'y: R^>- -=> R2>Ri .'ui.: oad f^-Vi-
diJt t i m de dang. "' " "
8.12. Co the m^c hai den (120V - lOOW) va (6V - 5W) noi tiep vao nguon I '
120V diTdc khong?
206 ^07
"B!!Tîfflng h p t smn giOT v?T ly 11, t!jp I - riguyen pmrPCTn?-
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vig
Cong sua't toa nhiet: Pj = — ; = ^ f - 6201 + 12000 = 0 => I , = 600A; I2 = 20A.

^gng suat hao phi tren day: jîyii;^
Vi Rj > R| => P2 < Pi nen each mac thi? 2 c6 hieu suat cao hdn. ^p^ = Rif = 10.6000^ = 36.10^ > 120000 (loai) '< Hi '> 1
AP = RI? = 10.20^ = 4000W = 4 kW ' ' '' ^ ' '

8.14. Co ba den, hieu dien the djnh miJc moi
p5 giam the tren day: AU = RI = 10.20 = 200V A, • j.p ,j,y^ „;,.
den la 1 lOV m^c vao nguon U = 220V.
P' 1''0000 ' 'i,'
Tim he thiJc lien he cac cong suat P i , rtigu sua't tai dien: H = —.100% = ——.100% = 96,77%.
- P 6200.20 , :
P2, P3 de chung sang binh thu'dng?
V$y: E)p giam the' tren day la A U = 200V; cong sua't hao phi tren day la
J Itai giai
= 4 kW; hieu suat tai dien la H = 96,77%.
De 3 den sang binh thu'dng thi: 1^^^^^ +1^,^^^ = Id m 3
jl7. Cin phai tang hieu dien the d hai dau nguon dien len bao nhieu Ian de
•'dm, •^dm •"dm. giam tieu hao nang lu'dng tren du'dng day 100 Ian neu cong sua't truyen den
2 _ • 1
u u u u, u . tieu thu khong doi.

dm I dm-1
' 2
Bi^t ban dau dp giam the' tren du'dng day la AU = nU, (vdi Uj la hieu dien
Ma U | = U 2 = U 3 = 1 1 0 V = ^ P i + P2 = P3
thS'ndi tieu thu, n la he so ti le). j
Vay: De cac den sang binh thu-cJng thi P | + P2 = P3.
8.15. TCr nguon U = lOOOOV, can truyen di mot cong sua't nguon P = 5000kW Bai giai
tren du'dng dai 5km. • C6ng sua't toan phan cua nguon: Pj = Pj + AP,.
Dp giam the tren day khong du'dc vu'dt qua 1% U nguon.Tinh tie't dien nho o U I , = U , I i + A P , « ( U - U , ) I , =AP,
nha't cua day dan bie't dien trd sua't ciia day p= l,7.10^^Qm. AR '
Uk—^= RI, = nUj
Bai giai
^1
P 5 10 AP,
CiTdng dp dong dien tren day: I = — = = 500A.
U 10" => ( U - U , ) = — i = n U , = ^ U = ( n + 1 ) U , (1)
^1
Dp giam the tren day: AU = RI < 1%U => p - . I < -.10000= 100. Gpi Uala hieu dien the'd hai dau nguon dien sau khi ting: ,
s 100
pll l,7.10'^5000.500 P2=P2 +AP2 O U2I2 =UiIi-l-Rl2 O U2I2 = U j I , + '
s> = 4,25.10'"* m 100 niM'
100 100
S,„in = 4,25.10"* m^ = 4,25 cm\ Taco: Ril = ^ ^^î u,-^ = U , i + ^
Vay: Tiet dien nho nhat cua day dan la S,„in = 4,25 cm^. ^ 100 2 10 MO ' ' 1 0 0
8.16. TCr nguon U = 6200V, dien nang du'dc truyen tren day den ndi tieu th^' " ^ U = i o u , + ^ = 1 0 U , + ^ (AU = RI, = n U , )
Dien trd cua day dan R = lOQ. Cong suat tai ndi tieu thu P' = 120kW. ^ ' 1 0 ' '10 ' '
Tinh dp giam the' tren day, cong sua't hao phi tren day va hieu sua't tai dief _ (n+100),, _ (n+100) U .
Bie't cong sua't hao phi tren day nho hdn cong sua't ndi tieu thu. '~ 10 10 WT^
Bai giai ^^y- Phai tang hieu dien the ct hai dau nguon dien len ^" ^ '"^^ Ian.
- Cong sua't toan phan cua nguon: P = P' + RI^. e . ]0(n-(-l)
o U I = U ' l + RI^ <=> 62001 = 120000 + 101^
208 209
B6i dLfing hgc sinh gi6i V{it ly 11, Ijp 1 - Nguygn PhO D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVlMU,.,,,, V,?1
8.18. M o t may bdm dien boat dpng vdi hieu dien the' U = 360V va dong I =: I H i e u suat cua tau dien khi chuyen dpng tren mat phang nghieng:
bcJm niTdc len d6 cao h = 4m qua mot 6'ng c6 tiet dien S = 0,01 m^, m6i „j!^' A =Ap +Ap = }imgS,cosa+mgS,sina
dirpc 80 l i t . '
fxmgSjCosa+mgSjSina _ mgV2(Hcosa+sina)
a) T i n h hieu suaft cua may bPm. Cho g = 10 m/s^
b) Gia stf ma sat l a m tieu hao 16% cong suat cua dpng cP va phan cong sua't h
phi c6n l a i la do hieu ufng Jun-LenxP hay tinh dien trd trong cua dpng co, ' V H2UI2 ^ . 0,8.240.50
. ' H - : : ^';r B a i giai ...^.tj ^2 ~ mg(ncosa+sina) ~ 4800.10(0,01.cos0,03+sin0,03) ~ ^
a) H i e u suat cua may bdm
Vay: V a n toe cua tau dien tren doan du'dng dau la v, = 10 m/s, tren doan
1 2 diTdng sau la V2 = 5 m/s. , • ""-^^f;;' " V"-
- Congco ichcuamaybdmCthirchientrong 1 s): A ' = m g h + -2m v .
8.20. D i e n trd R mac vao hieu dien the U = 160V khong d o i , tieu thu cong suat
V 80 10""* P = 320W.
- = 8 m/s
v d i : m = D V = 10\80.10^ = 80 kg; v = — = = 8 m/s.
St lO-ll a) Tinh R va cu'dng dp dong dien qua R.
4
1 „„„2. b) Thay R bang hai dien trd R,, R j no'i tie'p, R, = lOQ. K h i nay cong suat tieu thu
=> A ' = 80.10.4 + - . 8 0 . 8 = 5 7 6 0 J mii
2 cua R2 la P2 - 480W. T i n h ciTdng dp dong dien qua R2 va gia trj cua R2. B i e t
- D i e n nang tieu thu cua may bdm (trong 1 s): A = U l t = 360.25.1 = 9000J. R2 chju diTPc dong dien khong qua lOA.
- H i e u sua't cua may bdm: H = — . 1 0 0 % = ^ . 1 0 0 % = 64%. c) V d i R i , R2 bat k i , Ian (1) miCc R, noi tiepRz, Ian (2) mic R, song song v d i R2
, A 9000 roi deu mac vao hieu dien the tren.
V a y : H i e u suat cua may bdm la H = 64%. Hoi tru-dng hdp nao cong suat tieu thu cua hai dien t r d Idn hdn va Idn hdn it
b) D i e n trd trong cua dpng cP nha'tbao nhieu Ian? , , ... , .
V i hieu suat cua may bdm la H = 64% = 0,64 nen cong suat hao phi la d m iO-: :m.Hl ;"*i-»,g iXmi^, ' •
Bai giai ;
AP = 0 , 3 6 P ^ AP = 0,16P+rl2 = 0 . 3 6 P = > r = ^ = ^ ^ ^ ^ =2,88Q.
a) Tinh R va cu'dng dp dong dien qua R
25^
Dien trd R : R = H 1 = 1 ^ = =8 08 000 .
V a y : D i e n trd trong cua may bdm la r = 2 , 8 8 Q . 320
8.19. T a u dien khoi li/dng m = 4800kg chay tren mat diTdng nlm ngang, sau^ P 320
l e n doc cd gdc nghieng a = 0,03rad. Cu'dng do dong dien qua R: I = — = = 2A.
B i e t tau chuyen dpng thang deu, tren doan diTdng dau, I , = 25A. Tren doa" U 160
*>) Tinh cirdng dp dong dien qua R2 va gia trj ciia R2 - O
dirdng sau: I 2 = 50A. B i e t he so ma sat |x = 0,01, hieu d i e n the tren du'^nJ
Cirdng dp dong («en qua R,, R j : I = I , = I2 = ^
day U = 240V, hieu suat cua dpng cd H = 0,8; g = 1 Om/sl R1+R2
T i n h van toe v, va Vz cua tau dien tren m o i doan diTdng. jj2
Bai giai C ng sua't tieu thu cua R2: P~ = R , I ^ = R ,
- H i e u sua't cua dong cd tau dien: H = — = 0,8.

160^R ' ' '
A ^ 480 = ^ 0 4 8 0 0 0 + 9600R, + 480R^ = 160^R,
- V i tau chuyen dpng thang deu nen cong cd ich bang cong hao p h i . (10+1.2)'
- K h i tau chuyen dpng tren mat p h i n g ngang:

480R2 - I6OOOR2+ 48000 = 0 : ^ R2 = 3 0 0 ; R ^ = — O.
u n ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 ^
' Uljt, Ul, • ,jiing 0,01.4800.10
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B6i diOng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu 06ng Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
22. ^^9'- '^^y dong dien I | - 1,4A di qua thi nong len de'n ti = SS^C,
Cirdng do dong dien qua R2: I j = ^ = =^ 4A .
K|4-K2 1 U+ J U khi CC OO dong I2
l^^hi I2 = 2,8A; t2
t2 = 160"C. Coi nhiet lu"dng
lu"dng toa ra moi tru
trudng xung
quanh ti le thuan vdi dp chenh lech nhiet dp giCTa day va moi tru'dng.
va i ; = ^ = = 12A > lOA : (ioai). ^ ' *
jvlhiet dp moi tru'dng khong doi. Bo qua sii thay doi cua dien trd day theo
3 nhiet dp.
Vay: Cifdng do dong dien qua R2 la h = 4 A va R2 = 30 Q . n m nhiet dp day dan khi c6 dong I3 - 5,6A di qua. •v *
c) TrUdng hdp nao cong sua't tieu thu cua hai dien trd Idn hdn Bai giai
T2 «r
Gpi A la he so' ti le nhiet l U d n g toa ra moi tru'dng xung quanh: •.i-t (
Cong sua't tieu thu Ian 1: Pj = ^
AQ = A.At = A ( t - t o )
Nhiet lUdng toan phan cung cap cho day: Q = Q' + AQ :
Cong sua't tieu thu Ian 2:
p _ U^CR.+R^) ^ ^ (Ri+R;)^ ^ Rf+R^+2RiR^ Rlft = m c ( t i - t o ) + A ( t , - t o ) - ( t i - t o ) ( m c + A) (1)
, Rr^z ""Pi ^1-^2 Rl2t = m c ( t 2 - t o ) + A ( t 2 - t o ) = (t2-to)(mc + A)- (2) ri. , •

f 0 7 2R,R,+ 2R,R, „ ^„ Rl^t = mc(t3 - to) + A(t3 - to) = (t3 - to)(mc + A) (3)
Taco: R?+R^ > 2R,R, => ^ > ^ - ^ ^ ^ =^P2>4Pi.
' 2 Pi R1R2
' Vay: TrUdng hdp sau cong sua't tieu thu cua hai dien trd Idtn hdn truTdng hdp La'y (1) chia cho (2): V l ! < L < ^ (M)2 = llzlcL =1
' • t2-to ' 2 , 8 ' 160-to 4
dau va Idn hdn it nha't 4 Ian.
8.21. Diing be'p dien de dun ni/dc trong am. Neu noi bep vdi hieu dien the U , = o 220 - 4to = 160 - to =:> to = 20°C. ]
120V, thdi gian nu-dc soi la t, = 10 phut c6n neu U2 = lOOV thi t2 = 15 phut. Lay (2) chia cho (3): '
Hoi neu dung U3 = 80V thi thdi gian niTdc soi h la bao nhieu? l i = !lZio ^ ^ . I ^ ^ t 3 = 060-20).5,6^ , 2 0 . 5 8 0 » C . ^
Biet rang nhiet liTdng hao phi trong khi dun niTdc ti le vdi thdi gian dun nUdc. ll t3-to 5,6^ t3-20 ' 2,8^
Bai giai Vay: Khi cd dong h chay qua thi nhiet dp cua day dan la tj = 580°C.
Goi A la he so'ti le, nhiet lu-dng hao phi trong thdi gian dun ni/dc la: AQ = A.t. 8.23. Day chi du'dng kinh tie't dien di = 0,5mm dung lam cau chi, chiu diTdc
Nhiet liTdng cung cap cho nUdc trong 3 triTdng hdp la nhiT nhau va b^ng: cu'dng dp I3 < 3A. Coi nhiet lu'dng day chi toa ra moi tru'dng ti le thuan vdi
dien tich xung quanh cua day.Hoi day chi du'dng kinh d2 = 2mm se chiu du'dc
Q' = Q - AQ = ( - A)t, = ( ^ - A)t2 = ( ^ - A)t3
dong dien bao nhieu?
=^ (Uf - AR)tj = (U^ - AR)t2 = (U^ - AR)t3 ^ 6 qua sir mat nhiet do tiep xiic d hai dau day. ' ' "' •' '
Bai giai
Ta c6: (Uf - AR)t, = (U2 - AR)t2 •
Dong dien Idn nha't ma day chiu du'dc i^ng vdi tru'dng h d p khi cd can bSng
o (120^-AR).10 = (100^-AR).15 o 120^ - AR = 15000 -1,5AR nhiet, nhiet dp day chi bang nhiet dp ndng chay cua chi. ; , v-'Vil >
<=> 0,5 AR = 600 => AR = 1200 Gpi AQ la nhiet l i / d n g day chi toa ra moi triTdng xung quanh trong thdi gian
Mat khac: (Uj - AR)t2 = (U3 - AR)t3 At: AQ = kS'At . , , , ,^

Vdi: k la he so ti le, S' la dien tich xung quanh cua day chi.
^ (U^-AR)t2^(100^-1200).15^^3^^^p^.^^
E)o can bang nhiet nen nhiet lUdng toa ra moi triTdng b^ng nhiet lifdng do
" U^-AR 80^-1200
^dng dien cung cap:
Vay: Thdi gian dun soi ni/dc la U = 25,4 phiit.
O 1 T 213
B6i dugng hpc sinh gl6i Vjt 1^ 11, tgp 1 - Nguygn PhCi B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang V|st
Q = RIÂt = p - I ^ A t = kS'At —L = p - 1 - zz 4 p — 4 (4)

Ri =
P, S, \
+ TriTcfnghctp 1: p — I i ^ A t = kS',At
- p - ^ =4 p - ^ (5)
R2 =
P2 ^ 2 ndl
«4P^=k;:d,./.At (1) j^g'y (4) chia cho (5):
Ttdf
\}] P-2 /, d df UfP.
1-2 10\25
_ <=> =
+ T r i r d n g h d p 2 : p — l 2 A t = kS2At df '2 d\, d^ 100.220'
'1
(6)
r ^ 4p!l2^=k;td,./.At " (2) 16d^
I? dl d, I, d, ^ 4d,
Tir (3), (6) suy ra: = 64
- Lay(l)chiacho(2): ^ . ^ = - ^ o - i - = ( - ^ / 2
I6d
0,056
I2 d f I2 d^ = 0,014 mm
I2 = I , ( - f / 2 =3.(—/2 =24A.
ru-" A^-, - , '6^2/, 16.0,014^600

d / '0,5' Chieu dai h cua day toe: L = ^ = = 600 mm
dj 0,056^
Vay: Day chi diTdng kinh 62 se chiu diTdc dong dien toi da la 24A.
Vay: Chieu dai va di/dng kinh cua day toe den c6 cong sua't P2 k h i dung d
8.24. Day toe bong den cong suat P, = lOOW dung vdi hieu dien the U , = 1 lOV
hieu dien the U . la h = 600 mm va d2 = 0,014 mm.
CO chieu dai/i = 600mm va dUdng kinh tie't dien di = 0,056mni.
ho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, hieu dien the
T i m chieu dai h va diTdng kinh d2 cua day toe dbn c6 cong sua't P2 = 25W
U, cac dien trd r va r' la khong do'i, R la bien A +'
dung vdi hieu dien the U2 = 220V.
'fcl. T i m lien he giffa RQ, r, r' de cong sua't
Coi nhiet lu^cfng toa ra moi trUdng t i le thuan vdi dien tich xung quanh cua U
"Wet toa tren R hau nhu" khong ddi khi R bien R
day toe va nhiet do day toe trong hai den khi l a m viec la nhiJ nhau. ^
'hien nho quanh gia tri RQ. Tinh cong sua't Po B .1
j Bo qua su" truyen nhiet do tie'p xiic 6 hai dau day tdc.
u'ng. (Ro la phan dien trd cua R su" dung
B a i giai
'••ong mach).
Goi AQ la nhiet lUdng toa ra moi trUdng xung quanh trong thdi gian A t :
•^P dung so': U = 80V; r = r'. Ngu'di ta muon cd cong sua't Po toa tren RQ b^ng
AQ = kS'At
'OOW. Tinh Ro, r va cong sua't P, toa tren toan bp mach dien.
V d i k la he so t i le, S la dien tich xung quanh cua day chl. jr', ^' B a i giai
- Do can bang nhiet nen nhiet lifdng toa ra moi tru"dng bang nhiet lu'dng ^° U
i g do dong dien qua mach: I =
d6ng dien cung cap: r'.R^
P,At = kS;At o P, =k7idi./, (1) r +
va: PÂt = k S j A t o P^ = knd^.l^ (2) ' ' " r' + R
P d I 100 'i , U r'R r'RU
- Tir(l)va(2)suyra:-f--if = - — = 4 (3) '^"î'dien the hai dau R: =
P, dj/j 25 r;R r' + R r r ' + R ( r + r')
r +
- M a t khac, dien trd tUdng dadng cua bong den la: r'+R
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Bfii du8ng hpc sinh gi6i V§t ly 11, tap 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khana Vi^t
Cong sua't toa nhiet tren R: rliuyiiLdePj

U r'^RU^ DfNH L U A T 6 M C H OT O A N M A C H -
^ P -
l2
R [rr'+ R(r + r')J- D | N H LUAT O M T O N G Q U A T
rr + V R ( r + r')
. n ' . i 'hi.:-'' 1 5 , .
De P khong ddi khi R bien thien quanh Ro thi P phai dat gia tri ciTc t r i : ^ . T 5 M T A T KIEN THirc
I Djnh luat 6 m cho loan mach (mach kin)
E,r
rr
+ SIRU + r') > 27rr'(r + r') - ^ + V R ( r + r') > 4rr'(r + r') J , Mach kin cd ban (gom nguon va di^n trdf thuan): 1
VR 1
E 1
2,T2
r'Û r'U^
=> Pa = F
" 4rr'(r + r') 4r(r + r') (R la dien trd cua mach ngoai; E, r la sua't 1 1.
dien dong va dien i r d trong cua nguon).
Dang thiJc xay ra k h i : - yjRir + r') => R = —
r +r 2. M a c h kin gom nhieu nguon di$n va may thu m a c no'i tiep \di di^n trd
VR
A p dung bang so: thuan:
E.r
IE-IE'
^ ^ i o o » 8 0 0 r = 80^ =>r = r' = 8f2 H
+ 4r.2r ^ R + I r+ Ir' I
(R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach ngoai; E, r la Nguon dien
va R„ = rr
sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon; E ' , r' la E'.r'
r + r' 8+ «
sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua may thu dien h
+ Cong sua't toa nhiet tren toan bo mach dien:
vdi quy u'dc: nguon khi dong dien d i vao tuf cifc am I
U' 80^
= 600W. May thu
va d i ra tiT ciTc du'dng; may thu khi dong dien d i vao
r'R „ 8.4
r +— " 8+ tir cifc du'dng va di ra tiT ciTc am).
r' + R 8+ 4 3. M a c h kin gom nhieu nguon gio'ng nhau
"V"': .
( E , r) m3c thanh bo va di^n trd thudn: E, r E,r

E - — 1
1= 1 — ' H
R + r^ 1 1
E. r
E, r E,r E, r
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
(R la dien trd F r
r
tu'dng du'dng cua i E.
mach ngoai; Eb, rb E.r E, r
1
la sua't dien dong E,r 1 I H - —1
... ft;
va dien t r d trong E,r
Song song
ciia bo nguon) Hon hdp do'i xvCng
+ Ne'u n nguon gio'ng nhau m^c no'i tiep thi: Eb = nE; rb = nr.
+ Ne'u n nguon gidng nhau mac song song t h i : Eb = E; rb = —. , ', , .
217
T1 ft i
Bdi duBng hpc sinh gidi vat ly 11, tap 1 - IMguyin Phu B f i n g Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khan
any Vj^'l
+ N e u N ngu6n gio'ng nhau mac h6n hdp E.r E.r

y(5i mach k i n chi g o m cic nguon dien m^c noi tiep v d i dien trd ngoai thi: I =
do'i xi^ng thanh m day, m 6 i day c6 n
, . 5 ^ . ( E E la tong sua't dien dong cua cac nguon, E r la tong d i e n trd trong
nr E.r
nguon thi: Eb = nE; rb = — .
m N o i tiep cua cac nguon; R la dien trd tu'dng dU'cfng ciia mach ngoai). ,
II. Djnh lu^t 6 m cho cac loai do^n mach (tong quat) E
Vdi mach k i n g o m cac nguon dien giong nhau mic v d i nhau thi: I = ^ •
1. Doan mach chtfa n g u 6 n di$n noi tiep vofi dien trd ngoai: I = HABI^ R + r,
R +r ^ N e u cac nguon giong nhau m^c noi tiep thi: Eb = nE; rb= nr.
( U A B la hieu dien the tinh theo chieu dong dien; tiT A d e n B )
U - E '
4. N e u cac nguon giong nhau m^c song song thi: Eb = E; rb = — .
n
; 2. Doan mach chtfa may thu di$n va di$n trof ngoai: I = — . I N e u cac nguon giong nhau mac hon hdp d o i xiJng (m day, n nguon/day)
) R + r'
thi: Eb = nE; rb = — . (Eb la sua't dien dong cua bo nguon, rb la dien t r d
' ( U A B la hieu dien the tinh theo chieu dong dien: tir A de'n B ) m
3. Doan mach g^m nhieu ngu6n di^n va may thu di^n mac nO'i ti§p vdi trong cua bo nguon; R la dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach ngoai).
di^n trd ngoai: Vdi mach k i n g o m nhieu nguon dien va may thu mac no'i tiep nhau va mac
j _ U A B + ^ E + S E ' EE + EE'
vdi dien trd ngoai thi dung cong thiJc: I = ( E E la tong sua't dien
R + Er + Er'
R + Er + Er'
( U A B la hieu dien the' tinh theo chieu dong dien: tiT A den B ; E E la tong
d6ng cua cac nguon, E r la tong dien trd trong cua cac nguon; E E ' la tong
sua't dien dong cua cac nguon dien, E E ' la tong suat phan dien cua cac
sua't phan d i e n cua cac may thu, E r ' la tong dien trd trong cua cac may thu;
may thu dien; E r la tong dien trd trong cua cac nguon d i e n , E r ' la tong
R la dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua mach ngoai).
dien t r d trong cua cac may thu dien).
Khi dp dun^ dinh luat Om tdn^ qudt can chu y : 1 • » ''
4, Djnh luat Kiec-xop
Chon chieu dong dien trong mach (ne'u de bai chiTa cho), theo chieu ddng
- Dinh luat Kiec-xop 1:
dien xac dinh nguon dien, may thu trong mach.
T o n g d a i so cac cu'dng do dong dien tai m o i nut bang 0.
Neu mach dien ddn gian (gom cac nguon dien, m a y thu mac no'i tiep): dung
EIK = 0 ,
cic cong thii'c dinh luat 6 m cho cac loai doan mach de giai.
- Dinh luat Kiec-xop 2:
N€'u mach dien phiJc tap: thu'dng diing 2 dinh luat Kie'c-xop de g i a i , luc nay
Trong m o i mat mach (mach vong), tong dai so cac sua't d i e n dong bang
c^n chii y xac dinh dung da'u cua I va E theo quy u'dc da neu. ' ' ''
tong dai so cac do giam the.
(^hiiy: ' ff'i'. '
E E k = ElkRk t.::l \.'il M ' '
giai, ne'u tinh ra I < 0 thi can d d i l a i chieu dong dien cho doan mach do.
(Ek mang da'u (+) ne'u do la nguon dien (dong dien di vao tuf ci/c diTc^ng va
Tru'dng hdp c6 n nguon khac nhau mac song song thi ta cd the coi bo nguon
di ra tiT ciTc am) va ngiTcfc l a i ; Ik mang da'u (+) neu do la dong dien di vao
'f^n tu'dng diTdng v d i mot nguon (E, r) v d i :
nut va ngUdc l a i ) . » ; ,
B . N H O N G C H U Y K H I G I A I' B A Ii T A P it:,. ., „i, :V3i 1 1 1 E E, E2 E„
1. Khi dp clunfi dinh luat dm cho toan mach can cMy: m r, r„ r r, r^ r„ '^'•^<"
- Chon c h i e u d o n g d i e n t r o n g mach ( n e u d e b a i chU'a cho), xac dinh n g u o n E
d i e n , m a y t h u t h e o q u y u'dc: n e u d o n g d i e n d i v a o tiT ciTc a m , d i r a t i f ci/c hieu dien the'giij'a hai cifc (+ va - ) cua nguon tu'dng du'dng: U =
diTdng t h i d o l a n g u o n d i e n ; n e u d o n g d i e n d i v a o tu" ciTc dU'cfng, d i r a t t f ci/<^
R r
a m thi do la m a y thu.
^ 1 8 219
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C . cAc B A I T A P V E D I N H L U A T O M C H O T O A N M i \ C H - D | N H UjA,^ Cho mach dien nhu'hinh ve: E = 12V, E,r

f s C l Q , R i = R2 = 2Q, R3 = 4Q, R4 = 4,40. D
on TONG QUAT
J fitn dien trd tU'dng du'dng mach ngoai. + 1 R4
1. D I N H L U A T O M CHO TOAN M A C H
9.1. Den 3V - 6W mac vao hai ciTc ac quy (E = 3V, r = 0,50). Tinh dien trd firri cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh ^
R2 Rj B
cirdng do dong dien, hieu dien the' va cong suat tieu thu cua den. va U A B -
Bai giai f i m cirdng dp dong dien qua moi nhanh re va U C D
U 3^ Bai giai
Dien trd cua den: R = = — = 1,5Q 2) pign trd tU'dng du'dng mach ngoai
P.„.
dm 6 E, r
Ta cd: [ { R 2 nt R J V / R , ] nt R4
D
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: I = = 1,5A. pjgn trd tU'dng du'dng cua R2 \h Rsia:
R +r 1,5 + 0,5 R, R4
R23 = R2 + R3 = 2 + 4 = 6Q
Hieu d i e n the c u a den: U = I R = 1,5.1,5 = 2,25V. Dien trd tU'dng diTdng cua R23 va R, la:j^j,j,^ ,
B
Cong suat tieu thu ciia den: P = R f = 1,5.1,5^ = 3,375W.
h -CZh
9.2. Von ke m a c v a o nguon (E = 120V, r = 1OQ) chi 119V. Tinh d i e n trd von ke, Rl23 =
R,+R23 2+6
Bai giai
Dien trd tiTdng du'dng cua mach ngoai la: R N = R123 + R4 = 1,5 + 4,4 = 5,9Q.
Gpi Rv la d i e n trd c u a von ke, I la ciTdng do dong d i e n qua m a c h .
b) Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va U A B
E _ „ rU 10.119
Ta c6: U = IRv = - . R „ => Rv = = 1190Q E 12
Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 2A.
R+r " E-U 120-119 5,9+0,1
Vay: Dien trd c u a von k e la Rv = 11900.
Hieu dien the giffa hai diem A, B la: U A B = IRAB = IR123 = 2.1,5 = 3V.
9.3. Co 18 pin giong n h a u , m o i pin c6 e = 1,5V, ro = 0,2Q diTdc m^c thanh 2 day
c) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua moi nhanh re va U C D "i
song song, m o i d a y 9 pin noi tiep. Dien trd R = 2,1Q m^c v a o hai d a u b o pin
Cirdng dp dong dien qua moi nhanh re:
tren.
r:h ;;
a) Tinh suat d i e n dong va d i e n trd trong tufPng di/dng c u a bo nguon. I.= - ^ = | = l , 5 A ; l 2 = ^ = |=0,5A
b) Tinh ciTdng dp qua R.

Hieu dien the giCTa hai diem C, D la: U C D = U C B + U B D = U3 + U4
Bai giai
=> U C D = I3R3 + I4R4 = I2R3 + IR4 = 0,5.4 + 2.4,4 = 10,8 V.
a) Sua't d i e n dong va d i e n trd trong tiTdng diTdng c u a bp nguon
Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, bp nguon
Suat d i e n dong c u a bp nguon:
Eb = 9e = 9.1,5 = 13,5V. gom 2 day, moi day 4 pin noi tiep, moi 1 |i|i 1
9 pin pin c6: e = 1,5V, ro = 0,250, mach ngoai,
Dien trd trong cua bp nguon: Ri
' ^ i = 1 2 0 , R2 = 1 0 , R3 = 80, R4 = 4 0 . CD-
r.= ^ = ^ = 0,9Q. B
îet cirdng dp ddng dien qua Rj la \-
2 2
0>24A.Tinh: R:- R4
b) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua R
R îiSt dien dong va dien trd trong cua bp nguon tU'dng diTdng.
Ta c6:1 = Eb _ 13,5 = 4,5A. ÂB va cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh.
R + ri, 2,1+0,9
^'a trj dien trd R 5 . '
Vay: Cirdng dp dong dien qua R la I = 4,5A.
Baigiai ;
^^t dien dong va dien trd trong cua bp nguon
221
B6i diflng hoc sinh gidi V^t l» 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu Bfing Cty TNHH MTV DVVH
iiaiig
Sua't dien dong ciia bp nguon: Eb = ne = 4.1,5 = 6V. Vay: D i e n trd cua von ke la Ry = 2051 Q .
D i e n trd trong cua bp nguon: u>. i~ ~ jis 9.7. Cho mach dien nhu" Wnh ve, moi pin
II CO e = 1,5V, ro = I Q , R = 6Q. T i m
r b = ^ = 1.0,25 = 0 , 5 Q ; . ^ R
cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh.
b) T i n h UAB va cifdng dp dong dien B a i giai

Sua't dien dong cua bp nguon: Eb = EAM + EMB
qua mach chinh V-o—^
H i e u dien the giCTa hai diem A , B la: •2 R2 R4 iTaco: EAM = ne = 2.1,5 = 3V
A M
B
UAB = U , + U 3 = I,Ri + I3R3 = I i ( R i + R3)(vi I i = I3) 'iv., EMB = n'e = 3.1,5 = 4,5V
=> UAB = 0,24.(12+ 8) = 4,8V. ' =>Eb = 3 + 4,5 = 7,5V '^^ '
D i e n trd trong cua bp nguon:
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua R2 la: I2 =
R2+R4 1+4 nrg .
rb = TAM + TMB = +n r^ •rb= — + 3.1 = 4 Q
CifcJng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = I i + I2 = 0,24 + 0,96 = 1,2A. m
c) Gia tri dien trd R5 7,5
Cifdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 0,75A.
R+r, 6+4
Tir bieu thurc cua dinh luat 6m: I = R N I + Tbl = Eb
Vay: CiTdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh la I = 0,75A.
U N = Eb - fbl = 6 - 0,5.1,2 = 5,4V. 9.8. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, moi nguon
c6: e = 1,5V, ro = I Q , R, = 6Q, R 2 = 12Q,
4=3-
M a t khac: U N = U A B + U 5 U5 = U N - UAB = 5,4 - 4,8 = 0,6V. ^ R, R3
U5 0,6
R3 = 4Q. '-iv^m-
R5 = = 0,5^. T\m cufdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh.
I 1,2
B a i giai ' ' ' ' ^2 rf' *
9 . 6 . M a c h k i n gom nguon dien ( E = 200V; r = 0,5Q) va hai dien trd R, = iOOQ
Sua't dien dong cua bp nguon: Eb = E A M + EMN + E B C ' '' < " "
R 2 = 500Q m^c noi tiep. M o t von ke mac song song R 2 , chi 160V.
=:>Eb = e + e + e = 3e = 3.1,5 = 4,5V n• nmj,
Tinh dien trd cua von ke. t
Dien trd trong cua bp nguon: rb = TAM + TMN + TBC --
B a i giai
G p i Rv la dien trd cua von ke, R N la dien trd cua mach ngoai. =i>rb=|-+|+r„=2ro=2.1=2i^ 1 1 N R3
A H-| M
E . E,r
Ta c 6 : 1 = IRN + Ir = E r 1—
Dien trd mach ngoai: •!>!
R^+r
=>UN = E - I r (1)
R R2 R,+ R2 6+12
' I2
M a t khac: U N = U , + U2 = I.Ri + U2 (2) R2
Tif (1) va (2) suy ra: IR, + U2 = E - Ir
Cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
43 = 0,45A.
E-Uj _ 200-160 8+2
I(R, + r) = E - U2 => I = = 0,398A I —
R,+ r 100 + 0,5 Vay: Cu'dng dp mach chinh la I = 0,45A.
Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve, moi nguon
r
R4
Ma 1 = 1, + l 2 = > I | = I - l 2 = I - —
e = 12V, ro = 2Q, R2 = 3Q, R3 = 6Q, R, = 2R4, R2 Lrl
Rj
Hv rat Idn.
160 Uv 160 R.
:=> I = 0 , 3 9 8 - — = 0,078A va Rv = — = 2051Q. V6n ke chi 2V. T i n h R,, R,.
500 0,078
223
on
B6I duany lioc siiih gioi Vai iy I I, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9
b) Thay von ke bang ampe ke c6 RA = 0. Tim so chi cua ampe ke. 56"chi ampe ke: IA = lo - I i vdi I , = ^ = ^ = 1,8A; IQ = — = 9A.
Bai giai 2
3
a) TinhRi, R 4 ,.... BV
^ I A = 9-1,8 = 7,2A.
Tac6:E. = e = 1 2 V ; r . = ^ = i n ^ I = ^ = ^ Y | y : So' chi cua ampe ke la IA = 7 , 2 A .
2 R^B ^23
9lJ< mach dien nhu" hinh ve: E = 30V,
R2 p R3
2
• ^ i ^ 3 Q , R, = 12Q, R2 = 36Q, R3 = 18Q, B
vdi UAB = 2 V ; R 2 3 - ' ' = = 2 Q = > I = - = 1A D
R2+R3 3 + 6 2
I
2) Tim so chi cua ampe ke va chieu dong
Mat khac: I = — => IRN + I r t = Eb
^jgn qua no. E,r
R.. t,) p6'i cho nguon E va ampe ke (ci/c du'dng cua E noi vdi G).
-CD •jfjm so chi va chieu dong dien qua ampe ke.
Bai giai
va RN = Ri + R23 + R 4 = 3R4 + R23 = 3R4 + 2
a) S6'chi cua ampe ke' va chieu dong dien qua no
^ R, = ^ ^ I L J . ^ 3 Q va R , = 2R4 = 2.3 = 6Q. V) dien trd cua ampe ke RA = 0 nen mach c6 the du'dc ve lai:
3 3
Taco: R
Vay: Gia trj cac dien trd R , = 6 Q ; R 4 = 3 Q .
Di^n trd mach ngoai: R,
b) So ciii cua ampe ke ' - Br»p-[IZHD = G
Vi RA = 0 nen ta c6 the bo R2 va R3. CiTdng do dong dien qua mach:
R2+R3 36+18
12
1= = 1,2A
CiTdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: E,r
R,+ R 4 + r ^ 6 + 3 +1
E 30 10^ ^„ 10,^ 4 0 „
Vay: So chi ampe ke la 1,2A. 1=
= = — A =>UDF = IR23= — . 2 = — V .
9.10. Co 7 nguon dien giong nhau, moi nguon c6 R^+r 24+3 9 " 9 3
2
e = 6V, ro = - Q mac nhiT hinh ve. R , = 3 Q , R. 3.18 27
R,
R2 = 6Q, R3 = 2Q, RA = 0. Tim so chi cua ampe ke. R3 so' chi ampe ke chinh la cu"cJng do dong dien qua R3 nen so chi cua ampe
Bai giai 3- 20
Vi RA = 0 nen nguon giiTa hai diem ke'l^ f ^ A va dong dien c6 chieu tif D den G. , •
R,
m^c ampe ke bi noi tat. va chieu dong dien qua ampe ke' khi doi cho nguon va ampe ke
' ^ i ddi cho nguon E va ampe ke', ta c6 mach dien nhU' sau:
• 3.^
nr '2 f<AH E)ien trd tU'dng du'dng mach ngoai:
Tac6:Eb = ne = 3 . 6 = 1 8 V ; r b = - 2 - = - = 1 = I Q ; E,r
m z H —>• G
lo
^ 3.6 . „ R,+R2 12+36
R„ = R , , R „ . R , , _ a _ ^ = 2 . — =4Q. R2
Ri
^ Cu'dng dp d5ng dien mach chinh: R.
R3 B
Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: 30
r= = lA D
R;^+r 27 + 3
I=_MH_ = J L = 3 , 6 A R,
Ri
r.+Rj, 1+4
225
224
86i dUSng h g c s i n h gidi V j l ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6n9 Cty TMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
=> U„D = I'RN = 1.9 = 9V =^ I , = = = 0,75A 9P-

Cho mach dien nhu' hinh ve:
= R2 = 6Q, R3 = 3Q, r = 5Q,
<5> N
= 0. Ampe ke chi 0,6A. R, M R,

Vay: Khi ddi cho nguon va ampe k6', ampe ke chi 0,75A va dong dien
f inh E va so chi cua ampe ke A2.
chieu tCr F den B.
E,r Bai |;iai
9.12. Cho mach dien nhuf hinh ve:
Vi dien trd cua cac ampe ke bang 0 nen ta c6 the ve lai mach dien nhiT hinh
E = 24V,r=lQ, ^
sau[Ri//R2//R3]:
Ri = 3Q, R. = R3 = R4 = 6Q, RA = 0.
R4
Tim so chi cua ampe ke.
R3 R3
Baigiai E.r N
R
3->
M
R. R2
Ki
B -»-Â2)
V i RA = 0 nen mach diTclc ve lai nhiT sau:
So chi cua ampe ke bang tdng dong dien qua R2 va R3
R,,,.R, I
Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = '^^ ^
^( A ) 1 E,r
R,24+R3 S^chi cua ampe ke Ai bang tdng I2 v^ I3:12 + I3 = 0,6A = I23
Ri
^—H^r-
^1 R2
vdi R,2, = R , + ^ = 6 - H | 4 = 8 i ^ . R4
UAB = I23.R23 = 0,6.2 = 1,2V : ^ I , = HAB =hl^ o,2A
Rj+Rj 3+6 R| 6
E,r
U 1 2
=>h= = = 0,2A va I3 = I23 - 1 2 = 0,6 •- 0,2 = 0,4A.
8+6 7 Ri Rj 6
Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: So chi cua ampe ke A2 bang tdng I , va I2: Ii + I2 = 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,4A.
24 168 A - E
1= Tim E: Ta c6:1 = E = I(RN + r)
R^+r 24^j 31 R4 Rn+r
R,
vdi: 1 = 1,+l2 + l 3 = 0 , 2 + 0,2 + 0,4 = 0,8A
UA3 = I R . = 1^.^ = ^ V
E,r ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 „ 3
31 7 31
RN R, R2 R, 6 6 3 3 2
Î3=HAB = 576^96^
(1) vaE = 0,8.(1,5+ 5) = 5,2V.
R. 31.6 31
V|y: Suat dien dong cua nguon la E = 5,2V; so chi A2 la 0,4A.
576 75 72 144,
= > UAC = I124.R12 = ^ . 2 ^•14. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: R | = R2
va 1,24 =
R,24
= ^
31.8
=
31- 31
= —
31
V
= R3 = 40Q, R4 = 30Q, r = lOQ, RA = 0. <5>
Ampe ke chi 0,5A. A
E,r^ R4
(2)
Rj 31.6 31 T'inh suat dien dong cua nguon.
R3
^ d i cho nguon va ampe ke. Tim so chi cua ampe ke".
TO (1) vh (2) suy ra: I2 + I3 = =jpA . R2
Bai giai
D
ÛSt dien dong cua nguon
Vay: S6'chi ampe ke b^ng " ^ A .
^ ' ampe ke" c6 RA = 0 nen mach c6 the duTcJc ve lai nhU sau:
^6' chi cua ampe ke b^ng: I2 + I4 = 0,5A (1)
227
226
B6i dagng hgc sinh gi6i vat ly 11. tap 1 - Nguyen Phu B6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Kharin Vipt
B a i glai ,
V i R , = R2 => l i = I2 = - r (2)
^ S^chi cua von ke 7;, 7 . ^ ;
Vi rat Idn nen mach diTdc ve l a i nhU' sau: So chi ciia von ke bang UAB >
TCr (1) va (2), ta c6: ^ + 1 ^ = 0,5A (3) E,r
p i e n trd mach ngoai:
L R
M a t khac, ta c6:13 = C, A E, r
R
123 ^ ^ ' ^ ' R,+R2+R3 3+3+3 I—
h ^2
R,R Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
v(3i R123 = R3 + _ R,
R . + R^ 40 + 40 4,8 R4
1= = ],2A
Rfj+r 3+1
R.
=> h =
(4)
60 2 = > U 4 = I R 4 = 1,2.1 = 1,2V R2 ^ R3
U I.R
Tir ( 3 ) va ( 4 ) , ta c6: 14 = 0 , 5 = > I4 = 0 , 4 A .
R. ^
0,4
D o d o : U A B = I4R4 = 0 , 4 . 3 0 = 12V va I = I4 + I3 = 0 , 4 + ^ =0,6A
vdi R23 = R2 + R3 = 3 + 3 = 6 D
R|R,3 3 6 1,2.2
M a t khac: U A B = E - I r = > E = UAB + I - r = 12 + 0,6.10= 18V.
V a y : Suat dien dong cua nguon la E = 18V.
Vay: So'chi cua von k e ' l a : UCB = UCD + UDB = U 3 + U 4 = 1,2 + 1,2 = 2,4V.
b) So chi cua ampe ke I E,r
b)S6'chi cua ampe ke'
K h i do'i cho nguon va ampe k e , mach h-
I4 R4 Khi thay von ke bang ampe ke c6 R A = 0 thi mach du-dc ve l a i nhu" sau:
dien d^dc ve l a i nhU' sau: B,A
So chi cua ampe k e b a n g : I j + I3.
So chi cua ampe ke bhng: I3 + l4- R3
R R
R|2-i • R 4 Dien trd ma ch ngoa i : R N = - ^ ^ ^
D i e n trd mach ngoai: R N = 1-1
Rj23+R4 H, R.
R,R.
^134+^^^2
3.1
vdi R,3, = R, + J ^ i : i i - = 3 + : 3,75n = > RN = = 1Q
vai: R,3 =R , + - M ^ = 4 0 + i ^ = 6 0 ^ . 3,75 + 3 3
R3+R4 3+1
R1+R3 40+40 a
CiTcfng do dong dien qua mach chinh: ' I E,r
So v d i cau a thi R 1 2 3 khong d o i nen dong dien qua mach v a n khong doi: < —
I = 0,6A va I 4 = 0,4A Rw+r 5 . 5

+1
Ri
= 0,1A
K->n]
Bsc
R3
Vay: So chi cua ampe ke l a : I4 + I3 = 0,4 + 0,1 = 0,5A. E,r = lA

9 . 1 5 . Cho mach dien nhu^ hinh ve: R2 R^ 3 ?
E = 4 , 8 V , r = l a R i = R 2 = R 3 = 3Q, ^ '' = I - l 2 = 1 , 8 - 1 =:0,8A

R 4 = IQ, Rvratldn.
Ri HiD B _
^3= H î-RpB _ I1R3R4 _ I1R4 _ 0,8.:
= 0,2A.
a) T i m so' chi cua v o n k e . R3
R R3 R3(R3+R^) R3+R^ 3+1
b) Thay von ke' b^ng ampe ke c6 R A = 0.
^^y: So' chi cua ampe ke: I2 + I3 = 1 + 0,2 = 1,2A.
T i m so chi cua ampe k e . R2
228
6i duSng hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11. tgp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
9.16. Cho mach dien nhiT hmh ve: E = E ^ 1 1,5

Vctng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 5A
11,5V, r = 0,8Q, R , = 4,2Q, R . = R i = R^+r 1,5+0,8
R4 = 2, I Q , R A = 0, R v rat Idn. T i m so s; r < i yay: So' chi cua ampe ke la 5A; so'chi cua von ke la: UAH = I R N = 5. | ,5 = 7^5v
chi ampe ice, von ke neu: E, r T J) K i . <iong: K h i K , , K2 dong, mach dien du-dc ve lai nhir sau:
a) K , , K2 met. , , •
U K
p j g n trd mach ngoai: ^
b) K , m d , K2 dong. ~ • 1 1 1 1 1 1I 1 1 3
—
2,1-+ 2,1 +2.1
-
_L- = — + — + -
c) K | dong, K2 md. i R2 R , R4 2,i:-..,55?j:
d) K , , K 2 d 6 n g . j ^ R N = 0,7Q ^ R4
lii 4:''"l.-!t,>> ]• >.< Baigiai

CUdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh-
B
a) K i , K2 m d ' ' , '• '> , ;.. , ' 11,5
1 = = 7,67A
Khi K | , K2 met, mach diTdc ve lai nhiT sau: Liic do, so chi cua ampe ke b5ng R^+r 0,7+0,8
dong dien qua mach chinh I ; so chi cua von ke bang hieu dien the UAH.
R,(R2+R,) Vay: So'chi ampe ke'la 7 , 6 7 A ; so'chi von ke'la: UAB = I . R N = - ^ . 0 , 7 * 5 , 3 7 V .
D i e n trd mach ngoai: RN = R 4 +
Ri+Rj+R,
9.17. Cho mach dien nhu* hinh ve: E = 1 2 V ,
, , , 4 . 2 , 2 . 1 . 2 . 1 ) r = 2 Q , R 3 = R 4 = 2 Q , dien trd cac
4,2 + 2 , 1 + 2 , 1 ampe ke rat nho. A
} CutJng do dong qua mach chinh: a) Ki md, K j dong, ampe ke A chi 3 A .
E 11,5 Tinh R2. £ ^_L
1 = = 2,3A
4,2 + 0,8 Bl b) K i dong, K2 m d , ampe ke' A , chi 2 A .
TinhR,.
H i e u dien the hai dau A , B: U.^B = I - R N = 2,3.4,2 = 9 , 6 6 V .
V a y : So chi ampe ke la 2,3A; so chi von ke la 9 , 6 6 V . c) K i , K2 deu dong. T i m so'chi cac ampe ke.
b) K | m d , K2 dong: K h i K , md, K2 dong, mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiTsau: Bai giai
So chi cua ampe ke bh ng I4: ^ K| m d , K2 dong: K h i K , m d , K2 dong, mach du-dc ve lai nhiT sau:
E 11,5 115
I4 = I = « 4A
R^+r 2,1+0,8 29 E,r r+R, I
115 ^ l y : Gia tri cua dien trd R2 la R2 = 2 Q . ^''^ —

So'chi ciia von kc: U = I4.R4 = I.R4 = ^ - 2 , 1 = 8 , 3 V .
B K| dong, K2 md: K h i K , dong, K2 md, mach di/dc ve lai nhu^sau:
c) K i dong, K2 md: Khi K, dong, K : md, mach dien diTdc ve lai nhi/sau: Tac(5: I , = 2 A = ^ l J u c = I | R , = 2 R , .
I4 = ^BC _ ^^1 _ ^
D i e n trd mach ngoai: RN -
R , + R 134 A R24 2+2 2 D
B
A
î^clng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I,
vdi R , „ = : R, + Jii:i^
=4,2+-=^^=:5,25a R4
' R,+ R 4 2.1+2.1 E,r^ ' * I i + l4 = 2 R , + ^ = 2,5R, E,r - J - R.
(I)
R2
2,1+5,25 ^ ^ t k h a c . ta c6: I = ' C

R^ + r
Bfilduang hpc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, tgip 1 - Nguyin PhCi B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVY^ Kliang Viet
R,.(R.+ R , ) Ri.(2 + 2) 4R 2.2

vdti: RN = R3 + = 2+ = 2+- Ta c6: Eb = ne = 2.1,5 = 3V; rt = ne = 2Q. Ri
Ri+R^+Rj R, + 2 + 2 4 + R, m
RN = Ri + R2 = 2 + 1 = Sa
12 12.(4+ R , )
(2) Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
16 + 8R
2. .2
4 + Ri 1= = 0,6A. R,
3+2
12.(4+ R,)
TCrCl) va (2) suy ra: 2,5R| = ::i> I , = I = 0,6A; U, = I,R, = 0,6.2 = 1,2V.
16 + 8R
Vay: Sochi cua von ke'la 1,2V. ' '
o 4 0 R , + 20Rf = 4 8 + 12R, c ^ 2 0 R f + 2 8 R , - 4 8 = 0 b) Ki md, K2 dong: Khi Ki md, K2 dong, mach dien dUdc ve lai nhu'sau:
So chi ciia von ke b^ng hieu dien the hai dau R3: U 3 = 1,5V.
=> Ri = IQ va Ri = < 0: (loai).
R3
= 0,375A
Vay: Gid tri cua dien trd Rj la R, = 1 Q . R, 4
c) K|, K2 deu dong: Khi K i , K2deu dong, machdu'dc ve lai nhu'sau:
Ta c6: Sochi cua A | bang I i ; so'chi cua A bang I . Mat khac, ta c6:13 = I = » 0,375 =
RN+2 J
R R 1—^—r
=> RN = 6Q R4
Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = — O i _ 1 1 !> D
; J,, 1<2+ 1^1.M Vi: RN = R3 + R4 R 4 = RN - R3 = 6 - 4 = 2Q.
R4 ^ R,
R R 22 T Vay: Gia trj cua dien trd R 4 la: R 4 = IQ..
vdi: Rn4 = Ri + ^ = 1 + — =2Q
R3+R, 2+2 E,r -L-
-I, c) Ki, K2 deu dong: Khi K i va K2 dong, mach dien dufdc ve lai nhu'sau:
2.2 Ri Dien trd mach ngoai:

R. c Ri-
.RN= = If^ ( R i + R 2 ) ( R 3 + R 4 ) , ( 2 + i).(4 + 2)
2+2 12 R,+ R 2 + R 3 + R 4 2+1+4 + 2
Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 4A.
Rj^+r 1+2
Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
Vi Rn4 = R2 => I | = I2 = - = - = 2A . 1= = 0,75A R, Ri.

2 2 2+2 •<4
Vay: So' chi cua cac ampe ke' la 4A va 2A. Vi: R,2 = R, + R2 = 2 + 1 =3Q,
9.18. Cho mach dien nhiThinh ve: moi pin Eo = 1,5V, ro = 2Q, R, = 2Q, R2 = R34 = R 3 + R 4 = 4 + 2 = 6Q
R3 = 4Q, Rv rat Idn. =Îl2 = 2l34
a) Ki dong, K2 md. Tim so chi cua von ke". R. ® Ri. Ma 1,2 + I34 = I = 0,75 ^ 1,2 = 0,5A; I34 = 0,25A.
b) K, md, K2 dong, von ke chi 1,5V. Tinh R4. = 1,2 = 0,5A3> Uj^^ =UcA = R i I i =2.0,5= I V . H ^' i
c) K i , K2 dong. Tim so chi cua von ke.
I3 = I34 = 0,25A ^ Uj^^ = = R3I3 = 4.0,25 = 1V •
Trong cac tru'dng hdp tren, ciTc dUdng J
cua von ke' noi vdi diem nao? R2 K R4 ^ So chi cua von ke: UAB = UAC + UCB = - U C A + UCB = - 1 + 1 = 0 .
V. ây: So chi cua von ke la 0.
Bai giai D
a) Ki dong, K2 md: Khi K i dong, K2 md, mach dien dUdc ve lai nhifsau: Trong cac trUdng hdp tren ciTc du'dng cua von ke' luon noi vdi A.
So' chi cua von ke bang hieu dien the giiJa hai dau Ri.
233
919
B6i di/6ng hpc sinh gioi V5t ly 11. t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu B6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVHJ<hann
9 . 1 9 . H a i dien trd R , = 2Q, R2 = E, r

E,r =6Q
R, R, = 3Q
6Q mic vao nguon (E, r ) . K h i ( 3 i a i h e ( l ) v a ( 2 ) ta diTOc: va
— h- 3Q
LR, = R2 = 6n'
Ri, R2 noi tiep, cU'cfng do trong
Vay: Gia tri cac dien trd R,, Rj la Ri = 6 Q , R2 = 3 Q hoac R, = 3 Q , Rj = 6 Q .
mach IN = 0,5A. K h i R,, Rj
^21. D i e n trd R = 2Q mac vao mot bp nguon g o m hai pin giong nhau. K h i hai
song song, ci/dng do mach
pin noi tiep, cu'dng dp qua R la I | = 0,75A. K h i hai pin song song cu^dng dp
chinh Is = 1,8A. T i m E, r.
qua R la I2 = 0,6A. T i m e, ro cua moi pin.
"~" • Hai jjiai
B a i giai
- K h i [R, nt R2] RN = Ri + R 2 = 2 + 6 = 8Q.
Khi 2 pin mac noi tiep: Eh = 2e; rh = 2ro. , , .
E
•IN = 0,5 = (1)
8+r 2e
Ta c6: Ii = o 0,75 =
R + r. 2+2.r.
R R 26
- Khi [ R 1 / / R 2 ] => R;^ = ' ^ = — = i,5Q. 00,75 + 0,75ro = e (1)
R,+ R2 2 +6
E _ Khi 2 pin mac song song: Eb = e; rb = y .

(2)
1,5+ r
Ta c6: h = — ^ o 0,6 =
4 + 0,5r = E R+ru
- T i r ( l ) va (2), s u y r a : < r = 1 Q ; E = 4,5V. 2+':<^
2 , 7 + l,8r = E 2
Vay: Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua nguon la E = 4,5V va r = I Q . <=> 2,4 + 0,6ro = 2e (2)
9 . 2 0 . Cho mach dien nhiT bai E,r E,r 0,75 + 0,75ro = e r„ = l Q
- T i r ( l ) va (2), l a c o :
tren. B i e t E = 1,5V, r = \Q, I— 2,4 + 0,6r„ = 2e e = 1,5V
h-
IN = 0,15A, Is = 0,5A. T i m
R, Vay: Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua moi pin la e = 1,5V va ro = 1 Q .
R], R2.
R, R7 -c '•22. Cho mach dien g o m hai y
R7 nguon (E, = 18V, r, = I Q ) ,
El, ri E2, r2 El, r, E2, r2
B a i giai (E2, r2) mac theo hai each l i
R R
- Khi [R, nt R2] RN = Ri + R2 nhir hinh. Biet R = 9 Q ,
E E 1 5 " ' •••• h = 2,5A, I2 = 0,5A.
Ta c6: IN = RN= — - r =— - 1 = 9 i l .
Rx,+r Ij^ 0,15 ông dien trong mach c6 chieu nhu'hlnh ve. T i m E2, r2.
Ri + R2 = 9 Q B a i giai
(1)
I
- K h i [R, // R2] => R' = ^'^^ El, r, E2, r2 El, r, E2, Tj
^ R , + R2
R R
Ta c6: Is =
F
=^ R' = — - r = — - l = 2 n .
1 5 —CD—
^ Is 0,5 Hinh a Hinhb
R,R ^ h m h a , t a c 6 : I , = - ^ i ^ o 2 , 5 = i ^ : ^ « 2 5 + 2,5r2=18 + E2
r^2 _
= 2 (2)
R,+ R2 r,+ r2+ R l+r2+9
^2,5r2-E2 + 7 = 0 (1)
234 235
Cty TNHH M T V DVVH k h a i K j Vie
Bfli dU9ng hoc sinh gi6i V3t ly 11, t^P 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
E —E 18 ~ E - r 2 = l,5r2
- CJ hinh b, ta c6: I2 = — ^ 0,5 = ^ c ^ 5 + 0,5r2= I 8 - E 2 Vi : f i l l = ^2h
r,+ R I+T2+9
<:>0,5r2 + E 2 - 13 = 0 (2)
(6)
2,5r2-E2+7 = 0
- K e t hdp (1 )va (2), ta diTdc:
0,5r2+E2-'3 = 0 E2 = 12V":.q . =' va r ' i 2 = I,5r2 + r2 = 2,5r2 (7)
Vay: Sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon thiJ hai la E2 = 12V va r 1 1 0,6r2
- = - + L .1/
9 . 2 3 . Nguon (E, r), dien trd R va hai ^ Tir(4),(5),(6),(7),tac6: 5 I 6

E.r E,r
ampe ke A i , A2 c6 dien trd r i , r2 ]__]_ 2,5R-
— I -
mac nhir hinh. Biet E = 6 V . K h i 4 ~ I 6
A i , A2 song song cac ampe ke chi I 38
- +0,lr2 =0,2
I i = 2A, I2 = 3A. Khi A , , A2 noi 1 3 - 8 - ^ " = - ^ ' ^ ^ ^
R
tiep I j = I2 = I = 4 A . T i m cUdng l + ^r2=0,25 r2 =A^
I 6 2 2 ,9
do dong dien qua R khi khong
Vay: D o n g dien qua mach luc do la I = 5,43A.
mac ampe ke'.
9.24. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: E = 12V, r = 2Q,
Bai giai
RAB = lOQ, C , = 0 , 2 M F , C2 = 0 , 3 .
- K h i A , mac song song vdi A2 thi dong dien qua mach chinh la:
a) Tinh dien tich m o i tu k h i :
Is = I | + I2 = 2 + 3 = 5 A
- Kmd.
E , E
M a t khac: Is = « 5 = - K dong va C d trung d i e m A B .
R + r,2+ r R + r + r,
12 b) Tim vj t r i C de khi K m d hoac
1 R + r r,2 dong, dien tich tren cac ban tu
(1)
S E E khong d d i .
- K h i A i mile noi tiep vdi A2 thi dong dien qua mach chinh la: ••*.<j .,'1,
Bai giai
E . E ^) Dien tich tren m o i ban tu: Dong dien khong ddi khong di qua cac tu C, va C2:
IN = 4 =
R + r,'2+r R+r,'2+r
12
~ Khi K m d : I = = lA E,r
R + r r,' R^B+r 10+2
12 (2)
4 1
+ H i e u dien the'giffa hai dau bp tu: UAB = IRAB = lOV.
A, ^ iB
- K h i khong mac cac ampe ke thi dong dien qua mach la: I =
R+r + Vi[C,ntC2]nenCb6=-^^= =0,12^F. —1
• C , + C2 0,2 + 0,3 ^
1 R+r
(3) + D i e n t i c h c u a b o : Q = CbUAB = 0,12.10= 1,2 îC .
=> - =
I E | V i [ C , nt C2] nen Q, = Q2 = Q = 1,2 M C . C c2
1 1
- - - + 12 (4) R 10
5 I 6
- Kethdp(l),(2),(3)tac6: , v d i : ri2 -= ^ v a 1^2=^
'•l+'-2 W K dong: V I C la trung d i e m cua A B nen: RAC = R C B = — ^ = ^ = •
(5)
4 I 6
h c6: Uc, = U A C = I R A C = 1.5 = 5 V ; Uc2 = U C B = I R C B = 1 -5 = 5V.
237
236
Bdi duong hoc sinh gioi vat ly 11, tjp 1 - NguySn Phii D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
va Qi = C | U(.^ =0,2.5 = I nC ; Q2 = C2U^^ =0,3.5 = 1,5 • 0,2.0,2

= 0 , l n F = > Q i =Q2 = 3.0,1 = 0 , 3 t i C .
Cl2 =
Vay: Khi K md thi Q, = Q. = Q = 1,2)aC; khi K dong thi Q, = 1 yiC, Q . = \5 C,+ C, 0,2 + 0,2
b) Vi tri C de khi K md hoac dong, dien tich tren cac ban tu khong ddi Vay: Khi K md, dien tich moi tu la Q, = Q2 = 0,3 .
Goi RA( = X => R(B = 10 - x; U,-.^, U^,^ la hieu dien the giiJa Ci va khi ^ J,) Dien tich moi tu khi dong K va so electron chuyen qua K khi K dong: Khi K
md; \J[.^, U^.^ la hieu dien the giiJa Ci va C2 khi K dong. dong, mach du'dc ve lai nhU' sau:
Ci/cfng do dong dien qua mach c6 gia tri khong ddi: I = 1 A.
Ta c6: U,. = ^ = i:^ = 6 V . ' Ta c6: U^.^ = U^,j = I(R,+ R,) = 1.(3 + 2) = 5V
1 C, 0,2 R.
=i>Q; =C,U,,^ =0,2.5 = H i C ^^'^
- De dien tich cac ban tu khong ddi khi K dong hoac md thi can c6:
U,. = I L . =6V (1) vi = U^^ = IR2 = 1.2 = 2V
I -1
• V
Mat khac: U., = Ix = x (2) = CjU^,^ = 0,2.2 = 0,4nC
••1
ii N
- TiJf(l), (2)suyra:x = 6Q. _ So electron chuyen qua khoa K:
+ Khi Kmd,tdng dien tich t a i M : - Q i + Q 2 = 0. ^2
TCf do: RAC = 6Q va RCB = 4Q.
Vay: Vj tri C de khi K md hoac dong, dien tich tren cac ban tu khong ddi la + Khi K dong, tdng dien tich tai M: - Q i - Q2 = - 1 - 0,4 = -1,4fiC .
RAC = 6 n va Rc„ = 4Q. + Dien tich chuyen qua khoa K khi K dong la:
9.25. Cho mach dien nhi/hinh ve: E = 6V, r = 0,5Q, R, = 3Q, R2 = 2Q, R 3 = 0,5Q, AQ = 1-1,4 - 01= l,4nC= 1,4.10^'^ C
C , = C 2 = 0,2^F.
lAQI 1,4.10 -6
+ So electron chuyen qua khoa K la: n = = 8,75.1012
Ban dau K md va trU'dc khi rap vao mach cac tu chi/a tich dien. ^-l9
e 1,6.10"
a) Tinh dien tich moi tu khi K md. E,r R3
Vay: Khi dong khoa K, dien tich moi tu la Q', = 1 , Q'2 = 0,4îC va so
b) Tinh dien tich moi tu khi dong K va so -1 1 1—1 electron chuyen qua khoa K la 8,75. l O ' l
electron chuyen qua K khi K dong.
c, M c) Dien tich tren tu C 3 ; Khi thay K bang tu C 3 , mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiT sau:
c) Thay K bing tu C, = 0,4^F. Tinh dien tich
II Gia sur sir phan bddien tich nhu'hinh ve:
cua tu C 3 . Xet hai triTdng hdp: E,r R3
- K du'dc thay the' khi con dang md. ,,

Ta c6: UAN = UAM + UMN = I R . = 3 V 1 1—1 1—1
- K diTdc thay the' sau khi da dong lai. ttfu, o Up - U p =3 » =- 3
II II
Ri
B a i giai
a) Dien tich moi tu khi K md: Khi K md, mach diTdc ve lai: Q2 =_ 3 o Q , - Q 2 = 0,6 L a
(1)
Dien trd mach ngoî: ^ ^ 0,2 0,2
RN = Ri + R2 + R 3 = 3 + 2 + 0,5 = 5,5Q va: UNB = UNM + UMB = IR2 = 2V
Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach: Q
C, C2 <=> U ^ + U ^ = 2 o
1 = 2 ^"3 f
R^+r 5,5+0,5 A M N
R2 2 o 2Q2 + Q3 = 0,8 ( 2 ) •'
Dien tich ciia tu: Q, = Qj = Q = UANCI2 0,2 0,4
vdi UAN= U „ = I R , = 1.3 = 3V K dirdc thay the khi dang md thi tdng dien tich tai di^m M b i n g 0:
238 239
B6i dueng hpc sinh gi6i VSt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu B6rig_ Cty TNHH MTV DVVIi
-Q, - Q2 + Q3 = 0 (3) ho + 2,5r - E = 0 E = 36V

rrir(l) va (2): r = 2,4n
Q,-Q2 =0,6 Q, = 0,65^C 24 + 5 r - E = 0
Tir(l), (2), (3),ta c6: 2Q2+Q3 =0,8 Q2 = o,05^lC. ..^ j(;hi C d M, ta bo qua Ri nen so chi cua A, bang 0. :,
-Q1-Q2+Q3 =0
jîi C d N, so chi cua Ai bang dong qua Ri va bang 3A.
Vay: Sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon la E = 36V va r = 2,4 Q; khi
Vay: Khi K diTdc thay the khi con dang md thi Q3 = 0,7 . H , r, CdM ampe ke Ai chi 0, khi C d N ampe ke A, chi 3A.
- K diTdc thay the sau khi da dong lai thi tdng dien tich tai M la: -1,4 îC . (,) Khi C di chuyen tuf M den N, so chi cac may do thay doi nhiT the' nao?
- Q i - Q 2 + Q3 = 0 (4) r> j^hi C di chuyen tif M den N thi dien trd mach ngoai giam, dong dien qua
•Q,-Q2 =0,6 [ Q , = 1^C
mach chinh tang, so' chi cua ampe ke tang, con so chi cua von ke' giam (vi
U = E-I.r). fK^f,S-;-;
Tiir (1), (2), (4), ta c6: 2Q2+ Q3 =0,8 =^ Q2 = 0.4^C
9,27. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve: bp nguon E, r
- Q , - Q 2 + Q 3 = -''4 [Q3=O .
g6m 2 day, moi day 6 pin (e = 2V, ro = 2Q)
Vay: Khi K diTdc thay the khi da dong lai thi Q3 = 0. noi tiep, bien trd RAB = 12Q, tren moi den
R
9.26. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: RA = R^j = 0, E,r ghi 1,5V - 0,75W. Djnh vi tri con chay C
Rv rat Idn, RMN = 1 2 ^ , Ri = 8Q. Khi C d M, h-
de cac den sang binh thu'dng.
ampe ke A chi 2,5A; khi C d N von ke chi Bai giai
24V. R
a) Tim E, r va so chi ampe ke A| khi C 6 M, N. M Ta c6: Eb = 6e = 6.2 = 12V; rb = ^ = — = 6Q
b) Khi C di chuyen tif M den N, so chi cac may R, 2 2 E,1r 1
do thay doi nhif the nao? - Cirdng do dong0,75

dien dinh muTc cua den: A
R
Bai giai Mm —
= 0,5A c/^ 'B
u dm 1,5
a) Tim E, r va so chi ampe ke Ai khi C d M, N
- K h i C d M t a b 6 q u a R i : I = 2,5A. ?
E,r
h- ^ntrd moi den: R = = 3Q
—<8Mg
0,75
E , , E y 'i
Ma: 1 = R + r o 2,5 = 12+r I- ^ _ , _ -\^Lt
12-X (vdi x > 0 ) .
R
=> 30 + 2,5r - E = 0 (1)
M
" ^ Ahn sang binh thu'dng nen: I, = 0,5A. E,r (. •
1
'J
- K h i C d N t h i [R//R,]: t'<
Luc do, UMN bang so chi cua von ke:

=Û,e = 4.1,5 = 6V; = ^ =^ RAC
ÂC ^
UMN = 2 4 h r
1
11
C R
.,, = ^ = ^ = 3 A v a I.= ^ =^=2A ^'^^ng do dong qua mach chinh: ^

R, 8 R 12 ••mi':
I
' = I, + I, = 0 , 5 + ^ . ^.
=^r =1, + i2 = 5A
j^^^înh luat 6m, ta c6: UAB = Eb - Irb. )
RR 1 _ 12.8 =4m khac: UAB = UAC + UCB = 6 + 1.(12-x)
Mat khac: F = vdi RN =
R^+r R+R, 12+8 6 + I.(i2_x) = Eb-Irb
=> 5 = E 24 + 5 r - E = 0 (2) '^^ + ( 0 , 5 + ^ ) . ( 1 2 - x ) = 1 2 - ( 0 , 5 + ^ ) . 6
4,8+ r X X
240 241
B6i duSng hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11, t$p 1 - IMguySn Phu D6ng oiy ii\inn iviiv uvvH Khang Vi?t
« 6 + 6-0,5x+—-6= 12-3-— ., -+x = — U3 =6V

X X . I! , .- ' . _R_
= X
pat
ER, X = -
12^_0,5x-3 = 0 <:>0,5x' + 3x-108 = 0 " ' +- - - 3
.^3 2 3 ,^^^^,^„,,^^^,,.^
=> X, = 12f2;x2 = -18Q < 0 : loai. Y l y : Khi C s A thi von ke chi 6V.
Vay: Dien trd cua phan AC la: RAC = X = 12Q; ^29, Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve. E = 6V, ^
D
dientrd cua phan CB la R(» = 12 - 12 = 0 hay C = B. ' r = IQ, Ri = R3 = R4 = R5 = la R2 = 0,8Q,
9.28. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve: khi E,r thay doi tuT 0 den lOQ. Ban dau K = 2Q. R4
C = Bvon ke chi U, = 2V, khi C tai ^1 Tinh so chi cua von ke va cong suat tieu
trungdiem AB v6nkechiU2 = 3V. i ' (y) thu cua Rx khi K md va khi K dong.
Tim Ko chi
Tim SO von ke
rhi von ke khi
khi C
C =
= A
A .. •MA'h
oiS «-h 1^ A ci b) K dong, cho R, thay doi lii 0 den lOQ, cho bie't so chi von ke" va cong sua't
fs:, . Baigiai tieu thu cua Rx tang hay giam? i, :-.|> >?
ER, Bai giai
- KhiCsB,tac6:1, = U,=I,Rv = = 2V
Ry+R + r Ry+R + r a) S6' chi cua von ke' va cong sua't tieu thu ciia R^ khi K md vS khi K dong
_ Khi K md: [R, nt R2 nt R^]:
Ry+r + R 1 Ry+r R I
— = - o ——+ = - (I) + Dien trd mach ngoai: 'A - ,S >hov,(uUu,v. < '
ER„ 2 E RV„y ER,,
^ . ^ y 2
^v
RN = Ri + R2 + Rx = 1 + 0,8 + 2 = 3,8Q
AR E
- Khi C = — , ta c6: L = E,r + CU'dng do done dien qua mach: I = = = 1,25A
2 ^ Rw+^+r ^ ^ R^ + r 3,8 + 1
© Rv
ER, 4" So' chi ctia von ke' bang UAD: UAD = UAB + UBD
^ U2 = l 2 R y = = 3 vdi: UAB = E - I r = 6 - 1,25.1 =4,75V
1^
Rw+ - + r UBD = = 0 (vi I5 = 0)
R
R = > U A D = 4,75 V
_l_Rv-^r^ R _1
+ Cong suat tieu thu cua Rx: P = Rxl^ = 2.1,25^ = 3,125W. 'M
ER, 3 ERy 2ERy 3
Khi K dong: [(R, nt R2) nt (Rx // (R3 nt R4 nt R5))]
R,(R3+R4+R,)
- KhiCsA,tac6: L = + Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = R I + R2 +
Ry+r R^+R3+R4+R5
1- Rv+r
(3) R.= l + 0 , 8 + ^ ( ' " ' " ' ) = 3 Q
Ry+r U3 ERy 2+1+1+1
1 R 6
CU'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 1,5A.
U3 -+-E.Ry 2 Rj^+r 3+1
- Thay(3)vao(l)va(2),tadirdc:
1 R
UcB=IR345x= 1,5.-^ = 1,8V
U3-+-2E.Ry
949
B6i du9ng hgc sinh gi6i V$t 1^ 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khany Viel
^l^ = l^^l^= ^ = 1A= o,6A ag suat tieu thu tren Rx:

R3+R^+R, 3 U 18x
CB _ 18
•ac6:P= I x R x vdi Ix =
- = > U 5 = I,R5 = 0,6.1 = 0,6V. :..L..,
R^ (8,4 + 5,8x)x 8,4 + 5,8x
+ So chi cua von ke: UAD = UAB + ^BD
18^
vdi UAU = E - Ir = 6 - 1,5.1 - 4,5V; U^n = -UDB = - U 5 = -0,6V. P= -.X = 324x I"
(8,4 + 5,8x)^ 70,56 + 97,44x + 33,64x^ ^ X ;

= ^ UAD = 4,5 - 0,6 = 3,9V.
V
I K:hix = 0 = ^ P = 0.
+ Cong suat tieu ihu tren R^:
324
Ta c6: Ix = I - 1 3 = 1,5 - 0,6 = 0,9A = R^ = 2.0,9^ = 1,62W. Khi x 5^ 0, bieu thiJc cua P c6 the viet thanh: P =
:• :^''rv>:f: , , 70,56
+ 97,44 + 33,64x
Vay: Khi K md, so'chi von ke la 4,75V, cong suat tieu thu ciia R j la 3,125\y. X
khi K dong, so chi von ke la 3,9V, cong sua't tieu thu cua R^ la 1,62W. J« xet: P dat cifc dai khi mau so' dat cifc tieu, tuTc la: '''' I
b) So chi von ke va cong suat tieu thu cua Rx tang hay giam? Goi dien trd CQ
70,56 70,56 • ....
gia tri la x. Khi K dong, ta c6: + 33,64x + 97,44 + 33,64x
r^.. •> , , ^ r. x(R,+ R , + R.) 3x

Dien trd doan mach CB: RCB = ^ = •
r • X + RJ+R^+RJ 3 + x Theo bat dang thiJc Cosi, ta c6; ^ ^ ^ + 3 3 , 6 4 x > J"^^'^^ .33,64x
3x 5 4 + 4 8x
Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = R12 + RCB = 1,8 + 3 + x 70,56
3+x => = 33,64x
Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh:
j _ E 6 6(3+ x) Dau xay ra khi x = = 1,45.
Rfj+r 5,4 + 4,8x ^ ^ 8,4 + 5,8x V 33,64 :••
3+x ^
Vay: Cong suat tieu thu tren Rx c6 mot gia trj ciTc dai khi Rx = 1,45Q.
Hieu dien the hai dau A, C:
9.30. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve: bo nguon gom ba pin giong nhau ghep noi
UAC = I R . = 1.8. ' ^ ' ^ ' ^ , 3 2 , 4 + l 0 , 8 x tiep, moi pin e = 1,5V, R, = R3 = 6Q, RA = 0, R y rat Idn.
8,4 + 5,8x 8,4 + 5,8x
>>) K md, ampe ke chi - A, von ke' chi I &
Hieu dien the'hai dau C, B:
4V. Tinh R2 va ro moi pin.
R, R3
UcB = IRCB = - ^ . - ^ ^ ^ = ( 2 ) ^'^ K dong, ampe ke chi 0. Tinh R4. A B
3 + x 8,4 + 5,8x 8,4 + 5,8x
^' ^ K dong, ddi cho bp nguon va ampe
So' chi cua von ke' bang UAD, vdi UAD = UAC + UCB R4
cho nhau. Hoi ampe ke', von ke
T i r ( l ) va(2), suyra:
chi bao nhieu?
32,4+ 10,8x 18x 32,4 + 22,8x D K
UAD= + = (*) Bai giai
8,4 + 5,8x 8,4 + 5,8x 8,4 + 5,8x
c6:
De xet sir bien doi cua UAD theo x, ta c6 the lam nhiT sau: Difa vac dao ha^'
Sua't dien dpng cua bp: Eb = ne = 3.1,5 = 4,5V. "i'
ta c6: U : , ( x ) = ^ ^ ' ^ • ^ ' ^ - ^ ' ^ • ^ ^ ' ^ = ^'^ ' Dien trd cua bp: rb = nro = 3ro.
(8,4 + 5,8x)^ (8,4 + 5,8x)2
Tinh R2 va ro moi pin: Khi K md, so' chi cua ampe ke bang dong I2 qua R2, so
Ta thay U]^p(x) luon Idn hdn 0 vdi moi x nen ham UAD luon tSng khi x tang *^hi ciia von ke bang UAB:
vay: Khi Rx thay ddi ttr 0 den 1OQ thi so chi cua von ke luon tSng. = UAC + UCB = U ^ ^ + U ^ ^ = U ^ ^ + U ^ ^ (1) " '' '.A
244 'A^rK, 245
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
i duano hoc sinh gioi vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
^ UAU = 0 va IA = 0.
..(2) -<v> Yay: So' chi von ke v^ ampe ke deu bang 0.
x \ Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: r = I Q ,
Ii R, g, = I Q , R2 = 4 Q , R:, = 3Q, R4 = 8Q,
A >-»-
L j ^ , = 1,5V. T i m E.
=>I, =
u ^2 _ ^21^2 _ 3 ^ _ ^2 Bai giai i
R, R, R, 18
U=3 hr K
Ta ''"O- '--'MN = U M A + UAN = - U A M + U M N
- , U M N = - I | R I +I2R2 = - I l . l +12-4
^ 1,5= - I , + 4l2 , . , I (1)

R9 ^
2R.
-+2 ^ Matkhac: I | ( R | + R^) = l2(R2 + R4)
Thay (2) va (3) vao (1): U A » = - ^ + - ^ + 2 0 1,(1 + 3 ) = l 2 ( 4 + 8)z:>l2 = ^ I , (2) A
Ma U M , = 4V 1 + 2 = 4 =^ R^ = 3 ^ .
2R, 1 1
- Thay (2) vao (1), ta diTdc: 1,5 = - 1 , + - I , . 4 - - I ,
M a t k h a c : UAn = E b - I . r b
:^ I i = 4 , 5 A ; l 2 = 1,5A=:>I = I , + I 2 = 6 A
vdi: i = l , + l , = : i ^ + l = A + l=o,5A
18 3 18 3 (1 + 3 ) . ( 4 + 8)
- Mat khac: I =
R^+r R,+ R 3 + R 2 + R 4 1+3+4+8
=:> 4 = 4 , 5 - 0 , 5 r j , r^, = I Q o Sr^ = 1 = .
06 = E = 24V.
3+ 1
V a y : R2 = 3 Q , d i e n trd ciia moi pin la to = ^ f i .
Vay: Sua't dien dong cua nguon la E = 24V.
b) Tinh R4: K h i K dong, ampe ke chi 0, do do mach la mach cau can bang, ttfc la:
^•32. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: Ri = R.i =
R, _ R , R,R2 _ 6.3 20Q, R, = lOQ. K h i R4 = 5,5Q, mac mot
= 3n
R3 R, R, von ke (Ry rat lotn) vao C B , von ke chi
V a y : R4 = 3 f i . 6,75V. K h i R4 = 20Q, mac mot ampe ke
c) So chi ampc k c , von ke khi doi cho nguon va ampe ke: K h i K dong, doi ci ( R A = 0) vao C B , ampe ke chi 0,875A.
bo nguon va ampe ke'cho nhau, ta c6 mach: Tinh cu'dng do dong dien qua mach
<^hinh trong hai truTdng hdp tren.
* % u 6 n du-clc tao nen bdi m day song song, m o i day c6 n acquy giong nhau
•â'c noi tiep. B i e t suat dien dong va dien trd trong m o i acquy la e = 2 V , fo =
R, ^ R'> R, R2
m, n. E, r
B a i giai — H-
cirdng do dong dien qua mach chinh
I B
R, R4 •""•^"g hdp R 4 = 5,5Q, Ucii = 6,75V.
X R4
D ^c6: UcB = UrM + U M u = U „ +U„
R3 B R4 R3
I,
U,^^ = i ^ R 3 = 2 0 1 , ; U , ^ = I R , = 5,51
Vi nen mach bay g i d cung la mach cau can bang
R2
R3 R4 247
B6i duSng hoc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11. t j p 1 - IMguygn Phu 06ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khar.g Vi?!
= 2OI3 + 5,51 (1)

^ Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
Mat khac: I,R, = I,(R: + R.O =^ 201, = 301,, =^ I , = l,5h
va: I = ! , + ! , = 1,51, + I , = 2,5l3
=> Ucu = 2OI3 + 5,5.2,51, = 33,751., o 6,75 = 33,75l3 0,5 = — 8,75 + 0,5— = 2n (7)
= ^ I 3 = 0,2A; I = 2,5.0,2 = 0,5A. 17,5+"-
m
- Tri/dng hdp R 4 =^ 20i2, mach dien di/dc ve lai: Xru-dng hdp R 4 = 20Q:
E, r E, R R
r
+ Dien trd mach ngoai: R^ = — ^ '^"^ ,
R2+R,34
I, I, 'i' M
-* 1 1 BE,
vdi:Rn4 = R, + - ^ = 2 0 + ^ = 3 0 J ^
—
R3+R4 20+20
I4 R4
X ^ R ^ . - ^ . 7 , 5 Q
c
R, ^ ^ '2 R2 ^ 1 0 + 30
- So chi cua ampe ke: IA = I2 + I3 = 0,875 (2)
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I ' = —
R R 20 20
- Mat khac: I2R2 = Ii(Ri + o IOI2 = I|.(20 + — : )
^ R
" 3 + R" 4 20 + 20 2n
o 1= — o 7,5 + — = 2n (8) :f;J •
n m
o 101, = 301, ^ I , = ^ (3) 7,5 +
3 m
Ta lai c6: I3R3 = I4R4 o 2OI3 = 2OI4
8,75 + 0,5— = 2 n
(4) - Tir(7) va (8), tacohe: m
Ma: l3 + l4 = I| ^ I , = l4= — = 213 (5) 7,5 + — = 2n

2 m
..I../ ' f j r
n =5
- TLr(3),(5)suyra:2l3= =>U = ^ (6) 8,75 + 0,5k = 2n
Datk = — , ta diTdc: •
3 o m 7,5 + k = 2n k = - = -=> m = ,.W„.,i;:|,i-t-*
2 ,
m 2
- Tir (2), (6) suy ra: h+ — = 0,875 => ^ = 0,875
6 6 Vay:m = 2 v a n = 5. ^ »
'^•33. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: E = 18V,
=> L = 0,75A ; I , = ^ = 0,25A; I ' = I , + = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 A.
r = IQ, R , = 3Q, R2 = 5Q, C, = 2 M F ,
Vay: CiTdng do dong dien qua m-ach chinh trong hai tru'dng hdp tren la O,'^ C2 = 6 îF . Ban dau K, md, K2 dong. r ^^^.j., |,
va l A . Tinh UMN trong hai tru'dng hdp sau: 'S- >
b) Tim m, n , urifi, : E>6ng K, tru'dc, md K2 sau.
^ K2 trirdc, dong K, sau.
Ta c6: Eb = ne = 2n; r^ = = — (e = 2V; TQ = 1 Q )
m m Bai giai
- Tru'cJnghdpR4 = 5,5Q:
^Îu6nc6:l= ^ = 2A c > y*v-^.^
+ Dien tra mach ngoai: R . = ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ + R , = ^ ^ l i l ^ , 5,5 = 17,5^^ Rj + R j + r 3+5+1
R, + R , + R , 2 0 + 1 0 + 20
249
24?
B6i duSng hoc sinh gidi V5t ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguyen Phu 06ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang ViOt
UcN = = IR, = 2.3 = 6 V ; UNB = = I R ^ = 2 . 5 = lOV

^ - 2 U ^ ^ , + 6U^-2 (4)
=^ UcB = UcN + U N B = 6 + 1 0 = 1 6 V . Tif ( 3 ) va ( 4 ) , ta c6:

- Ban dau K i m d , K 2 dong, ta c6 mach nhiT sau: U' =4,5V
=UNB = 10V:=^Q2 =C2U,.^ = 6.10 = 60^C
^2u;;.j + 6u;.^ = 6o U' = 11,5V
a) Dong K i triTdc, m d K 2 sau:
- K h i dong K|, ta c6 mach nhu" hinh a 1: :z> U M N = U M C + U C N
= - U ; , ^ + UcN = - 4 , 5 + 6 = 1 , 5 V . ,
Vay: K h i m d K 2 tru'dc, dong K| sau thi U M N = 1 , 5 V . i

04. Ba dien t r d deu bang Ro, mdc theo cdc each khdc nhau va Ian lU'cft no'i vao
mpt nguon dien khong d d i xac dinh.
Khi ba dien trd mac no'i tiep, cUdng dp dong dien qua m o i dien trd bhng 0,2A.
_ Khi ba dien t r d mac song song, cu'dng dp dong dien qua m o i dien t r d cung
bang 0,2A.
a) Tinh cu'dng dp dong dien qua m o i dien trd trong cac tru'dng hdp con l a i .
b) Can bao nhieu dien trd Ro va m^c the nao de khi no'i vao nguon dien khong
Ta c6: = U^,.^ =6W => Q^= C , U , = 2.6 = 12^C ddi noi tren, cu'dng dp dong dien qua m o i dien t r d deu bang 0,1 A .
- K h i m d K 2 ta c6 mach nhi/ hlnh a2: Bai giai ,
Taco: U ' +\J' = U ^ . = 16V a) Cifdng dp dong dien qua m o i dien t r d trong cac tru'dng hdp c6n l a i : G p i E, r
(1)
Ian liTpt la sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon
Theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich, ta c6: ••• '
- Khi 3 dien trd m^c ndî tiep:
Ro Ro Rfl
-Q;+Q2 = -Q1+Q2 = - 1 2 + 60 = 4 8 » -C,U;.^ + CjU^.^ = 4 8 B
Ta c6: RAB = 3Ro
o - 2 U c j + 6U;,^ = 4 8 : (2) E E
=> 1 = o 0,2 = I—
3Ro+r 3Ro+r E,r
U' +U' =16 U' =6V
^1
- T i r ( l ) v a ( 2 ) , taco: o 0,6Ro+0,2r = E (1)
U' =lOV RO'
-2V' + 6U' = 48
- Khi 3 dien trd m^c song song:
Ro
=> UMN = UMC + UcN = - U f j + U c N = - 6+ 6= 0. B
T a c o : RAB = I' =
Vay: K h i dong K i trUdc, m d K 2 sau thi U M N = 0. R. Ro
-+r
b) M d K 2 trirdc, dong K| sau: K h i m d K 2 tru^dc, dong K, sau thi mach dien du't*^
ve l a i n h u h i n h b l : ' «^ ^1 3 dien t r d d e u bKng nhau nen dong
T a c 6 : U;,^ + U c 2 = U ( . , j = 16V =i H« î6n qua m o i dien trd la: E, r

' I.
E E
Do m d K 2 trirdc r o i m d i dong K, nen tdng dien tich tai d i e m M b^ng dien t'c'' o 0,2 =
3
ban dau cua C 2 : (^+r).3 (^+r).3
- Q ' l + Q 2 = Q 2 = 60 o - C , U ^ j + CjU^^ = 60
^ 0,2Ro+0,6r = E (2)
OCA 25]
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
B6i duBng hoc sinh gidi V j t ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phii D6ng
0,8R„
0,6R„+0,2r = E [ E - 0 , 2 r = 0,6Ro J E = 0,8]^ <=> 0,\ 0.1= R ° ^ n = 7
T L r ( l ) va ( 2 ) , ta c 6 :
0,2Ro+0,6r = E [E - 0,6r = 0,2Rp [r = R^ " (^+r)n (—0-+r)n
n n
n ( ^n+ R o ) n
- Cac each mac con lai: y | y : Can 7 dien trd RQ va m^c noi tiep hoac song song nhau.
I Ro Ro 935. Co n acquy (E,r) giong nhau noi vdi dien trd mach ngoai R. Tim dieu kien de
Ro
A,-
^-ciD-c:
Ro
ciTdng do dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhiT nhau.
A,- Ro - C D - B a i giai
j^jii n acquy no'i tiep, ta c6: Eb = nE va rb = nr. ' '
nE
1= (1)
R + r^ R + nr
E,r E,r
Khi n acquy song song, ta c6: Eb = E va rb = - .
Hinh a Hinh b
_ 3Ro n
'AB 2 " 2 = > I ' = RT +r ^
R+ - (2)
b r, = —
0,8Ro = 0,32A n
3R. 3R„ - De dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhiT nhau thi:
-+ r 2 ° I = I ' o nE <=> nR + r = R + nR => R = r.
vai, =I2 = i = ^ =0,16A. R + nr „ r
R+ -
2RnR. -^^=0,48A Vay: De dong dien qua R khi n acquy noi tiep hoac song song deu nhu" nhau
+ Vdi hinh b: RAB = = - R . => I =
" ' " 2 R o + R o ~ 3 ^ ^ ° ' - 2R^ 2R. -+R. thi R = r.
+r 9.36. Co N = 80 nguon giong nhau, moi nguon c6 e = 1,5V, ro = I Q mac thanh x
Vi I2 = 21, va I2 +1] = 0,48 =^ I2 = 0,32A va I, = 0,16A. day song song, moi day y nguon noi tiep. Mach ngoai la dien trd R. Tim x, y
b) Can bao nhieu dien trc! Ro va mac the nao? de cirdng do qua R Idn nha't.
Vi ci/dng do dong dien qua moi dien trd deu bang nhau va b^ng 0,1 A nen chi X6t khi R bang: a) 5Q. b) 6Q.
CO the mac cac dien trd noi tiep hoac song song.
Goi n la so dien trd RQ: Tac6:Eb=:yE=:i,5>;rb=^ = - ( i ) R
- TrUdng hdp mile noi tiep, ta c6: RAB = "Ro X X
-c
0,8Ro xy = N = 80 (2)
o 0,1 = => n = 7 .
nRQ+ r nRQ+ RQ , .,1 n V Cu6ng do dong dien qua dien trd R:
X day
R E (3)
Trirdng hdp mac song song, ta c6: RAB = — => I = R+
n Rr
+r X
Vi CO n dien trd Ro mac song song nSn dong dien qua moi dien trd la: ^Tây(2)vi.o,-,; ta dtldc: I = - 1 ^ ^ ^ = y nguon
Rx 4 y Rx + y
y = y-nax thi M (Rx + y) dat aic tieu. ''
• 'J'?:,
253
Bi5i diOng hpc sinh gioi Vatjy 11. Ijip 1 - IMguygn Phu"D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi«t
- VI X, y deii diTdng nen Iheo bat ddng thiJc Co-si, ta c6:

^ Thay (1) vac (2), ta difdc: 99 < 21780
^ ,2, < 121 9,8 < X < 16,5
Rx + y > l^R^y o (Rx + y),,,,„ = 2 ^ ^ ^
Da'u xay ra khi Rx = y (4) Vi X la so nguyen nen so'den ciTc dai la x = 16.
9 38. Cho cac mach dien c6 sd do nhii sau:
Rx = y 80 ;y = R j ^ = V80R
- Ket hdp (4) vdi (2), ta c6: E
+,r
=> X =
xy = 80 R R 1" K
1
80 = 4 M i C
c
X= II 1 ^
a) Vdi R = 5Q II CII B
2R 1
^, ,, [y = 78a5=20 „ i;, „;.; „.4n:. R 2R
1 1 ' 1
Vay: Vdi R = 5Q thi bo nguon gom 4 day va mSi day c6 20 acquy. 1 1 1 ^
Hinh 1 Hinh 2
80 R
b) Vdi R = 6Q X= = 3,65 &nX'^^S'' Nguon CO sua't dien dpng E va dien trd trong T = —. Cac tu dien c6 dien
y = %â6 =21,9 dung C ban dau chiTa tich dien. Dien trd cac day no'i va khoa khong dang ke.
•••••
Vi X, y nguyen va xy = 80 nen suy ra x = 4; y = 20. a) Tinh dien liTdng truyen qua doan day MN d cac mach dien cho tren.
Vay: Vdi R = 6Q till bp nguon gom 4 day va moi day c6 20 acquy. b) Tinh nhiet lu'dng toa ra tren dien trd R trong mach (2). ; ,
9.37. Nguon E = 180V, r = 2Q dan dien den ndi tieu thu nhd di/dng day dan dien ; ~ Bai giai
trd R = 4 Q . Ndi tieu thu c6 mot so den 1 lOV - lOOW mac song song. Tim so E,r .E,r
+ l~ A K
den ciTc dai c6 the th^p sang sao cho hieu di$n the hai dau den sai lech
1
khong qua 10% hieu dien the' dinh mtfc. C M M C
Bai giai C
1! B
R 2R 2R
- Ta c6: U^,., = 1 lOV; R^ = = ^ = 12m. 1 1
N N
Fr-i 100 Hinh 1
Goi X la so" den mile song song (x nguyen, dUdng): Hinh 2
aljDien lu'dng truyen qua doan day MN d cac mach dien
R 121 |Vdihinh(l):
- Dien trd cua bo den la: —^ = . V Khi K md: q, = 0, qj = 0 q = 0.
X X E
- 1CUdng .180x Khi K dong: Dong dien qua mach ngoai: I = ,'.>A i\u
= dp dong dien qua mach ngoai:
121 + 2^ 6x+ 121
E E +r 4
A
+ —
180
X X Vdi:RN = R + 2R = 3R;-r= - 1 =
' ~ 7R
- Hieu dien the giCTa hai dau den la: 2 2
U = I- 180x 121 21780 (1) 2F 4F
X 6X+121 x 6x4-121 UAM = IR = ; UMB = I.2R =
—
- De hieu dien the giffa hai dau den sai lech khong qua 10% (10% = 0,1) h'^^' 2EC 4EC
dien the dinh miJcthi: 110-0,1.110 q, = C U A M = - ^ ; q 2 = c u M B = -—.
o 99 Q ^ ^ = - C E ^
+ Tong dien tich tren cac ban tu noi vdi d i e m M la: Q'M = - q i + q2 = —
2CE khac: QR + Q2R = Q A M = C E ' (3)
+ D i e n liTdng truyen qua M N la: Aqj^^^ = ' 1 M " 1 M ' = Q 2R

^ [ R / / 2 R ] nen: - ^ = — =2
•' . 2CE ^2R
Vay: O hinh 1, dien li/dng truyen qua M N la A q ^ ^ = va truyen t(r M
(4)
den M . r
- V d i hinh (2): r *' Thay (4) vao (3), ta diTdc: 2Q2R + QZR = - C E ^
+ V i dong dien khong chay qua cac tu dien nen: U M B = U N B = E.

=:>Q2R = T 7 C E ' ; Q R = 2 . A C E ^ = AcE^
=>q;=CU^B=CE;q^=CU^3=CE
21 21 21
+ T o n g dien liTdng d i qua A la: q'A = q ' l + q'2 = 2CE. 1
vay: Nhiet liTdng toa ra tren R la: Q,^ = 2\
+ G o i dien lu'dng truyen qua A M la A q , , qua A N la Aq2 .
2 DINH L U A T O M C H O C A C L O A I D O A N M A C H
A q , + A q 2 = 2CE Aq, = j C E
9.39. Nguon dien (E, r ) , khi dien trd match ngoai la R i = 2 Q thi ciTcfng dp d6ng
Ta c6: Aq
dign qua R i la I , = 8A. K h i dien trd mach ngoai la R2 = 5 Q thi hieu dien the
Aq, R Aq, = - C E
hai dau nguon la U2 = 25V. T i m E, r.
Bai giai
+ D i e n lU'dng truyen qua M N la: IAq^j^l = l - C E - C E l = - C E .
- Khi R = R, = 2Q, ta c6: I = =— =8A
Rj+r 2+r
Vay: 6 hinh 2, dien liidng truyen qua M N la JAqj^j^j = - j C E va truyen tCr M
:i>E-8r-16 = 0 (1)
denN.
- Khi R = R2 = 5Q, ta c6: UAB = IR2 = ^ ^ R . = — = 25
b) Nhiet lifdng tea ra tren R trong mach (2): Rj+r 5+r
- Ta c6: D i e n li/dng truyen qua nguon la: q ' = 2CE 5E-25r-125 = 0 (2)
=^ Cong cua nguon dien la: A = q'E = 2 C E I
'E-8r-I6 =0 E = 40V
- M a t khac: NSng lu'dng cua hai tu dien la: T t r ( l ) va (2), t a c o :
5E-25r-5 = 0 r = 3n
W = W, + W2 = - C E 2 + - C E ^ = C E ^ , pi ^ Hy: Sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon la E = 4 0 V ; r = 3 Q .
2 2 ' •
- Theo dinh luat bao toan nSng liTdng, ta c6: Q = A - W = 2CE^ - CE^ = CE^ Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve:
E = 170V, r = 5 a R, = 195Q,
Qr + Q A M = Q = C E ' (1)
^2 = R 3 = 200Q, von ke c h i
O r R R 2R 2
- V i r nol tiep R A M nen: ^ = , vdi: r = - va R A M = — — - = - R ' ^ V . T i m dien trd von k e .
ÂM ^ K+ZK 3
B a i giai
R
^Pdung dinh luat 6 m cho doan mach chiJa nguon, ta c6: R2
(2) ^ C B = E - I ( R | + r ) = 1 7 0 - 1 ( 1 9 5 + 5) (1)
ÂM -R
khac, so chi cua von ke bhng lOOV nen: j
3
U c B = 100 (2)
257
256
uty n
- T i r ( l ) va (2) suyra: 170-2001 = 100 : nm UAD: Ta c6: UAD = UAC + U C D = IR3 + I 2 R 2
=:>I = 0,35A
CiTcJng do dong dien qua R 2 va R3 la:
'
Ma h= U^n = 1,125.2 +^
2 +6
.2 = 2,7V .
- R2+R4
100 Vay: Dien trd R 4 = 6 Q , hieu dien the giffa A va D la UAD = 2,7V.
I2 = = 0,25A
R2+R3 200 + 200 So chi cua ampe ke ^ Qj, !
- CiTcfng do dong dien qua von ke la: Iv = I - I2 Khi K i , K 2 deu dong, mach dien duTcJc ve lai nhu"sau: *,
=>Iv = 0,35-0,25 = 0 , l A |, Ta c6: IA = I2 + I4 -j : ,3, ;^.s; fv v '•~' ^'

R,R,
- Dien trd cua von ke: Ry = ^ = — = lOOOQ, R,23= R,+ ' ' = 2 + ^ = 3 Q ^
R2+R3 " 2 + 2
R,
Vay: Dien trd cua von ke la Rv = lOOOQ. R,„.R, 3 6 * D,A B
R N = R,234 = „ ' = = 2fl
9.41. Cho mach dien nhU hinh ve: •<v> R,23+R4 3+6
«
E, r R4
E = 6,3V, r = 2Q, R, = R 2 = R 3 rdng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
= 2Q, R A = 0, Rv rat Idn. ' ' 6,3 I4
R3
= 1,575A
a) Tim so chi von ke khi K | , K 2 deu md. RN + T 2+2
b) K| md, K 2 dong, von kechi 4,05V. ::> U^3 = E - I r = 6,3-1,575.2 = 3,15V
Tim R 4 va U A D . R,
(6) / _ U 4 _ 3,15
c) Tim so chi ciia ampe ke' khi K | , K 2 R4 4a: U 4 = UAB = 3,15 => L = = 0,525A
- • - R , 6
deu dong. D
Bai giai I3 + I2 + I4 = I =^ I3 + I2 = I -14 = 1,575 - 0,525 = 1,05A.
a) So' chi von ke' khi K|, K 2 deu md Mat khac, vi R , = R 3 nen 1. = L = -1^ = 0,525A .
Khi K|, K 2 deu md, mach ngoai chi gom [R3 nt RJ:
E 6,3 IA = I2 +14 = 0,525 +0,525 = 1,05A. .'i^^^',':,^^ ,
CUdng do dong dien qua mach: I = = 1,05A
R,+R3 + r 2+2+2 Vay: So' chi cua ampe ke la 1,05A.
''•42. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve, bo
So chi cua von ke: UAB = E - Ir = 6,3 - 1,05.2 = 4,2V.
R. R. R,
nguon gom 8 pin, moi pin c6 e = 2V,
Vay: So chi von ke'khi K,, K 2 deu md la 4,2V.
To = 1 0 mic thanh 2 day song song
b) Tim R 4 va U A D : Khi K, md, K 2 dong, ta c6: R3 nt [ R i / / ( R 2 nt R 4 ) ] (hmh ve):
moi day 4 pin. Dien trd R , = 24Q,
, Taco: UAB = E - I r
1^2= 12Q, R 3 = 8Q, R4 = 2Q, R A = 0,
'=>I = i ± M = « ^ = ,.,-25A Rv rat Idn.
R4
r 2 A Tim so' chi cua cac ampe ke. . D
Mat khac: UAB = UAC + Uce = IR3 + UCB R, B
Tim so chi ciia von ke'. Dau du'dng \ If
o 4 , 0 5 = 1,125.2+ UcB=ÛcB= 1,8V . R3
i p von ke'phai no'i vdi diem nao?
R2 R4
Bai giai
I 1,125 D Wchi cua cdc ampe ke: V i dien trd cua cac ampe ke b i n g 0 nen mach c6
2.(2+ R , ) ^hl du'cJc ve lai nhu'sau:
<=> 1,6= - — - — — .R4 =6a »
R,+ R 2 + R 4 2 + 2 + R.
25 )
_B6i dusng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khann ViSt
Ta thay: U D C > 0 = ^ V D - Vc > 0 = ^ V D > Vc.

Vay: So' chi von ke' la I V , ciTc difdng cua von ke no'i vdi d i e m D ( V Q > Vc).
'3 Rj
9 43. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve. C
R4
®
M o i nguon e = 2V, r = I Q , dien
I: R, trd R i = 1 ^ , R2 = 12fi, R3 = 6Q,
= 2 Q , tu C = 0,8 M F , R A = 0 , . R2 R3
D
R,
R4
Rv rat Idn. Tinh:
D Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong
cua bp nguon.
Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua bp nguon: b) So' chi cac ampe ke va von k e .
Eb = 4e = 4.2 = 8 V ; fb = — = — = 2Q c) Dien tich cua tu dien.

2 2 B a i giai
a) Sua't dien dpng va dien trd trong cua bp nguon
D i e n trd mach ngoai: R N = R123 + R 4 = + R4
- V i dien trd cua cac ampe ke bang 0 va R y ra't Idn nen mach dUdc ve lai nhiT sau:
R2.R3 „ 24.4,8 C
vdi: R23 = = 4,8V => RN = + 2 =6Q
R2+R3 12 + 8 24 + 4,8
8
R, R, R4
R3 N
Cu-dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh; I = -Rj^
— +2 —r, = _6 — _ = 1A .
+ 2
M
1
U A B = IR12.1 = 1.4 = 4 V z:>I, = - J ^ = — = - A D
R, 24 6
— f i y
=Î2 + I3 = I - I , = 1-7 = | A
1 1
(1) 1 1
6 6
E
M a t khac: I2R2 = I3R3 o I 2 I 2 = 8 I 3 (2) 1
Tir(l)va(2)suyra: I 2 = -l A
A ;;il33 = -iA .
3 ^ 2 Sua't d i e n dpng va dien trd trong cua bp nguon:
Vay: + So'chi cua ampe ke' 1 bkng: I = l A .

Eb = 2e = 2.2 = 4V; rb = = r^ = I Q
+ So chi cua ampe ke 2 b^ng: I2 +13 = - A.

6 S6' chi cac ampe ke va . ^ .c
+ S6' chi cua ampe ke' 3 b^ng: I i + I2 = ^ + j = 0,5A . Ta c6: [ R , nt (R2 // R3) nt R 4 ] = ^ R23 = - ^ ^ ^ ^ = = 4Q
R2+R3 12 + 6
b) S6' chi cua v o n ke: So chi cua von ke' bang do Idn cua U D C - '=^RN = RI234 = R I + R 2 3 + R 4 = 1 + 4 + 2 = 7Q •>
Taco: UDC = UDA + UAC
Cudng dp dong dien qua mach ngoai: I = = 0,5A
U D A = - I . R 4 = -1.2 = - 2 V ; U A C = 2 e - - . 2 r „ = 2 . 2 - - . 2 . 1 = 3 V 7+1
2 " 2
=Î2 + I3 = 0,5 (1)
r:>UDt' = - 2 + 3 = I V .
^•1t khac: I2R2 = I3R3 < ^ I 2 I 2 = 6 I 3 (2)
261
260
Bfii duang hpc sinh gi6i V$t 1^ 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu E)6ng Cty INilll MIV DVVH Khang Vigt
1 E 18
Tu-(l)va(2)suyra: = - A; I , = - A . Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = ^— = = l 8A
R^+r, 7,5 + 2,5 '
So chi cua ampe ke 1: U i = I3 = ^ = 0,33A . =1=1,8 [ l , + I =1,8 f l , =0,45A
Ta co: •
[I,(R,+ Rp) = l2R2 [301,-1012=0 [l2 = l , 3 5 A ' ,
So chi cua ampe ke 2: IA2 = I = 0,5A.
So chi cua von keco gia tri bang do Idn cua UDF,: Vay: Cir5ng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va moi nhanh la • '' -
1= 1,8A, I | = 0 , 4 5 A , l 2 = 1,35A.
Ta c6: VDE = U D A + UAH
0,5 [,) Dp sang den thay doi ra sao
I
vdi: U i M = - I R i --0,5.1 =-0,5V; UAH = e - --TQ = 2 - 4 - . 1 = 1,75V _ R^CRi+R,,) ^ R2(Ri + 12)
Ta c6: RH = = , (,l)
=>UD,.; = - 0 , 5 + 1 , 7 5 = I,25V. Rj+Ri+R,-, R2+R, + 12
' Vay: Cac ampe ke chi 0,33A, 0,5A; von ke chi 1,25V. it;) E
Ci/ctng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I =
c) Dien tich ciia tu dien
Hieu dien the giiJa hai dau tu dien bang UAM:
E E
Hieudienthe haidau A , B : UAB = I R N = =
UAM = U A C + U c N = IRi + I2R2 = 0,5.1 + -.12 = 2,5 V.
6
Dien tich ciia tu dien: q = C U A M = 0,8.2,5 = 2 = 2.10 *C.
E,
9.44. Bo nguon gom 20 pin gio'ng nhau, moi Cirdng dp dong dien qua den: I , = = ^ (2)
— I I - - 1
pin CO e = 1,8V, r,, = 0,5Q mac thanh 2 day ^'""^^ ( i + ^ ) ( R , + i2)
song song, moi day 10 pin no'i tiep. 1 1
^N,,,
- I I --
Den thuoc loai 6 V - 3 W . T i r ( l ) v a ( 2 ) , tadiTdc:
Ban dauR, = 18Q, R2 = lOQ. i E. Eb
1
I, = (2')
a) Tun cu'dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh V—y ^^(R.+R, + 12)r,
N
.(R. + 12) R, + 12+,,+ ^ ^ i ^ ' ' ^ ' ^
va moi nhanh. R2(Ri+I2) R2
i
b) Tang R2 hoac R|, dp sang den thay doi ra sao? 1
Ta tha'y, neu Rj giff nguyen con tang R2 thi mau so cua bieu thufc (2') giam
c) Ri = 18Q. Tim R2 de den sang diing djnh miifc. R2
nen dong qua den se tang, den se sang hdn.
d) R2 = lOQ. Tim R| de den sang dung dinh muTc.
Neu R2 khong doi, tang R| thi mau so cua bieu thiJc (2' se tang nen dong qua
B a i giai
den giam, den giam sang.
a) Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua mach chinh va moi nhanh Tim R2 de den sang diing djnh mile
Taco: Eb = ne= 10.1,8= 18V ThayR| = 18fi vao (2') ta diWc:
r.= ^ = lM^=2,5Q I,= _ = (3)
m 1
18+12 + 2 , 5 + ( ^ ± ' 2 ) : M 32,5R,+ 75
RD = = 12Q A
P 3 '
R, ^
E)edensdngbinhthi/cJngthiI, =Id,„: gj- i .r Ji>-:6g
Dien trcl mach ngoai: I2' N
i li = Ic:,„= ^ - 7 = 0,5A (4) '
_ R ; ( R | + R , ) ) _ 10.(18+ 12) _
RN = = 7,5fi U, 6
R 2 + R , + RD 10+18+12 R2
0^0
B6i doBng hoc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjip 1 - NguySn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
18R. + TCr (5) va (6) ta c6: - I = 1,5 + 0,51

hay (4) vao (3) ta diTcJc: 0,5 = => R , - 21,4n
32,5R2+75 I = - 1 A: d6ng dien thiTc te nguWc chieu ta chon. ^ :,v> « I :.M > •
+ So chi cua von ke la U A B = - ( - 1 ) = I V , ciTc du-dng cua v 6 n kS' n o i vdi A
Vay: Be den sang diing dinh miirc thi R 2 = 21,4Q.
(VA>VB).
d) T i m R i de den sang diing dinh mtfc
9 4 6 . Cho mach dien nhu'hinh ve, E j = 6 V , rj = I Q ,
Thay R2 = lOQ vao (2') ta diTctc: Ei, r, E2,
' E2 = 4 V , T2 = 2Q, R A B = Vf2, Rv rat Wn.
J ^ 18 ^ 180
Tim so chi cua von ke neu: ^
^ ' ^ . . 1 2 . 2 , 5 . ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^
' 10
_
_
C triing A .
C d vi tri R A C = 1 ^ - J
®
D e den sang binh thiTdng thi I , = Id,,, = 0,5A:
180
b) Tinh R A C de von ke chi 0; chi I V .
A
CD-
0,5 = R , = 14,8f^. Bai giai
12,5R,+175
6 + 4
Ta cd: Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach: I = = lA.
Vay: D e den sang dung djnh rnHc t h i R , = 14,8Q . 7+1+2
9.45. Ba nguon giong nhau, moi nguon c6: e = 1,5V, r = 0,5Q va mot von k- a) So'chi cua von ke'
(Rv ra't Idn) Ian liTdt mac theo ba scf do nhiT hinh ve. T i n h so chi von ke i; Ei,r,
- Khi C = A : R A C = 0, R C B = 7Q.
moi sd do. Ta c d : U c M = E , - I r , = 6 - 1 . 1 = 5 V .
Vay: So' chi cua von ke b^ng 5V, ciTc dUdng
cua von k e n o ' i vdi C.
- K h i C d v i t r i RAC=
=^ UcM = E , - I(r, + R A C ) = 6 - 1.(1 + I ) = 4 V .
Vay: So chi cua von ke bKng 4 V , ciTc du'dng cua von ke' noi v d i C.
b) Tinh R A C
- Ta luon cd: U C M = E , - I(ri + R A C ) = 6 - (1 + R A C ) = 5 - R A C ^ R A C = 5 - U C M
Hinh a - De von ke chi 0: U C M = 0 = > R A C = 5Q.

Hinh b Hinhc
- De von ke chi 1V: U C M = ± 1 V (dau " + " i^ng v d i ciTc du'dng no'i v d i C, dau " - "
Gia suf dong dien trong mach c6 chieu n h i / h i n h ve:
\ing vdi ciTc du'dng no'i vdi M ) .
- Hinh a: Nhanh tren: U A B = 2e - I.2ro (1)
R^^ = 5 + 1 = 6Q
N h a n h d i r d i : UAB = - e + Iro (2)
R^^ =5-1 =4^ •
1,5
+ TCf (1) va (2) ta c6: 2e - I.2ro = - e + Iro = — = — = 3A
To 0,5 Vay: D e v o n ke chi so 0 thi R A C = 5Q; de von ke chi I V thi R A C = 6Q hoac
+ So chi cua von ke: U A B = 2.1,5-3.2.0,5 = 0. RAC = 4Q. ^ Ei,r, E2, r2

- H i n h b : N h a n h t r e n : U A B = - 2 e + I.2ro = -3 + I (3) > 9 . 4 7 . Cho mach dien nh\i hinh ve:
— I— — I —
Nhanh dirdi: U A B = - e - I . r o = - 1 , 5 - 0 , 5 1 (4) E, = 6 V , E2 = 3V, r, = r2 = I Q ,
+ TCr (3) vh (4) ta c6: -3 + I = -1,5 - 0,51 I = 1 A; U A B = -3 + 1 = - 2 V . R, = 5Q, R2 = 3Q, R v rat Idn.
+ So chi cua von ke la 2V, ciTc difdng noi vdi B . ^) V o n ke V chi 0. Tinh R3.
B
^) Dao vj t r i cac cifc cua mot trong D
- Hinh c: Nhanh tren: U A B = -I.2ro = - I (5)
Nhanh diTdi: U A B = e + I.ro = 1,5 + 0,51 (6) hai nguon. T i m so chi cua von ke.
265
B6i di/Sng hpc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - IMguygn PhO £)6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
B a i giai UAB > 0: Tii (2), de UAH > 0 thi:

a) Tinh R 3 : Ta c6: E,,r, E2, rj
P r
— I_ B
3R.
Dien trd mach ngoai: RN = R , + (R + r2)E,-E2r, > 0 ^ E, > ^
''^R2+R3 3+R3
Ei, r, E2, I
b)
C pg' UAB < 0: TCr (2), de UA„ < E^r,
0 thi:
Ci/dng do dong dien qua mach: I = (R + r2)E,-E2r, < 0 =:>E, <
6+3 = 9(3 + ^ 3 ) ^ e ' UAH = 0: TiT (2), de UAB = 0 thi: (R + r2)E, - E.r, = 0
=i> I = - R,
IOR3+2I 1
J
D' ^ => E, =
3 + R3
R. ' R+r,
Ta c6: UDC = UDB + âc = IR23 - E2 + hj = ICRj.i + rz) - E2 E r
9.(3 + R3) Vay: De UAB > 0 thi Ej > —
R ^+ -r.^ ; de UAB < 0 thi E, < R + r, ; de UAB = 0 thi
-+ 1 - 3 = 4R3+3 -3
IOR3 + 2 ! 3 + R^ IOR3+2I
E - - ^
De von ke chi so 0: UQC = 0 <=> -
' ~ R + r.
•2 fiOcN -7
-.(4R3+3)-3 = 0
iOR3 +21 El, r,
9.49. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R = lOQ, r, = r2 = I Q .
h-
36R3 + 27 - 3OR3 - 63 = 0 R3 = 6 Q . RA = 0. Khi xe djch con chay bien trd Ro, so' chi ampe R«
E2, r2
Vay: R3 =6n. ke'khong doi va bang l A . — I—
b) So chi cua von ke khi dao ci/c cua mot nguon: Gia suT dao ciTc cua nguon E2, ^mEi.Ej.
cirdng do dong dien qua mach la: B a i giai
R
3.(3 + 6) ^ _1_^ - Vi khi xe dich con chay Ro, so'chi cua ampe
1= ^'-^2
R^+rj+r^ 10.6 + 2! 3 ke khong ddi nen khong CO dong dien chay El, ri
qua nguon E|. h ; . 5 1 Jy.,.;? ~
1
Ta c6: U m = - E, + I(ri + R,) = -6 + - . ( 1 + 5) = - 4 V ^ UDC = 4V. Ro
- Taco: UAB = IR = 1.10= lOV. ; E2, r:
B
+ Vdi nguon E,, ta c6: UAB = E , => E , = l O V . { ; ^
Vay: Khi dao cifc cua mot nguon thi so chi cua von ke bang 4V, ciTc du'dng I,
no'i vdi D. + Vdi nguon E2, ta CO: UAB = E2 - Ir2
=>E2 = UAB + I r 2 = 10+ 1.1 = I I V . 'ki:MA>
9.48. Cho mach dien nhirhinh ve. Tim E , de: R
E,,r, E2, r2 Vay: Sua't dien dong cua cac nguon dien la
a) U A B > 0 . B Ei,r, ^
— h- — h- ^ E , = 10V,E2= I I V .
b) U A B < O . ; :
R Ii Ro
c) UAB = 0. ' " E2, h
'•M •* !• B a i giai
Ta c6: !\
+ 1=
E, + E , •tf'J.rui ^ '1 , i i
R
K5>
R + r, + (I)
+ n,,-P.-T.,-F. (E.-Ê,)r. _ ( R + r , ) E , - E , r ,
(2)
^' R+r,+ r2 R+ r^ +
266 267
B6i du8ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjit 19 11, tjtp 1 - Nguygn Phii P 6 n g Cty TITOTTIgrrVTiWH Khang Viet
9.50. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: Ri = 2R2, R R2 0 2I, +3213= 12 (3)
' M
R4 = 2R3, E, = 12V, ri = r2 = 2Q, RA = RG I, =
'
2A
3
= 0, Rv rat idn. 101, - I O I 3 - E 2 =0
a) K md, von ke chi lOV, ampe ke chi Tir(l). (2), (3): 51, - 2 O I 3 + E 2 = 0
1/3A. TinhR|,R2, R3, R4. 21, +32I3 = 12
b) K dong, dien ke chi 0. Tinh Ej. E . = 10 = 3,33V
c) Thay khoa K bang tu C = 3|aF va ddi
ciTc nguon E2. Tinh Q cua tu va xac djnh Vay: Sua't dien dong cua nguon E2 la E2 = 3,33V. : .
dau dien tich tren cac ban tu. E, c) Tinh Q cua tu va xac dinh da'u dien tich tren cac ban tu
Bai giai Khi thay khoa K b5ng tu C, do dong dien khong chay qua tu C nen cac dong
a) Tinh R,, R2, R3, R4: Khi K md mach dxidc ve lai nhiTsau: dien trong mach bay gid giong nhufd cau (a). R
R, Ta c6: UNM = UNA + UAM = -I3R3 + IiRi 1 1
Ta c6: U A B = lOV; l 3 = ^ A . M
=>UNM= ~ . 1 0 + | . 1 0 = ^ V ^ C
Mat khac: UNM = -E2 + Uc Ê2
'3
3 IT TT c 10 10 20,, R3 R4
oR3 + 2 R 3 = 30Q = > U C = UNM + E 2 = — + — = — V I3
1—1
. , N
= lOQ va R 4 = 2R3 = 20Q.
A h ^ — I < ] ^1^ \ I B
= > R3
Mat khac: UAB = EI - Iri E, IP 3 3 3

Vay:
vaQ =Dien
CUctich
= 3cua
. —tu=20^C
la Q = 2.10^^ C va ban noi vdi M tich dien Sm (vi Uc> 0).
=2.10-'C.
^ 1 = E, - U
AB _ 12-10
= 1 A=Î, = I - L = 1 — = - A Chu y: Neu chiing ta tinh ra Uc < 0 thi ban diTdng cua tu di/dc noi vdi N.
' - ^ 3 3
9.51. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh: E , = 4,5V, E l , r, >»i
UAB = Ii(Ri + R2) = - . ( 2 R 2 + R 2 ) = 2R2 E2=1,8V, r, = 1Q, RAB = 8Q, RA = 0. — I

a) Tim vi tri con chay C de ampe ke'chi 0. ,B
R,= ^ ^ = —
]0 =5Q vaR, =2R2= lOQ. ^) Mc them R = 3Q song song vdi doan
2 2 mach chiJa E2 va ampe ke'. Tim vj tri
Vay: R, = lOQ; R2 = 5Q; R 3 = lOQ; R 4 = 20Q. son chay C de ampe ke chi 0. E2,r2
b) TinhEj W Bai giai
Khi K dong, dien ke' chi 0 nen khong c6 dong ^) Vi tri con chay C de ampe ke chi 0 Ei,r,
dien qua nguon E2, mach du'dc ve nhi/ sau: Vi ampe ke' chi so 0 nen khong c6 dong qua E2: — I —
Chon cac vong nhiT hinh ve, ta c6: =ÛAC = E 2 = 1 , 8 V
,B
+ V6ng(a):I,R,-E2-l3R3 = 0
Mat khdc: I = 4,5
o 101,-10l3-E2 = 0 (1) 8 + 1 = 0,5A.
+ V 6 n g ( b ) : I i R 2 - l 3 R 4 + E2 = 0
o 5 I , - 2 0 l 3 + E2 = 0 (2) ^R -I^ = M=3,6«. E2,r2
+ V6ng (c): IJCRJ + R 4 ) - E , + Ir, = 0 I 0,5

o 13.(10 + 20) - 12 + (I, + h)-2 = 0 Vfiy: Vi tri con chay de ampe ke chi 0 Ik R^c = 3,6 n .
269
268
801 guang ngc'înrrgiot vatTT- I I, LJ^J I - iMguymi tiuiig
Cly TNHHMTV DV'! i
b) Vj tri con chay C de ampe ke' chi 0 khi mac them R'
i;'),;nfi V:?!
UAB= E,^ = 2x = 2 . ( 1 6 - y ) (2)

Khi mac them R, mach diWc ve kii nhiTsau:
VI ampe ke' chi so' 0 nen: U,^, = U ^ ^ = E2 = 1,8V . E|, r, + Tir(l) va (2): 2.(16-y)= o 2y^ + 28y - 4 8 0 = 0
— I —
^ 15+y
3 y = 10 va y = -24<0(loai) vax = 1 6 - 1 0 = 6.
^ R' R AC RrCB
Mat khac: UAC + UCB - E, + lii = 0 Vay: De cu'dng do qua mot day bang 0 thi so nguon cua moi day la 6 va 10.
ol,8 + IRni-4,5 + l = 0
E2. ^ 53, Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: Ei = 6V,
' S2 = 4,5V, r, = 2Q, R = 2Q, R A = 0.
oKRcH + i)-2,7 = 0
oI(8-R,u + 1)-2,7 = 0 Ampe ke chi 2A. Tinh rj.
I2'
o 1(9-R.vr)-2,7 = 0
Bai giai
(1) Gia su" dong dien c6 chieu nhi/hinh ve, ta c6:
vaI = I, + I,= ^ + 1 , = - 1 ^ + 0 , 6 (2) U A B = I R = 2.2 = 4V. a,r
R AC R AC
Xet nhanh tren, ta c6: UAB - E | + I|ri = 0
Thay (2) vao (1): ( - 1,8
^ + 0 , 6 ) . ( 9 - R ^ ^ c ) - 2,7 = 0 E„r
ÂC
16 2 ' Xet nhanh du'di, ta c6: U A B - E 2 + I2r2= 0
o 0 , 6 R ^ c + 0 , 9 = 0 o 0,6R^f, - 0 , 9 R ^ c -16,2 = 0
= > l 2 r 2 = £ 2 - U ^ B = 4 , 5 - 4 = 0,5
JÂC
0,5
=> R ^ c = 6 Q ; R^^, =-4,5Q < 0: loai. = I. (2)
Vay: Vj tri con chay de ampe ke chi 0 trong triTdng hdp nay la RAC = 6 Q .
9.52. Co 1 6 nguon giong nhau, moi nguon e = 2V, FQ = IQ, mac thanh hai day latkhac, tai nut A: I = I, + I2 => Ij = I - I , = 2 - 1 = lA
song song, moi day x va y nguon noi tiep. Mach ngoai la R = 15Q. Tim x, y Thay vao (2) ta diTdc: T2 = 0,5Q. Vay: r2 = 0,5Q.
de cirdng do qua mot day bang 0. X nguon ' 9.54. Mot day kim loai dong cha't tiet dien deu chieu dai d va dien trd R. Hai
Bai giai cho tie'p xuc di dong Ci va C2 c6 the di chuyen doc theo AB. Mot pin mau Pi
Ta c6: X + y = 1 6 i CO sua't dien dong ei da biet diTdc noi ciTc diTdng vdi A, ciTc am vdi Ci qua
\ xe = 2x; r,^ = xr^ = x mot dien ke' G. Mot nguon dien P2 can do suaft dien dpng e2 diTpc no'i ciTc
= y e = 2y;rb^ =yro = y y nguon dircfng vdi A, ctfc am vdi C2 (hinh ve). Dien trd cac day noi va cho tiep xuc
Gia suT dong qua day chiJa x nguon b^ng 0, khong dang ke. Chpn vi tri cua Ci va C2 sao cho dien ke G chi so" 0.
ta c6: '! ' R
^) Tinh ti so ^ theo cac do dai di = AC, va dz = AC2 neu dien trd trong r2 cua
+ CUcfng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: 1 P,
P2 la nho CO the bo qua diTpc.
1= 15+y pinh ti so — theo di, d2 ne'u r2 , C2
-B
c,
+ Hieu dien the hai dau bo nguon: UAB = IR = = (1) ^hong the bo qua dU'dc. + -
-|l
15+y 15+y * 2
+ Mat khac, dong dien khong qua day chiJa x nguon nen ta c6: Ngi/di ta dung sd do tren de do sua't dien dpng 62, hay tnnh bay each do do.
270 271
B6\g hpc sinh gi5i vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
d) De do sua't dien dong diTdc de dang hdn, ngiTdi ta chon them mot nguon
CO suat dien dong > ej. Trinh bay each do nay.
Bai giai '/ e, d, r, R
V a V N e u khong bo qua r2 thi — = — v d i ro = — .
a) Ti so — theo d i , 62 neu dien t r d trong r2 cua P2 c6 the bo qua dufdc e, dj d,ro , d
Cich do suat dien dong e2

Ta c6: AC, = d , ; AC2 = d2; C1C2 = d2 - d,. c)
, ^ , . ^7 * r,
Tif ket qua cau b, ta co: — = — + — , trong do CO hai an 62 va r2 chufa biet
Tir cong iMc: R = p - ta diTdc: d, d,ro
•'1
s pgn chiing ta can l a m hai Ian thi nghiem, tCr do c6 du'dc hai phu'dng trinh, giai
he phu'dng trinh nay ta t i m du'dc ej va r2.
R.c,=R,=pi4R;R.c,=R.=p| = i.R J) Cach do 62 khi dung them nguon P3: De do e2 khi diing them nguon P3 ta lam
R
„
= R„ d , - d,
= p ^ L = d~ - d,
_2 LR nhiTsau:
AC3 3 K g ^
, Noi ciTc du'dng cua P3 v d i A, ciTc am vdi B, ciTc di/dng cua nguon P, noi vdi A,
K h i do, mach c6 the dufdc ve l a i :
ci/c am v d i dien ke' G, ciTc con lai cua dien ke' noi con chay.
V i IG = 0 nen suy ra dong dien qua mach chinh:
- Thay nguon Pi bdi P2.
1= 9.55.
R, R3 p - Mot nguon dien mot chieu cd suat dien dpng E va dien trd trong r khong d d i ,
C, chu'a biet gia trj cua E va r.

Bo qua r2 (r2 = 0) nen: I= - +- - Mot ampe ke' va mot von ke' c6 so chi chinh xac nhu'ng khong biet dien trd
i.R "^^^ cua chung.

- Mot bie'n t r d khong biet gia trj. < .
- Cac day noi cd dien t r d nho khong dang ke. .„
' d2R d d2
Xay difng cac phiTdng an thiTc hanh vdi cac dung cu da cho de xac dinh gia trj
Mat khac vi dong qua Ci bang 0 nen U . p = e, = —

^2 _ ^2 cua sua't dien dong E va dien trd trong r?
Bai giai
1 dj e, d, Chiing ta cd the bo tri cac dung cu theo sd do sau:
Vay: Neu bo qua r2 thi — = — . * Tacd: UcD = E - I(r + RA) Rv
e, d, E>ieu chinh bie'n trd Rb 3 Ian, khi dd ©>
chi cua ampe ke va von ke' tifdng
©>
+ -
b) Ti so' — theo d i , d2 neu dien trd trong r2 ciia P2 khong the bo qua diTdc
— h - D
•Jng l a I , , U , , l 2 , U2,13,
U3. E,r
Neur2 ;^0,tac6: U . ^ =IR, = - U, = E - I , ( r + R^) ' r

1 d U2 = E - l 2 ( r + RA)
2 R + r. -CD
U3 = E - l 3 ( r + R^) Rb
d2R
tren c 6 3 an la E, r, RA-
Mat khac: U , ^ = e , = 2 .^.R ^2 _ d îai he ta tim du'dc gia tri cua E va r.
' ' -^.R d, + r, d kR
272 273
doOng hoc sinh gi6i v a t ly 11. tjp 1 - NguySn Phil D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH_Khang Vi^t
9 . 5 6 . Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: E, = E2 = 6V, E,, r, O l + Il-l =0

r, = 1 r2 = 2Q, R , = 5Q, R2 = 4Q. V i l , + I2 = I = > I , = I - l 2 = I - - o I + I 1 = 0 o 1= - A
V o n ke (Rv rat ld(n) chi 7,5V. ,3 3
0 1A
Tinh: , , ^t, ,
va U A C = I R A C = - - 8 = — V ,
a) U A B . A
b) R . + M a t khac: U A C = E2 - I2r2 = 6 - - r , o — =6- -r, r2 = 2 Q .

3 ^ 3 3^
Gia suf chieu dong dien trong mach nhiT hinh ve. Vay:E2 = 6Vvar2 = 2 Q .
- X e t theo vong (a), ta c6: 9.58. Bp nguon g o m ba acquy 12V - 3Q mic song song. M a c h ngoai 1^ mot bong
-I2R2 + U M N - E , + I , r , =0 den 8V.
nil ^ ^ i 2 + 7,5_6 + I, = 0 a) D e n sdng binh thudng. Tinh cong suat den.
o I 1 - 4 I 2 + 1,5 = 0 (1) b) N6'u mot nguon bj dao ciTc thi cong suat den la bao nhieu?
- X e t theo vong (b), ta c6: B a i giai E,r

I—
+E2-l2r2 + I , R i + U N M = 0
0 6 - 2 1 2 + 51,-7,5 = 0 a) Cong suat cua den '

3 :;;(V:J ;>t
0 5 I 1 - 2 I 2 - 1,5 = 0 (2)
Ta c6: Eb = E = 12V; tb = - = I Q .
• TCr ( I ) va (2) siiy ra: I , = I2 = 0,5A.
a) T i n h U A U : Ta c6: UAB = E2 - hiri + R2) = 6 - 0,5.(2 + 4) = 3V. Cirdng dp dong dien qua mach:
b) T i n h R : Ta c6: UAB = I R = ( I i + h)^ = (0,5 + 0,5).R = R o R = 3Q. E. 12
1 =
V a y : UAB = 3 V ; R = 3 Q . RD+1
9 . 5 7 . Cho mach dien nhiT hinh: E, = 8V, r, = I Q , 12R,

H i e u dien the giffa hai dau den; U = I R D =
RA = 0, R A C = R i , RcB = R2, R A B = 15Q.
RD+1
- K h i R , = 12Q, ampe ke chi 0. 12RD

V i den sang binh thiTcfng nen: U = 8V <=> 8 = => R „ = 2Q
Rp+l
- K h i R , = S n , ampe ke chi ^ A .
U^ 8^
T i n h E 2 , r2. .•v,;.;i.p Cong suat cua den: P = = 32W.
B a i giai Rt
- K h i R, = 12Q, ampe ke chi 0 nen khong c6 dong qua nguon E2. V a y : Cong sua't cua d ^ n la P = 32W.
8 ^) Cong suat cua den khi mot nguon bi ddi cifc
=>! = = 0,5A
RAB+I-I 15+1 Ne'u mot nguon bi dao ci/c, mach c6 the ve lai nhif sau: j E,r
I—
va E2 = U A C = I I R A C = 0,5.12 = 6V. Gia sijr dong dien c6 chieu nhiT hinh ve, ta c6:
+ Nhdnhtren: I R D - E + Iiro = 0
- K h i R, = 8Q, ampe ke chi ^ A :
+ Nhanhgiu-a: I R D - E + l2ro = 0 ^ I '
+ X e t theo vong k i n (a), ta c6: + Nhanh dift3i: IRp + E + hô = 0

IRAc + IiRcB + I i r i - E , = 0 21- 12+31, = 0
0 8 I + 7 1 , + 1 , - 8 = 0 0 81 + 8 1 , - 8 = 0 021- 12 + 3l2 = 0 i
N
275
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B6i diBng hpc sinh gidi vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Viet
21+ 12 + 3l3 = 0
B a i giai
Mat khac: I = I , + Ij + I 3 , thay vao he, ta diTcJc: VI dong dien khong qua C nen: E,,r, E2,r2
'51, + 2 I 2 +2I3 = 12 Khi K d vi tri 1 thi: Uc = E, = 8V.
28 , , 28 . , 44 .
21, + +2I3 =12 ^q = CUc = 2 . 8 = 16^lC
R
21, + 2 I 2 +51, = -12 R.
va c\ic am cua C n6l \d\.
, 28 28 44 Khi K d vj tri 2 thi: U^. = Ej = 12V .
9 3
^q' = CU'^ =2.12 = 24^C va ciTc dU'dng cua C noi vdi R.
va: P = I % = ( - ) ^ 2 - 3,56W. i'' Gpi Aq la dien lu'dng chuyen qua R, ta c6:
Vay: Cong sua't cua den khi mot nguon bj ddi ciTc la P = 3,56W. -16 + A q = 24 => Aq = 2 4 + 16 = 40|.iC = 4.10"'*C
9.59. Co n nguon giong nhau (e, r) mac song song. Co mot nguon m^c ngiTOc vdi Vay: Dien lu'dng chuyen qua R la 4.10''^C. E:,ri Ri
cac nguon khac. Tim ciTdng do va hieu dien the cua moi nguon. 9.61. Cho mach dien nhu^hinh ve: Ej = 12V,
E2 = 6V, r, = rj = IQ, R, = 2Q, R2 = 3Q, E2, r2
E,=e v-_
C =5HF. I —
Trong (n - 1) nguon m^c dung, ta c6: Tim dien lu'dng qua E2 khi K dong. R2 K
B a i giai
Xet theo mot vong kin: -e + Ir - Eb + Irb = 0 +
7 1 - Khi K md: Dong dien khong chay du'dc qua tu C nen:
<=> I(r + fb) = e + Eb UAB = El = 12V E„r, R,
2(n-l)e Ma UAB = E2 + Uc => Uc = 12 - 6 = 6V.
<^ I(r + - ^ ) = 2e (Eb = e) o I . "'^ = 2e => I =
n-1' ' n-1 nr Dien tich tren tu: q = CUc = 5.6 = 30|aC . E2, r2
2(n-l)e I —
Suy ra: Dong dien qua nguon mac ngiTdc bang I = Khi K dong, ta c6 d6ng dien qua mach:
nr K
1 =
12 R2
Trong ( n - 1 ) nguon mic dung thi dong dien deu bhng nhau va b^ng: = 2A
R,+ R 2 + r j 2 + 3+1 -{Z>
I _2(n-l)e^2e
=ÛAB = IR2 = 2.3 = 6V. Ei,ri
n-1 nr(n-1) nr — I —
Mat khac: U A B = E J + U ; .
2(n-l)e (n-2)e
Hieu dien the cua moi nguon: UAB = -e + Ir = -e + E2, r2
=> = UAB - E2 = 6 - 6 = 0. — f—
Vay: Ci/dng do va hieu dien the cua moi nguon la: nguon mdc ngift^c ^'en tich tren tu: q' = C U;. = 0 .
R2 K
^^y: Khi dong K, dien liTdng chuyen qua Ej la:
I = , cac ngu6n con lai la I ' = ^ va U = -r-C
nr • nr n ^q = q - q ' = 3 0 - 0 = 30nC = 3.10-^C.
E|, r . E2, r2 Ei,r, E2,r2
9.60. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve: ' ^no mach dien nhu" hinh ve. E, = 6 V ,
1
E, = 8 V , E 2 = 12V,C = 2 n F . ^2 = 3V, r, = i n , r2 = 2Q, R, = 4 ^ , Rj = 1 1'
2
Tim dien liTcJng qua R khi K ^ ' C , = 0 , 6 ^ F , C2 = 0,3^F. Ban dau + 11- B
chuyen dong tir (1) sang (2). — i r - D "
sau do K dong.
R, R2
L-o——CI]—'
276 oil
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi;t
Boi duoiig lioc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguyen P t i j S6ng
(2\io mach dien nhur hinh ve: E| = 2E2 = 3V;

a) Xac djnh chieu va so luTdng electron qua K khi K dong. ,63.
^ 2r2 = 2 Q ; R, = R 3 = 3 Q ; Rj = 6 Q ; C =
b) T i n h UDF k h i K m d va k h i K dong. > J •)•$
0 ^ 5 n F ; R v r a t l d n ; R A = 0.
Bai giai
i - — I .*-—-•«••
a) Xac dinh chieu va so liTdng electron qua K k h i K dong ^,fn so' chi cua von ke, ampe ke" vh. dien
- K h i K m d : [C, n t C j ] : t f c h c u a c a c t u luc:
E,.r, E2, r2
=> qi = q2 => qo = - q i + q2 = 0. gatidaukhi K m d . ^ >,
- K h i K dong, ta c6 dong dien qua mach: 5au khi K dong. , ,^ ,^
6 + 3 Bai giai
1 = = lA
4+2+1+2 Tri^cfng hdp ban dau khi K m d :
R,+ R 2 + r,+
Khi K m d , ta c6 [R, nt R J :
::ÛAD = UAC = E , - I r , = 6 - l . l =5V.
CiTdng do dong dien qua mach la:
UDB = U c B = E 2 - I r 2 = 3-1.2= IV. 3 U:J 'a :•:,)]
3 +
=>q; =U^DCI = 5.0,6 = 3^C E1+E2
Kmd
1 = = 0,5A
va q 2 = U D B C 2 = 1.0,3 = 0,3nC E|, r, _ E2, r2 R j + R j + r j + rj 3 + 3 + 2+1
=^q'D=-ql+q'z = - 3 + 0,3= -2,7HC , So chi cua von ke'bang: .:.V-;i:,
- D i e n liTcJng chuyen qua khoa K khi K dong la: E i - I r , = 3 - 0 , 5 . 2 = 2V. vV ri,,^.,
- Dien tich cua t u : q = C U A M •

Aq = |-2,7 - 0| = 2 , 7 H C = 2,7.10'^C
vdi UAM = UAN = IR3 = 0,5.3 = 1,5V z:> q = 0,5.1,5 = 0 , 7 5 ^ 0 . -J :,
- So electron qua K k h i K dong la:
-6
Vay: K h i K m d , so chi ampe ke la 0,5A; so chi von ke la 1,5V; d i e n tich cua
Aq 2,7.10 13
n = = 1,6875.10 cactu la 0 , 7 5 n C . ••rpir^ ;„ _ • » t < -i
^-19
e 1,6.10"
b) Trirdng hdp sau khi K dong: K h i K dong, ta c6: [ R 3 nt (R, // R 2 ) ] :
V a y : So electron qua K la n = 1,6875.10'^ va c6 chieu tCf C den D.
R,R
r^2 3.6
b) T i n h UDF k h i K m d va khi K dong - Bien trd mach ngoai: R N = R3 + = 5^
3+ 6
Ta c6: U D F = U D A + U A F = - U A D + UAF-
~ CiTcJng do dong dien mach chinh: El, r. E2,r2
- K h i K m d . t a c o [C, n t C z ] :
— I—
_ Cf^ _ 0,6.0,3 3+^
= 0,2^C 2
c.+q 0,6+0,3 = 0,5625A
R ^ + r . + r^ 5 + 2+1 B
va UAB = I ( R I + R2)=1.(4 + 2) = 6 V
cua von ke'bhng: if.;)-
=> q, = q2 = U A B C , 2 = 6.0,2 = 1,2 nC
^ i - I r , = 3 - 0 , 5 6 2 5 . 2 = 1,875V. R3
U A D = U.^ =2V cua ampe ke:

U.
0,6 0.2
Tac6. f l i + l 2 = I = 0.-'5625 ^ | l , + = 0,5625
Ta c6: U A F = I R , = 1.4 = 4 V UDF = - 2 + 4 = 2V.
- K h i K dong, ta c6: UAD = 5V (cau a); UAF = 4V UDF = - 5 + 4 = - I V .
= 0 , 1 8 7 5 A , I , =0,375A so chi ampe k e b a n g I , = 0,375.A
V a y : K h i K m d , U D F = 2 V ; k h i K dong, UDF = - I V .
tich cua tu dien:
^ « Co: Uc = UAB = IRAB = 0,5625.5 = 2,8125V
27«
B6i du3ng hpc sinh gidi Vjtt ly 11. tjp 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng CtyTNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt
^ q = C U r = 0,5.2,8125 « l , 4 n C . o65' mach dien nhu'hinh ve: Ei = 4 V , C

Vay: K h i K dong, so' chi ampe ke' Ih. 0,375A; so' chi von ke' la 1,875V- ' £2 = I V , Ri = lOQ, R2 = 20Q, R3 = 30Q,
tich cua cac tu la l , 4 | i C . •' r, = r2 = 0 , C = l M F . R2 R4
9.64. Cho mach dien nhu'hinh ve: Ei = E2 = 1,5V, Tfnh d i e n lu'dng qua R 4 khi K dong. B A
r, = 0,2Q, r2 = 0,5Q, C, = 0,2(aF, C2 = C 3 = B a i giai
0,3|aF, R = 0,5Q. iChi K m d , mach du'dc ve l a i :
T i m dien tich cac tu khi khoa K chuyen tu" 1 sang 2. + V i dong dien khong qua tu nen: C
-J1+
B a i giai •2
1=
20+10 15
Taco: I = ^ i ^ = 2 , 5 A R4
R + Tj +
=>UDA = I R I = —.10= - V R7 R.
- Ban dau khi K d vi tri 1, ta c6: [C, nt C j ] : 15 3 B
D
+ M a t khac: U A D = E2 + Uc
C^+C^ 0,2 + 0,3

>UC = U A D - E 2 = |-1 = ^ V
va U , = U A B = I R = 2,5.0,5 = 1,25V.
D i e n tich cac tu: qi = q2 = C12U12 => q = CUc = 1 = ^\iC va ban du'dng cua tu noi v d i R 4 .
=^q, = q 2 = 0,12.1,25 = 0,15nC = 0 , 1 5 . 1 0 ' C .
i K dong, gia suf dong dien c6 chieu nhu'hinh ve:
- K h i K chuyen sang vj tri 2:
•f X e t vong (a), ta c6: -I2R2 - E2 + I3R3 = 0
Ta c6: U , . , = U A M = E , - Ir, = 1,5 - 2,5.0,2 = I V .
o -2OI2 - 1 + 3OI3 = 0
=>U^, +U^,^ = 1 V (1)
hay-2OI2 + 3OI3 = 1 (1)
Mat khac, theo dinh luat bao toan dien tich, ta c6: q[ + q'^ = - = - 0,15 + X e t vong (b), ta c6: I i R , + I2R2 - Ei = 0
o-C,U' +C,U' = -0,15 o 101, + 2012-4 = 0

hay 101,+2012 = 4 (2)
o-0,2U' +0,3U' =-0,15 (2)
0.; + T a i n i i t B : l3 + l2 = I i
'^l ^^3
U' + U' =1 U'^^ = 0 , 9 V o I , -12 - 1 3 =0 (3)
T i r ( l ) v a (2):
0,2Ucj - 0 , 3 U ^ ^ = 0 , 1 5 U' =0,1V 1, =
'^3
-2OI2 + 3OI3 = 1
q'l =C^V[. = 0,2.0,9 = 0,18^C = 0,18. lO^^C
+ Tir(l),(2),(3): 10I,+ 20l2 = 4
10
q;, = C3U(.^ = 0,3.0,1 = 0,03nC = 0 , 0 3 . 1 0 " X . 1,-12-13=0
13 =-LA
i 1, , ' 10
va q^ = q 2 =0,15.10-^C. 5
Vay: Sau khi chuyen K tif vi t r i 1 sang 2 thi dien tich cua tu C2 khong doi U k D = I i R . = 5 ' ' 0 = 2V
b^ng 0 , 1 5 . 1 0 ' C ; con dien tich cua C, la q[ = 0,18.10"^C; cua C 3 la 1
va U : , ^ = E 2 + U ^ =U' - E , =2-1 = IV
C ~ ' - ' A D "^2
0,03.10~'^C.
q' = C U ^ = 1.1 = IfiC va ban diTdng cua tu n6'i vdti R 4 .
280 281
i dUBng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tgp 1 - IMguyin Phu D6ng Cty TI\JHH MTV UVVH Khang Vigt
- D i e n li/dng chuyen qua R 4 la: Aq = q - q 1-- = |nC=|.10-^C. r, = i l A

3 I 1 + 0 , 4 1 = 1,5 106 'A .,()
V a y : Khi K dong, dien lu^dng chuyen qua K la Aq = - . 10 ^ C . ^ Tir(5),(6),(7): (A) 4. Thay cac gia tri viTa nhan di/dc vao (4), ta diTdc:
K h i K m d ampe ke chi 0,1A. B
i l . ( R , + 6 ) - l , 5 + 0 , 4 . — = 0 =>R2 = 3 Q .
K h i K dong ampe ke chi 0. 106 53
TinhR2,R5. J, A Vay:R5 = 2 f i ; R 2 = 3 Q .
1 Baigiai 967. Cho mach d i e n n h i f h i n h ve: R, = 2 f i , R A = 0, Rv ra't Idn. 7,. t
- K h i K m5, mach dien du'dc ve lai nhiTsau: Khi K m d , ampe ke' chi 1,5A, von ke' chi 6V.
E,r
+ Xetv6ng(a): I.R, + I 3 R 3 - E + I.r = 0 Khi K dong, chiing chi 3A, 4V.
o I , + 213-1,5 + 0 , 4 1 , = 0 Tinh E, r, R2, R3. R,
<:> 1 , 4 1 , + 213= 1,5 (1) B a i giai
+ X e t vong (b): I5R5 + I5R4 - I3R3 = 0 - K mcl, ta CO mach dien nhiT hinh a: R2
V.
o IsCRj + 6) - 2I3 = 0 Ta c6: (R, nt R2) ^ I , = I2 = I = 1,5A. K
R3
V d i I 5 bhng so chi cua ampe ke'bang 0,1 A.
UMB = I 2 R 2 ^ R 2 = = — =4Q 1 1
=> 0,1R5 + 0 , 6 - 2 1 3 = 0 (2) I 1,5
+ X e t tai nut C, ta c6:15 + I3 = I|
^ 1 , - 1 3 = 15 = 0,1 (3) Ma 1= o 1,5 =
R , + R2+r 2 + 4 + r
[ l , 4 I , + 2l3 = 1,5 f l , =0,5A
=>9+l,5r = E (1) R2
+ Tuf ( 1 ) , (2), (3): • 0,1R5 - 2I3 = - 0,6 =^ I2 = 0,4A
- K dong, ta c6 mach dien nhiT hinh b:
i iî -^3 =0'' [^5 =2Q
Taco: r = r = = 1 = 1A E,r
V a y : R 5 = 2Q. ^^'^ ' 2 R2 4
, ll 1
- K h i K dong, vi ampe ke' chi 0 nen ta c6 mach nhif hinh ben:
=5. i ; , = i ' - i ; = 3 - 1 = 2 A ff' t.
+ X e t vong (a): I2R2 + I2R4 - E + Ir = 0 R,
D
B
Mat khac: U A B = I ; ( R , + R2) = • -(2 + 4) = 6 V
o l 2 ( R 2 + 6 ) - 1 , 5 + 0,41 = 0 (4) M
+ X e t vong (b): I | R i + I i R 3 - E + Ir = 0 [, Hinh a
=Û,3=U^B=6V=^R3 = ^ = ^=3Q
oI,(l + 2 ) - 1,5 + 0,41 = 0 E, r U R4
E,r
I B
o 31,+0,41=1,5 ' (5)
vÛAB = E - I r o 6 = E - 3 r (2)
+ Xet v6ng(c): l 2 R 4 - I | R 3 = 0
'l,5r-E=-9 [ r = 2Q R2
o 6I2 - 21, = 0 T i r ( l ) v a (2):
3r-E= -6 E = 12V
0 1,-312 = 0 (6) M
R, Vay: E = 12V;r = 2 Q ; R 2 = 4 Q ; R 3 = 3 Q .
+ T a i n u t B , t a c 6 : I , + I2 = I (7)
R3
282
Cly TIMHH MTV D W H Khang vig
B6i du8ng hgc sinh gi6i V j t 1 ^ 1 . t^p 1 - Nguygn Phti D6ng
4
9.68. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R| = 4Q, Vi I ' = I B + I2 + (4)
3 3Ry 3R2
R A = 0, Rv rat Idn, hai den giong nhau
va c6 hieu dien the' djnh mufc 6V, R2 la 9 45
1,5= Rj3 = 12Q
bie'n tret. Khi hai den ciing sang, von ke Rp R2
Ttf (3) va (4), ta c6:
"lU chi 4,5V, ampe ke chi 1,5A. Khi t^t bdt 16 16 R2 = 6Q
3Rp -+- 3R2
' mptddn, chungchi ^ V va ^ A . ^
V $ y : E = 1 2 V ; r = 1 Q ; R 2 = 6 Q ; R D = 12Q.
a) Tinh E, r, R2 va R cua den. I,) n m R2 de den sdng binh thu'dng
b) Tim R2 de den sang binh th^dng. f)i den sang binh thu^dng thi hieu dien the giffa 2 dau den phai b^ng hieu
Bai giai (jien the djnh mffc: UAB = 6V.
a) Tinh E, r, R2 va R cua den
- Khi 2 d^n ciing sang, so chi ciia v6n ke bang 4,5V nen UAB = 4,5V. Cifdng dp dong dien tdng cpng qua 2 den: 21^ = 2 . ^ ^ ^ = 2.— = 1A .
Rp 12
- Ta c6: IR, + UAB - E + Ir = 0 o 1,5.4 + 4,5 - E + 1,5r = 0
. Matkhac: IR, + UAB - E + Ir = 0 <=>4I + 6 - 12 + I . l = 0 => 1= 1,2A.
« E - l , 5 r = 10,5 (1)
- CiTdng dp dong dien qua R2 la: I2 = I - 2ID = 1,2 - 1 = 0,2A.
16 4
- Khit^tmotden:UAB= Y V , I = ^ A .
E,r T 0,2
' - E + rr = 0 o - . 4 + — - E + - r = 0
I ' R , + U'AB — h-
3 ?$y: De den sang binh thiTdng thi R2 = 3 0 Q .
„ 4 32 9.6S^ Cho mach dien nhff hinh ve:
o E--r= — (2)
3 3 E = 120V, r = 5Q, R, = 15Q,
J^2
E - l , 5 r = 10,5 = lOQ, R3 = R 4 = 20Q,
E = 12V
- Tir(l)va(2): c 4 32 => C = 0,2^F. Khi khoa K md,
T=\n
3 3 v6n ke V c h i 60V.
- Matkhac: ^) Khi K dong von ke chi bao nhieu? Cffdng dp dong dien qua khoa K la bao nhieu?
+ Khi 2 den sang: cifdng dp dong dien tdng cpng qua 2 den la: tinh dien tich tren tu C khi K md va khi K dong.
4^ Bai giai
I. =
R. R. R, Ta c 6 : K h i K m c ( :
Gia sur R V = oo : mach ngoai gdm [R2 nt R3 nt R 4 nt R i ] :
V I I = I2 + 2 I D = * 1,5= — + ^ (3) =>RN = R 2 + R 3 + R 4 + R |
= > R N = 15+ 10 + 20 + 20 = 65Q.
+ Khi mot den t^t, mot den sang:
120 U
\6
^1 =
Rj^+r 65+5 7
U ' AB
_ 3 _ 16
• Dong dien qua den: IL =
Rr Rp 3Rp ^6'chi cua vonke:
16 ^ A B = I ( R 3 + R 4 ) = y .40 = 68,57V.
• Dong dien qua R2: I 2 = -
Ro 3R.
% t khac, theo de bai: UAB = 60V, tifdo suy ra Rv ciia v6n ke c6 gia tri huTu han.
285
B6i duBng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng" Cty TNHH MTV DVVI
Taco: IR2 + UAB + I R i - E + I r = 0 101 + 6 0 + 1 5 1 - 120 + 51 = 0 ^_70. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: Cac
=>I = 2A dien trd thuan deu c6 gia tri la R,
UAR 60 ^ ngu6nE= 15V,r = R. ,
- Ci/cfng do dong dien qua R34 la: 13 = — ^ = = 1,5A.
A
Zu+zu 1 BietUAB = 3V.
- Cirdng do dong dien qua Rv la: Iv = I - 1 3 = 2 - 1,5 = 0,5A. A Tim so chi cua von ke" V.
. Bai giiii M
- Dientrdcua v o n k e l a : Rv = — = = 120n. , Xet theo mot vong kin, ta c6:
ly U,J
IR + UAB + IR - E + Ir = 0 -CD-
a) So" chi cua von ke' va dong dien qua khoa K: Khi K dong, ta c6 the bo qua
Vi r = R=>3IR + 3 - 1 5 = 0
khi do mach diTcfc ve lai nhiT sau: E,r
1=1 7...
X
- Dientrclmachngoai: Rj^ = R , + R
Ry+Rj+R^
=>R,.,5+i^^:^?^=45Q
[at khac: L = ^
^ R
=
R
- (2) •
I
120 + 2 0 + 2 0
M
- Cu'cJng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: R R R .
E , 120 hfk IR + I,R + UMN + IiR + IR - E + Ir = 0 (vdi r = R)
1= =>I = = 2,4A
45+5 3IR + 2I,R + UMN - E = 0 ti.fi,! , { J ) 01:
Vay: CiTdng dp dong dien qua khoa K bhng 2,4A.
[ O 3 . 4 + 2 . - . R + U M N - 1 5 = 0 ^ U M N = IV.
- So" chi cua von ke": E,r
Ta c6: UAB + IRi - E + Ir = 0 /ay:S6"chicuav6nkela IV.
o UAB + 2,4.15 - 120 + 2,4.5 = 0 =^ UAB = 72V. 9.71. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve: E = 6V, '
Vay: Von ke" chi 72V. r = 3,2Q, Ri = Sn, R2 = Rj = 4Q, UDC = 0,6V.
b) Dien tich tren tu C khi K md va khi K dong rimR4. R,
Ta c6: Hieu dien the" giffa hai dau tu C: Uc = UDB = U ^ Bai giai
- Xet theo mot vong kin, ta c6:1,(Ri + R 3 ) - E + Ir = 0 R2
D
R4
- Khi K md: UAB = I4R4 = I3R4 = 1,5.20 = 30V.
0 1 2 1 , - 6 + 3,21 = 0 (1)
Dien tich cua tu: q = CUDB = 0,2.30 = 6îC . 4 ' '
~ Mat khac: UDC = UDA + UAC = - UAD + UAC
- Khi K dong: '-i
O U D C = -I2R2 + IiRi = 0,6 = - 4 I 2 + 81, E,r
+ Cu'cfng dp dong dien qua R34 la: "IM"^
vai l2 = I - I , 3>0,6 = - 4 . ( I - I , ) + 8I| — I—
r -r - -^-22=Y8A. 0 0 , 6 =-41+121, (2)

R3+R4 40
' l = 0,75A
^ TLr(l)va(2):-
i : ^ U ; , = I ; R 4 = 1,8.20 = 36V R>
41-121, = - 0 , 6 ^ I , =0,3A A
+ Dien tich cua tu: q' = CU'^^^ = 0,2.36 = 7,2^C. '' r
=> I2 = 0,75 - 0,3 = 0,45A. R,
D R4
Vay: Dien tich cua tu C khi K md la 6 ^C ; khi K dong la 72 îC . Mat khac: UDC = UDB + UBC = UDB - UCB = I1R4 - I1R3
0 0 , 6 = 0,45R4 - 0,3.4 R4 = 4Q.
ma Vay:R4 = 4 n .
286
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
9.72. C h o mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 2 4 V , E, r = > E = 4 I , + 3I (2)
r = 1,6Q, R| = 4 a R2 = 16ri, R3 = 8Q. M a t khac: Uc D = UCA + UAD = - I , R , + I2R2 = - I , + 3I2
B i e t dong dien qua day C D chay tit =i> 1,2 = - I , + 3I2 (3)
C den D va c6 cUdng do 0,5A. T h a y ( l ) v a o ( 3 ) : 1,2 = - I , + 31, = 21,
TimR4. R, R3
I =^ I , = 0,6A; I2 = 0,6A; I = I , + I2 = 1,2A.
r
Baigiai ^ h-J Tir (2) suy ra: E = 4.0,6 + 3.1,2 = 6V.
D
R2
- X e t theo mot vong k i n , ta c6: R4
i K dong:
I , R i + I3R3 - E + I r = 0 u^^, = - i ; R , + i 2 R 2 = - i ; + 3 r ,
o I i R , + ( I i - 0 , 5 ) R 3 - E + Ir = 0 E,r
<^0,75=-i;+3i^ IK;
0 4 I , + ( I , - 0,5).8 - 24 + 1,61 = 0
vi i ; = i 2 o 0,75= - i ; + 3 i ; =21;
o 1,61 + 1 2 1 , = 2 8 (1)
- M a t khac: I = I , + I2 1^ _^ 0 7 5 ^ Q 375^. J, ^ o,375A .
R, R3
M a I,R,, = I2IS.2 o
- I2R2 W ^ It iil = I6I2 I2 = - I i
+ X e t theo mot vong k i n , ta c6: I ; R , + l2R3+rR5 - E + I ' r = 0 '
4 D
R2 R4
1 , 5, « 0,375.1 + 0,375.3 + 2 , 5 r - 6 + 0,51' = 0 ^ l ' = 1,5A oi^ / ( l :
=>I = Ii + - I , = - I (2)
1-4^1
• 4 + CiTdng do dong dien qua Rc l a : k.•
- Thay (2) v a o ( l ) , t a d i r c f c : 1 , 6 . - I i + 121, = 28 => I , = 2A. I3 = I ' - 1 2 ) = 1,5-(0,375 + 0,375) = 0 , 7 5 A . ' r ^ . . .

4
I^(R2+R4) 0,375.(3 + 1)
+ M a t khac: I^Rg = I 2 ( R 2 + R 4 ) =>R6 = = 20.
v a l 2 = - . 2 - 0 , 5 A ; 13 = 1 , - 0 , 5 = 2 - 0 , 5 = 1,5A; I4 = I2 + 0,5 = 0,5 + 0,5 = lA, 0,75
4 I.
I Vay: E = 6V;R6 = 2 Q .
Ta c6 : I3R3 — I4R4 => R4 - \ - —;— -
I4 1 ^•m Cho mach dien nhiT hinh v e : D , , D2
*Vay:R4= 12Q. E,r CO cung hieu dien the dinh miJc, den D ,
R5
9.73. Cho mach dien nhif hinh ve, trong 1 1 1 CO cong suat djnh miJc P, = 60W.
do r = 0,5Q, Rv rat Idn, R, = R4 = I Q ,

1 1 ~ A h i K , , K2 m d von ke chi 120V.
R| C R3
~mmi K , dong, K j m d von ke chi 1 lOV.
R2 = R3 = 3 Q , R5 = 2,5Q. r^ i T —1
1—I
1
J
~ * h i K|, K2 deu dong, von ke chi 90V.
- K h i K m d v o n k e c h i 1,2V.
(V)
A 1 1*—
Biet Rv rat Idn.
- K h i K dong von k e c h i 0,75V. R4
t Tim cong suat dinh muTc cua den D2.
Tinh E va R(,. 1 1 r
1
B a i giai
B a i giai J
" Rv rat Idfn nen khi K , , K2 m d thi khong c6 dong dien qua mach:
* Nhan x6t: Ta c6: R, + R3 = R2 + R 4 = 4 Q
P>E = U A B = 1 2 0 V
=>I|=l2 (1)
^ Khi K| dong, K2 m d , ta c6: .> *
M a t khac: R2 > R, =:> V Q < Vc nen so chi cua von ke b^ng UCD-
ÂB - E + Ir = 0 « 110 - 120 + Ir = 0
- K h i K met:
Îr=10 (1)
+ X e t t h e o m o t v o n g k i n , t a c d : I j R , + I1R3 + IR5 - E + I r = 0
o I , + 31, + 2,51 - E + 0,51 = 0 o 41, + 31 - E = 0
288 289
Boi dijgng hoc sinh gidfvjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Nguygn PhO D6ng^ Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t
'^Tac6:UAN + L r N u - E + Ir = 0 ; R3
- Matkhac: I = - (2)
R, R, i. " ^ I 2 R 2 + I 4 R 4 - E + Ir = 0
^ R 2 + l4.6- I I +4.0,5=0
- Thay(2) vao(l)^ (3): <:S>R2 + 6l4 = 9 V d i I4 = l2 + l5 ;
<j:>R2 + 6.(l2 + !,,) = 9 R4

- Khi K i , K2 deu dong: - E + I'r = 0 (I la dong dien qua mach chinh)
^ R 2 + 6.(l+I,) = 9 N
, o 9 0 - 1 2 0 + r r = 0 => I r = 30 (4) oR2 + 6h = 3 (1)
- Mat khac: n ,•. \j j • ^. „ ^ Mat khac: U^M + UMN + UNA = 0 E, r
<::>I,R| + I5R5 - I2R2 = 0 o 3.1 + I,.3 - 1 .R2 = 0
R, R, Ri R2 _ C:>R2-3l5 = 3 (2) :j
Thay (5) vao (4): R2+6I5 =3 R2 =3Q

^ Tir(l)va(2):
'90 90^ R2-315=3 15=0 ,
.r = 30. ^ . ^ = 1 (6)
Ri R2
Vi I5 = 0, do do ta CO mach cau can bang:
R, R. R, 1
- Thay (3) vao (6): — + — = 1 o — = — = > - i = ^ = ^ R , = —!-.R,=-.6 = 2n :
11 Rj R2 11 R, R. R ^ -
2 '^4 '^2 'J
R 2 _ 33 Way: R2 = 3Q; R 3 = 2Q.
(7)
9.76. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve:
R E = 6V, r = 1Q, R, = 2Q, R2 = 5Q,
- Tir(3)va(7): 1 = ^ (8)
R. 3 R3 = 2,4Q, R4 = 4,5a R5 = 3Q. „ *?
Tim ci/5ng dp dong dien qua
- Gpi U la hieu dien the dinh miJc cua 2 den thi: R, = — ; R- = mach chinh.
1 D ' 2
Bai giai
(9)
R. P, •âch 1: Chung ta chuyen mach tam giac A M N thanh mach sao:
Ta c6: - • •• •, r
- Tir(8) va (9): - = ^=:>P2 = - P , = - . 6 0 = 160W. . R,R2 2.5
3 3 3
R,+ R2+ R, 2+5+3
Vay: Cong sua't dinh miJc cua den D2 la 160W.
R, 3.2
9.75. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 11V,
r = 0,5Q, R, = IQ, R4 = 6Q, R5 = 3Q.
1 1 R , + R,+ R2 3+2+5
Cu'dng dp mach chinh I = 4A, cu'cJng dp R2R5 5.3
R5
dong dien qua Ri la Ii = 3A. ^ R2 R4 R2+R5+R, 5 +3+2
Tinh R2, R3. 1—1
"•hi do mach ngoai gom:
Bai giai nt [ ( R ^ n t R j ) // ( R ; n t R j '
\
Gia sijf dong dien c6 chieu nhU' hinh ve, ta c6:

E,r + Dien trd mach ngoai: rj
1 = 1,+ I2=>I2 = I - I , = 4 - 3 = lA
290 29 l i
B6i diiSng hgc sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vjgt
^ (R^.R3)(R;.R,) ^ ( 0 . 6 . 2,4).( 1,5.4,5) ^ 3 ^ f a i M : 11 = I , + 15 = 13 + 0,2 (1)

^ Rj+R^+Rj+R^ 0,6 + 2,4+1,5 + 4,5 TaiN: I , = I4 - U = I4 - 0,2 (2)
j(et theo cac vong kin:
+ Ci/cing do dong dien mach chinh: I = = 1,5A ^ Vong a: U A M + U M N + UNA = 0
3+1
o l , K i + lsRs--l:R2 = 0
Cach 2: Chon chieu dong dien nhU'hinh ve:
R, R3
0 2 0 1 . +0,2Rs-60l2 = 0 (3)
- T a i M : I , = I,, + l 5 (1) M I3
3 + Vong b: 1 \ , H + U | , N + UNM = 0
-
-
Tai N: I2 = I 4 - I5
Xet theo mot vong kin, ta c6:

+ Vong a: U A M + U M N + UNA = 0
(2)
10 R4
<^ h R .
o 201,
- l,R4-l5R5 = 0
201, -~ O.2R5 = 0 (4)

Vong c: U \ + U ^ H - E + Ir = 0
o I , R | + IjRs - I2R2 = 0
N o I2R2 + 1 , R 4 - l i + ( I 3 + l4).r = 0
c>21, + 3 l 5 - 5 l 2 = 0
c
(3)
o 6OI2 + 2014-38,8 + ( I 3 + l4).2 = 0
+ Vong b: U M B + U B N + U N M = 0
0 601: + 221,+ 21, = 38,8 (5)
<=> I3R3 - I4R4 - IjRs = 0 _ Thay (1) va (2) vao (3) va (5), ta dUdc:
<^ 2,4l3 - 4,5l4 - 3I5 = 0 (4) E,r (3) => 20(l3 + 0,2) + 0,2R5 - 60(l4 - 0,2) = 0
+ Vong c: UAB - E + I r = U A N + UNB - E + Ir = 0
o 2 0 l 3 - 6 0 l 4 + 0.2R5 = -16 (6)
o I2R2 + I4R4 - E + ( I , + l2)r = 0 ( V I I = I i + I:)
(S) => 60(1, - 0,2) + 22I4 + 2I3 = 38,8
<=>5l2 + 4 , 5 l 4 - 6 + ( I , + I2).I = 0
c:> 21,+ 8214 = 50,8 (7)
o 6 l 2 + 4,5l4 + I , = 6 (5)
2OI3 - 2 0 l 4 - 0 , 2 R 5 = 0 13 =0,8A
- T h a y ( l ) , ( 2 ) v a o ( 3 ) v a ( 5 ) , tadu-dc:
- Tu'(4), (6), (7): j 201, -601^+0,2R5 = - 1 6 ^ ^ 14 =0,6A
(3) 2.(13 + 15) + 3 1 , - 5 ( l 4 - l 5 ) = 0
02I3-5I4+1015 =0 (6) 2I,+ 82l4 =50,8 R, = 20Q
(5) 6{U - 1 5 ) + 4,5l4 + (I3 + I5) = 6 V a y : R 5 = 20Q.

0I3+10,514-515 =6 (7) !^.78. Cho mach dicMi nhU hinh ve: r = lOQ,
'2,413 -4,514-315 = 0 13 = lA Ri = 300Q, R2 = 190Q. Khi K md, von
- TLr(4),(6),(7): 2 I 3 - 5 I 4 + IOI5 = 0 14 = 0,5A ke chi 90V; khi K dong von ke chi 60V. A
I 3 + 10,51^ -5I5 =6 15 = 0,05A Tinh:

a) E.
- CUdng do dong dien qua mach chinh: 1 = I3 +14 = 1 + 0,5 = 1,5A.
Hieu dien the giffa hai cUc nguon dien
Vay: CUdng do mach chinh la 1,5A.
khi K md va khi K dong.
9.77. Cho mach dien nhi/ hinh ve.
' liai giiii
Biet E = 38,8V, r = 2Q, R, = R 3 =
Tinh E
R4 = 20Q, R2 = 60Q, cu-dng do
Cioi Rv la dien trd ciia von ke,
dong dien qua R5 la 0,2A. /
khi do mach dUdc ve lai nhUsau:
Tim R5.
Taco: UAH = E - I(R2 + r) (1)
Bai giai
IJ AH 90
Gia suf cac dong dien c6 chieu nhuhinh ve, ta c6: Khi K mcf, ta c6: 1 = 1.,
R, R„
292 293
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
B6i duang hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tjp 1 - Mguygn Phu D6n9
90 ^ , ^ s o c h i c u a v o n k e V2.
- Thay vaoCOtadu-dc: 90 = E .(190+ 10)
Coi Rv la dien trd cua cac von ke'. r J U . » .
18000
o90 = E- (2) c6:UAB = E-lr
E - U , , 150-110 , 150 . ' - - . 1 1 —
1= K
- K h i K dong, ta co: I ' = I > I , = Hk.H- = = • R
-^R
R. R R„ 300 R, 15
a M k h a c : U A u = liRv
- Thay v a o ( l ) , tadirdc: 60 = £ - ( — + - ) . ( 1 9 0 + 1 0 )
I'v
(2)
^ 12000 • 0 RV
<=>60 = E 40
U AB
12000
(yi^.u A va I , =
R(2R+Rv)
o 100 = E - (3) 2R+ «, I2
RV K R + 2R + Rv
7'
110.(3R + R v )
18000
90 = E -
E = 120V 6R^+ 2RRv+R(2R + Rv)
TO (2) va (3):
12000 Ry = 600n ^ _ iio.(3R+Rv) , i ,11- ' ~!Mt^,M),lr
100 = E -
R, 8R'+3RR,
Vay: Sua't dien dong ciia nguon la E = 120V. IP' 110 110.(3R + R v ) _ 150 '05; a .
b) H i e u dien the' giiJa hai ciTc nguon dien khi K m d va khi K dong.i - Taco: I , +I2 = I <^ +
Rv 8R^+3RR R
90 90 i l l
- KhiKmd,tircaua,tac6: I = Iv = — = =0,15A^ o 880R2+ 3 3 0 R R v + 330RRv + l l O R ; = i 2 0 0 R R v + 4 5 0 R i '1^1^. ' :^

^ Rv 600
o 340Ri+540RRv-880R^ = 0 o 17R^v+27RRv " 4 4 = 0
- H i e u dien the'giiJa hai ci/c ngu6n dien la:
U„,c = E - I r = 1 2 0 - 0 , 1 5 . 1 0 = 118,5V -27R + 61R „ (4)
K h i K dong, ta c6: I ' = — + - = = 0,3A

Rw 5 600 5 110.(3R + R) ^ 440 _ 40
Thay (4) vao (3), ta diTdc: I2 =
- H i e u dien the giiJa hai cifc nguon dien la: 8R2+3R.R "R R
UAc = E-rr= 1 2 0 - 0 , 3 . 1 0 = 117V. 40 , M

fl.+ l . = L 13+14 =
13+14=12.
V a y : K h i K m d , hieu dien the giiJa hai cifc nguon dien la 118,5V; khi K dong- Matkhac: R
I3.R=I4.3R
hieu dien the giffa hai ciTc nguon dien la 117V. I3 = 31,
9.79. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: I / 40
Cac dien trd thuan dcu c6 gia tri ., o3I,-.I, = -=^l4 = ^
B 10
la R, nguon E = 150V, r = — R, E,r' /ay: So chi cua von ke V2 bhng ^ R v = = •
15 D
cdc von ke c6 ciing dien trd. B i e t

v o n k e V , Chi l l O V . 295
294
Ml duSng hpc sinh gi6i Vjl ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
9.80. Cho mach dien nhiT Wnh ve, hieu

Vdi I = - A, thay vao he ( 4 ) , ta diTdc:
dien the' U A B ' u o n diTdng, dong dien E, r d) 4
mach chinh c6 chieu tijf A den B, ^ 1
1 I = - —A
R, = 15Q, R2 = 4 0 Q , E = 2 0 V , 6 ^ U A B = I2R2=-?-.40=^V
r = 5 Q . Circ cua E noi v d i B cd the
1^ cifc dU'dng hoac a m .
L 3 = -' ^ 12
T i n h U A B , chieu va ci/dng do cua I i , I2 neu: Dong I : CO chieu n g i T d c vdi chieu da chon,d6ng h cung chieu vdi chieu da
a) I = 2 A . chpn. -J
b)I= lA. c)I= -A. d ) I = - A. E|,ri
2 4 ^81. Cho mach dien nhU" hinh ve: E | = 1 , 5 V ,
B a i giai E2 = 2 V , Rv ra't Idn, von ke chi 1 , 7 V . 1
Gia suT cdc dong dien cd chieu nhU' hinh ve. Hoi khi dao ci/c nguon E i , von ke chi bao
' Ta cd: I , + I2 = I (1) nhieu?cd can dao l a i cifc von ke'khong?
I—
U A B = I2R2 (2) \ B a i giai E2, h
U A B = I i R i + E + I,r (3) .I2 _ Ban dau (khi chu'a dao ciTc nguon E i ) , ta cd:
Tir(l),(2),(3): R, U„A = E,+Ir, (I) :
fl,+ I , = I , I,+ l 2 = I va U B A = E2 - Ir2 (2)
<=>
I2R2 = I , ( R , + r) + E (R, + r)I, -R2I2 = - E (I5 + 5)Ii-40l2
o E i + I r i = E 2 - I r 2 = > 1= ^~ '
lL-î2=J I,+ l 2 = I
(4)
2 0 1 , -4OI2 = - 2 0 I,-2l2 = - l E2, rj
Tir ( 2 ) suy ra: U B A = E2 - ]
a) V d i I = 2 A , lhay vao he ( 4 ) , ta diTdc:
I, = l A (3)
UAB = I2R2= 1.40 = 4 0 V .
1,-21, = - 1 |l2 = 'A
dao ciTc nguon E i , ta c d :
Chieu ciia I| va I2 nhif da chpn ban dau.
b) V d i I = 1 A, thay vao he ( 4 ) , la diTdc: ^ ' " " ^ ^ ^ U ' - E -I'r - E
r,+ r2
E2, r2
I,+ l2 = I 80,
• '2 =_ 0 , 6 = > U ' 3 ^ = 2 - ( 2 + 1,5).0,6= - 0 , 1 V
IÛAB = I2R:= - . 4 0= — V Ma
[l,-2l2 = - l
Vay: So chi cua von ke bang 0 , 1 V va ta can phai dao ciTc cua von kg'.
Chieu cua I , va I2 nhu'da chon ban dau. ^•82. Cho mach dien nhir hinh ve: cac
El, Ti E2, r2
Von ke' cd dien trd ra't Idn.
c) V d i I = ^ A , thay vao he ( 4 ) , ta diTdc:
^ K h i K m d , von ke V , chi 1,8V, V2 chi 1,4V. ;
I, = 0 " K h i K ddng v o n ke V , chi 1,4V, V j chi 0 , 6 V .
1
I = > UAB = I2R2 = - . 4 0 = 2 0 V Hoi neu dao ciTc cua nguon E2 thi cac von
I,-2l2 = - I ^ e ' se chi bao nhieu khi K ddng? K h i nay cd
Dong Ii bj triet l i e u , dong I2 cd chieu nhu'da chon. Hi^lndaocirc v o n k e ' n a o k h o n g ? ^ K R
296 291
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khanq Vi§t
Bai giai I, R.
=>3l2 = 6 I , = i > I i = y
- V i v o n k e c 6 d i e n t r d ra't I d n n e n k h i K m d t h i k h o n g c 6 d o n g d i e n q u a m a c h '
^ E , = U | = i , 8 V ; E2 = U 2 = 1 , 4 V ..., ^ ;v , ., y • . I 6+E2 > • E|,r| E l , r2
C
M a : I i + l2 = l ^ I | = - = A B
- K h i K d o n g va chu'a d a o ciTc: ' 15
E l , r, Ej,
E,+E, E ,1-^^-2
+ E B 21. 2.(6+E2)
J. A
Tac6:I=—! ^ U , = E, - Ir, = E,-
r
R+r, +r2 ' R+rj+r/' =>I2 = R,
3 15
D
_ E,-U, _ 1,8-1,4 (V, va Uc-D = U c B + U i i D
= 0,125 6 + E-, 6 + E, ^
R + r , + r2 E , + E2 1,8 + 1 , 4 = E 2 - I r 2 - I , R 3 = E2 ^.1 ^-3 •
5 15
E, + E . K
va U2 = E2 - hi = E2 - R ^ I 2 + 2E2 _3E2-12
R + r , + r2 => U c u -
5 5
h E2-U2 _ 1.4-0,6 _ Meu d i e n t h e d C c a o h d n d D t h i U C D = ' , 5 V , c o n n e u d i e n t h e d D c a o h d n d
= 0,25 E|, r, E2, r.
R + r, + E , + E2 1,8+1,4 C t h i U c D = - l , 5 V , thay v a o ( 2 ) , tadu'ctc2tru'dnghdp: ,
- K h i K d o n g va d a o cifc n g u o n E2:
1,5 = E2 = 6 , 5 V
E.-E,
Taco: I' ' _= 1
R + r, + r2 E2 = 1,5 V
UAB=E,-I'r,=E,-(E,-E2).
I R
R + r, + r2 + V d i E2 = 1 , 5 V , t h a y v a o ( 1 ) , ta diTdc: 1 = = 1,5A
= ^ U A B = 1 , 8 - ( 1 , 8 - 1,4).0,125 = 1,75V
Cong sua't c d a m S i ngu6n: P, = E , I = 6 . 1 , 5 = 9 W ; P2 = E2I = 1 , 5 . 1 , 5 = 2 , 2 5 W .
vaUBc = - E 2 - r r 2 = -E2-(E,-E2). H i e u suaft c u a m o i n g u o n : , , - -

R + r, + T2
UBC = - 1 , 4 - ( 1 , 8 - 1,4).0,25 = - 1 , 5 V . E, 6 b, 1,3

V a y : So c h i c i i a V , la 1 , 7 5 V ; c u a V2 l a 1 , 5 V va p h a i d a o cifc V2.
6 + 6,5
9.83. C h o m a c h d i e n nhir h i n h ve: E, = 6 V , ^ + V d i E2 = 6 , 5 V , t h a y v a o ( 1 ) , ta diTdc: I = — = 2,5A
r, = 2 Q , r2 = I Q , R, = R j = R3 = 3Q, von
' Cong suat c i i a m o i n g u o n : P, = E , I = 6.2,5 = 1 5 W ; P2 = E2I = 6,5.2,5 = 16,25W.
El, ri E2, rj
ke V (Rv r a t Idn) chi 1,5V. , . / C
A H i e u sua't c u a m o i n g u o n :
T i n h E2, c o n g s u a t v a h i e u s u a t m o i n g u o n .
. B a i giai H,= l-^^' ^ = 16,67% ; H 2 = 1 - ^ = 1 - — = 6 1 , 5 4 % .

E, 6 ' •- 6 5
R, R
- V i v o n k e c 6 d i e n tret r a t I d n n e n k h o n g c 6
D ''•H Cho m a c h d i e n nhiThinh ve: * , .,1
dong dien qua von k e . E,,r,
E, = 9 V , r, = l a R i = 2 Q , R2 = 6 Q ,
- D i e n tra mach ngoai: R , = M^lhl = l ^ l l ^ ) ^ 2a K = 0. " '
— f-
R 2 + R , + R3 3 + 3 + 3
Khi K m d , a m p e ke chi 0 .
_E2,
I - ^1+^2 _ 6 + E2 _ 6 + E2 ^ Khi K dong, ampe ke chi 8 , 4 A . ^2 Ri
(1) r2
R N + r , + r2 2 + 2 + 1 ~ 5
T i m E 2 , r2. ,..,..„ .,
Ta cd:l2R2 = Ii(Ri +R3)
299
298
B6i diiSng hqc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11, t$p 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng
}Chi E : song song vdi E i (hinh c), ta c6:

- K h i K m d , la CO the ve lai mach nhirsau: ( LJAB = E | - I , r i (3)
1,
+ V i ampe ke'chi 0 nen khong CO dong qua nguon E i : UAB = E 2 - l 2 r 2 . (4)
E„r,
E, UAB = I R (5)
=> I = = lA
R,+R2+r, 2+6+1 1 +12 = 1 = 1 (6) • ^ , ^ ^
' => = r I R 2 = 1.6 = 6 V + Thay(5) vao(3):IR = E , - I | r , . ' R
B => l . R = 1 5 - l , r , (7) Hinhc

+ M a t khac: UAH = E , E . = 6V.
+ Thay (1) vao ( 7 ) : 1 5 - r i 1 5 - I , r , = > r i = l , r i =::>I, = l A . ,,. -
- K h i K dong, ta c6 the ve lai mach nhu* sau:
+ T i f (6) suy ra: 1 + I2 = 1 =^ I2 = 0. , • 1, iîii. :
+ T a c 6 : U A c = E | - I r , <:^0 = E , - I r ,
+ Ket hdp (4) va (5): 1 .R = E . => R = E2 = l O Q . nnui<::.i
E|. r.
+ TCr (1) suy ra: r, = 1 5 - 10 = 5a . ; -
V a y : R = lOQ; r, = 5Q; r2 = lOQ.
I2 = I - IA = 9 - 8,4 = 0,6A.
9.86. M o t so nguon d i e n nhU' nhau ( m o i nguon c6 suat dien dong e, dien trd
=:> UAB = I2R2 = 0,6.6 = 3,6V.
trong r) m^c noi tie'p lhanh mach k i n , dien trd cac day noi khong dang ke.
+ V i A va C CO the chap lai vdi nhau nen: r-.
a) Tinh hieu dien the'giffa hai d i e m ba't k i trong mach. .
•i D) Hoi nhu" tren nhifng e cac nguon khac nhau con r moi nguon ti le thuan vdi e
UcB = UAB = 3,6V :=>! = ^ = ^ = 18A
,,„.,, , ' R, 2 cua nguon do. ni
+ CiTcJng do dong dien qua nguon E2 la: I ' = I , + 1. = 1,8 + 0,6 = 2,4A. c) Hoi nhu" cau a nhUng so nguon la chftn va hai nguon d canh nhau c6 cac ciTc
cung ten noi vdi nhau.
+ Ta l a i c6: U A B = - l'r2 =>r, =
Co n hp nguon khac nhau mac song song.
I' 2,4
Hay chiJng minh bo nguon nay lu^dng du'dng vdi mot nguon (E,r) c6:
Vay: E2 = 6 V , r 2 = I f i .
E E, E, E.. 1 1 1
9.85. D i e n trd R mic vao nguon ( E | = 15V, r,) se c6 dong dien l A di qua. Diiny
-+....+- va - = — + — +....+ —
them nguon (E2 = lOV, r2) mac song song hoac no'i tie'p vdi nguon trift'c ' r r.
ciTcf.ng do dong dien qua R khong d o i . Tim R, r i , r2. B a i giai

Bui |>iai a) H i e u dien the giiJa hai diem bat k i trong mach (\) 'C
El, r.
- K h i chi CO nguon E | (hinh a): - Gia su" CO n nguon mac noi tie'p tao thanh mach k i n nhiT hinh ve:
E,^1 15 - Ta tim liieu d i e n the giiJa hai d i e m A , B bat k l : v.^^^.^

Ta c6: I _= o 1=
R+r, R + r, „ Eu ne e ^
Ta cd: Eb = ne; rb = nr => I = — - —
R r
R + r, = I 5 Q nr
(I)
Hinh a
Gia siV trong doan A B c 6 ^ nguon no'i tie'p:
- K h i E2 no'i tie'p vdi E | (hinh b), ta c6: I =
R + r,+ E , r, E,, r: UAB = me - I(inr) =:> UAB = me - - .(mr) = me - me = 0
I
+ V i cadng do dong dien qua R khong ddi nen:
R
+ Thay (1) v ^ o (2), ta du-dc: 15 + r2 = 25 => r. = lOQ. Hinh b
300
B6i_dL0ng hpc sinh_gi6i Vat ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyen Phu Dong Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
T a c 6 : E b = e , + e2 + + e„; R h = ri + r2 + + r„ ^ p d u n g c o n g thiJc: A '

_ E , _ e|+e,+...+e„ kr, + k r , + . . . . + k r
I = E , _E ,
-J 2 n. EH = ( -
r,+r2+...+r„
I =>UAB = (ei + e 2 + . . . . + e , „ ) - I ( r i + r : + + r,,,) V2

1 = 1 . . ' -=> ""b =
UAB = (ei + e 2 + . . . . + e , „ ) - k ( r i + r 2 + + r,„)
UAB = e i + e 2 + ....+ e , „ - e i - e 2 - . . . . - e , „ = 0 ,E, E ,
V a y : T r i / d n g h d p suat d i e n d o n g c a c n g u o n k h a c n h a u t h l U A B = 0. -- •-.-•I— r
Ta c 6 : U ^ g = ^ ^ = -.R =
c ) T r U d n g h d p so' n g u o n l a c h i n v a h a i n g u o n d c a n h n h a u c 6 c a c ciTc c i i n g ten R+n R+n
no'i v d i n h a u
- C a c n g u o n c 6 c i l n g s u a t d i e n d o n g n c n k h i h a i n g u o n g a n n h a u c 6 cac cuc .R
(E,r2+E,r,).R
c u n g t e n no'i v d i n h a u t h i suat d i e n d o n g c u a b o h a i n g u o n d o se t r i e t t i e u . 2'1-
Rr,+ Rr2+ FITJ
- V I so' n g u o n l a c h a n n e n s u a t d i e n d o n g c u a b o n g u o n se b h n g 0 => I = 0. R + ^ f--
D o d o , h i e u d i e n the' giiJa h a i d i e m m a so n g u o n giiJa h a i d i e m d o la c h a n thi
se b a n g 0 , c o n n e u so n g u o n giCfa h a i d i e m d o l a l e t h i se b a n g sua't dien - E2 l a m a y p h a t k h i d o n g I2 > 0 ( c u n g c h i e u d a c h o n ) :
d o n g c u a m o t n g u o n e. Taco: U A B = E2 - I2r2 *" c
E l , r.
- Tru'dng h d p n n g u o n khac nhau mSc song song: , =Î2>0<Ê2-UAB>0=Ê2>UAB. H?)nftr '1
1 1
+ Vdihinha:I = Ii+I2 + + I„ - E2 l a m a y t h u k h i I2 < 0 (ngUdc c h i e u d a c h p n ) : E2 E2 = U A B -
'1 Vay: U , „ = ( E ^ T J J K E J I ^ X R _ ^^^^ ^
E7 E „ 1 1 1 Rr,+ Rr2+r,r2
1
— + + - ^ ) - U A B ( - + - + . . . . + - ) ( 1 )
thu t h l E2 < U A B ; d e E2 k h o n g p h a t , k h o n g t h u t h i E2 = U A B - ,(,„£.,,: 1
Hinh a
9.88. C h o m a c h d i e n nhu" h i n h v e . T a t ci c a c d i e n trd c u a m a c h n g o d i d e u g i o n g
E - U . A „B _
E U
A B
+ V d i hinh b: I = (2)1 n h a u v a b a n g R Q = 2 Q , b o n g u o n g o m n p i n m ^ c n o i tie'p, m o i p i n c 6 suat
r
d i e n d o n g e v a d i e n t r d t r o n g r = I Q . B o q u a d i e n tret c a c d a y n o i .
E, E , 1 1
+ Tir(l)va(2): - - ^ -= r ( —
^ + — + . . . . + — ) - U , „ ( - + - + . . . . + - ) 5 ) T i n h d i e n t r d ti/dng diTdng cQa m a c h
n g o a i v a ciTdng d o d o ' " " - c 1

+ D o n g nha't h a i v e , ta du'dc: E,r n g u o n , bi *'t r h n g ci/r' j u n g dien
+ D
E E . E , E „ A •- f- qua n h a n h D^" b u i . ^ .-,5A.
^) N e u n p i n i n ^ c s o n g s o n g v d i n h a u
Hinhb
1 1 1 1 thl cirdng d o d o n g d i e n qua nhanh
- =— + — + . , .+ — B
D B b K n g 0 , 3 A . T i m so p i n n v a sua't
9 . 8 7 . C h o m a c h d i e n nhiT h i n h v e . T i m dien dong e cua m c ipin. j .
b i e u thtfc t i n h U A B - K h i n a o E2 l a : ^) M a c l a i b p n g j o ^ h a n h ha^ r h d n l i , m o t n h a n h g o m m o t p i n , n h a n h thtJf h a i

E , , r , ^ g o m c a c p i n c o n 1; 1 m a c n o i tio'p, c ic dMng c u a cac nhanh quay ve c u n g m o t
May phat? M d y thu? Khong phdt,
k h o n g thu? p h i a . T i m c u d n g c ) d c n g die n qua . i h . i n h A C v a c a c n h a n h c u a b o n g u o n .
B a i giai B a i giai
302
i A • • 3031
a ) D i e n t r d tiTdng diTdng c u a m a c h n g o a i v a cir6ng do dong d i e n qua bo ngu6n V = 0,3 + i ; + i ; = 0,3 + 0,15 + 0,15 = 0,6A
- D i e n t r d t i r d n g du-dng:
^^'AH = U k D + Kli = I'Ro+ 0'6 = 0.6.2 + 0,6 = 1,8V .
+ T a CO t h e v e l a i m a c h n h u - s a u ( h i n h a ) : ' t ,t >
+ D o t i n h cha't c i i a m a c h c d u n e n m a c h t r e n tiTdng d i / d n g v d i m a c h s a u ( h i n h b] M a t khac: U;^,j = Ej, -1'r^ =^ 1,8 = e - 0 , 6 . - (3)

n
3 = ne - n
ne-n = 3 ^1 n = 3 1
T i r { 2 ) va (3): 0,6 <^
l,8 = e- ne - 1 , 8 n = 0.6' e = 2V
B
D
D
ay: So' pin la n = 3, suat dien dong cua moi pin la e = 2 V . j, $
CVdiig do dong dien qua nhanh AC va cac nhanh cua bp nguon
0,5A
c Mach bay g i d c6 the du'dc ve lai nhi/sau: ^^^^ ^l^.-^^
—JK- , Ta co: V,n = IRN = 31 (4) ' ; ' '
va n , H = H , - I , r , = 2 - I , (5)
R' 2Ro 2R, R 2
0
UAH = E . - I2r2 = 2.2 - 1 2 . 2 = 4 - 2I2 (6)
vdi 1 = I , + I2 (7)
= > R N . = RO+R' = R „ + : ^ = ^ = 3 ^
^ TiJf(4),(5),(6),(7):
- Cu-dng do dong dien qua bo nguon 31 = 2 - 1 , I, =-0,18A
Ta c6: IDB = 0,5A => U D B = 0,5Ro = 0,5.2 = 1V. A C B
31 = 4 - 2 1 - I , =0,91 A
D
I = I,+ l / I = 0,73A
2.2 ^ 2Ro
Vay : - U c = I = 0,73A.
I = 0,5 + I , + I2 = 0,5 + 0,25 + 0,25 = 1 A.
Dong d i e n qua nhanh gom 1 pin la
Vay: D i e n trd tiTdng di/cfng cua mach la =3Cl; ciTdng do dong dien qua
Ii = 0,18A,
bo nguon la I = 1 A.
chieu nguTdc v d i chieu da chpn.
b) So' pin n va suat dien dong e cua moi pin
Dong d i e n qua nhanh con lai la I2 = 0,91 A.
- Tri/dng hdp n pin m^c no'i tiep d cau a, ta c6: U A B = E b - I r b (1) ^•89. Cho mach d i e n nhiThinh ve: E, = 6V,
vdi UAB = UAD + UDB - IRo + UDB = U + 1 = 3V. E l , r, E2, r2
E2 = 9 V , r, = r2 = 0,5Q, R, = R3 = 8Q, D
va
Eb = ne
= nr = n . l = n
R4 = 0,5Q, C, = 0,5
12V- 18W.
, C2 = 0 , 2 , den
V.
Thay vao (1), ta diTdc: 3 = ne - n • (2) Ban dau K m d va khi chu'a m^c cac
=e "guon, ca hai tu deu chiTa tich dien.

M
- K h i n nguon m^c song song, ta c6: Tinh d i e n t i c h cac t u .
R3
n n * ^ dong, d e n D sang binh thiTdng. Tinh
R2
+ M a t khac: IQB = 0,3A UDB = 0,3.Ro = 0,3.2 = 0 6 V ^2 Va d i e n liTdng do cdc tu phong qua
N
' ^ i ' Rj va n o i ro chieu chuyen dong cua C2
^ , ; = ^2R.
. M , 2.2
O . , 5 A ; , ; = 2R.
M.M=O,,5A' i ^ , electron.
2.2
+ Cu-dng do dong dien qua bo nguon:
304 305
BCi clu3ng hpc smn'gioi vai ly 1 1 , IJJD i - iviguyen h-nu uong Cty TNHH M T V D W H i < h , p j vi§t
Bai giai ^ ^ 240+15.16
a) Dien tich cac tu: Khi K md khong c6 dong dien qua mach: •Ma I = =2A
Tac6:U,.^=UMP=E, =6V 88 + 9,5.16 ,, .
^ UAD = 6 - 2.0,5 = 5V; U M D = -12 + 5 = -7V.
=> q, = C^l]^.^ = 0,5.6 = 3|iC ciTc diTdng cua tu noi vdi Ri. ^ U D M = 7V.
: ^ q , = C , U D M - 0 , 5 . 7 = 3,5 nC. "

va U , . ^ = U N B - U ^ „ + U o 3 =Uc^+E2 = 6 + 9 = i5V , ,
gay gid ciTc am cua tu no'i vdti R| thl dien lu'ctng chuyen qua R i la:
q2 = ^'2-' ^ ^ diTdng cua C2 noi vdi N . -3,5 - 3 = 6,5nC va chieu tii M den D.
' Vay:qi = 3^C;q2 = 3nC. Vdi tu C 2 : U , . = = U ^ ^ +U^,, = +Uj
b) Tinh R2 va dien lu-cfng do cac tu phong qua R , , R3 ^
Ji UR^=I3R3 =I2R3 ( V l l , = l2)
- Khi K dong, den sang binh thi/dng:
Taco: U A M = U D = 12V , = I - I , = 2 - 1,5 = 0,5A. J ,
P.„. 18 I U R ^ = 0,5.8 = 4V ; U ^ ^ = I R ^ = 2.0,5 = I V ; U^.^ = 4+1 = 5V .
_ dm _
I, = = — = 1,5A (1) , IS' • f-
=> q2 = C2U^, = 0,2.5 = 1 nC va ciTc du-dng noi vdi diem N.
va L = — (2) Aq2 = I 2 " I 2 = 1-3

'~ = 2MC va chieu tCr M den N .
R2+R3 R2+8
ffiy: R2 = 16Q; Aq,= 6,5nC (chieu tiT M den D); Aq2 = 2^C (chieu tii M
i Matkhac: 1= ^1 + ^2
Rf^ + r,+ r2
hn N).
9.90. Cho mach dien nhi/ hinh: E, = 9V, Ej = 6V,
Rp,(R,+R,)
vdi R^ = R 4 + - ^ ^ ^ ^ r, = 0,8Q, r2 = 0,2Q, den D: 12V - 6W, bien
^ ^ R^+R.+R
^ Rb C O gia tri thay doi tuf 0 den 144Q, C| =
8(R,+8)
= 0,5+-^ 2
72+8,5R. <l«F,C2 = 3 n F .
8+R2+8 16+R2
^tn sang binh thu'dng. Tinh R, va UPQ.
6+9
240+15R. |o N di chuyen deu tiT dau A den dau B cua
=^ 1 = (3) A
In trd trong thdi gian t = 5s. Tim chieu va do
16+R2 cu'dng do dong dien tiJc thdi qua ampe ke
^ng thdi gian tren.
Vi I = I , + I2 nen t i r ( l ) , (2), (3) ta c6: Ei,r, E2, r2
i ! Bai giai
240+15R, 12
— ^ = 1,5 + Tinh R, va UpQ -X^
~ + 9,5R, R2 +
12^
o 360R,+ 15R, + 1920 = 246R,+14,25R, + 1056 + 1056 + 114R, la c6: I = = — = 0,5A ; R,, = = 24n
dm , j 12 ' ' D p z:
^dm ^dm "
« 0 , 7 5 R ^ - 1 9 2 = 0 =i>R2 = 16^
^ ' den sang binh thu'dng nen: Ii = Ij,,, = 0,5A (1)
- Dien lu'Ong do cac tu phong qua R i , R 3 :
^D = Uj,„=12V
Taco: U M D = U M A + UAD I,(Rf,+ R,) 0,5.(24+ R , )
vdi U M A = - U A M = - U D = - 1 2 V ; U A D = E , - I r , Ta lai cd: L = i i ^ ^ l ^ = (2)
R. 144
306 307
B6\g hgc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu Dfing Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Viftt |
E,+ E , C, M k M o t day dong chat, tie't dien khong doi, c6 dien trd R, dUdc uo'n t h i n h
' Mi/c>ng tron va chia thanh ba phiin bhng nhau bdi ba pin. M o i pin c6 sua't dien
R. ( R „ + R , ) |j0ng E va dien trd trong khong dang ke, cac pin m^c cijng chieu. ,
vdi: R^, = ^
h A N
B (jiffa hai d i e m xuyen tarn do'i A, B ngiTcfi ta
a)
bhng day noi khong dien trd mot tu
144.(24+ R,) _ 144.(24+ R|)
(jjen dien dung C. T i n h dien tich cua t u . Ban
144 + 24 + R 168+ R
R, ^ j o tich dien diTdng?
/^
9 + 6 15.(168+ R j ) [,) Thay tu dien bang mot von ke' c6 dien trd
!1 -
144(24-HR^;;^ = 3624+145R, E|, r. Ro.Tinh:
2' ^2
168+R CU'dng do dong dien qua von ke va so' chi B
cua von ke. B
15.(168+ R,) ^ 0 , 5 . ( 2 4 + R,)
V l I = I , + I2 <::>
3624 + 145R 144 Ci/dng do dong dien qua hai nilfa difdng tron
1 va2.
o 362880 + 2 1 6 0 R , = 260928 + 10440R, + 4 3 4 8 8 + 1 8 1 2 R i + 1 7 4 0 R i + 7 2 , 5 R 2
c) Suf dung ket qua cau b tlm lai ket qua cau a (giCfa A va B la l u ) .
o 72,5Rf + 11832Rj - 58464 = 0 =:> R, = 4,8n B a i îai
- T i m UPQ: Ta c6: UPQ = Upc- + UCQ, vdi Upc = - U D = - 1 2 V ; UCQ = E , - Ir, a) Dien tich ciia tu
A A
3624+145.4,8 R R
UCQ = 9 - 0,6.0,8 = 8,52V U,xj = - 1 2 + 8,52 = -3,48V. „ , R „ 3E R K

'AH
V a y : R|= 4 , 8 Q ; U p Q = - 3 , 8 4 V . ... - R 2
b) Chieu va do Idn cu'dng do dong dien tiJc t h d i qua ampe ke

B
- K h i N d d a u A , t a c 6 : U^. = U ^ ^ = 0 q, = 0 . B
CE
=^ q = C U ^ = va ban du'dng noi vdi B.
= U N B = l 2 R b = ( ' - I i ) R b = ( 0 . 6 - 0 , 5 ) . 1 4 4 = 14.4V
=^^2 =C2^C2 = 3.14,4 = 43,2^C CE

Vay: D i e n tich cua tu la q = , ban no'i vdi B tich dien du'dng. 'J
Tong dien tich tren cac ban tu noi vdi d i e m M l a : Q = qi + q2 = 43,2fiC .
Cirdng do dong dien ,,j!..u,.
- K h i N de'n B t h i : U^^ = l 2 R b = 14,4V ^ q[ = C,U^^ = 2.14,4 = 2 8 , 8 ^ 0 .
Khi thay tu bang von ke' ta c6 the ve lai mach nhi/sau:
Tacd: U ^ 3 = - I ^ R o (1)
1, R/2
T d n g d i d n tich tren cac ban tu noi vdi M\h: Q ' = q j + q^ = 28,8^C (2)
- D i e n l i f d n g c h u y e n qua ampe ke la: A q = | Q ' - Q = 2 8 , 8 - 4 3 , 2 = 14,4fiC Iv

^ .A«B = - 2 E + I , . | (3)
- Cirdng dp dong dien qua ampe kd' la: I = ^ = = 2,88Â .
At 5 'i=Iv+l2 (4)
V a y : Dong d i e n ttfc thdi c6 chieu tii M de'n N va c6 do Idn I = 2,88 fiA • E, E: R/2
^ a y (1) vao (2) va (3), ta diTdc:
308 309
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t
.u0enJllOi
^ " ' c d N G VA C d N G SUAT CUA NGUON DIEN
-I^R„=2E + I , . | (6) ',11!^!:'^ VA MAY THU DIEN
- Thay (4) vao (5) va (6), ta diWc: osv- ^ X 6 W T A T K I E I N THtrC
1. Cong, cCmg sua't va hieu suat cua nguOn diC'n , ,
-(I.-I,)R„=E-I,.| ^ I , ( R o + | ) - I . R o = E (7)
, C6ng cua nguon dien: A = EIt. : rr,.„ f i e i jAjft ,! <n «
-(I,-ipR„ = -2E + I , . | => l 2 R o - I , ( R o + f ) = - 2 E (8) , Cong sua't cua nguon dien: P = — = E I . .'..in u, J . . i , > ,
«, . m W!P'«|rt>.l»* _ H i e u suat cua nguon dien: H % = —.1007f = - ^ . 1 0 0 7 f = ).100%.

- N h a n h a i ve cua (8) vdi — ta difdc: ' ; E R +r E
(E, r la sua't dien dong va dien trd trong cua nguon; R la dien trd mach ngoai).
2. C o n g , cong sua't va hieu sua't ciia may thu dien
- Cong tieu thu cua may thu dien: A ' = U l t = E ' l t + r ' l ' t . " 5,},,
- Cong suat tieu thu cua may thu dien: P' = — = U l = E ' l + r ' l l
- L a y (7) trir (9) Iheo ve: ^rrv^rMlii&'l^''' t • i. ; r j
- Hieu suat ciia may thu dien: . ^j... ^ , „ . . ; . . ; •
(Ro+^' 2E.(R, + | )
H'%= —.1007c = ^ .10070 = ( 1 - — ) . 1 0 0 %
U E' + r'l U
^^0 'ô I
(E', r' la sua't phan dien va dien trd trong cua may thu; R la dien trd mach
^ 4 E ( 3 R ^ • , (10)'
ngoai).
' R 4R,)+R
2E 6Rn+R li. N H O N G C H U Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P
- Ttiay vao (7), ta di/dc: I2 = — • — (11) - Be giai cac bai tap ve cong, cong sua't, hieu sua't ciia nguon dien va may thu
can chu y:
4E 3Rn+R 2ERf,
Thay (10) v a o ( 6 ) , t a d i r d c : - l y R o = - 2 E + — . " - " + Cac cong thiJc tinh cong, cong sua't, hieu sua't ciia nguon dien va may thu.
R 4Ro+R 4Ro+R
Nhd rang cac dien trd (dien trd, bong den, ban la, bep dien...) cung la may
2E , ^ 2ER„ _ 2E
thu dien: may thu chi tda nhiet.
4R0+R ^ " 4R0+R R + Pho'i hdp vdi cac cong thiJc dinh luat O m da bie't, cac cong thufc ve bo
4+-
Ro •H.' nguon mSc vdi nhau (noi tie'p, song song, hon hdp do'i xiJng...).
c) K h i thay von ke d cau b) bang tu nhiT cau a) thi Uv - > Uc; Ro - > Rc ^ V d i acquy khi phat d i e n thl ddng vai tro la nguon dien; khi nap dien thl
Luc do: dong vai tro la may thu dien.

^ o i vdi cac bai toan ciTc tri ciia cong sua't thu'dng difa vao he qua ciia bat
^ ^ R 2 2 âng thufc C o - s i nhu'da bie't hoac tarn thiJc bac hai de giai.
^ Vdi bai toan tlm so nguon hoac so den thoa man dieu k i e n cho tru'dc can chu
S la so den hoac so nguon phai nguyen, du'dng nen neu gia tri t i m du'dc khtJng
Ke't qua hoan toan dung nhiT each giai c( cau a).
•Nguyen thl ta chon cac gia tn nguyen Ian can, lap luan va chon gia t n dung-
310 311
Bdi dugng h o c sinh gi6i V j t ly 11, t$p 1 - Nguyin Phu 06ng _Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH K h j n g Vi$t
C . C A C B A I T A P Vfe C O N G , C O N G S U A T C U A N G U 6 N DifN VA iv^^

V ^^V^^"
loan m ach c
mach cluVa m o t n g u o n sua't d i e n d o n g 1 2 V d a n g pli.it d i e n , d o n g dien
T H U OIEN I • P o nng
g ddoan
o a n m;
m a c h c l i a y tii" A d e n B c 6 d o I d n b i i n g 2 A va I ' = 8V.
1 0 . 1 . I f i n h b e n l a sd d o n a p d i e n c h o a c q u y ( E , i ) b h n g n g u o n h i e u d i e n th j j ^ p o a n m a c h chiin n g u o n 1 2 V d a n g p h a t d i ( - n , d o n g d i e n c h a y iijf A de'n B c 6
U A B = 2 , 4 V . B i e t E = 2 , 1 V , I , , = 2 A , R,, = 0, R = 0 , 1 Q . lid I d n b h n g 2 A va L'HA = 8 V .
a) T i n h r. T r o n g m o i t r i r d n g h d p h a y g i a i t h i c h si/ c h t - n h l e c h g i i l a d i e n n a n g t i e u t h u va
b) D u n g lu'dng cua acquy la lOAh E-r n h i e t lu'dng t o a r a t r o n g d o a n m a c h .
(36000C), linh ihdi gian n a p va nang Bai giiii - -
liTdng c u n g c a p c u a n g u o n . itiifîi Tru'cfng h d p d o a n m a c h c 6 m o t d i e n t r d R •
c) T i n h n h i e t lu'dng l o a ra t r o n g s u o t thcJi P i e n nang ma d o n g d i e n cung cap: A = H i t = 8 . 2 . 6 0 0 = 9 6 0 0 J . ' '
gian n a p . N h i e t l i f d n g t o a ra t r e n d o a n m a c h : Q = A = 9 6 0 0 J . , i ;"::>)<
d) T i n h phan dien n.lng bien t h a n h hoa li) T n f d n g h d p d o a n m a c h c o m o t a c q u y 6 V d a n g d i f d c n a p d i e n ' '
n a n g t r o n g thcli g i a n n a p . D\cn n a n g m a d o n g d i e n c u n g ca'p: A - l i l t = 8 . 2 . 6 0 0 = 9 6 0 0 J .
Hui niai N h i e t h r d n g l o a ra t r e n d o a n m a c h : Q = ( I J - U ' ) I t = ( 8 - 6 ) . 2 . 6 0 0 = 2 4 0 0 J .
a) T i n h r c) Tru'cfng h d p d o a n m a c h chiâ m o t n g u o n d i e n d a n g p h a t d i e n
CUdng dp dong dien trong nuich: Dien nang ma dong dien cung cap: A = U l t = 8.2.600 = 9 6 0 0 J . u'ji'-
N h i e t lu'dng t o a ra t r e n d o a n m a c h :
U - H
1 = :> R + r -
R + r 1 E--U 12-8
Ta c 6 : 11 = l i - r l => r = =^2n =>Q = rlh = 2 . 2 l 6 0 0 = 4 8 0 0 J .
U 1-; 2,4-2,1 1 2
=> r = -R = - 0 , 1 -0,n5i2
I 2 + 10.3. A c q u y c 6 r = 0 , 0 8 Q . K h i d o n g d i e n q u a a c q u y la 4 A , n o c u n g c a p c h o m a c h
V a y : r = 0,05 Q . ~ A B n g o a i m o t c o n g sua't b a n g 8\V.
b ) ThcJi g i a n n a p va n a n g lu'dng c u n g c a p c i i a n g u o n H o i k h i d o n g d i e n q u a a c q u y la 6 A , n o c u n g ca'p c h o m a c h n g o a i c o n g s u a t

bao n h i e u ? , . ,
T h 5 i g i a n n a p ac q u y : t = y = ^ ^ ^ ^ = 18000s ^ 5h .
B a i giai
Hieu dien the'mach ngoai: U = E - r l .
N a n g liTdng c u n g c a p c u a n g u o n : A = U l t = 2,4.2.18(X)0 = 8 6 4 0 0 J ^ 86.4kJ
C o n g suii't c u n g c a p c h o m a c h n g o a i : P = U l = ( E - r l ) l .
V a y : T h d i g i a n n a p a c q u y la 5h; n a n g lu'dng c u n g c a p cu:i n g u o n la A = 86,4U
+ Vdi 1= 4A P = ( E - 0,08.4).4 = 8 :::> E = 2 , 3 2 V .
c) N h i e t lu'dng t o a ra t r o n g t h d i g i a n n a p
+ Vdi I ' = 6 A = > P ' = (2,32-0,08.6).6= 11,04W.
T a c 6 : Q = R l ' t = ( 0 , l + 0,05).2-. 18000 = 1 0 8 0 0 J = lO.SkJ.
V a y : K h i d o n g d i e n q u a a c q u y l a 6 A , n o c u n g c a p c h o m a c h n g o a i c o n g sua't
V a y : N h i e t lu'dng t o a ra t r o n g t h d i g i a n n a p la Q = 10,8kJ.
la P' = 1 1 , 0 4 W . . i . -
d) P h a n d i e n n i i n g b i e n t h a n h hoa n a n g
' M . D i e n t r d R - 8 Q m a c v a o 2 ci/c m o t a c q u y c 6 d i e n t r d t r o n g r = I Q . S a u d o
T a c 6 : A ' = A - Q = 8 6 , 4 - 10,8 = 7 5 , 6 k J .
ngu'di ta m a c t h e m d i e n t r d R song s o n g v d i d i e n t r d c u .
V a y : P h a n d i e n n a n g bie'n t h a n h h o a n a n g t r o n g thcJi g i a n n a p l a A ' = 75 fi^^
H o i c o n g sua't m a c h n g o a i t a n g h a y g i a m b a o n h i e u Ian? , j „ v
1 0 . 2 . T i n h d i e n n a n g m a d o n g d i e n c u n g c a p c h o d o a n m a c h A B va n h i e t lu''^"-
B a i giiii
t o a r a trcMi d o a n m a c h t r o n g t h d i g i a n 10 p h u t t r o n g c a c trU'dng h d p s a u :
a) D o a n m a c h c 6 m o t dicMi t r d R, cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n qua R la 2 A , h i e u d i e n t'^ Cu'dng d p d o n g d i e n b a n d a u t r o n g m a t

' R+r
dau la 8 V .
b) D o a n m a c h c 6 m o t a c q u y 6 V d a n g dUdc n a p b h n g d o n g d i e n 2 A . H i e u J ' ' ' RE:-

C o n g sua't m a c h n g o a i : P, - R l ? =
(R+ir
14
t h e h a i d a u d o a n m a c h la 8 V .
313
Boi duSng hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phil D6ng
E 2E Cong suat mach ngoai: P = UI = (E - rl).l = EI - rf.

Cufdng dp dong dien sail khi mac them R: I , = R R+2r 135 = E.15-r.l5^ 15E-25r= 135
ITa c6: .E = 12V;r = 0,2Q.
64,8 = E.6-r.6^ 6E - 36r = 64,8
Cong suat mach ngoai: = —Ij = ivay: E = 12V;r = 0,2Q.

2 ' 2 (R+2r)2
|0 7- Nguon E = 6V, r = 2Q cung cap cho dien trd mach ngoai cong suat P = 4W.
P2 _ 2RE^ (R + r)^ _ 2(R + r)^ _ 2.(8 + 1)^ a) Tim R. ' s
= 1,62
Pi (R + Irf ' RE^ (R + Irf (8 + if , ^,) Gia si^ luc dau mach ngoai la dien trd R, = 0,5Q. Mac them vao mach ngoai
Vay: Cong suat mach ngoai tang len 1,62 Ian. ^ ,, dien trd R2 thi cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai khong ddi. Hoi R2 noi tiep hay
10.5. Dien trd R = 25Q mac vao bo nguon la 2 acquy giong nhau, dien trd tiono song song Ri va c6 gia tri bao nhieu?
moi acquy la r = lOQ. * Bai giai
Hoi trong hai tru^dng hdp acquy no'i tiep, song song, cong sua't mach ngoaj o a) TimR ' '" ' ' ' ''a,, ,j,'=: ,S -
Cong sua't mach ngoai: P = U I = (E - rl)l = EI - rl^
tru'dng hdp nao Idn hdn va Idn hdn bao nhieu Ian?
„Aih . f , ! r , ••.•r,f't: ll^l giî ,;;.„.,! ' l = 2A ,
o 4 =6I-2IôI^-3I +2=0
- Neu 2 acquy mac noi tie'p: Ei = 2E, ri = 2r. 1= l A
E. 2E
+ Cudng do dong dien trong mach: I , = — = . Matkhac: P = RI^ R= —
;;,-0;.M ' ' ' R + i^ R + 2r v^,^^,^ 3 KV i'/iji^
J 4E^ ' + VdiI = 2 A ^ R = — = IQ.
+ Cong suat mach ngoai: P. = R l f = R. .
(R + 2r)2
- Neu 2 ac quy mac song song: E2 = E, rj = —. + V d i l = 1A=> R = 4- = 4 i ^ -

1^
2 •('uohh.
Vay: R = 4Q hoac R = IQ.
E E 2E
+ Cqdng dp dong dien trong mach: L = — — = = . b) Cach mac R2 vdi R,
:: ' ^+-2 R^>- 2R+r t
Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai: I
2
F
4E^ S li
P = Rl2 = R ( _ ) 2 =
+ Cong suat mach ngoai: = RIj = R. R+r
(2R+r)^2 • • ''ff,
VR VR VR
_^ Pi _ 4E^R (2R + r)^ ^ (2R + r)^ ^ (2.25+10)^ _ 16
loi R3 la dien trd tuWug duting cua Ri va Rj, ta c6: P, = P3. : +
P2 (R + 2r)2' 4E2R (R + 2r)2 (25 + 2.10)" ~ 9 '
r^ r^
- o R,+2r+— =R,+2r+-
Vay: Cong sua't mach ngoai trong trirdng hdp 2 acquy mac noi tiep Idn hdn R R,
16
— Ian cong suat mach ngoai trong trUdng hdp 2 acquy mac song song.
n,2
R1-R3
10.6. Acquy (E,r) khi c6 dong I , = 15A di qua, cong suat mach ngoai la P, = 135^- Ri - R 3 = r ^ o R,R3 = =^ R3 = — = 8Q > R
khi h = 6A, P2 = 64,8W. Tim E , r. R,R3 ' ' ' 0,5
Bai giai I Vay: Phai mac R2 noi tiep R, va R2 = R3 - Ri = 8 - 0,5 = 7,5Q.
Hieu dien the' mach ngoai: U = E - r l .
314
Boi di/ong hpc sinhji6[_V§t ly 11. t j p 1 - Mguygn Phu 06ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khanq Viet
10.8.a) K h i dien trd mach ngoai ciia mot nguon dien la R, hoac R2 thi cong su- j0,9-a) M ^ c h k i n gom acquy E = 2,2V cung ca'p dien nang cho dien trd mach
mach ngoiii CO ci:ing gia tri. Tinh H, r ciia nguon theo R i , R2 va cong sua't p ngoai R = 0,5Q. Hieu sua't cua acquy H = 65%. Tinh cudng do dong dien
b) Nguon dien tren c6 dien trd mach ngoai R. Khi mic them R, song song R „^ trong mach.
cong suat mach ngoai khong doi. Tinh R,. Khi dien trd mach ngoai thay do'i tir R| - 3Q de'n R: = 10,5Q ihl hieu sua't ciia
l i a i giai acquy tang ga'p d o i . Tinh dien trd trong cua acquy.
Baigiiii ^'^ a^'',:-;:>'i..-' :
a)TinhE,r '-•A^--.-:
Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai: ,« ' ^ ^) CiJ'c'ng do dong dien trong mach
i:- r2 r2
P = R l 2 = R . ^' 't Xa cd: H i e u sua't cua ac quy la: H = = — = 0,65
VR VR VR
V d i R, = R2 thi P , = P2 o
Vay: Cu'dng do dong dien trong mach la I - 2,86A. fr• /^î. • :.
b) Dien trd trong cua acquy
RI Ii R1E RI
Khi R = R, thi H , = - U - ^ i - i
E E ( R , + r) R, + r •'wc .::y:-': •
Khi R R2 tW H , = =^ . ^2 'Zu'
=> r = 7 R ; R ; va E=(^+-L.)VP=(7R;+7R7)7P , ^ Rj+r Hj Rj R ^ + r
r, ^R,
ol^.^±JL=2o^:^ = i « 2 1 + 7 r = 4 2 . 4 r = . r = 7Q.
Vay: E = (^+7R^)VP ; r= ./R^R^ . 3 10,5+ r 10,5+ r 7
b) Tinh R , Vay: D i e n trd trong cua acquy la r = 7 Q . AUt?
V i cong suat mach ngoai khong ddi nen tiT cau a, ta c6: 10.10. M o t dong c d dien mac vao nguon dien hieu dien the U khong do'i. Cuon
E^ ^ day ciia dpng c d cd dien trd R. K h i dpng cd hoat dpng, cu'dng dp dong dien
chay qua dpng cd la I .
a) Lap bieu thu'c tinh cong sua't hii'u ich cua dpng cd va sua't phan dien xuat hien
X
trong dpng cd.
R+R,
^) Tinh I de cong sua't hiJu ich dat ci/c dai. K h i nay, hieu sua't cua dpng cd la bao
^nhieu?
R R + R, RR, R R + R ^ R^ R " B a i giai
O RR^(R + R J = R R 2 + r^R + r^R^

^) Bieu thuTc tinh cong sua't hii'u ich cua dpng c d va sua't phan d i ^ n xua't hien
trong d6ng cd '
o R 2 R ^ = r 2 R + r2R^ o R , ( R ' - r ^ ) = r ^ R , v d i R > r => R^ = -. Cong sua't c6 ich cua dpng cd: P = U I - RI^. .^â'!, .
Sua't phan dien ciia dpng cd: U = E + R I => E = U - R I .
Tinh I de cong sua't hCTu ich dat ciTc dai ,
Vay.R, = j f ^ , v d i R > r .
R^-r^ U^R
Cong sua't c6 ich: P = RI^ = R.
316
BBi du9no hgc sinh giAi V$l ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu P6ng
U^R
Theo bat dang thiJc Cosi: (R + r)^ > 4Rr P < c6: PN = R l ' = R-
4Rr 4r (R + r ) ' (VR+-"=)' '
VR
U
Khi R r thi cong suat mach ngoai ciTc dai: P^^,^^ = => 1 = y-j E = const, r = const nen P N = PNCMUIX) khi R -r
4r R +r 2R
2 ^ = r = R, c> =2=^R2= ::l

Hieu suat cua dpng c&. H = = 0,5 = 50% .
R +r 2R 2 + R, +1
U R.
•'..u;yx.
Vay: De cong sua't hilu ich dat cifc dai thi I = — , luc do hieu suat cua dpng
16'
LliC do: Pwdnax) — - = 32W.
cd la H = 507o.
10.11. Nguon E = 16V, r = 2Q noi vdi mach ngoai gom Ri = 2Q va R2 mac song
song. Tinh R2 de: Vay: De cong sua't mach ngoai c\ic dai thi R 2 = 00 va Pwdnax) = 32W.
a) Cong sua't cua nguon ciTc dai. d) De cong suat tieu thu tren Ri ciTc dai s"iH:r , ,i ' )
b) Cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon ciTc dai. •If ^.-'i
c) Cong sua't mach ngoai ciTc dai. Taco: P , = R , I i =

d) Cong suat tieu thu tren R| ciTc dai.
2R. 2R2E
e) Cong sua't tieu thu tren R2 cifc dai. vdi U = RI = R.
R+r 2+R2 2 R 2 2 R , + r ( 2 + R 2 ) ' y*> 3n*'i"s^'->: •<>'^ '
Tinh cac cong sua't ci/c dai tren. +r
2+R,
B a i giai
R|R2 2R2 I 4/
Ta c6: Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua Ri va R2: R
2+R, _^1+R2,
2R,.16 'SR. 64R 2 32
P, =
a) De cong sua't cua nguon ci/c dai 2R2+2(2+R2) I+R2 R, 2(1+R2)^ ( , + J )2
R2
Ta c6: Cong sua't cua nguon: P = EI = E.-
R +r R +r => P i = Pl(max) khi R 2 = C O .
Vi E = const, r = const nen P = P„,ax khi R = 0 => R2 = 0. jj^jj, ...yrf)
Liicd6:P,(,™x,= ^ ^ = 3 2 W . *
16^ (1 + 1 ) 2 i . ?: 2 ;, . ..;.J^ri^.
Luc do: P„,;,x = = 128W.
0+2 00
Vay: De cong sua't cua nguon ciTc dai thi R 2 = 0 va Php(niax) = 128W. Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu tren Ri cifc dai thi R 2 = <» va Pi(„,ax) = 32W.
b) De cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon cufc dai ^) De cong sua't tieu thu tren R2 cifc dai
Ta c6: Cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon: Php = rl^ = r- T&co: P 2 = R2I2 = — , v(3iU = R I = 7 - ^ (nhiTcaud).
(R+r)' R. 1+R.
Vi E = const, r = const nen Php = Php^nax) khi R = 0 => R2 = 0.
^8R ^
16^ T+R, 64R
Luc do: P,hp(niax) = 2.- = 128W. (for istiii 2 64
(0 + 2^ P2 = ^ — = ,
^2
R, (i+R2r
(\+RA^ (. 7f^.
^+ •1 ) '^2
Vay: De cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon ciTc dai thi R 2 = 0 va Php(max) = 128W
V'^2
c) De cong sua't mach ngoai ciTc dai
318 11 319
BUI UUBng nui; mim yim ^^gi ly 11 mt) i - mguyen HHU uung Cty TNtiH MTV DWH K h ^ ^ , | M
De P2 = f2„„„, Ihl R: = 1 il (liV bfit dang tlu'fc Co-si). j j j j 3 . Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve, cac
64 •' E, r
Luc do: P2„n.u, = — = 1(,W. ^jgn trd thuan deu c6 gia trj bang R.
v..V. (l-V' , J Tim he thdrc hen he giffa R va r de cong
suS't tieu thu mach ngoai khong ddi khi
Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu tien R^ circ dai thl R; = 1 Q va i\.,„,,,, - i6W. B
jC md va dong.
10.12. Nguon B = i 2V, r = 4il diMc dung de thap sang den 6V - (AV.
E = 24V. Tinh UAB khi: ,
a) ChOrng minh rhng den khong sang binh ihu'dng.
b) De den sang binh thiTdng, phai mac IhC'in vao mach mot dien tic) K^. Tinh ^ Kdong. ' ' >l -C3- i
va cong sua't tieu thu cua R^.
' B a i giai
Hai ^lai
3) He thilc lien he giOra R va r
V] 6'
Ta c6: + Dien trd cua den: R , = = — = 6Q Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P = RI^ = R-
6
dm
p ^
+ Cudng dp dong dien djnh muTc cua den: Ij^j^ = — ^ = — = i A . , KhiKmd:
a) ChiVng minh den khong sang binh thu'cJng R 2R 5
+ Dien trd tiTdng diTdng mach ngoai: R, = R+ R+2R
' = 3- R .
E 12 \9 =•
Ta c6: CuTdng dp dong dien qua den: I = = = 1,2A
Rj+r 6+4
+ Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P. =
Vi I > I,i,„ nen den khong sang binh thUdng.
b) Tinh Rx va cong sua't tieu thu cua R^
- Khi K dong: E,r
- Neu mac them R, noi tiep vdi den, de den sang binh thufdng tW:
+ Dien trd tu'dng dUdng mach ngoai: h-
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: I = = Id,,,
1^
R.(R+~) , rCZh
= 0,6R R
= > R , = - ^ - ( R , + r ) = ^ - ( 6 + 4) = 2Q R 2,5
R+R+ -
2 R
+ Cong sua't tieu thu cua R,: Px = Rxl' = 2.1^ = 2W.
- Neu mac them R, song song vdi dea, de den sang binh thu'dng thi: Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P, =
+ Hieu dien the hai dau R^: = U,, = 6V.
E-U. 12-6
+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach: I = = = 1,5A.
VlP, = P j « ( ^ ^ + ' f = ( ^ + ' f oR^ +ll+2r = R2+—+2r
r 4
+ Cirdng dp d6ng dien qua R^: I2 = I - Idm = 1,5 - J = 0,5A.
R, - R
U. 6 R, - R 2 = r^(-^^r^) o r^ = RjR^ = | R . 0 , 6 R = R^ => r = R.
+ DientrdRx:R = —^ = — = 12Q. R,R2
" K 0,5 p y : De cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai khong do'i khi K md va d6ng tW r = R.
+ Cong sua't ti6u thu tren R,: P^ = R = 12.0,5^ = 3W.
320
Bfii dLfflng hpc sinh gidi V$t ly 11, tjip 1 - NguySn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vist
- Khi K md: <^ 3R^+9,6R + 7,68-20R = 0 3R^ - 10,4R + 7,68 = 0
+ CiTcfng do dong dien trong mach chinh: I , = ^ = 2,4a R , . ( R , + 2) - - . ^ - 0 . . . ^

R,+r 5„ 16 (vdiR=^?— '-)
1 -R+r R=—a 2Rj+2 , , ,
+ Hieudienthe 2dau A B : =IIRAB

RI + 2R. ,
E R.2R E 2^ E 24 , Trudng hap 1: = 2,4 R^ - 2,8Rj - 4,8 = 0 R^ = 4Q
2R^+2
- R+r - R
LUC do: R = = 2,4Q ^ I = = . 5A
2.4 + 2 R+r 2,4 + 1,6
- Khi K dong:
+ Hieu dien the mach ngoai: U = E - rl = 20 - 1,6.5 = 12V.
+ Cirdng do dong dien trong mach chinh: =
Rj+r 0,6R+r
+ Cir5ngd6 dongdienquaden 1: I . = — = — = 3 A
rE
+ Hieu dien the mach ngoai: U = E - r ^ = E -
0,6R + r + Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 1: P, = RÎ^ = 4.3^ = 36W. ;
rE + Cirdngdod6ngdienquaden2:l2 = I - I | = 5 - 3 = 2A.
E-
U 0,6R + r + Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 2: P2 - = 4.2^ = 16W . 4 /
+ Cirdng do dong dien qua A B : =
R 1,5R
R + U 12
+ Hieu sua'tcua nguon: H = — = — =0,6 = 60%.
rE 24R E 20
E- 24-
R^+2R 16
+ Hieu dien the' 2 ddu A B : = I^R = = , ' / ^ = 6V. * Trudnii hap 2: ^ " = — « 1 5 R ^ - 2 R ^ - 3 2 = 0 => R^ = 1,53Q
1,5 1,5
Vay: Khi K md, UAB = 6V; khi K dong, UAB = 6V.

ûcdo: R = l ^ ^ = i ^ Q ^ I = ^ = - ^ = 7 , 5 A
10.14. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: 2.1,53+2 15 R+r 16 , ,
+ 1,6 ..O'f:.
E = 20V, r = 1,6Q, R, = Rj = IQ, 15
hai den giong nhau. Biet cong sua't + Hieu dien the mach ngoai: U = E - rl = 2 0 - 1,6.7,5 = 8 V .
tieu thu d mach ngoai bang 60W.
Tinh cong sua't tieu thu cua moi + Cu'dng do dong dien qua den 1: Ij = — = — ^ = - ^ ^ A .
Rrf 1,53 153
den \h. hieu suat cua nguon. •
B a i giai + Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 1: Pj = R ^ l f = 1 , 5 3 . ( Y ^ ) ^ = 4 1 , 8 3 W .
R..(Rd+Ri+R2) Rd-('^d+2)
+ Cirdng do dong dien qua den 2:12 = I - 1 , = 7,5 - =^ A.
- Dien tra ttTdng dtTdng mach ngoai: R= ^-.^-^^ = ~ ^ V ^
- Ci/cJng do dong dien trong mach chinh: I = + Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 2: Pj = R ^ I ^ = 1,53.( — ) 2 = 7 , 8 9 W .
R+r
306
U 8
- Cong sua't tieu thu cl mach ngoai: P = RI^ = R + Hieu sua't cua nguon: H = — = — = 0,4 = 4 0 % .
(R+r)^ E 20 ,
<::^ 60 = ^-^"^ o (R^+ 3,2R + 2,56).60 = 400R

(R+1,6)^
• • , . . . 323
3i du8ng hgc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11, tap 1 - Mguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi$t
10.15. Cho mach dien nhu" hlnh ve: cac den c6 1576
= 1576
4
•n r
CLing dien trd R, nguon c6 r = J ^ ^ - Cong
Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai:
(h
E, r
suat tieu thu cua den 6 la 6W. (X) '(X)
Tinh cong suat tieu thu cua mach ngoai, i = UI= \ = 165P^ = 165.6 = 990W
R
cong suat va hieu suat cua nguon.
P P
Bai giai Cong sua't cua nguon: P' = E I = E.15^ = 1 5 ^ / 6 . - ^ = 15N/6.15V6 = 1350W
R
Ta c6: Mach dien dU'dc ve lai nhu'sau: ..CiKt.i:: tilt
Hieu sua't cua nguon: H = — = = 0,733 - 73,3% .
I ' • P 1350
MxWx>-(x Vay: Cong suat tieu thu mach ngoai la P = 900W; cong sua't cua nguon la P'
4
= 1350W; hieu suii't cua nguon la H = 73,3%.
10.16. Cho mach dien nhU' hinh ve,
I4
E = 9V, r = IQ, bien trd M N c6
-(x>
dien trd toan phan R = lOQ, dien A
E, r
trdR, = IQ, RA = 0,Rvra'tldn.
a) p i C d chinh gii?a bien trd, tinh so chi
tren v6n-ke va ampe ke.
- Cong sua't tieu thu cua den 6: = Rr^ => - \
b) Dinh vi tri C de cong sua't tieu thu trong toan bien trd la Idn nhat. Tinh cong
sua't nay.
- Hieu dien the 2 dau C D : Uco = ISR^T = j^'^R = S^/RPS • liai giiii
Dien trd tu'dng du'dng mach ngoai:
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den 4: = = — - = 3 j - ^.
R. R R
x + 10-x 10
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den 2: I 2 = I4+I5 =^^^"^^^ "^J'jf ' Cirdng do dong dien trong mach chinh: I =
R+r
- Hieu dien the 2 dau AB: So chi cua von ke' va ampe ke': Khi C d chinh giiJa:
UAB = I2R23450 = 4 ^ ^ . ( 2 R + ^ ^ - ^ 10 2,5 + 2
^ U A N = I R I = 2.1 = 2 V ; U N H = 1 R = 2.2,5 = 5 V . '

UAR P,
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den 1: Ij = = 1 \J~^- | S o chi cua von ke la: UAM = UAH = UAN + UNB = 2 + 5 = 7V. ^
R V R ^ '
11,'-^+4, I So chi cua ampe ke la: I , = = - = iA . ' '
1 = 1,+I2 = \ \
Hy: Von ke'chi 7V va ampe ke chi I A. •' '
E E E E
Ma 1= ' tri C de cong sua't tieu thu trong toan bie'n trd la Idn nha't
R +r 2,75R.R 11 4 „ "R
R.r i ' R+~-R 'Ta c6: Cong sua't tieu thu tren bien trd:
2;75R + R 15 15 15
325
324
B6\g hoc sinh gioi Vat ly 11, t5p 1 - IMguygn Phil D6ng
RE
p = Rr = (R+r)^
P = R'I^ =
i ^ ^ ' f (Ti^-f)^
VR' VR VR VR
^ P = P,„,„ c> R' = R , + r = 1 + I= 2Q. Vi E = const, r = const nen P = Pn,ax khi R = r.
va P = 10,125W hay R , + 22.8
+!
= 4 =:> R = 2,4^ .
'max
11 I.
Vay: De cong toa nhiet d mach ngoai Idn nha't thi R^ = 2,4 Q. '
^) So chi cua ampe ke
Luc do: R' = =2 o - lOx + 20 = 0 = > x, = 7,24Q; X2 = 2,76Q, Dien trd tu'cfng dUdng mach ADB: :
Vay: Vi iri cua C de cong sua't tren bien trd Idn nha't la
xi = 7,24Q hoac X2 = 2,76Q va P,„„ = 10,125W. R = At +R = 58,4 = 60i^
10.17.a)Neu Ian lu'dt mac dien trd R| = 2Q va R2 = 8 Q vao mot nguon dien mot ÂDB R^+R^ 3 2 + 8
chieu CO suat dien dong E va dien trd trong r thi cong suaft toa nhiet tren cac
Dign trd tu"dng dU'dng mach ngoai:
dien trd la nhiT nhau. Hay tinh dien trd trong cua nguon.
b) Ngu'di ta mac song song Ri va R2 roi P,R= ^ ^ - ^ A D B , 60.60 ^ 3 Q ^
D
mac no'i tiep chung vdi dien trd R^
de tao thanh mach ngoai cua nguon
X ± R3 R,
• R4+RADB
Cifdng
Cifdng do
dp dong
dong dien
60 + 60
dien qua
qua mach
ampe chinh:
ke: U =I I=- RIi-+ r 30 +
68
4
= 2A,
dien tren. Hoi R^ bang bao nhieu thi
A
E, r
X => UAB = E - rl = 6 8 - 4.2 = 6 0 V
cong suat toa nhiet d mach ngoai la
Idn nha't? Cirdng do dong dien qua R3: I3 = = 7^ = •
c) Bay gid ta lai ma'c nguon dien tren va Ri, R2 vao mach dien nhiT hinh ve, RAB 60
Trong do R3 = 38,4Q, R4 = 60Q, ampe ke A c6 dien trd khong ddng ke. Hoi Hieudienthe'2dauR,: U, = I3R12 = 1.1,6= 1,6V.
ampe ke' chi bao nhieu, bie't rhng suat dien dong cua nguon dien E = 68V.
Cirdng do dong dien qua Ri: I, = — = -^^^ = 0 , 8 A . ^ 'if.
a) Dien trd trong cua nguon So chi cua ampe ke: IA = I - Ii = 2 R,

- 0,8 =21,2A.
- Vi cong suat toa nhiet tren cac dien trd la nhu" nhau nen: P | = P2. Vay: Ampe ke chi 1,2A. i
Hai acquy (E, r,), (E, fz). Cong suat mach ngoai cifc dai cua moi acquy la
« R, E^ o R , ( R 2 +2R2r + r^) = R2(Rf +2R,r + r^) 20W va 30W. Tinh cong sua't mach ngoai cifc dai cua bp hai acquy:
2
(R,+r)^ (R^+r)^ Noi tiep. b) Song song.
o r^ =RiR2 =^ r = JR,R2 = VZ8 = 4 i l . , Baigiai
Vay: Dien trd trong cua nguon la r = 4 Q. Ta c6: Cong sua't mach ngoai cua ac quy: P = R
b) Gia tri R^, de cong suat toa nhiet d mach ngoai \h Idn nha't
R,R
Dien trd tiTdng diTdng cua mach ngoai: R = R^ + ,1x2
R,+R2
MS = VR + 4 = ^ 2Vi^ => MS„,i„ khi R = r va P,„,, =
Cong sua't toa nhiet d mach ngoii: VR
BOi du3ng hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11. t$p 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng
'max 4 '1r = 20W; P,Snax 4r

^'2
= 30W .
a) Tri/dng hdp 2 acquy m^c no'i tiep: Khi 2 acquy m^c noi tiep:
1^ ^ 1,2R^-102R,+480 = 0
150.80
20 + 80
R, = 80i^ => U , =150.5 = 120V
= 30V
Eb = 2E; Fb = r i + r2 nen: . " Vay: Hieu dien the djnh mu'c cua den la 120V hoac 30V.
p (2E)^ ^ 4E^ ^ 4 ^ 4 j,) Tim Rb de hai den sang binh thirdng
4(r,+r2) 4(r,+r2) 4r, 4r2 1 Vdi den c6 U, = 120V; R,, = 80Q: De den sang binh thiTdng:
Cu'dng do dong dien qua den: Ij = 180 = 1,5A.
U 120
""^ 20 + 30 + Cu'dng do dong dien qua bie'n trd: I = lb = 2.1,5 = 3A.
b) TriTdng hcJp 2 acquy mac song song: Khi 2 acquy mac song song: ; E = ,3 0 150
o 1= =3 R,=8Q.
F
bb -- bF, Fb
r =- '•''•2
nen: R, + -^-'^+r Rb+40 + 2
" 2
(E)' E'(r,+ r,) E^ , Vdi den c6 U, = 30V; Rd = 5Q: De den sang binh thiTdng:
P
ii\ax 4( ^'^2 4r,r2
— + — = P, + P, = 20 + 30 = SOW P 180
) 4r, 4r.,
+ CiTdng do dong dien qua den: I . = - - = ——= oA
Vay: Khi 2 acquy mac noi tiep thi P,„ax = 48W; khi 2 acquy mac song song thi
j+ Cu'dng do dong dien qua bien trd:150
I = lb = 2.6 = 12A. , 0 !(i (,.< [ • ^
P,„„x = 50W. o 1= = 12 = 12 =>Rb = 8 ^
Mach dien gom mot nguon E = i50V, r = 2Q, mot den D c6 cong suat R. R^+2,5 + 2
10.19. Rh + + r
dinh miJc P = 1 SOW va mot bien trd Rb mac noi tiep nhau. Vay: De 2 den
a) Khi Rb = i8Q thl den sang binh thu^dng. Tim hieu dien the dinh muTc cua den. ^ sang
2 binh thiTdng thi Rb = 8Q., aph " s i j i^tfnrdniT
c) So nguon toi da c6 the th^p sang
b) Mac song song vdi den D mot den giong no. Tim Rb de hai den sang binh thirdng
c) Vdti nguon tren, c6 the thap sang toi da bao nhieu den giong nhifD. Hieu suai - Vdi loai den c6 = 120V; Rd = 80fi: Goi n la so den toi da c6 the thap sang
cua nguon l<.hi do la bao nhieu? binh thu'dng. VI cac den sang binh thudng nen: j |
Bai giai ' T P 180 , ^ . A.
+ Cu'dng dp dong dien qua moi den: ~ "[J ~ ~ ' X
a) Hieu dien the dinh mu'c cua den + Cu'dng dp dong dien qua bie'n trd: I = nid = 1,5n. , 1 i -
Cudng do dong dien qua mach chinh:
1 =
E ]50 150 o 1= = l,5n o E = l,5nRb+ l,5Rd+ l,5nr
..pi.)
R,+ R,+ r i8 + 2 + Rj Ô + Rj ft60 KMii v m n >«.':>
E-1,5R,
Hieu dien the dinh mu'c cua den: Uî - lR,i = 20+ R, => n = l,5(Rb+r) => n = ni„ax khi Rb = 0.
P 180
Matkhac: U . = - = — . ( 2 0 + R . ) = 1.2(20 + R . ) ' 150-1.5.80 = 0,8 = 80%
I 150 '
1,5.2
« 150Rj = 1,2(20+ R J ^ o 150R. =480 + 48R,+ 1,2R^ Vay: So'den to'i da loai Ud= 120V; Rd = 80Q la 10 va hieu suat cua nguon luc
36 la H = 80%. ; = io<ai„,=>H=Hi =i l|
329
328
- Vdi loai den c6 Va = 30V; R,, = 5Q: Goi n la so den toi da c6 the th^lp Iiay (3) vao (1): U, + 2U| = E - Ir
binh thiTdng. V i cac den sang binh thir&ng nen: ^ ,3U, = E - I r (4)
P 180 ^£f(3),tac6:2U, = E - r r (5)
-, •! + CiTdng do dong dien qua moi den: •'d ~ " j j ~ ~ • jâtkhac: I = l 3 = I i + I2 = 2I, (6)
+ Ci/cfng do dong dien qua bien trd: I = nl,, = 6n. ^
I ' = l3 + I> = l 3 + y = (7)
E 1' \
» 1= = 6n o E = 6nRb + 6R n = n = n,„„x khi Rb - 0. 2U, + - I , r = E = 30 :)''''>^:'û
6(Rh+r) 2U.=E-^.r
U, = 6 V v a l 3 r = 12V W ,^f'
va n„.„, = 119:^ = 10 (den) => H = - = — = 0,2 = 20%
6.2 E 150 -:Û2 = U , = 6 V ; U 3 = 2U, = 12V.
Vay: So den toi da loai U<, = 30V; R j = 5 f i l a 10 va hieu suat cua nguon luc E)e' biet mic theo each nao idi hdn, ta duâ vao hieu suat cua tiTng each m^c.
do la H = 20%.
10.20. Nguon E = 30V, dien trd trong r dung de th^p sang dong thcJi hai den D,,
D2 giong nhau va den D 3 . De ca 3 den sdng binh thiTcJng, c6 the m^c: Vay: Hieu dien the dinh mCire cua moi den la U, = U2 = 6V, U 3 = 12V va each
- (D,//D2)ntD3. mSe thiir 1 (hinh a) Idi hdn. _
- (DintD2)//D3. b) Cdc gia tri djnh muTc cua den va dien trd trong cua nguon
a) Tinh hieu dien the' dinh mifc moi den. Cho biet each mic nao c6 Idi hdn. P _ 6 0 ^ . _ rT _ I
mu each 1 c6 P = 60W thi I = - = ^ = 2A ^ I3 = 2A, I , = I2 = ^ = 1 A.
b) Mot trong hai each ma'e tren, eong suat cua nguon la P = 60W. Tinh eac gia E ~ 30
E 30 • ^
tri djnh miJc cua den va dien trd trong cua nguon. . P, = U i l , = 6.1 = 6W D,: 6V - 6W.
Bai giai P2 = U2I2 = 6.1 = 6W =^ D2: 6V - 6W.
I'l
P3 = U 3 l 3 = 12.2 = 2 4 W = ^ D 3 : 1 2 V - 2 4 Wr. ' '< ^ ^'
Theo (8):l3r= \2 => r = ^-^ = ^-^ = 6^.
P 60 '
~ Ne'ucaeh2e6P = 60Wthi I ' = - = — = 2 A
r E 30
E,r
Hinha Hinhb
Theo (7): I ' = l l , =013 = | l ' = f = => I , = I3 = I ' - 1 3 = 2 - | = f A .
a) Hieu dien the' djnh mile moi den
Gpi U , , U2, U 3 la hieu dien the dinh miife eiia cdc den; I , , I2, I3 la ddng die"
f = > Pi = U , I , = 6 . | = 4 W r > D , : 6 V - 4 W v a D 2 : 6 V - 4 W . ,
dinh mtfc cua cde den.
- Tif each miCc 1 suy ra: U | = U2; tiJeach m^c 2 suy ra: 1] = I2. P3 = U3I3 = 1 2 . - = 16W => D 3 : 12V - 16W va r = ^ = Y = 9".
- V i cac d^n sang binh thi/dng nen ta c6: --s 3 ^3 2
+ Hinha:U,+ U3 = E - I r (1)
U Hinhb: U , + U 2 = U 3 = E - I r (2) Vay: Vdi each m^c 1 thi D „ D2: 6V-6W, D 3 : 12V-24W, r = 6 Q ; vdi cdch
- Tir (2) suy ra: 2U, = U3 = E - I'r (3) m^c 2 thi D „ D2: 6V-4W, D 3 : 12V-16W, r = 9 Q .
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B6\g hpc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. tjp 1 - IMguyin Phil D6ng
10.21. Nguon E = 24V, r = 2Q dung de thap sang dong thdi ba den: Di(6V-3W)
D2(6V-6W), D3(6V-9W). Cac den sang binh thiTdng nhcJ m^c them mot die^
trd R vao mach. B R
A
a) Ve ta't ca cac scf do c6 the c6 va tinh R trong moi sd do. •
D2 R
b) Sd do nao CO hieu suat Idn nhat? Tinh hieu suat nay. î t
a) Cac sd do ;.i6V (D otv ^ ^
E,r E,r
Ta c6: 1,.,,,, = = | = 0,5A;
Ki) I,) Tinh hieu sua't
Hinh c Hinhd
T _ ^2diii _ 6 _ , . . 1, B R
mm - — 2dm - — - i^,
D Ta c6: Hieu suat: H = — , trong do: U la hieu dien the giOra hai cifc cua nguon.
P3
o
l3d„.= ; ? ^ = 7 = l,5A. V1 E = 24V = const nen H = H„„x khi U = Un^x-
Vi
0 U, + U , + UR 6 + 6+1,5.6 _
I Cach 3 CO hieu suat Idn nhat la: H = g = — = 0,875
=>
E,r
U i d m = Uadm = Uadii, = 6V. Chu y: Vdi each tinh tren thi ta xem cong cua dong dien san ra d mach ngoai la
Hinh a
Cach 1 (hinh a): [(D, // D 2 // D,) nt R]. Hldng CO ich, tiJc la bao ham ca cong san ra tren dien trd R. Neu chi xem cong
•.rtofl is (Ifsfrf; I i ' .
Ta c6: I = I , + I . + I3 = 0,5 + 1 + 1,5 = 3A. D,
san ra tren cac bong den la c6 ich thi:
UAB = E - I(R + r) 6 = 24 - 3(R + 2) •P^ .V, ,,. E 24
=>R = 4Q. r mi. Cho mach dien nhiT hinh ve: E = 28V, r = 2Q, den D,: 6V-3W, den D2:
Cach 2 (hinh b): [(D, // D 2 // D3) // R]. 12V-12W,denD3: I2V-3W,Rbla bientrd. .,
Ta c6: UAB - Ir 6 = 24 -1-2 P3
= E a) Co the dieu chinh bie'n trd de ba
4-
I = 9A. den sang binh thiTdng khong? Vi
IR = I - ( I , + 12 + 13) = 9 - 3 = 6A sao? '•-••••v;::'':,}M
R
^) Ma'c them R| vao mach. Tim gia 1
[ -B
tri Rb, vi tri va gia tri Ri de cdc " ^
R„
' , i.^ ,^.,„A?>. den sang binh thi/dng. ;
Hinh b
c) Ba den va dien trd R2 c6 the mac theo cdch khac vao AB de cac den sang
Cach 3 (hinh c): [(D, // D 2 ) nt D 3 nt R ] .
binh thudng. Tun Rb, vi tri va gia tri R2. So sanh hieu suaft ciia hai each mic.
Ta c6: 1 = 13= 1,5A; UAB = U , + U3 = 6 + 6 = 12V.
B a i giai
Mat khac: UAB = E - I ( R + r) D,
=> 12 = 24 - 1,5(R + 2) =^ R = 6Q. ^) Ba den c6 the sang binh thi/dng khong?
Cach 4 (hinh d): ([(D, // D 2 ) nt D3] // R } . Taco: I , = - = 0 , 5 A ; l 2 = — = l A ;

Ta c6: UAB = U , + U3 = 6 + 6 = 12V. 6 12
Mat khac: UAB = E - Ir o 12 = 24 - 1 . 2 I = 6A. I , = — = 0,25A. '

Rb
IR = I - I 3 = 6 - 1,5 = 4,5A: mTheo sd do 12thi I , = h + h- E,r
I 4,5 3
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B6i duSng hpc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11, t$p 1 - Mguyen Pliu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH Klijiig Viet
Theo gia t n dinh miJc thi I i I 2 + I 3 .

V a y : Khong c6 gia trj nao cua Rb de ca ba den sang binh thiTdng.
b) Gia trj R b , vj t r i va gia tri R i de cac den sang binii thiTdng
V i : I2 + I3 = 1,25 > I i = 0,5 => R , diTdc mSc song song vdi D , .
Ta c6: I = l2 + l 3 = 1,25 I, + = 1,25 => Ij^ = 1,25 - 0,5 = 0,75A m ^
U, 6
^ R, = = 8^
I, 0,75
va U A B = U , + U2 = 6 + 1 2 = 18V. 1—' Mat khde: P„ = U I = ( E - I r ) I = (48 - 31)1 = 481 - 3 l ' (2)

R, , T i r ( l ) v a ( 2 ) : 3 I ^ - 4 8 I + 3N = 0 » I ^ - 1 6 I + N = 0 (3)
M a t khac: UAB = E - I ( R b + r)
i va I = mid = 0,5m (4)
28-18
-2 =6Q
4- 11 — 1 f - Thay (4) vao (3) ta diTdc: (0,5m)^ - 16.0,5m + mn = 0
-r =
I 1,25 E,r Rb
o m(0,25m - 8 + n) = 0 o 0,25m - 8 + n = 0
\ . 1<
V a y : De cac den sang binh thiTdng thi Rb = 6Q; R , phai mac song song vdi D,
o m = 32-4n (*)
va R i = 8Q.
1 2 3 4
c) T i m R b , vj t r i va gia t n R2 de cac den sang binh thiTdng
m 28 24 20 16 12
- Ta thay: U i < U2 = U 3 va I2 I | + I3 nen chi c6 each mac duy nhaft de ca ba
- TCf bang ta tren tha'y c6 ta't ca 7 each mac va each mac gom 16 nhanh, m o i
den sang binh thiTdng la [ ( D , nt R2) // D2 // D 3 ] .
K h i d 6 : I = I , + I2 +13 = 1,75A; UAB = U2 = 12V. A nhanh 4 bong la c6 tdng so den nhieu nhat (64 bong).
Chu y : N e u chi can t i m so bong den nhieu nha't thi tiT phu-dng trinh (3):
Ma UAB = E - I ( R b + r )
I^ - 161 + N = 0 ta t i m d i e u k i e n nghiem: A > 0 o 8 ^ - N > 0 = > N < 6 4
28-18
-2 =7,14Q => N,„„x = 64 bong va I = 8A.
I 1,75
I 8 N 64
- M a t khac: = U o +U Ma I = ml,, => m = — = 16 (nhanh); n = — = - — = 4 (bong).
AB '1
B3
0,5 m 16
=>U^2 = U A B - U . = 12-6 = 6V
~ Cach mdc c6 cong sua't tieu hao trong nguon nho nhat?
+ Cong sua't t i e u hao trong nguon:
= \2Q. E,r N2 _ n nc^2
P = I^r c:> P = ( 0 , 5 m ) l 3 = 0.75m^ <=> m„„„
I, 0,5
+ T i r bang tren ta thay k h i ' i ! ..,„„„ = 4 thi n = 7.
V a y : De cac den sang binh thuTdng thi Rb = 7,14Q; R2 phai mac noi tiep v4
V a y : Cach mac g o m 4 day, m o i day 7 bong se c6 cong suat tieu hao trong
vaR2= 12Q.
nguon nho nha't: P,„i„ = 0,75.4^ = 12W.
10.23. Nguon E = 48V, r = 3 Q diTdc diing de thap sang binh thiTcJng cac de"
y : D e t i m mn,in ta cung c6 the bilt dau tif bieu thuTc (*): m = 32 - 4n.
giong nhau, tren m o i d6n c6 ghi 6 V - 3 W . H o i c6 bao nhieu each mac deC'
Eîû k i e n : m > 0 => 32 - 4n > 0 n < 7 (ne N * )
Cach m^c nao c6 so den nhieu nha't? Cach m^c nao c6 cong suat tieu ha"
=> m = m,„i„ (Jng v d i n,„ax = 7 => m = 32 - 4.7 = 4.
trong nguon nho nha't? T i n h gia tri nho nhat nay.
^'••24. N g u o n E = 36V, r = 4n diTdc dung de th^p sang 36 den giong nhau, mo
B a i giai
d6n3V-3W.
G o i N la tong so bong den; m la so' day; n la so bong tren m o i day.
Co bao nhieu each mKc de cong sua't tieu thu m o i den b i n g nhau?
Ta c6: mn = N (m,n € N ' )
^ i m each mic de cac den sang binh thU'dng.
- Cong suat mach ngoai: P „ = N P ^ = 3 N (1) (Pa. cong suat cua 1 den)
w
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Kha
B6i duSng hpc sinh gioi Vat ly 11. t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D6ng
... R,
c) T i m each mac de eong suaft tieu thu m o i den Ictn nhat. T i n h cong suat Ig (R^n + mn),„i„ khi Ron = mr => — =
n r (1)
nhaft nay va hieu sua't nguon i<hi do. '
B a i giai jvlat khac: mn = 36 (2)
a) So' each m^c de cong suat tieu thu m o i den bang nhau T t f ( l ) v a (2): n-6
Ta c6: Cong suat tieu thu ciia den: P = I^RD. 'R,
V i cac den gio'ng nhau nen de cong suat tieu thu m o i den bang nhau thi do
Vdir = 4,rD=3=> n = 6 J - * 6,9gN.
dien qua m o i den phai bang nhau.
- X e t trUdng hcJp cac den du'dc mê theo k i e u hon hdp do'i xiJng: G o i m la VI tri/dng hdp nay n khong phai la so' nguyen, nen ta chpn n nguyen Ian can
day, n la so bong tren m o i day, v d i : mn = 36 (m, n e N * ) gia tri 6,9 thoa man: mn = 36 n = 6 va m = 6.
3 12 18 36 36
Khi do: = = - A ^ P = ( - ) - . 3 = 2,204W .•Sir;
m 36 1 8 1 2 9 6 4 3 2 1 3.6 + 6.4 7 7
Tir bang tren ta tha'y c6 tat ca 9 each mac: (n = 1; m = 36); (n = 2; m = \gy V , X, U , Ir , , , 6 36 .
(n = 3; m = 12); (n = 4; m = 9); (n = 6; m = 6); (n = 9; m = 4); (n = 12; m = 3); jUeu suat cua nguon: H = — = 1 , vdi I = mid = 6. - = — A .
E E 7 7
( n = 1 8 ; m = 2 ) ; ( n = 3 6 ; m = 1).
36
Vay: Co 9 each mac cac den de cong suat tieu thu tren m o i den bang nhau. 1 • =_ 0,4286 = 42,86%
H= 1-
b) Cach mac de cac den sang binh thu'dng 36
- De den sang binh thu'dng thi dong dien qua m o i den phai bang dong dien Vay: Caeh' mac de cong suat tieu thu m o i den Idn nhat la mac 36 nguon
dinh mtfc Id,,, = l A . thanh 6 day, m o i day 6 den; cong suat Idn nhat la P„,ax - 2,204W va hieu sua't
Ta eo: Cong suat eiia mach ngoai: P„ = 36?,, = 36.3 = 108W. nguon khi do la H = 42,86%.
Mat khac: P„ = U I = ( E - I.r)I = (36 - 41)1 = 361 - 4f 10.25. Nguon dien E = 12V, r = 2Q. M a c h ngoai la cac den loai 3 V - 3 W mac hon
o 361 - 41^ = 108 o - 91 + 27 = 0 tap. Xac dinh so den va each mac den de chiing sang binh thu'dng.
- V I phi/dng trinh tren v6 nghiem nen khong c6 each mac nao de den sdng binh Bai îai
thirdng. Goi m la so'day, n la so'bong tren m o i day, tdng so'bong den la: ^ '
e) Caeh mac de cong suat tieu thu m o i den Idn nhat N = mn (m, n e N*)
- Cong suat tieu thu cua m o i den: P = I j R j . ~ Cong sua't mach ngoai: P„ = NPd = 3 N = 3mn (1) rt .
V i R, = const nen P = P,™, khi I,, ' ' ' ~ Mat khac: P„ = UnI = ( E - I r ) I = ( 1 2 - 2 1 ) 1 = 121-21^ (2)
T i r ( l ) va (2): 3mn = 121-21^ (3) ,wr.„„
- Ta c6: I . = — (I la dong dien qua mach chinh, la dong dien qua m o i den)
Ma: I = mld = m ^j,^^^. (4)
m
Thay (4) vao (3) ta diTdc:
M a t khac: 1 = , ( R w = ^ ) 12-3n
m ^'Tin= 1 2 m - 2 m ^ < = > 2 m = 1 2 - 3 n m =
E E
n 1 2 3
m
+ r
R^n + mr
Suy ra: Id,„ax k h i (Ron + mn),„in.

I m 4,5 3 1,5
y: So den la 6; each mac: 3 day, m o i day 2 den.
Nguon E = 24V, r = 1,5^ di/de dung de thap sdng binh thi/dng 12 den 3 V -
- Tir ba't dang thiJc C o - s i , t a c o : R ^ n + mr > ^ R ^ n .mr cimg v d i 6 den 6 V - 6 W .
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uui UUlJIiy'lUJL biiiii giui u<ji ly r i , L<l^J i - niguygii rMu-pprrg- Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViQ'
a) T i m each mSc den. 18 18m 18m 3m

=> 1 =
b) Tinh cong sua'l va hieu sua't cua nguon. 6m+3n 6m^+3mn 6m-+3.12 m^+6
B a i giai
a) Cach mKc den
V i 6 den 6 V - 6 W tiTdng di/dng vdi 12 den 3 V - 3 W nen coi nhu" c6 tat ca 2 [Cong sua't tieu thu tren R: P = RI^ = 6.( f = 6.
m^+6 6
den3V-3W. ^ m +—
m )
Goi m la so day, n la so nguon tren moi day (mn = 24).
- Cong suat mach ngoai: Pn = 24.3 = 72W (1) De P = Pn,.x thi (m+ —) . m = —
m m
- M a t khac: ?„ = U I = (E - Ir)I = (24-1,51)1 = 241-1,51^ (2)
, V I m nguyen nen: m = 2 = > n = 6 ; m = 3 = > n = 4.
; o 1,5I^-24I + 72 = 0 = > I = 1 2 A h o a c I = 4A. » i^r*
+ V d i m = 2 = ^ P , „ „ = 2,16W.
" l 2 = m.l
- M a : I = mld O m = 12; m = 4. + V d i m = 3=^P,„ax = 2,16W.
4 = m.l
Vay: D e cong sua't tieu thu tren R c\ic dai thi phai mac nguon thanh 2 hoac 3
24 day va P„,„ = 2,16W.
* V d i m = 12 day n= = 2 bong: Tru'dng hdp nay chi c6 1 each mac duy
j p C a c h mac de cong sua't tieu hao ciia moi nguon nho nha't
nhat la tren moi day chi c6 1 bong 6 V - 6 W hoac 2 bong 3 V - 3 W . _ Cong sua't tieu hao cua moi nguon: ..nhugo Bl*
24
* V d i m = 4 day n= bong: Tru'dng hcfp nay tfng vdi 5 each m^c (bang
= 3 ( - ^ ) ^ P' = P„. khi ( m ' + 6)„,„,
m
each hoan vi giOra cac bong loai 3V - 3W va 6V - 6W).
Vay: Co tat ca 6 each mac de cac den tren sang binh thi/Sng. Ma mn = 12 = 0 m,„,,x = 12 va n„,in = 1-
b) Cong sua't va hieu suat cua nguon Vay: D e cong sua't tieu hao cua moi nguon nho nha't thi phai m^c nguon
thanh 12 day va: ; j jj
- V d i m = 1 2 = > P = E I = 24.12 = 288W va H = - = — = 0 , 2 5 = 2 5 % .
E 24 P,nin =3.( ' f = 1,2.10'-^W = 0,0012W
12^+6
- V d i m = 4 ^ P = E I = 24.4 = 96W va H = - = — = 0,75 = 7 5 % .
10.28. Cac nguon giong nhau, moi nguon Eo = 1,5V, ro = 1,5Q mic thanh bo doi
E 24
^xu-ng thap sang binh thUdng den 12V - 18W.
Vay: Cong sua't va hieu sua't ciia nguon la 288W; 25% hoSc 96W; 75%.
1m each mdc nguon.
10.27. Co 12 nguon, moi nguon Eo = 1,5V, ro = 3Q. Cac nguon m^c thanh bo
^) Cach mac nao c6 so nguon it nha't. Tinh cong sua't va hieu sua't moi nguon luc
nguon doi xiirng roi noi vdi dien trd R = 6Q.
ido.
a) T i m each mdc nguon de cong sua't tieu thu cua R Idn nha't. Tinh cong sua'l XA)
b) T i m each mdc de cong sua't tieu hao cua moi nguon nho nha't. Tinh cong suat n ' ' ' B a i giai
B a i giai Goi m la so day, n la so nguon tren moi day (m, n e N * ) .
Goi m la so' day, n la so' nguon tren moi day, ta c6: mn = 12. l,5n
va Eb = nEo= l , 5 n ; r b = =
- c 1 c nr^ 3n m m
• va Eb = nEo = 1,5n; tb = — = — .
m m
12^
a) Cdch in^c nguon de cong sua't tieu thu cua R Idn nha't ^ B i e n trd cua den: Ra = = — = 8Q.
8
E. in _ 1,5nm
'~ Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach c'.inh: I =
R + r, 3n ~ 6m + 3n Cirdng do dong dien dinh mufc cua den: Id = = ^ = 1,5A
6 +
m
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B6i duSng hpc sinh gidi V$t ly 11. tap 1 - Nguygn Phu S6ng
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi«t
a) Cach m^c nguon

90"
^ Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai: P = RI" =
Ta c6: Eb = Ud + Ifb <=> l , 5 n = 1 2 + 1 , 5 . — i , 5 n . ( l - — ) = 12
m it
3 24
]f. 0.{2 )+ - ^ . Xi , if ,
pe P = Pnmx thi (m+ — ) „,in <=> m = 6 (diTa vao bat dang thOfc C o - s i ) .
2-1 2-1
90'
'.< m M m Luc do: n = l O v a P = P,,,,,^ = = 56,25W. lUu Vi)b
V i m , n la so nguyen dUdng nen (2m - 3) la iTdc cua 24, m ^ (2m - 3) la so

6
m = 2 n = 32
nen (2m - 3) c6 the bhng 1 hoac 3: o Vay: K h i cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai Idn nha't thi m = 6; n = 10 va P,„„ =
m = 3 n=16
56,25W.
V a y : De den sang binh thu'dng, ta can 64 nguon mac thanh 2 day hoac 48
90
nguon mac thanh 3 day. M Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai: P = —— .
b) Cach mic c6 so' nguon it nhat , 36 ^2
(m+^ r
- Theo cau a) thi each mac thanh 3 day, moi day 16 nguon la each c6 so nguon
90 m
36
it nhat: 48 nguon. - ' • ' • • '' De P > 36W o > 36 <=> m + — < 15
36,2 m
(m+' )
- Cong suat cua m o i nguon: P = E j , . ^ = 1 , 5 . ^ = 0,75 W. m
o m ^ - 1 5 m + 36 < 0 =>3 < m < 12.
P' ' ^ 0 ^ r I 15 15 * m 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- H i e u suat ciia nguon: H = — = — ^ = - 5 - = l j ± l r i = o,5 = 5 0 % . 60 15 20 60
P P I 3Eo 3.1,5 n 20 15 12 10 6 5
7 2 3 11
^"-3
Vay: De P > 36W thi m = 3. 4, 5, 6, 10, 12 va n = 20, 15, 12, 10, 6, 5: 6
V a y : Cong suat va hieu sua't cua moi nguon urng v d i each m i c c6 so' nguon it
t r u i n g hdp. • (..^frf ubiHi ffis a*.'
nhat la 0,75W va 507o.
IfiM. Co mot so nguon, moi nguon e = 4.5V, r = 3Q.
10.29. Co N = 60 nguon dien giong nhau, moi nguon E = 1,5V, r = 0,6Q ghep
a) Phai mdc noi tiep bao nhieu nguon de lha'p sang binh thudng hai den loai
thanh bp gom m day song song, moi day n nguon noi tiep. M a c h ngoai la
120V-60W iTicIc song song.
dien trd R=\Q. Tinh m, n de:
b) Dung 60 nguon tren mac thanh bp, mach ngoai la day dan p = 1,26.10 'Qm,
a) Cong sua't tieu thu mach ngoai Idn nha't. Tinh cong sua't nay.
/ = 2m, S = 0 , ! m m l r i m sd do mac nguon de dong dien qua day Idn hdn 1 A .
b) Cong suat tieu thu mach ngoai khong nho hdn 36W.
B a i glai Hiii îui
G o i m la so day, n 1^ so' nguon tren moi day: mn = 60 (m, n e N*). ^) So nguon can mac noi tiep de thdp sang binh thqdng hai den loai 120V-60W
va Eb = nE = l,5n; Fb = — = .
mile song song
m m • m ,„, , d p i n la so' nguon can mac noi tiep, ta c6: Eb = ne = 4,5n; rb = nr = 3n.
Ci/cJng dp d6ng dien qua mach chinh:
Cu-dng do dong dien qua den: I = =r — = 0,5 A .
1= ^ l,5n ^ l,5mn ^ 90 _ 90m _ 90_
Uj,„ 120 dnulûu
R + r, j ^ O ^ m + 0,6n^ " ^ , 0.6.60 " m ^ + 3 6 " ^ ,
Cudng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: 1 = 2I.t = 2.0,5 = 1 A . , •
m m m
Hieu dien the 2 dau cua den: U , = Eb - fbl o l 2 0 = 4,5n - 3n = l,5n => n = 80
341
Bfii du3ng hpc sinh gidi Vjt ly 11. tjp 1 - Nguygn Phu Dflng Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vigt
Vay: Can 80 nguon mac noi liep de thap sang binh thU'dng hai den tren.bjs^ Vi T i la so' nguyen nen (6n - 4) phai la vide so' cua 4 n = 1 va m = 3.
do mac nguon de dong dien qua day Idn hdn 1A Yay: Co 3 nguon mac noi liepnhau. ^ , ,, , . , ,
Goi m la so day, n la so nguon tren moi day, ta c6: mn = 60 (m, n s N*). Q32- BO nguon gom m day, moi day 5 acquy loai 2V-0,8Q. Mach ngoai la
nr 3n l,6ng den 2V-25W va dien trd R mSc song song.
va Eb = ne = 4,5n; rb =
m m f i m gia tri nho nhat cua m va gia trj R tirdng uTng de den sang binh thiTdng.
Bai îai
Dien trcTcua day dan: R = p -!_ = 1,26.10"^.
S 0,1.10 -6 5.0,8 4
Tac6:Eb = 5.2= 10V;rb:
Cu'dng do dong dien qua day dan: m m
270 p 25 VW^*^
4,5n 4,5m.n Ci/cJng do d5ng dien qua den: Iî = — — = — = 12,5 A. ,
R + r^ 25 2 + ' ^ " 25,2m+ 3n 25,2m + 3n
m U2 ^2
270 270m Dien trd cua den: R,, - -f^- = — = 0,16Q . ri ,

o 1=
25,2mf3.^° 25,2m^l80
m Cu'dng dp dong dien qua dien trd R: IR = = —.
R R
De dong dien qua day Idn hdn 1 A: I = >| 2
25,2m2 + 180 Cu'dng do dong dien qua mach chinh: I = III + IR = 12,5+ —. ' (;,
<=> 25,2m--270m+180<0 =:-0,714<m< 10. R
Hieu dien the hai dau cua nguon: IJ = U,i = Eb-rbl. ,,,
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
o 2 - 10-—.(12,5 + - ) o 2m = 12,5+-
60 60 60 m R R
n 60 30 20 15 12 10
7 8 9 2
Vay: De I > 1A liii m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; n = 60, 30, 20, 15, 12, 10: c6 6 cachTmac VI m nguyen nen (12,5 + —) phai chia het cho 2. Vdi m nho nhat thl
10.31, Can to'i thieu bao nhieu nguon 6V-1Q de mac thanh bo va tha'p sang binh
R
thu-dng bong den 6V-24W. Neu each ma'c bo nguon nay.
Bai giui (12,5 + - | ) nho nhat: 12,5 + - | = 14 m = 7 va R = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ =
- Ta c6: I„ = = ^4 ^ ^ 6;^ ^ ^ 4
U .(till
.. 6 P,.,, 24 Vay: De den sang binh thu'dng thl gia trj nho nha't ciia m la 7 va R = - Q .
dm
10.33. Co 32 pin giong nhau, moi pin e = 1,5V, r„ = 1,5Q mac thanh bo va thSp sang
Gpi m la so'day, n la so'nguon tren moi day, ta c6:
binh thU'dng 12 den loai 1,5V - 0,75W mac noi tiep. Tim sd do mac bo nguon.
mr _ m
Eb - mE = 6m; rb = Bai |>iai ,
n n
Goi m la so' day, n la so' nguon tren moi day, la c6: mn = 32. ;
E. 6m
- Mat khac: I = — ^ - vaEb = n e = l , 5 n ; r b = ^ = - ^
m m m j ,
1,5 +
- De den sang binh thi/dng thi I = Ij = 4A. Cirdng do dong dien qua den: I , = = ^ = 0,5 A.
o 4 = — — — <=> 4m + 6n = 6mn z:c> m = 1 + ^ ^dm ''-^

m 6n-4
1,5 +
Dien trd cua m6i den: R^=-^ = -^=m.
343
Bfli du9ng hpc sinh gidi Vgt ly 11, t j p 1 - Nguygn Phu D i n g Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigi
H i e u d i e n t h e ' 2 d a u c u a bo n g u o n : U = E h - r b l
• p i e n trcf c u a d e n : Rî = =:4Q.
<=> 1 2 . 1 , 5 = l , 5 n - — . 0 , 5 c i > 1 8 m = 1,5m.n - 0 , 7 5 n dm
G p i m la so d a y , n la so d e n t r e n m o i d a y . ta c 6 :
, o l8m + 0,75n-48 = 0 o 18m + 0,75 — - 4 8 = 0 ' ' + H i e u d i e n the' 2 d a u bo d e n : U = n.4 = 4 n .
+ Ci/dng d o d o n g d i e n qua b p d e n : I = I . m = m .
o 1 8 m ' - 4 8 m + 24 = 0 m = 2; m = - (loai). 4n
+ D i e n t r d tifcfng du'dng c u a b o d e n : R = — .
V a y : P h a i m ^ c n g u o n t h a n h 2 d a y , m 6 i d a y 16 p i n . ' " m
10.34. C o n a c q u y (e = 8 V , r,, = 2 Q ) ma'c t h a n h y d a y s o n g s o n g , m o i d a y x q , - - i , U = Eb - Tbl <=> 4 n = 32 - 8 m c:> n = 8 - 2 m .
no'i tic'p. V i m , n n g u y e n du'dng n e n (8 - 2 m ) > 0 => m < 4.
m 1 2 3
a) M a c h n g o a i la R = 2 Q n o i t i e p \ d i dc-n I 2 V - 2 4 W . T i n h so a c q u y it nhat v.
n 6 4 2
e a c h m a c de d e n s a n g b l n h thu'etng.
N - mn 6 8 6
b) M a c h n g o a i la cac d e n 4 V - - 4 W , bo a c q u y m a c n h u - c a u a. T i m so d e n toi da
V a y : So d e n to'i da la 8 va du'dc m a c t h i i n h 2 d a y , m o i d a y 4 dbn.
va e a c h m d c d e c h u n g s a n g b i n h thu-dns:. . -
10.35. C o m o t so d e n 3 V - 3 W va m o t so n g u o n e = 4 V , TQ = I Q .
M IJai iiiai
a) C h o 8 d e n , t i m so n g u o n it nhat va e a c h m a c d e n , n g u o n d e d e n s a n g b i n h
T a c o : Eb = x e = 8 x ; rb = — = —; v d i x y - n : l o n g so a c q u y . # thu-dng. C a c h n a o c6 I d i nhd't?
y y b) C h o 15 n g u o n , t i m so' d e n n h i e u nhat va e a c h m a c d e n , n g u o n d e d e n s a n g
a) So a c q u y it nha't va e a c h ma'c d e d e n sang b i n h thiTdng b l n h thufdng. C a c h n a o CO I d i n h a t ? i t n
C i r d n g d o d o n g d i e n q u a d e n : I,, = — ^ = — = 2 A.
a) So n g u o n it nha't va e a c h mc^c d e n , n g u o n de d e n s a n g b l n h thu'dng
<- • • 7 • i'. %
G o i X la so d a y , y la so d e n t r e n m o i d a y : x y = 8; g p i m la so d a y , n la so
19-
D i e n trd cua d e n : R , , = = 1 ^ ^ 6Q . nguon tren m o i day: mn = k.
P 24
' dill
P 3
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n t r o n g m a c h c h i n h : .H Cu'dng d p d o n g d i e n d j n h m i l e c u a d e n : = — ^ = - = 1 A.
U dm
t^h 8x 8x , 2x ^ 2
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n t r o n g m a c h : I = xl^t = x.
~ VT^ ^ T~ = = o4x = 8+— =^ x = 2 + — -
i ^^^^^'^ 2+6+-^ 8 + 2^ y 2y-l n.r n
H i e u d i e n t h e h a i d a u b o d e n : U = y U t = 3y va Eb = ne = 4 n ; rb = — = —
y y m m
V i X la so n g u y e n n e n { 2 y - l ) la iTdc so c u a 2: , U;.
'2y - 1 = 1 Ta c 6 : Eb = U + rbl o 4 n = 3y + — . x <=> 4 m n = 3 m y + nx
^ 2 y - l = 2 "^^"''^"'"^^^''•'^ 1:Vi:
m
3 m y + nx > 2-y/3iTiy.nx = 2\/24m.n => 4 m n > 2\/24mn => m n > 6

Vdti y = 1 = > X = 4 v a n = 4. j^,
12
V a y : C a n it n h a t 4 a c q u y ma'c n o i t i e p d e d e n sang b i n h thi/dng. Tir do: k = k,i,in = 6 k h i 3my = nx = = = 12 n =
b) So d e n t o i da va e a c h m d c de c h i i n g sang b l n h thu'dng
X 1 2 4 8
Cu'dng d o d o n g d i e n c u a d e n : I,, = — ^ = - = ] A y 8 4 2 1
n 12 6 3 /
, ,,,, ,, „. , ,,, ,, tr«h i'lffi f.)",' o j .
m 0,5 1 2 /
344 ' • • 345
Bdi duang hpc sinh gi6i Vjt ly 11, tap 1 - Nguyin Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
Vay; den sang binh thU'dng, ta c6 the mac: I liai f»iai 1

+ Mot day 6 nguon va 2 day den. , Qg\ la so day, y la so den tren moi day, ta c6: xy = 6; goi m la so day, n la
+ Hai day, m6i day 3 nguon va 4 day, moi day 2 dhn. , nguon tren moi day, ta eo: mn = k. -. , ... • •
Hieu suat trong 2 tru'dng hcfp: t .^
riTdng <39 dong dien dinh mure eua den: 1^ =
30
4n 4.6 .
Qiidng do dong dien trong mach: I = x.I^, = x.
3^
= 0,5 = 507c j^jgu dien the hai dau bp den: U = y.Ud = 30y.
4n 4.3:
,Ê, = n e = 1 2 n ; r b = - = -
Vay: Hieu suat trong 2 each la nhif nhau. m m
b) So den nhieu nha't va each mac den nguon de den sang binh thiTdng 2n
Ta c6: Eb = U + Tbl o 12n = 30y+ — . x
TiTdng tif cau tren, ta eo: 4mn = 3my + nx
m
o 3my + nx > 273mynx =273.15xy = 2745xy
O 12mn = 30my + 2nx o n(6m - x) = 15my
o 4mn > l^JASxy o 4.15 > 2745xy -r- •••./.fi^^. f^.i:,
=> n = ]5my 15y r
f|ji.p:>L = xy <20 =>L„,„, = 20 >iH|.,fi5i:<
6m - x 6-A
m
Liic do: 3my = nx = 4m n
4.15 30 15
= 30 => X = — .
Tru'dng hdp 1: X = 6, y = 1 n =j
2 6-A
n 1 3 5 15
m 15 5 3 1
Vi n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la iTdc so ciia 15.
X 30 10 6 2
m
y / 2 / 10 6
6- — 15 5 3 1
m
+ 1 day 15 nguon va 2 day, moi day 10 den m / 6 2 /
+ 5 day, moi day 3 nguon va 10 day, moi day 2 den. / 3 5 /
n
Hieu sua't trong hai tru'dng hdp: 30 -1'
U, 3y 30 Tru'dng hdp 2: x = 3, y = 2 => n =

_ ^1 _
H, =
4n 4.15
= 0,5 = 50%:; 1 6-A .1 ,f
m
= 0,5 = 5.0% Vi n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la u'dc so ciia 30.

' 4n 4.3 ' T' ^
Vay: Hieu sua't trong 2 each la nhiT nhau.
6-1 30 15 5 3 2 1
10.36. Cac nguon 12V - 2Q mac thanh bo, dung de thap sang binh thirdng 6 de m
m / / 3 1 / /
30V-30W.
n / / 6 10 / /
- Neu cdc cdch mic nguon va den.
- Cach nao silr dung it nguon nha't ? 45
rrirdng hdp 3: X = 2, y = 3 => n =
- Cdch nao c6 hieu suait cao nhat ? i -*« <* »; i 6-A
m
346 347
B6i dddng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. t§p 1 - Mguygn Phu D6ng
,. Nguon
1 cong sua't khong doi P = 12kW, dien trd trong r = 2Q cung ca'p dien
Vi n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la iTdc so cua 45.
m ^ho mot so den giong nhau 120V - 50W mac song song, dien trd diTcJng day
, 2 tai la 4 n .
6 45 15 9 5 3
m §6 den la bao nhieu de cong sua't tieu thu moi den chenh lech khong qua 4%
m / / / 2 / c6ng sua't dinh mu'c.
n / / / 15 / Vdi so' den tren, sua't dien dpng cua nguon thay do'i trong khoang nao ?
Bai giai
90
TrUdng hdp 4:x = l , y = 6=> n =
Gpi m la so'den mac song song. '-^ "
6-1 Ta c6: Cong sua't cua nguon bhng tdng cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai va
m
cong sua't hao phi d trong nguon: ^> . i 1, • ^
VI n nguyen nen (6 ) phai la iTdc so cua 90. P„ = mP, + IXR + r) (1) ; .^.j
m .
6.-L 90 45 30 18 15 9 6 3 2
vdi: I = m l , i ^ P„ = m P . + m ^ - ^ ( R + r) o 12000 = m P . + m ^ - ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^
m ., , . 288
m / / / / / / / / /
^.m^+Pj.m-12000 = 0 (2)
n / / / / / / / / /
h cong suat tieu thu ciia moi den chenh lech khong qua 4%> cong sua't dinh
+ Cach 1: Mac 6 day, moi day 1 den; mdc 6 day, moi day 3 nguon. mure nen:-(50-0,04.50) < Pj < (50 + 0,04.50) o 48 < < 52
+ Cach 2: MSc 6 day, moi day 1 den; mac 2 day, moi day 5 nguon. + Thay P,, = 48Wvao (2), tadu'dc:m^ + 4 8 m - 1 2 0 0 0 = 0
+ Cach 3: Mac 3 day, moi day 1 den; mSc 3 day, moi day 6 nguon. => mi = 88,14; m2 =-136,14 < 0 ( l o a i )
+ Cach 4: Mac 3 day, moi day 2 den; mdc 1 day, moi day 10 nguon.
+ Cach 5: Mdc 2 day, moi day 3 den; mic 2 day, moi day 15 nguon. + Thay P., = 52W vao (2), ta diTdc: ^ + 52m - 12000 = 0
TCf ket qua tren ta thay: Cach 2 va each 4 su" dung it nguon nha't la 10 nguon.
I m; = 83,9; m^ =-131,9 < 0 ( l o a i ) >| • A1 =
Tinh hieu suat: Ta c6: H = - = ^ . H => 83,9 < m < 88,14
E )2n
% m nguyen nen m = 84, 85, 86, 87, 88. ' ' '
30.1
+ Cach 1: Hj = = 0,83 = 83%. Vay: De cong sua't tieu thu moi den chenh lech khong qud 4% cong sua't dinh
12.3
mu'c thi m = 84, 85, 86, 87, 88.
30.1
+ Cach 2: = = 0,5 = 50%. ^) Sua't dien dong cua nguon thay ddi trong khoang nô? ^•
12.5
+ Cach 3: H 3 =
30.2
= 0,67 = 67%. Ta c6: P„g = E I = ^ E = ^VV^, vdi RN = R + ^ . '
15.6
30.2 288
+ Cach 4: = = 0,4 = 40%. 1 2 0 0 0 . ( 4 + ^ + 2 ) « 336,4V.
15.10 ^^ydim = 8 4 = : > R ^ = 4 + — = : > E = ^
30.3 288
+ Cach 5: = = 0,4 = 40%. -^dx m = 88 R . = 4 + ^ =^ E = , 12000.(4 + ^ + 2) « 333.6 V.
15.15 Tl. 88 V 88 '
Vay: Cach c6 hieu sua't cao nhat la each 1. ^Viy : Sua't dien dong ciia ngu6n thay ddi trong khoang: 333,6V < E < 336,4V .
I 349
10.38. Dung mot acquy Ian lu'dt Ihip sang cho hai den D|, D2 c6 cting cong s^, p, „ p;
dinh mUc. K h i dung den D i , cong suat cua acquy la P| = 6 W ; k h i diing ,3^ K h i do: P„„x = —
4r , v d i E = - L P„.^^ = 4 l f r
D2, cong sua't cua acquy la P2 = 4W. Trong ca hai truTdng hdp den deu
g2
binh thiTcJng. , „ , . . , „ ! , ,,,, i„. , ' ^ TCr (4) d cau a, ta c6: i f r = P, - Pd = 6 - 2,4 = 3,6W P„„, = - _ = 2,5W
4.3,6
a) T u n cong suat dinh rniJc m o i den.
Vay: Cong suat Ictn nhat ma acquy c6 the cung ca'p cho mach ngoai la Pnîx = 2,5W
b) T i m cong sua't Idn nha't ma acquy c6 the cung cap cho mach ngoai.
10.39. Cho mach dien nhiThinh v e : r i = r2 = 0.
B a i giai
Khi khong c6 nguon E2 (R2 song song R 3 )
, G p i R|, R2 Ian lufdt la dien trd cua den 1 va den 2; I|, I2 Ian liTdt la dong dj^^^
cong sua't nguon E| la 55W. Con khi khong
ji^y dinh mufc cua den 1 va den 2; r la dien trd trong cua acquy.
CO nguon Ei (Ri song song R 3 ) thi cong sua't
- T a c o : P, = P,, + i f r (1)
nguon E2 la 176W. B i c t R2 = 2R,, R,, = SR,.
P2 = P d + I ^ r (2)
H o i khi CO ca hai nguon thi cong sua't nhiet
tren toan mach la bao nhieu? cong suat
- M a t k h a c : I^R, = I^R2 ^ll=l^^^.
R2 may phat la bao nhieu? So sanh gia tri hai
cong sua't nay va giai thich tai sao chung
- Thay vao (2), ta dMc: P. = Pd + i f r . — i - (3) bang nhau (hoac khac nhau).
R2
Bai giai
- T i r ( l ) s u y r a : i f r = P, - Pd (4)
^ ^ i ^ i khong CO nguon E2, mach ngoai gom [ R | nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Cong sua't nguon Ei
- Thay vao (3), ta 6MC: PJ = Pd + (Pi - Pd) — "1

P. = E , I , = oP,=
^2 R,R, 2R,.3R"
R,+ '
' R2+R1 ' 5R,
• o 4 = Pd + ( 6 - P d ) | ^ o 4 = Pd + 6 - ^ - P d : ^ : ^ P d = E1
=>P, = =_ 55 (1)
2,2R,
R2 khong CO nguon E,, mach ngoai g o m [R, nt (R2 // R 3 ) ] : Cong sua't nguon E2
- M a t k h a c : I^R, = I^R2 o ( ^ ) ^ R i =( — ^^2 " E

P2 = E2I2 = OP2 =
R.R, R,.3R,
2R,+ '
' 4R,
R, P,' 4' 4 "^-^Q
=^ = ^ = — = - =>Pd= ^ = 2,4W.
R2 P,^ 6^ 9 ,_4 ' ^2 ..Li
= 176 (2)*
P2 =
9 2,75R,
V a y : Cong suat dinh mufc cua moi den la Pj = 2,4W. E] _ 176.2.75

L a ' y ( 2 ) : ( l ) , ta diTdc: = 4 E , = 2EJ (3)"
b) Cong sua't Idfn nha't ma acquy c6 the cung cap cho mach ngoî 55.2,2
E
- Cong sua't cua acquy: P = U I = (E - Ir)I = E I - r l l
- K h i c6 ca 2 nguon, gia su' dong dien trong mach c6 chieu nhiT hinh ve:
r + R^ (T + R^f r + R^ (r + R ^ ) ' (r + R N ^ i Ta c6: I (4)

R.
=> P = Pmax <=> r = R N ( R N la (Jien trd mach ngoai)
351
350 V •:,,-••„>•::•;,;••
de 11:
DONG DIEN TRONG C A C M 6 | TRl/dNG
I -ILlB (6) r
' ~ R3
. fdn T A T K I E N THCTC ^
ma : I | + l : = l3<::>^'"'"'^'U^'^ I pong di^n trong kim loî

R. R, J, Ban chS't: Dong dien trong kim loai Id dong
1 1 1 E, E, chuyen ddi c6 hiTdng cua cac electron ngUdc
)= + o U AB-
R, R, R, R| R. 6R, R, 2R, R, chieu dien trU'cfng ngoai.
2. D^cdie'm:
+ Hat tai dien trong kim loai la Electron.
• mm + Dong dien trong kim loai tuan theo dinh luat 6m (I = — ) .

Thay (7) vao (4), (5), (6), ta diTdc: I , = " R
R 1IR,
+ Dien trd cua kim loai phu thupc vao nhiet do theo cong thuTc: j, y,
12 12 R = Ro(l + at)hoac p = Po(l + at). • »
E,
II, Dong di$n trong chSt di$n phSn
2R, IIR, ' ' 3R, 11R,
1. Ban cha't: Dong didn trong cha't dien phan la
Cong suat nhiet tren toan mach: P = R| + R 2 + R.i dong chuyen dcJi c6 hxidng cua cac cation (ion
72 du'dng) cung chieu dien triTcJng va cdc anion (ion
+—) am), electron ngU'pc chieu dien tru"cJng.
121R 121R 121Rf Ri 121 121 121
2. Dac diem:
_ E;^ 99 + Hat tai dien trong chat dien phan la ion diTdng, ion am vd dlectron.
P=
R, 121 + Dong dien trong chat dien phan tuan theo dinh luat 6m (I = — ) . „
R
Tir(2),tac6: = 121 => P = 1 2 1 . — = 9 9 W . + Dien trd cua chat dien phan giam khi nhiet do cHS't dien phan tdng va
Rl 121
ngu'dc lai. ' < "
Cong suat cua may phat: P2 = E2I2 = 2 E , . — = — = —.121 = 1l o w . 3. Djnh luSt Faraday: Kh6'i lU'dng cua chS't thodt ra cl didn ciTc dUdc xdc
1 R, 11 R, 11 1 A
Ta thay I , < 0 nen phai doi chieu dong I , , vay nguon E , \h mdy thu, E2 \k may dinh b^ng cong thuTc: m = — . — . I t
I
F n
phdt. Do do 2 gia trj cong suat nay khac nhau.
(F = 96500 C/mol Id h^ng so Faraday; A, n Id nguyen tuf khdi vd h6a tri
Vay: Khi c6 ca hai nguon thi cong sua't nhiet tren toan mach la P = 99W;
ua cha't thodt ra; I , t la. cirdng do dong dien vd thdi gian ddng di?n qua
cong sua't may phat la P2 = 1 l o w .
H ifong
chatdi$n
dientror;^
phan).chat ban d§n
I' Ban d§n tinh khiS't: Dong dien trong chat bdn dan tinh khiet la ddng
chuyen dcfi c6 hu'dng cija cdc electron ngi/dc chieu dien tru'dng va cac lo
trong cung chieu dien truing. p,?}?; 'i- ? ;
^53
B6i du9ng hpc sinh gi6i V$t ly 11. t§p 1 - NguySn Phu D6ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t
Bai giai
2. B a n d a n t a p c h a t :
Gpi: m la khoi lutJng k i m l o a i , V la thi tich khoi k i m l o a i , i
- Ban dSn loai n: Trong ban dan loai n, elecron la hat tai dien chu yeu
i|p la khoi li/dng rieng cua k i m l o a i . \
16 trong la hat tai dien khong chu ye'u (ne » n+).
la nguyen tiir lu'dng cua k i m loai, ^ i' ' ' . '
- B i n dan loai p: Trong ban dan loai p, lo trong la hat tai dien chii ye'u
la so' electron tu" do chila trong khoi k i m loai.
elecron la hat tai dien khong chu yeu ( n + » He). < jjit^!*
N ' . :
- Cac dung cu ban dan thu'dng gap la diot ban dan va tranzito. Iât do electron tif do trong k i m l o a i : UQ = — . ^l/ri - r
B . NHONG C H U Y K H I G I A I B A I T A P
/. Khi îdi cac bdi tap ve dong di^n tr()nf> kim loai can chii y cac he thi?c VI moi nguyen tuf k i m loai giai phong n electron t\i do nen: N = n . N . —
chuyen dong c6 hU'dng cua cac electron trong k i m loai v d i cac dai liTctng khac ^ A
n.N..m ^ m N..n.D '
nhiT: D o d o : n„ = vdi D = - ^ n^ =
N N _ _N_
#
+ M a t do e: no = ( N la so e trong the tich V ) .
SI ~ Sv.At , Mat do electron tU' do cua nhom:
V
J i '
nN^D ,23 o 2,7
6,02.10^\3.
hay no = n N ' = n . N ,A-. " m -6 r i.
^ AV A no = — — = 1,8.10^^ (electron/m^). ^
(n, A la hoa tri va nguyen tuT kho'i cua k i m l o a i ; N A la so' Avogadro; D la 11.2. Do lu\ dong cua cac electron tu" do trong mot k i m loai dUdc djnh nghla nhU'
kho'i lu'dng rieng cQa k i m loai).
sau: v = nE
D i e n tich truyen qua tiet dien thang ciia day dan trong thcJi gian t:
( V : van to'c trung binh cua cdc electron tiT do; E: do Idn cUdng do dien triTdng
Aq = I.At = N e . At = noS v. At.e
trong k i m loai).
D p luti dong cua cac e:
Hay thiet lap bieu thuTc cua n theo cac dai lu'dng sau: '
v _ . , ( v a i E = H = £ ) .
~ I II I
^ E nnSeE
•0^^"" nQSeU n.SeR d / Ho: mat do cua electron tuf do. afS ftft
2. Khi gidi cac bdi tap ve dong di^n trong chat di$n phdn can chu y : e: dien tich nguyen to. /: chieu dai cua day dan k i m loai.
+ Sur dung diing cong thiJc cua dinh luat Faraday, nhd k h i F = 96500 C/mol S: dien tich cua tiet dien day k i m loai.
thi m tinh bang gam (g), t tinh b^ng giay (s). R: dien trd cua day.
+ K e t hdp v d i cac cong thiJc khac nhuT: m = D V (cha't r ^ n ) ; Bai giai >,
V(/) _ V
aa c 6 : v = Ê=>(4.= —. .; -
m = . (dktc: chat k h i , n la phan tuf khoi cua k h i thoat ra);
22,4 E
X e t trong khoang thdi gian A t , cac electron tiT do truyen qua tiet dien S diTdc
P2V2 m
PV = — R T , T ( K ) = t(°C) + 273 (chat khi)...
chiJa trong hinh tru day S, dUdng cao AS = v . A t . |
1, 12 F
D i e n tich truyen qua tie't dien S trong khoang thdi gian At l a : f,| i;
+ D d n v i : l a t m = l , 0 1 3 . 1 0 ¥ a ; H = 1000ml...
C . CAC B A I T A P v i DOPJQ D I $ N T R O N G c A c M 6 I TRUdNQ Aq = Ne = n^Ve = n^-SvAte ,i : ^ , j'- :
I. D 6 N G DICN TRONG K I M LOAI irdng do dong dien l a : I = = n^Sv-e => v = — ^ — > u .

I I . 1. M o t day nhom c6 nguyen t\! khoi la 27 va k h d i liTdng rieng 2,7g/cm\ At n^Se
trd suat 3,44.10~^Qm. B i e t nhom c6 hoa tri 3 va thifa nhan mSi nguy^"
0 liTu dong: H = = — v d i E = ^ = y , R = Y . ^ ,,;f ft.
nhom giai phong 3 electron tiT do, hay tinh mat dp electron tiT do cua nh^r" E n^SeE d / I -
355
B6i diiBng hpc sinh gi6i vat ly 11, tjip 1 - Nguygn Phu D6n9 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang yi§t
1/
= = /
noSeU n^SeR nêSR
^ ~ rioSeU npSeR
RS
Vay: Bieu thiJc cua \i = Ia:R = p - ^
UocSR
1
11.3. Dong c6 nguyen tuT khoi 63,5, khoi liTdng rieng 8,9g/cm^ va dien trd = 4,6.10"'(SI)
^-19
nêp 8,44.10^ll,6.10"'M,6.10"
1,6.10'Qm. Hay tinh: ^
a) Mat do electron tif do ciia dong (coi moi nguyen tit dong giai phong VSy: Dp lufu dong cua electron tiT do ben trong kim loai dong la
electron tiT do). H = 4,6.10"^ (SI).
b) Do liTu dong cua electron tuT do ben trong kirn loai dong. 2. D O N G D I | ; N T R O N G C H A T D I E N P H A N
Bai giai jl,4. Khi dien phan dung dich muoi an trong nu'dc, ngiTdi ta thu dufdc khi hidro
Goi: m la khoi liTdng kirn loai, V la the tich khoi kirn loai, tai catot. Khi thu diTdc c6 the tich V = 1 lit d nhiet dp t = 27°C, ap suat p = 1
D la khoi liTdng rieng cua kim loai. %tm. Tinh dien lufdng da chuyen qua binh dien phan.
A la nguyen tu" lU'dng cua kim loai, Bai giai ''j
N la so electron t\i do chiJa trong khoi kim loai. ac6: ' ~
N = 1 lit = 10'^ m ^ t = 27''C ^ T = 27 + 273 = 300K; P = latm = l,013.10^Pa.
- Mat do electron tuf do trong kim loai: np = — .
eo dinh luat Faraday, khoi lU'dng hidro thu diTdc d catot la:
- V i moi nguyen tuT kim loai giai phong n electron m do nen: N = n . N . — . 1 A^ 1 A F.m.n
m = -.—.It = -.—.q q= — — (1)
^ A F n F n A
nN^m m N.nD - Theo phiTdng trinh Claperong - Mendeleep, ta c6:
Do do: n^ = — ^ , vdi D = — . => n^ = —
° AV V ° A PVu
PV = —RT m = — - (2)
a) Mat do electron tif do ciia dong ii RT
6,02.102ll. ^'^ FnPVî 96500.1.1,013.10^10-^2

- T i r ( l ) v a (2)suyra:q = = 7842C
Tac6: = i^=8,44.10^^(electron/m^). ART 1.8,31.300
63,5
^Sy: Dien lU'dng chuyen qua binh dien phan la q = 7842C.
b) Dp liTu dong cua electron tu" do ben trong kim loai dong
5. Mot nha may dung phifdng phip dien phan de san xuat hidro. Hieu dien
_ V
Ta c6: V = uE => u = — . Ihe d hai ciTc binh dien phan la 2V va san lU'dng cua nha may la 56m^/h (d
^ ^ E
p i e u kien chuan). Tinh cong suat dien can thie't cho san xuat va gia thanh ciia
Xet trong khoSng thdi gian A t , cac electron tiT do truyen qua tie't dien S
flm^ hidro neu gia tien dien nSng la lOOOd/kWh.
chtfa trong hinh tru day S, du'dng cao AS = v.At.
< Bai giai
- Dien tich truyen qua tie't dien S trong khoang thdi gian At 1^:
1 A
Aq = Ne = UoVe = ngSvAte Choi lU'dng hidro giai phong d dien ciTc: m = — . — I t .• , ,
F n
Fmn
- CUong dp dong dien la: I = — = n^Sve V= ^ 1 = (1)
At " noSe "AT
leo phiTdng trinh Claperong - Mendeleep, ta c6:
A"
irN-^ 1 ^ ^ I ^- U U Lii,'
- Do liiu dong: u = — = , vdi E = — = — .
E n^SeE d /
357
356
B6i du9ng hoc sinh gi6i Vat ly 11. t^p 1 - Nguyen Phu D6ng
Dien trd cua binh dien phan:
PVM,
m - (2) _4_
U5
RT
R5 = — = = 2on -<A>-
h 0,2
- Thay (2) vao (1) ta diTdc; I = Vay: Cirdng dp dong dien qua R3
RTAt R2
binh dien phan la 0,2A; dien
96500.1.1,013.10-\56.2 R.
1= = 134057A trd binh dien phan la 2 0 Q .
8,31.273.1.3600 R5
R4
bl S6' pin va cong sua't moi pin
- Cong suat dien can thiet cho san xua't:
Dien trd tiTdng diTdng cua mach ngoî:
P = UI = 2.134057 = 268II3W * 268 kW
(R,+ R3)(R4+R,) ^ (9 + 3).(4 + 20) ^
- Cong do nha may sinh ra: A = Pt = 268113.3600 = 9,652.lO^J = 268 kWh R = R,+
R2+R3+R4+R5 9 + 3 + 4 + 20
- Gia tien de mua 268 kWh dien la: T = 268.1000 = 268000 dong.
968000
l,5n
_ Ci/dng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: I = = 0,6.
- Gia thanh ciia I hidro la: T' = = 4786 dong. R + r^ 10 + 0,5n
56 ^
<:> l,5n = 6 + 0,3n=>n = 5.
Vay: Cong sua't dien can thici cho siin xua't la P = 268 kW; gia thinh ctia Im^
- Cong suat cua bp nguon: P = Ebl = 1,5.5.0,6 = 4,5W.
hidro la 4786 dong.
P 4,5
11.6. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve. Bo nguon gom n pin mic no'i tiep, moi pin c6: - Cong sua't cua moi nguon: P' = — = - 3 - = 0,9W .
e = 1,5V, ro = 0,5Q. Mach ngoai R, = 2Q, Rj = 9Q, R4 = 4Q, den R3: 3V - 3W,
Vay: So' pin la 5, cong sua't moi pin la 0,9W.
R5 la binh dien phan dung dich AgNO,cd du'dng ciTc tan.
c) So' chi tren von ke hai dau bp nguon
Biet ampe ke A, chi 0,6A, ampe ke A2 chi 0,4A, RA = 0, Ry rat Idn. Tim:
a) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien <5> Ta c6:
So chi cua von ke hai dau bp nguon: U = - rÎ = 1,5.5 - 0,5.5.0,6 = 6V.
phan va dien trd binh dien phan.
•<A>-
b) So' pin va cong sua't moi pin. Kho'i lu'dng bac giai phong d catot sau t = 16p5s = 965s ,
c) So' chi tren von ke' hai dau bp nguon. ,^ , 1 A , 1 108
R3 Ta c6: m = - . — . I t = — — - • — .0,2.965 = 0,216g
d) Kho'i lu'Png bac dUdc giai phong d F n 96500 1
5d
catot sau 16 phut 5 giay dien phan. f Vay: Khoi li/dng bac giai phong d catot sau t = 16p5s la m = 0,216g.
R5
e) Dp sang cua den R3? e) Dp sang cua den D 3 ?
Bai giai P.„, 3
Ta co: + V d i bp nguon: Eb = ne = 1,5n; rb = nro = 0,5n. - Cirdng dp dong dien djnh miJc cua den: = - p - = - = 1A
dm 3
U Y - Ta thay: l2 = 0,4A<Id,„: den D 3 sang toihdn binh thirdng.
+ Dien trd cua den: R 3 = R^ = — ^ = — = 3Q UK*.!,
dm 1.7. Cho mach dien nhir hinh ve: E = 9V, r = 0,5Q, B la binh dien phan dung
a) Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan va dien tr6 binh dien phan
- Hieudienthe'2dauR4,R5: U45 = l2(R2 + R3) = 0,4(9 + 3) = 4,8V
f dich CUSO4 vdi cac dien cifc bhng dong.
D la den 6V - 9W, Rb la bien trd.
M N
® N
B
- Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan: Rb
a) C d vi tri Rb = 12Q thi den sang binh thiTdng.
I4 = l5 = l i - I 2 = 0,6-0,4 = 0,2A Tinh khoi lu'dng dong bam vao catot binh dien J
- Hieudienthe 2dauR4: U4 = I4R4 = 0,2.4 = 0,8V. phan trong 1 phut, cong sua't tieu thu d mach
- Hieu dien the' 2 dau R5: E, r
ngoai va cong sua't cua nguon.
U 5 = U45 - U 4 = 4,8 - 0,8 = 4V.
358
poi_nugng~ngc sinn gioi v a i ly n , igp T - ivguyen PW Dong Cty TNHffWrVTJWH Khan,
b) Tir vi tri tren cua con chay C, ne'u di chuye'n C sang trai thi do sang cfla den j g , Cho m a c h dien n h U hinh ve: E i = 6 V ,
IiTdng dong bam vao catot trong 1 phut thaydoinhir the nao? I g2 = 3 V , r i = r2 = 0 , 5 Q , den R,: 2 V - 1,5W,
B a i giai
Sen R2: 4 V - 3 W , R3 la dien t r d , R 4 la binh
U îen phan dung dich CUSO4 c6 cdc dien ciTc
Ta c6: + D i e n trd cua den; = dm
= 4Q.
''dm b^ng dong, tu C, = 1 , C2 = C 3 = 2 M F .
Bie't cac den sang binh thi/dng. . ' ^
1. + Cirdng do dong dien dinh mu-c cua den: L = = - - i <; A
Tinh kho'i liTdng dong diTPc giai phong d
dm
catot binh dien phan trong thdi gian 1 6 phut
a) K h o i li/dng dong bam vao catot, cong suat tieu thu 6 mach ngoai va c6
5 giay va dien nang binh tieu thu trong thdi
sua't cua nguon „ ,t
gian tren.
- CiTcfng do dong dien qua bien trd: 1^, = ^ ^ P ^ A = O , 5 A b) Tinh R3 va R4.
12
Tinh dien tich tren moi ban tu no'i v d i N .
- Cirdng do dong dien qua binh dien phan: I = Id„, + lb = 1,5 + 0,5 = 2A. B a i giai
- K h o i lirdng dong bam vao catot trong 1 phiit = 60s la:
^dmj _ 2 8
+ D i e n trd cua den 1: Rj = = -Q.
.2.60 = 0,0398g = 39,8mg 1,5 3
F'n' 96500'2 '^dm,
- Cong sua't tieu thu ciia mach ngoai: Pj^ = U I = (E - r l ) l = (9 - 0,5.2).2 = 16W
_ 4'
- Cong suat cua nguon: P = E I = 9.2= 18W. + D i e n trd cua den 2: R2 = = 1^Q.
'dm. 3 3
V a y : K h o i liTdng dong bd m vao catot la 39,8mg, cong sua't tieu thu d mach
ngoai la 16W, cong suat cua nguon la 18W. Rdrnj 1,5
+ Ci/dng do ddng dien djnh miJc qua den 1: 1^^^^^ = = 0,75A.
b) Dp sdng cua den va lu'cJng dong bam v i o catot thay doi nhiT the nao? Udmi 2
- Ne'u con chay C sang trai thl Rb tSng => RNP tSng => d i e n trd mach ngoai tang
E Rdm2 _ 3
+ Cirdng do dong dien djnh miJc qua den 2: 1^^^^^ = = 0,75A.
. => I = giam nen li/Png dong bam vô catot g i a m . 4
Udm^
R+r
- H i e u dien the hai dau den 1^: .i.. - - + H i e u dien the 2 dau A , B : UAB = U , + U2 = 2 + 4 = 6 V . >
Rd^b ERdRb
||F CUdng do ddng dien qua mach chinh: Ta c6: UAB = (Ei - E 2 ) - ( r i - r 2 ) I .
- IRNP =
R+_Â_ Rd+Rb Rd(R + R b H R R t
Rd+Rb 0,5 + 0,5 •(Id fei-:,,M'',:0;=:
ER, + Cirdng dp dong dien qua R4: I4 = I - I^tn^^ = 3 - 0,75 = 2 , 2 5 A . i ( « •
- Cirdng do dong dien qua den: I . = =
R,, R,(R+R,)+RR^ RRd ÛCho'i li/dng dong diTdc gia i phdng d catot binh dien phan va d i e n nang binh
R+R.+
B ^ u thu >. }
RR
K h o i liTdng dong giai phong d catot trong thdi gian t =16p5s = 965s la:
- K h i R b t a n g = > ( R + Rd. + - T — ) giam n6n Id tang, nghTa Ih do sang cua dbn tang'
'^b 1 A , 1 64
ni=-.—.It = .2,25.965 = 0,72g ; i. •
V $ y : Ne'u di chuye'n C sang trai thi do sang cua den tSng v^ liTPng d6ng bam I F n 96500 2
vao catot g i a m . ien nang binh tieu thu trong thdi gian tren: A = U l t = 4.2,25.965 = 8,685kJ
360
361
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi§t
b) Tinh R i va R4
Bai giai
- Dien trd cua binh dien phan: R4 = — - = ^ Ci^cfng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan: ^ ^
^4 2,25 9
" y-, = 0 nen mach dien diTdc ve lai nhu" sau:
- Cu'dng do dong dien qua R3:13 = I - 1 dm, = 3 - 0 , 7 5 = 2,25A. 1 A R,
f heo dinh luat Faraday, ta c6: m = p ~^2^ '
2 A B
- Dien trd R3: R 3 = ^ =
2,25 9 _ mFn _ 0,48.96500.2 ^ ^ R3
I " ^3
c) Dien tich tren moi ban tu noi vdi N "^^2" At ~ 64(16.60 + 5) ' I2
R2 ~z—
- H i e u d i e n t h e 2 d a u A M : UAM = E l - r , I = 6-0,5.3 = 4,5V.
Vay: Cu'dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan la 1,5A. R4
- Hieu dien the 2 dau MB: UMB = E2 - FJI = 3 - 0,5.3 = 1,5V.
1,) Dien trd binh dien phan ' " ''
- V i El > E2 nen ban cua Ci noi vdi M la ci/c am, noi vdi N la ciTc du'dng.
R R 44
- Tai N: qi - q2 + q3 = 0 Hieu dien the'2 dû AB: UAB = I 2 ( R 2 + - ^ ^ - ^ ) = ^'^^î + J—^^ = l'5(R2+2)
R-j+R^ 4+ 4
« C , U N M - C 2 U A N + C3UNB = 0
Cirdng do dong dien qua R,: I , = ^ = ''^''^^"^^^ = CSRj+l
o UNM - 2UAN + 2UNB = 0
- Matkhac: Cifdng dp dong dien qua mach chinh: ^tWrnr, ,
UNM = UNA + UAM = UNA + 4,5 = 4 , 5 - U A N (2) I = Ii + I2 = 1,5 + 0,5R2 + 1 = 2,5 + 0,5R2 / ,,
- Thay (2) vao (1): 4,5 - UAN - 2UAN + 2UNB = 0 Ta cd: UAB = E - r l = 13,5 - 1 -(2,5 + 0,5R2) = 1,5(R2 + 2)
» 3 U A N - 2 U N B = 4,5 (3) o 11-0,5R2= 1,5R2 + 3=>R2 = 4Q.
- Mat khac: UAB = UAN + UNB = 6 Vay: Dien trd binh dien phan la R2 = 4Q. ^
C ^ 2 U A N + 2UNB = 12 (4) c) So chi cua ampe ke
- Lay(3) + ( 4 ) : 5 U A N = 16,5 Ta cd: I , = 0,5.4 + 1 = 3A.
=0 UAN = 3,3V; UNB = 2,7V; UNM = 4,5 - 3,3 = 1,2V. Hieu dien the 2 dau R3: U3 = U 4 = l2R34= 1,5.2 = 3V. . , ^
- Dien tich tren moi ban tu noi vdi N:
Cirdng dp dong dien qua R3: I3 = ^ = = 0,75A.
Q , = C , U N M = 1.1,2= l,2fiC. R3 4
Q2 = -C2UAN =-2.3,3 =-6,6 M C . a, So chi cua ampe ke: U = 3 + 0,75 = 3,75A. if,
Q3 = C3UNB = 2.2,7 = 5,4 j i C . Vay: Ampe ke chi 3,75A. ):;ofc-;;
11.9. Cho mach dien nhiT hmh ve: E = 13,5V, r = I f i , R , = 3Q, R3 = R4 = 4^ d) Cong suaft tieu thu d mach ngoai
fi. 1
RA = 0, R2 la binh dien phan dung djch C U S O 4 c6 cac dien cure b^ng dong. Ta c6:U = UAB = 1,5(R2 + 2) = 1,5.(4 + 2) = 9V
Biet sau 16 phiit 5 giay dien phan, kho'i E,r va I = 2,5 + 0,5R2 = 2,5 + 0,5.4 = 4,5A. i,r*ji:
li/dng dong du'dc giai phdng d catot la =^ P = U I = 9.4,5 = 40,5W. I*! . .

0,48g. Tinh: , Vay: Cong suat tieu thu d mach ngoai la P = 40,5W. , v
a) Ci/dng dp dong dien qua binh dien phan.
b) Dien trd binh dien phan.
c) So'chi cua ampe ke.
R3
d) Cong sua't tieu thu d mach ngoai. R2
V R4
363

Cmsnjill Dong Dien Khong Doi - Dien TRD: Donq F I N Khonq Otfi

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Cmsnjill Dong Dien Khong Doi - Dien TRD: Donq F I N Khonq Otfi

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B6i duBng hQC sinh gioi Vgl ly 11, tap 1 - Nguygn Phu B6ng Cty TNHH MTV DWH

Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt

mg ,2 , ,.2 2m O .T6M TAT K I E N THirc !^

qE I. pong di$n khong do'i ^ - ^ Y < = ® — >

- V a n toe cua qua cau: V = Jv^ + Vy = If qE^' t2+(Vo-gt)2

- Thay gia trj t vao (4) ta diTdc:

2- D|nh lufit 6m cho doan m^ch (di$n trd): I = — .

Bien doi mach hinh sao thanh mach tarn giac:

I , = 3A; I3 = 5A. <=>(R,-2,125R2f-(l,875R2f » R,-2.125R2 = 1,875R2

[(R. nt R2) // R3]: R.. = =2,5 (1)

[(R, nt R3) // R2]: R,a = f ' ^y-^'

R R 12 [(R2 nt R3) // R,]: R „ = t.^-^^^ = 4,5 (3)

[,) Khi mac song song:

Ma: Roi = P, I; Ro2 = P2 I ^ Pi - ^ - " i = - P 2 ~-^2

hai thanh phai bang — « — .

^4y: Dien trd tiTdng diTdng cua mach dien la RAB = 2 , 4 Q .

- D i e n trd tiTdng dufcJng cua doan mach A B : R R 2r _

_ Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua doan mach A C B :

'^ACB = + ^MCN " y " ^'^"^

- Dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua ca doan mach A B :

- V i vay ta c6 the nha nut O ma khong lam

Vay: D i ? " l\i(ing dUdng cua mach la Roj02 2'^^'''

Bai giai ben R , = 0,4Q; R2 = 8Q, so T R

5.21. M a c h dien cafu tao bang B a i giai

dien t r d tiTdng diTdng cua B

^ R = r(V3-l); B Dien trd cua doan l : R i = p — ; dien trd cua doan 2: R2 =p — .

song song. T i m dien trd tu'dng du'dng cua mach.

Hieu dien the' giffa hai dau doan 2: U2 = IR2 - - ^ + [R,//R2]:Rs = U

o . 1 1 1 1X 4 Vay: Co hai gia tri ciia Ri va R2 la

Tinh Rz. Bai giai

142 ^) R2 ne'u R, = 5Q, R 3 = 3Q. 143

H i e u dien the giffa hai dau R2: U2 = U - Uvi = 180-60 = 120V.

H i e u dien the giffa hai d a u R , : U , = U M N - = 18-2 = 16V.

5 . 3 1 . Cho doan mach nhif hinh ve: R i = 3 6 Q ,

Tim ciTcJng do dong dien qua tiTng dien trd. B

cffdng dp qua mach chinh I = 3A. Tim:

U34 = U3 = U 4 = I2R34 = 2,25.12 = 27V. c) UAD, UED. ^

U 27 d) Ndi D, E bang tu dien C = 2^F. Tim dien tich cua tu.

Cirdng do dong dien qua 13 = ^ = — = 1.35A.

d) Dien tich ciia tu dien I, = I 2 + I3 = 0,12 + 0,08 = 0,2A.

CU'dng dp dong dien qua R3 R2 Vay: Gia tri dien trd R4 = 2 0 Q .

5.35. Cho mach dien nhiThinh ve: R, = 1 8 ^ R2 = 20Q,

=>R...^3-^° •R, =12-2,8R, (2) thi U^g = 20V.

zz> 2,8R, - 1,8R, = 12 - 1,8.5 R, = 30. 30

(2R,+30)(R,+30) , 5 41. Cho mach dien nhu" hinh ve: R| = R, =

hinh ve. Dong dien di vao d A va di ra d B. ^ D

+ R()B CO chieu dai la d; RQDB cd chieu dai la — = > RQDB ~ ~~~ • 14 — — — —

~ Khi K md, ta cd: u AB

R ODD TtR 90(45+ R 4 )

B a i giai 8V. Coi U A C khong d o i .

Rv mac von ke U A C = 24V.

Cho mach dien nhiT hinh, von ke V i

Ry(R + Rv) R2+3RR +R2 1 >

^^y: Von ke V2 chi 2V.

5.45. Cho mach dien nh\X hinh ve, Bai giai

UR, Bai giai

-j±=k = h a n g s o ( k > 1). B i R(.^+R RcN+R R+RCN

Bai giai CiTcfng do dong dien qua ampe ke ( 1 ) : I A , = I2"'" ^6 = ^ + ' 2 = 2 0 A .

I B 5 3, Cho mach d i e n nhu" hinh ve.

a) Cho R 4 = 2 Q . T i n h ciTdng do qua CD. ^

Cirdng do dong dien qua ampe ke ( 2 ) : h = = = 0,48A . I = 1 6 8 , 7 5 . ( 6 + R 4 ) ]_ _ 56,25.(R4+6)

=> M a c h cau can bSng, • 1—I 1 I 1" I3,5 + 8,25R4 8 , 2 5 R 4 + 13,5

b) Khi IcD = 0: Luc do mach cau can bing nen: 135