中间段论证 | 新大纲要求及样题

中间段主要论证方式：
第一种：举例论证 = 引出例子 + 例子本身 + 例子总结 + 科学调查
【适用】正面话题、个人品质、可以用人或者数字来进一步验证。
1. 引出例子：在我所听到看到的例子当中，与这个主题相关的例子有很
多，而下面最具有代表性。
2. 例子本身：某人，因在某方面的成就而著名，人们总是记得他的品质，
那在其一生都散发着光辉。
3. 例子总结（可省略）：某人的经历告诉我们一个道理：...
4. 科学调查：根据最近一项调查表明，接近于 90%的人都认为...

① Among all the touching facts relating to this topic that I have heard,
noticed and experienced, the most impressive one is ...
② Sb. , honored for his success in ..., is always remembered by his spirit
of ..., which shines through every chapter of his life.
③ The experience of sb. teaches us a wisdom that ...
④ According to one latest survey conducted by a certain national
authority, almost 90% of people might hold the view that ...

第二种：原因后果论证= 1. 引出原因 +2. 具体原因 +3. 引出结果 +4. 具体

结果
【适用】有定论的话题、不好的话题，可以论证：为什么好？为什么坏？
为什么重要？为什么有害？为什么流行等。
1. 到底什么导致了这个现象？这发人深思。
2. 首先，大众媒体可能不恰当地夸大了这件事。其次，社会关注过多或者
过少。最后，个人缺乏意识。
3. 如果视而不见，上述问题将会导致一系列严重后果。
4. 比如说：

① What exactly contributes to this phenomenon ? It’s a thought-provoking

question.

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② Firstly, mass media might inappropriately exaggerate this issue.
Secondly, too much attention on ... leads to ... Last but not least, a lack of
due attention from ... on ...results in ...
③ The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe
consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it.
④ For instance, ...

第三种：对立观点论证= 1.引出争议 + 2. 正方论证 + 3. 反方论证

【适用】无定论的题目、题干问：你是否同意？要不要？好不好？能不
能？
【缩减版】让步段：论证有侧重，正方或反方某一方缺少论证理由。
引出争议 + 正方观点（+正方理由和例子） + 反方观点 + 反方理由 （+
举例）
事实上，这一现象大家一直有争论。
诚然，一部人可能认为….
然而，其他的人都不同意这一观点。
他们的理由是：第一， … 。 第二， … 。 比如说…
① In fact, this issue（whether …or not ） has long been a matter of
debate.
② Admittedly, a minority of people may hold the view that … to
some extent.
③ Yet, a majority of people hold the other side of this picture.
④ For one thing, … . For another, … . For instance, …

A（正方） B（反方） 态度
100% 0 完全同意
30% 70% 部分同意，大部分不同意（让步！）

70% 30% 大部分同意（让步！）

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50% 50% 雨露均沾
0 100% 完全不同意

英语一：
Sample One:Directions:
Read the following excerpt from an article and write an essay. In your

essay, you should explain whether or to what extent you

agree with the author. Support your argument with reasons and relevant
examples.
Write your answer in 160 - 200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 20
points).
Many of us, whatever our field of work, fear that showing uncertainty
can damage our image - and we may compensate by expressing
overconfidence in an attempt to win trust. But in many situations
people are willing to trust those who can admit they don’t have a
definitive answer. Recent studies found that communicating
uncertainty and even admitting our mistakes is not harmful and can
even be beneficial to trustworthiness. So, failure in “expertise” can be
compensated by higher integrity and benevolence. When
communicating uncertainty in a transparent way, we are perceived as
less biased and willing to tell the truth.
中间段 show uncertainty , build trust
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4.具体意义：毫无疑问，这篇文章的主题是要告诉我们去关注人际交往当
中展现不确定性和建立信任之间的关系。
5. 意义论证：对立观点论证（让步段）
关于这个话题，仁者见仁智者见智。
诚然，有一部分人认为，坦诚地表达不确定性可以增加人与人之间的信任
感。真相好过谎言。
然而，大部分人不这么认为。第一，他们认为不确定性降低了权威感。第
二，不确定性可能导致错误的决定。这些都破坏了彼此间信任。
6.意义总结（省略）

Undoubtedly, the purpose of this essay is to show us that due attention

should be paid to the relation between showing uncertainty and building
trust in interpersonal communication.
① In fact, the issue has been a long-running debate.
② Admittedly, a minority of people may believe that frankly expressing
uncertainty might increase the sense of trust between people. A truth is
better than a lie.
③ Yet, a majority of people hold the other side of this picture. Firstly, they
argue that uncertainty might undermine the sense of authority. Secondly,
uncertainty might lead to a wrong decision, which destroys
trustworthiness between each others.

不确定性 , 信任感
Uncertainty , trust
题干：研究表明：展现不确定性能够有利于信任的建立。
100%支持：论证为什么有利以及如何有利。
100%反对：论证为什么不利于。
50%支持，50%反对：论证题干一部分合理，再为反对方找理由。
1%支持，99%反对：让步段（正方少写！）
99%支持，1%反对：让步段（反方少写！）

英语二：
Sample One:
48. Directions :
Read the following excerpt from an article and write an essay. In your
essay, you should explain whether or to what extent you agree with the
author. Support your argument with reasons and relevant examples.
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 Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 15
points).
Studies in the U.S. and the U.K. consistently show that children
have lost the right to wander. This is why many of our youth turn to ①
technology. They aren’t addicted to the computer; they are addicted
to interaction, and being around their friends. Children, and
especially teenagers, don’t want to only socialize with parents and
siblings; they want to play with their peers. That’s how they make
sense of the world. And we’ve robbed them of that opportunity. We’re
raising our children in captivity and they turn to technology to
socialize, learn and relax. Why are we blaming the screens ?
具体意义：毫无疑问，最近研究的目的是告诉我们应该对儿童的社交环
境和社交方式给予应有的重视。
② 对立观点论证：诚然，有些父母在囚禁中抚养他们的孩子，这剥夺了
他们与外界交往的机会。在这种情况下，孩子们不得不呆在家里，转向科
技。然而，多种原因可以解释孩子们的选择。首先，技术的多样性使孩子
们能够做很多在线活动。例如，孩子们可以在网上和外国笔友聊天来练习
外语。此外，他们甚至不用出门就可以学习外国文化。这就是高科技的魅
力。
Undoubtedly, the purpose of recent studies is to show us that due
attention should be paid to children’s socializing environment and way.
Admittedly, some parents raised their children in captivity which deprive
them of opportunity of socialize outside. Under this circumstance, kids
have to stay at home and turn to technology. Yet, multiple reasons can
account for children’s choice. Primarily, the diversity of technology
enables kids to do a lot of online activities. For example, children can talk
with foreigner pen-pals online to practice foreign language. Besides, they
even can learn the foreign cultures without stepping outside . That’s the
beauty of high-tech.

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 让步段：
① 诚然，一部分人认为：家长的圈养造成了这个现象。
② 然而，其他人不同意。各种原因可以解释这一现象。主要在于媒体/
社会关注。其次，根据一项科学调查表明，接近 90%的大学生认为：高科
技的便捷性使得他们的学习和生活更简单了，这才是他们转向高科技的真
正原因。
Admittedly, a minority of people might hold the view that parents’ captivity
leads to this issue.
Yet, the rest might hold the other side of this picture. Numerous
examples can account for this, but the following ones will be suffice.
Primarily, mass media might inappropriately exaggerate the benefits of
scientific technology. Meanwhile, a recent survey conducted by a certain
national authority, almost 90% of college students believe that the
convenience of high-tech makes their life and study much easier, that’s
why they turn to technology.