JOURNAL WORK- CHEMISTRY

IDENTIFICATION OF CAT IONS:

(A) COPPER ION:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i) Take a pinch of salt.

Dissolve it in 5ml of
(ii)
water.

Divide the solution into 2

(iii)
parts.
To the first part add 2- Pale Blue ppt. is formed
3ml of NH4OH in a small which dissolves in excess of
(iv) Copper ion is confirmed.
amount and then in NH4OH to give an inky blue
excess. solution.
To the second part add
Pale blue ppt is formed which
(v) 2-3 ml of NaOH and Copper ion is confirmed
is insoluble in excess.
then add excess.

Cu SO4 +2 NaOH Cu(OH) 2+Na2SO4

Cu SO4 + 2NH4OH Cu(OH)2+(NH4)2SO4

Cu(OH)2+ 2NH4OH + (NH4) 2 SO4 [ Cu(NH3)4] SO4 + 4H2O

(B) ZINC ION:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i)
Take a pinch of salt.

Dissolve it in 5ml of
(ii)
water.

Divide the solution into 2

(iii)
parts.
To the first part add 2-
Gelatinous white precipitate
3ml of NH4OH in a small
(iv) is formed which dissolves in Zinc ion is confirmed.
amount and then in
excess of NH4OH.
excess.
To the second part add Gelatinous white precipitate Zinc ion is confirmed.
1
(v) 2-3 ml of NaOH and is formed which dissolves in
then add excess. excess of NaOH

Zn Cl2 + 2NH4OH Zn(OH)2+2NH4Cl

Zn Cl2 + 2NaOH Zn(OH)2 + 2NaCl

(C) FERROUS ION:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i)
Take a pinch of salt.

(ii) Dissolve it in 5ml of

water.

(iii) Divide the solution into 2

parts.
To the first part add a Dirty green precipitate is form
(iv) little amount (2-3ml) of which is insoluble in excess Ferrous ion is
NH4OH and then in of NH4OH confirmed.
excess.
To the second part add
Dirty green precipitate is
(v) a little amount (2-3 ml) of Ferrous ion is
formed which is insoluble in
NaOH and then in confirmed.
excess of NaOH
excess.

FeSO4 + 2NH4OH Fe(OH)2+(NH4 )2SO4

FeSO4+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4

(D) FERRIC ION:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i)
Take a pinch of salt.

Dissolve it in 5ml of
(ii)
water.

Divide the solution into 2

(iii)
parts.
To the first part add a Reddish brown precipitate is
little amount (2-3ml) of formed which is insoluble in
(iv) Ferric ion is confirmed.
NH4OH and then in excess of NH4OH
excess.

2
 To the second part add
Reddish brown precipitate is
a little amount (2-3 ml) of
(v) formed which insoluble in Ferric ion is confirmed.
NaOH and then in
excess of NaOH
excess.

FeCl3 + 3NH4OH Fe(OH)3+ 3NH4Cl

Fe Cl3+ 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

(E) LEAD ION:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i)
Take a pinch of salt.

(ii) Dissolve it in 5ml of water.

Divide the solution into two

(iii)
parts.
To the first part add a little
(iv) amount (2-3ml) of NH4OH
and then in excess.
To the second part add a
(v) little amount (2-3 ml) of
NaOH and then in excess.
Curdy white precipitate is
formed which is insoluble
Lead ion is confirmed.
in NH4OH excess.
Curdy white precipitate is
formed which is soluble Lead ion is confirmed.
in excess of NaOH

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH 2NH4NO3 + Pb(OH)2

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Pb(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2PbO2 + 2H2O

1F Calcium

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i) Take a pinch of salt.

Dissolve it in 5ml of
(ii)
water.

Divide the solution into 2

(iii)
parts.

3
 To the first part add 2-
3ml of NH4OH in a small
(iv) No reaction/no ppt
amount and then in
excess.
To the second part add The ppt is of Ca(OH)2
Chalky white ppt is formed
(v) 2-3 ml of NaOH and and the cation is calcium
which is insoluble in excess.
then add excess. Ca2+

Ca(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Ca(OH) 2+2NaNO3

Ca(NO3)2 + NH4OH No reaction

1G Ammonium

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i) Take a pinch of salt.

Dissolve it in 5ml of
(ii)
water.

Divide the solution into 2

(iii)
parts.
To the first part add 2-
3ml of NH4OH in a small
(iv) No reaction
amount and then in
excess.
To the second part add A pungent smelling gas is
The gas evolved may be
(v) 2-3 ml of NaOH and evolved which turns moist
ammonia.
then add excess. red litmus blue.
The fumes are of
Bring a glass rod dipped
Dense white fumes are ammonium chloride and
(vi) in conc. HCl near the
formed. given salt is ammonium
mouth of the test tube.
salt.

NH4NO3 + NH4OH No reaction

NH4NO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H 2O+NH3

NH3 + HCl NH4Cl