Assignment No.

3
Faculty/Department Engineering & IT
Course Title/Code Signals & Systems (ELE 204 / BME 303)

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EXAMPLE 5.2: A periodic rectangular wave 𝑥! (𝑡) with amplitude 𝐴, period 𝑇, and pulse
width 2𝑎 is shown in Figure 5.4. We evaluate the Fourier series coefficients for 𝑥! (𝑡) and
compute them for the case where 𝐴 = 10, 𝑇 = 8 ms, and 𝑎 = 3 ms.

FIGURE 5.4 Periodic square wave for Example 5.2

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EXAMPLE 5.4: Sketch the magnitude and phase spectra for the periodic signal 𝑥! (𝑡)
considered in Example 5.2 with 𝐴 = 10, 𝑇 = 8 ms, and 𝑎 = 3 ms.

EXAMPLE 5.8: We determine the Fourier Transform of the decaying exponential signal
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 "#$ 𝑢(𝑡) where 𝑎 is real and positive.

EXAMPLE 5.9: We determine the Fourier Transform of the pulse signal

𝑎 𝑎
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑝# (𝑡) = 𝐴 7𝑢 8𝑡 + : − 𝑢 8𝑡 − :<
2 2

Note that this is a single pulse centered at the origin with amplitude 𝐴 and duration 𝑎, as shown
in Figure 5.19a.

EXAMPLE 5.10: From 𝑥(𝑡) = 1 ⇔ 𝑋(𝜔) = 2𝜋𝛿(𝜔), we determine the transform of

(a) 𝑥% (𝑡) = 𝑒 &'! $ , (b) 𝑥( (𝑡) = sin (𝜔) 𝑡), and (c) 𝑥* (𝑡) = cos (𝜔) 𝑡).

EXAMPLE 5.12: Given that cos 𝜔) 𝑡 ⇔ 𝜋[𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔) ) + 𝛿(𝜔 + 𝜔) )], we want to obtain the
transform of sin 𝜔) 𝑡.

EXAMPLE 5.24: We determine the transfer function 𝐻(𝜔) and the frequency-response
behaviour for the circuit shown in Figure 5.37, where 𝑣% (𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) is the input and 𝑣( (𝑡) =
𝑦(𝑡) is the output. From 𝐻(𝜔), we obtain the impulse response ℎ(𝑡), and the response of the
circuit for (a) 𝑣% (𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) = 2 and (b) 𝑣% (𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) = 3sin (200𝜋𝑡 + 45∘ ).

FIGURE 5.37 Circuit for Example 5.24

5.2 Express the following periodic signals in exponential Fourier series.

(a) 𝑥! (𝑡) = 𝐴) + 𝐴% cos (𝜔) 𝑡 + 60∘ )
(b) 𝑥! (𝑡) = 𝐴) − 𝐵% sin (𝜔) 𝑡 + 30∘ )
(c) 𝑥! (𝑡) = 5 + 2cos (𝜔) 𝑡 + 60∘ ) − 3sin (𝜔) 𝑡 − 60∘ )

5.4. Sketch the amplitude and phase spectra for each of the periodic signals shown in Problem
5.2.

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5.10. In the Fourier series expansion of the periodic signal 𝑥! (𝑡) shown in Figures P5.10a and
b,
(a) what is the average value?
(b) what are the amplitudes of the fundamental component in complex exponential form, i.e.,
for 𝑘 = −1 and +1 ?
(c) what is the amplitude of the fundamental component in combined cosine form?
(d) what is 𝐶( ?
(e) what is 𝐶%, ?
(f) what are the values of 𝐴 and 𝜃 in 𝐴cos (6000𝜋𝑡 + 𝜃) ?
(g) what are the values of 𝐴 and 𝜃 in 𝐴cos (1500𝜋𝑡 + 𝜃) ?
(h) what are the values of 𝐴 and 𝜃 in 𝐴cos (5000𝜋𝑡 + 𝜃) ?

𝟓. 𝟏𝟕 Using the defining integral, determine the Fourier transform of the following functions.
(a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 "#|$|
(b) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 "#|$| cos (𝑏𝑡)
(c) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑒 "#$ 𝑢(𝑡)
(d) 𝑒 "#$ sin (𝑏𝑡)𝑢(𝑡), 𝑎, 𝑏 > 0

𝟓. 𝟏𝟗 Evaluate the Fourier transform of 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 "#$ 𝑢(𝑡) and ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑒 ".$ 𝑢(𝑡). Now evaluate
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑔(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) and find the Fourier transform of 𝑦(𝑡). Verify your answer using the
convolution property.

𝟓. 𝟑𝟏 For the circuit shown in Figure P5.31 with 𝑅 = 10kΩ and 𝐶 = 1𝜇F, determine
(a) The differential equation model relating the input 𝑥 (voltage 𝑣% (𝑡) ) to output 𝑦 (voltage
𝑣( (𝑡) ).
(b) The frequency response function, 𝐻(𝜔).

FIGURE P5.31

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5.42 Sketch the frequency response magnitude and phase for a system given by

𝑗3𝜔
𝐻(𝜔) =
100 + 𝑗𝜔

Determine the response of the system to (a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 5, (b) 𝑥(𝑡) = 3cos (50𝜋𝑡), (c) 𝑥(𝑡) =
3cos (100𝜋𝑡), and (d) 𝑥(𝑡) = 3cos (1000𝜋𝑡). What is the 3 − dB frequency of the system?

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