BAB IV

Hasil dan Pembahasan

4.1 Data Percobaan

4.1.1. Percobaan I Kalibrasi Sight Gauge

Tabel 4.1.1 Percobaan I Kalibrasi Sight Gauge

V penurunan
Waktu (s) V Pada Gelas Ukur (L)
di Tangki (L)
50 5 5.51
107 10 11.59
165 15 17.55
228 20 23.41
294 25 29.36
370 30 35.64
444 35 41.65
520 40 48.35

4.1.2. Percobaan II Karakteristik Orifice Flowmeter

Tabel 4.1.2 Percobaan II Karakteristik Orifice Flowmeter

Waktu Bukaan ∆P Orifice
Volume (L)
(s) Valve (Bar)
6 1 27 2.05

6 1.5 52 3

6 2 51 3.15

6 2.5 51 3.48

6 3 49 3.49
4.1.3. Percobaan III Karakteristik VenturiFlowmeter

Tabel 4.1.3 Percobaan III Karakteristik VenturiFlowmeter

∆P ∆P
Waktu Bukaan Volume Volume
Orifice Venturi
(s) Valve (L) (L)
(Bar) (Bar)
6 1 40 0.79 152 1.15
6 1.5 32 2.04 381 1.76
6 2 33 2.16 450 2.08
6 2.5 33 2.3 378 2.2
6 3 37 2.82 453 2.67

4.1.4. Percobaan IV Jenis Aliran

Tabel 4.1.4 Percobaan IV Jenis Aliran

∆P
Waktu Bukaan
Venturi Jenis Aliran
(s) Valve
(Bar)
6 2 1058 Laminer
6 2.5 1163 Laminer
6 3 1104 Laminer
6 3.5 1176 Laminer
6 4 1213 Laminer

4.1.5. Percobaan V Bilangan Reynold

Memakai data percobaan II dan III yang digunakan dalam perhitungan.
 4.1.6. Percobaan VI Friction Loss
Tabel 4.1.6 Percobaan VI Friction Loss

Waktu Bukaan Pipa 1 Inch Pipa 3/4 Inch

(s) Valve ∆P Orifice ∆P Pipa ∆P Orifice ∆P Pipa
(Bar) (Bar) (Bar) (Bar)
6 full open 96 7 83 23
6 4.5 93 4 85 21
6 4 95 8 79 23
6 3.5 91 5 73 23
6 3 92 5 81 22

4.1.7. Percobaan VII Pipe Fitting

Tabel 4.1.7 Percobaan VII Pipe Fitting

Waktu Bukaan T- Gate
Elbow
(s) Valve Juntion Valve
∆P ∆P ∆P ∆P ∆P ∆P
Venturi Fitting Venturi Fitting Venturi Fitting
(Bar) (Bar) (Bar) (Bar) (Bar) (Bar)
6 1 974 14 974 14 974 97
6 2 1228 25 1228 14 1228 15
6 3 1255 23 1255 22 1255 13
6 4 1246 26 1246 11 1246 13
6 4.5 1208 20 1208 7 1208 10

4.2 Perhitungan
4.2.1. Percobaan II Karakteristik Orifice Flowmeter
a) Laju alir volume (Q) =

1. = 0.341666667 dm3/s
2. = 0.341666667 dm3/s
 3. = 0.525 dm3/s
3
4. = 0.58 dm /s
5. = 0.581666667 dm3/s
b) Nilai koefisien karakteristik orifice
√
Co =
√

√
Co =
√

Co = 2.453891681

Tabel 4.2.1 perhiatungan Karakteristik Orifice Flowmeter

Q (dm3/s) √P Co
0.341666667 5.196152423
0.5 7.211102551
0.525 7.141428429 2.453891681
0.58 7.141428429
0.581666667 7

Grafik 4.2.1 Grafik Hubungan Q Vs √P Orificemeter

Grafik Hubungan Q Vs √P
Orificemeter
8
7
6
5
4
3 y = 7.9755x + 2.7051
√P

Laju alir fluida

R² = 0.8198 Linear (Laju alir fluida)
2
1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Q (dm3/s)
4.2.3. Percobaan III Karakteristik VenturiFlowmeter
a) Laju alir
Persamaan kalibrasi orifice, y = 7.9755x + 2.7051
√
Cv = √

√
Cv =
√

Cv = 10.60995876

Tabel 4.2.3 Karakteristik VenturiFlowmeter

Volume ∆P Venturi Volume Q (dm3/s)

√P Cv
(L) (Bar) (L) Venturi
0.79 152 1.15 12.32882801 0.191666667
2.04 381 1.76 19.5192213 0.293333333
2.16 450 2.08 21.21320344 0.346666667 10.609956
2.3 378 2.2 19.4422221 0.366666667
2.82 453 2.67 21.28379665 0.445
 Grafik 4.2.4 Grafik hubungan laju alir dengan √P venturimeter

Grafik Hubungan Q Vs √P
Venturimeter
25

20

15
√P

10 y = 34.484x + 7.4238
laju alir fluida
R² = 0.7665
Linear (laju alir fluida)
5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Q (dm3/s)

Grafik 4.2.5 Grafik hubungan ∆P Vs Q venturimeter

Grafik hubungan ∆P Vs Q
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
Laju Alir (m/s)

0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0

0 100 200 300 400 500

∆P Venturimeter

4.2.4. Percobaan IV Jenis Aliran

a) Menentukan nilai debit (Q)
Persamaan garis kalibrasi orifice, y = 7.9755x + 2.7051
1 Q1 = 7.9755(32.52691193) + 2.7051 = 0.000262123 m3/s
 2 Q2 = 7.9755(34.10278581) + 2.7051 = 0.000274692 m3/s
3 Q3 = 7.9755(33.22649545) + 2.7051 = 0.000267703 m3/s
4 Q4 = 7.9755(34.2928564) + 2.7051 = 0.000276208 m3/s
5 Q5 = 7.9755(34.82814953) + 2.7051 = 0.000280477 m3/s
b) Menentukan laju alir (V)

V=
1. V = = 0.012265024 m/s
2. V = = 0.012853111 m/s
3. V = = 0.012526095 m/s
4. V = = 0.012924042 m/s
5. V = = 0.013123803 m/s

c) Menentukan Bilangan Reynold (Re)

Re =

1. Re = = 2023.728903
2. Re = = 2120.763314
3. Re = = 2066.805748
4. Re = = 2132.466908
5. Re = = 2165.427575
Tabel4.2.4 Tabel Perhitungan Jenis Aliran

Q (m3/s) √P V (m/s) Re
0.000262123 32.52691193 0.012265024 2023.728903
0.000274692 34.10278581 0.012853111 2120.763314
0.000267703 33.22649545 0.012526095 2066.805748
0.000276208 34.2928564 0.012924042 2132.466908
0.000280477 34.82814953 0.013123803 2165.427575

4.2.5. Percobaan V Bilangan Reynold

a) Bilangan Reynold di Orifice
Re =
 1. = 1713.55969
2. = 2507.648327
3. = 2633.030744
4. = 2908.87206
5. = 2917.230888
b) Bilangan Reynold di Venturi
Re =

1. = 1713.55969
2. = 2507.648327
3. = 2633.030744
4. = 2908.87206
5. = 2917.230888

Grafik 4.2.5.1 hubungan Cv Venturi vs Re Percobaan V Bilangan

Reynold

Grafik hubungan Cv Venturi vs Re

12
10
Coefisien of discharge

8
6
4
2
0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Reynold Number
Grafik 4.2.5.2 hubungan Co Orifice vs Re Percobaan V Bilangan Reynold

Grafik hubungan Co Orifice vs Re

3
Coefisien of 2.5
2
orifice 1.5
1
0.5
0
01000200030004000

Reynold Number

4.2.6. Percobaan VI Friction Loss

A. Menghitung flowrate pada tiap bukaan
Persamaan garis, y = 7.9755x + 2.7051
ID pipa 1” = 0.025 m
ID pipa ¾”= 0.01905 m
ρ = 1000 kg/m3
μ = 0.001 kg/ms
a) Pipa 1 inch
1. Q1 = 7.9755(96) + 2.7051 = 0.7683531 m3/s
2. Q2= 7.9755(93) + 2.7051 = 0.7444266 m3/s
3. Q3 = 7.9755(95) + 2.7051 = 0.7603776 m3/s
4. Q4 = 7.9755(91) + 2.7051 = 0.7284756 m3/s
5. Q5 = 7.9755(92) + 2.7051 = 0.7364511 m3/s
b) Pipa ¾ inch
1. Q1 = 7.9755(83) + 2.7051 = 0.6646716 m3/s
2. Q2 = 7.9755(85) + 2.7051 = 0.6806226 m3/s
3. Q3 = 7.9755(79) + 2.7051 = 0.6327696 m3/s
4. Q4 = 7.9755(73) + 2.7051 = 0.5849166 m3/s
5. Q5 = 7.9755(81) + 2.7051 = 0.6487206 m3/s
B. Mencari nilai kecepatan aliran
V=
 a) Pipa 1 inch
1. V = = 1566.070013 m/s
2. V = = 1517.302624 m/s

3. V = = 1549.814217m/s
4. V = = 1484.791032 m/s
5. V = = 1501.046828 m/s
b) Pipa ¾ inch
1. V = = 2333.176029 m/s
2. V = = 2389.168328 m/s

3. V = = 2221.191432 m/s
4. V = = 2053.214535 m/s
5. V = = 2277.183731m/s

C. Mencari Nilai Friction factor

f eksperimen =
Tabel 4.2.6 perhitungan factor friction

f factor experimen f loss Experimen Re

2.14128E-09 0.096 39151750.33
2.20985E-09 0.093 37932565.6
2.16366E-09 0.095 38745355.43
2.25806E-09 0.091 37119775.8
2.23369E-09 0.092 37526170.7

a) Pipa 1 inch

1. f eks = = 2.14128E-09
 2. f eks = = 2.20985E-09
3. f eks = = 2.16366E-09
4. f eks = = 2.25806E-09
5. f eks = = 2.23369E-09
b) Pipa ¾ inch

1. f eks = = 2.14128E-09

2. f eks = = 2.20985E-09
3. f eks = = 2.16366E-09

4. f eks = = 2.25806E-09

5. f eks = = 2.23369E-09
D. Menghitung friction Loss ( ̿

( ̿̿̿ =

a) Pipa 1 inch
1. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.096
2. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.093
3. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.095
4. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.091
5. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.092
b) Pipa ¾ inch
1. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.083
2. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.085
3. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.079
4. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.073
5. ( ̿̿̿ = = 0.081
 E. Mencari bilangan Reynold (Re)

Re =

a) Pipa 1 inch

1. = 39151750.33
2. = 37932565.6
3. = 38745355.43
4. = 37119775.8
5. = 37526170.7
b) Pipa ¾ inch

1. = 44447003.35
2. = 45513656.65
3. = 42313696.78
4. = 39113736.89
5. = 43380350.087
4.2.7. Percobaan VII Pipe Fitting
A. Menghitung laju alir Q
Memasukkan√P persamaan garis kalibrasi orifice,
y = 7.9755x + 2.7051
a) T-Juntion 1”
1. Q1 = 7.9755(3.741657387) + 2.7051 = 0.032546688 m3/s
2. Q2= 7.9755(5) + 2.7051 = 0.0398775 m3/s
3. Q3 = 7.9755(4.795831523) + 2.7051 = 0.038249154m3/s
4. Q4 = 7.9755(5.099019514) + 2.7051 = 0.04066723m3/s
5. Q5 = 7.9755(4.472135955) + 2.7051 = 0.03566752m3/s
b) Elbow 1”
1. Q1 = 7.9755(3.741657387) + 2.7051 = 0.032546688 m3/s
2. Q2= 7.9755(3.741657387) + 2.7051 = 0.029841588 m3/s
3. Q3 = 7.9755(4.69041576) + 2.7051 = 0.037408411 m3/s
4. Q4 = 7.9755(3.31662479) + 2.7051 = 0.026451741 m3/s
5. Q5 = 7.9755(2.645751311) + 2.7051 = 0.02110119 m3/s
 c) Gate Valve 1”
1. Q1 = 7.9755(9.848857802) + 2.7051= 0.081254665 m3/s
2. Q2= 7.9755(3.872983346) + 2.7051 = 0.030888979 m3/s
3. Q3 = 7.9755(3.605551275) + 2.7051 = 0.028756074 m3/s
4. Q4 = 7.9755(3.605551275) + 2.7051 = 0.028756074 m3/s
5. Q5 = 7.9755(3.16227766) + 2.7051 = 0.025220745 m3/s

B. Menghitung kecepatan aliran

V=
a) T-Juntion 1”

1. V = = 2.75 m/s

2. V = = 4.13 m/s

3. V = = 3.8 m/s

4. V = = 4.29 m/s

5. V = = 3.30 m/s
b) Elbow 1”

1. V = = 1.66 m/s

2. V = = 1.52 m/s

3. V = = 1.91 m/s

4. V = = 1.35 m/s

5. V = = 1.08 m/s
c) Gate Valve 1”

1. V = = 4.14 m/s

2. V = = 1.57 m/s

3. V = = 1.47 m/s

4. V = = 1.47 m/s

5. V = = 1.29 m/s
C. Menghitung Bilangan Reynold

Re =

a) T-Juntion 1”

1. Re = = 41460.74967
2. Re = = 50799.36306
3. Re = = 48725.03734
4. = 51805.3887
5. Re = = 45436.3316
b) Elbow 1”

1. = 41460.74967
2. Re = = 38014.76241
3. Re = = 47654.02661
4. = 33696.48537
5. Re = = 26880.49628
c) Gate Valve 1”
1. = 103509.1279
2. Re = = 39349.01742
3. Re = = 36631.94165
4. = 36631.94165
5. Re = = 32128.33819
D. Menghitung factor friksi teoritis
Dengan menggunakan pembacaan pada grafik diagram moody,
untuk nilai ε/D dan Re
Tabel 4.2.7.1 Factor friksi T-Junction

Le Teoritis
Re f Teoritis
T-junction
41460.74967 0.012 2.40E+04
50799.36306 0.011 2.69E+04
 48725.03734 0.0112 2.82E+04
51805.3887 0.0109 2.70E+04
45436.3316 0.0115 2.83E+04

Tabel 4.2.7.2 Factor friksi Elbow

f Teoritis
Re Le Teoritis
41460.74967 0.012 2.40E+04
38014.76241 0.0122 2.43E+04
47654.02661 0.0113 2.79E+04
33696.48537 0.0127 2.32E+04
26880.49628 0.0134 2.43E+04
Tabel 4.2.7.2 Factor friksi Gate Valve

Re f Teoritis Le Teoritis
103509.1279 0.009 3.20E+04
39349.01742 0.0121 2.45E+04
36631.94165 0.0124 2.54E+04
36631.94165 0.0124 2.38E+04
32128.33819 0.0128 2.54E+04
Grafik 4.2.7.1 Moody
 Daftar Tabel

Tabel 4.1.1 Percobaan I Kalibrasi Sight Gauge……………………….

Tabel 4.1.2 Percobaan II Karakteristik Orifice Flowmeter……………

Tabel 4.1.3 Percobaan III Karakteristik VenturiFlowmeter…………..

Tabel 4.1.4 Percobaan IV Jenis Aliran………………………………..

Tabel 4.1.6 Percobaan VI Friction Loss……………………………....

Tabel 4.1.7 Percobaan VII Pipe Fitting………………………………..

Tabel 4.2.1 perhiatungan Karakteristik Orifice Flowmeter……………

Tabel 4.2.3 Karakteristik VenturiFlowmeter………………………….

Tabel4.2.4 Tabel Perhitungan Jenis Aliran……………………………

Tabel 4.2.6 perhitungan factor friction…………………………………

Tabel 4.2.7.2 Factor friksi Gate Valve…………………………………

Tabel 4.2.7.2 Factor friksi Elbow……………………………………..

Tabel 4.2.7.1 Factor friksi T-Junction…………………………………

Tabel 4.2.1 perhiatungan Karakteristik Orifice Flowmeter……………

 Daftar Grafik

Grafik 4.2.1 Grafik Hubungan Q Vs √P Orificemeter…………………

Grafik 4.2.4 Grafik hubungan laju alir dengan √P venturimeter………

Grafik 4.2.5 Grafik hubungan ∆P Vs Q venturimeter…………………

Grafik 4.2.5.1 hubungan Cv Venturi vs Re Percobaan V Bilangan

Reynold…………………………………………………………………

Grafik 4.2.5.2 hubungan Co Orifice vs Re Percobaan V Bilangan

Reynold…………………………………………………………………

Grafik 4.2.7.1 Mood……………………………………………………