MUSIC
Romantic period
-The Romantic Period (1820-1910) in music
celebrated emotion, imagination, and artistic
freedom.
Key Characteristics:
Emotional Depth: Music evoked intense
feelings, from sorrow to joy.
Creative Freedom: Composers broke tradition,
expressing themselves freely.
Orchestral Growth: Ensembles expanded for
richer soundscapes.
Expressive Melodies: Themes of love, nature,
and nationalism were prominent.
Distinctive Features:
Cultural Fusion: Native and foreign influences
inspired diverse compositions.
Dynamic Range: Extreme dynamics intensified
emotional impact.
Rhythmic Complexity: Varied rhythms added
depth and complexity.
Textural Exploration: From harmonious to
intricate, textures conveyed emotion.
Instruments:
Piano: Central to Romantic music, balancing
delicacy and power.
Woodwinds, Strings, Percussion: Enriched
orchestral arrangements.
Compositions and Composers
Frédéric Chopin:
Birth: March 1, 1810, Żelazowa Wola, Poland.
Career: Renowned Polish composer and pianist
Style: Merged Polish folk with intricate
harmonies
Paris and Relationships: Settled in Paris, formed
notable romantic bonds.
Legacy: Celebrated for emotional depth and
influence on Romantic music.
Notable Works: "Nocturnes," "Polonaises," and
"Preludes."
Death: Died October 17, 1849, Paris. Likely due
to complications from tuberculosis.
Franz Liszt:
Birth: October 22, 1811, Raiding (now
Doborján), Hungary.
Career: Renowned pianist and composer,
innovator of solo piano recitals.
Composer: Pioneered symphonic poems and
wrote virtuosic piano pieces.
Relationships: Had significant romantic ties,
notably with Marie d'Agoult.
Legacy: Revered for technical prowess and
contributions to Romantic movement.
Notable Works: "Hungarian Rhapsodies" and
"Transcendental Etudes."
Death: Died July 31, 1886, Bayreuth, Germany.
Possibly from pneumonia or a heart attack.
Giuseppe Verdi:
Birth: October 9 or 10, 1813, Le Roncole, near
Busseto, Italy.
Career: Influential opera composer, known for
intense human emotions.
Operatic Success: Produced enduring works like
"La Traviata" and "Aida."
Political Involvement: Engaged in Italian
nationalist causes.
Legacy: Revered for shaping operatic repertoire
and emotional depth in music.
Notable Operas: "Rigoletto," "Il Trovatore," and
"Otello."
Death: Died January 27, 1901, Milan, Italy.
Suffered a stroke, leading to his passing at 87.
ARTS
Neoclassicism, 1780-1840:
- Influenced by Ancient Greek and Roman art.
- Coincided with the Age of Enlightenment.
- Artistic portrayal of Roman history with formal
composition and local color.
Neoclassical Artists:
- Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825): French
painter, focused on historical subjects.
- Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-1867):
Known for portraits and mythological themes.
Neoclassical Sculptures:
- Inspired by Roman styles.
- Antonio Canova (1757-1822): Italian sculptor
famed for nude figures.
- Bertel Thorvaldsen (1789-1838): Danish
sculptor renowned for mythological themes.

Neoclassical Architectures:
- Derived from Classical Greek and Roman
architecture.
- Types include Temple Style, Palladian Style,
and Classical Block Style.

Romanticism Art, 1800s-1810s:

- Emphasized emotion, imagination, and
intuition.
- Celebrated nature and the human experience.

Romantic Artists and Paintings:

- Jean Louis Théodore Géricault: Explored dark
imagery.
- Eugene Delacroix: French leader of the
Romantic school, known for vivid colors.
- Francisco Goya: Spanish painter chronicling his
era, known for social commentary.

Romantic Landscape Paintings:

- Depicted natural scenery with emphasis on
mountains, valleys, and the sky.
- Theodore Rousseau and Jean-Baptiste-Camille
Corot were notable landscape painters.

Elements of the Neoclassicism and Romantic

Periods:
- Neoclassicism valued order and solemnity,
while Romanticism embraced intuition and
emotion.
- Neoclassical art emphasized Greek and Roman
history, while Romantic art celebrated nature
and the human experience.