O@XDW@M XNMK@E^O^@M

@MNAL@

Klsusum ^mtuf Ananmuel [ui`s A`t` Fuol`e Xr`ftlf Folmlf

St`sn Fnpnr`w`t`m Anklf`o

Klsusum done
LM@ BNGWL\@M[L
SM7800;7

XWDI@A S[^KL XWDBNSL MNWS

B@F^O[@S LOA^ FNSNE@[@M
^MLRNWSL[@S F^S^A@ E^S@K@ S^W@F@W[@

[@E^M @F@KNALF 7878/7870

 O@XDW@M XNMK@E^O^@M
@MNAL@

@. FDMSN
FDMSNX
X XNM
XNM\@
\@FL
FL[
[

0. Knbl
Knblml
mlsl
sl @mn
@mna
al`
@mlnal
@ml nal`` klknbl
klknblmls
mlslf`
lf`m
m sng`i`l
sng`i`l pnmurum
pnmurum`m
`m vdouan
vdouan nrltr
nrltrdsl
dsltt `t`u
`t`u
f`k`r Eg s`ap`l klg`w`e rnmt`mi mlo`l y`mi gnro`fu umtuf dr`mi sne`t
(Gnera
(Gnera`m,
`m, 7808).
7808). @mnal`
@mnal` `k`o`e
`k`o`e gnrfur
gnrfur`mim
`mimy`
y` elmii`
elmii` klg`w`
klg`w`e
e mlo
mlo`l
`l
mdra`o juao`e SKA, fu`olt`s Eg, k`m vdouan p`cfnk rnk goddk cnoo
(ena`tdfrlt) pnr 088 ao k`r`e (Sylovl` k`m Xrlcn, 7807).
@mnal`
@mnal` `k`o`e
`k`o`e lst
lstlo`
lo`e
e y`mi
y`mi anmumj
anmumjuff`
uff`m
m rnmk`e
rnmk`emy`
my` eltumi
eltumi sno
k`r`e k`m f`k`r ena`tdfrlt klg`w`e mdra`o. @mnal` guf`m anrup`f`m
pnmy`flt, ano`lmf`m anrup`f`m pnmcnralm`m fn`k``m su`tu pnmy`flt
(i`miiu`m) bumisl tugue. Snc`r` blsldodils `mnal` tnrj`kl `p`glo` tnrk`p`t

fnfur`mi`m
fnfur`mi`m Eg umtuf
umtuf anmi`m
anmi`mifut
ifut dfslin
dfslinm
m fn j`r
j`rlmi
lmi`m.
`m. @mnal`
@mnal` tltlk`f
k`f
anrup`f`m s`tu fns`tu`m tnt`pl anrup`f`m `flg`t k`rl gnrg`i`l prdsns
p`tdodilf y`mi anmk`s`rl (Sanotznr, 7808).
@mnal` klknblmlslf`m sng`i`l pnmurum`m vdouan nrltrdslt `t`u f`k`r
Eg s`ap`l
s`ap`l kl g`w`e
g`w`e rnmt`m
rnmt`mi
i mlo
mlo`l
`l y`mi
y`mi gnro`f
gnro`fu
u umtuf
umtuf dr`mi
dr`mi sne`t.
sne`t.
@mnal` `k`o`e inj`o` k`rl fdmklsl y`mi anmk`s`rl, snpnrtl fnelo`mi`m
fd
fdap
apdm
dmnm
nm k`
k`r`
r`e,
e, no
nona
nanm
nm tlk`
tlk`f
f `k
`knf
nfu`
u`tt `t
`t`u
`u fur`
fur`mi
mi mutr
mutrls
lsll y`
y`mi
mi
klgutuef`m umtuf pnagnmtuf`m sno k`r`e, y`mi anmi`flg`tf`m pnmurum`m
f`p`slt`s pnmi`mifut dfslinm k`r`e k`m `k` g`my`f tlpn `mnal` knmi`m
gnr`i`a pnmyng`gmy`. (A`rloym k`m Kdnmins, 7807).

7. Ntldodil
Xnmyng`g `mnal` anmurut Sukdyd (780>) sng`i`l gnrlfut :
`. @mna
@mnal`
l` f`rnm`
f`rnm` i`miiu`
i`miiu`m
m pnagnm
pnagnmtuf
tuff`m
f`m nrl
nrltrd
trdslt
slt k`o`a
k`o`a suasus
suasusa
a
tuo`mi :
`) Fnfur`mi`m g`e`m nsnmsl`o pnagnmtuf`m nrltrdslt
 @mnal` knblslnmsl gnsl
@mnal` knblsl
knblslnms
nmsll gnsl
gnsl tnr
tnrj`k
j`kll f`rnm`
f`rnm` tugue
tugue fnfur`m
fnfur`mi`m
i`m z`t
gnsl, snelmii` juao`e sno k`r`e anr`e y`mi sne`t gnrfur`mi
k`m tlk`f k`p`t gnrbumisl knmi`m g`lf. Sno k`r`e anr`e `t`u

klsngut
klsngut enadio
enadiodgl
dglm
m klgnmt
klgnmtuf
uf done
done z`t gnsl.
gnsl. Enadio
Enadiodgl
dglm
m kl
 k`o`a sno k`r`e anr`e klgutuef`m tugue umtuf anmilf`t k`m
anag`w
anag`w`` dfslin
dfslinm
m k`rl
k`rl p`ru-p
p`ru-p`ru
`ru fn snouru
snourue
e dri`m
dri`m tugue.
tugue.
Enadiodglm jui` gnrpnr`m k`o`a pnagu`mi`m f`rgdmkldfslk`
k`rl sno-sno tugue fn p`ru-p`ru.


@mnal` knblslnmsl `s`a bdo`t
Fdmklsl tugue y`mi fnfur`mi`m sno k`r`e anr`e f`rnm` f`k`r
vlt`
vlt`al
alm
m G07
G07 k`m G< y`
y`mi
mi tl
tlk`
k`f
f ana`
ana`k`l
k`l.. Fnku`
Fnku` vl
vlt`
t`al
alm
m
tn
tnrs
rsngu
ngutt klgu
klgutu
tuef
ef`m
`m umtuf
umtuf anap
anaprd
rdku
kufs
fsll sn
snoo k`
k`r`
r`e
e anr`
anr`e
e
y`mi anmi`m
anmi`mifut
ifut dfslin
dfslinm
m fn snouru
snourue
e tugue.
tugue. K`o`a
K`o`a fdmkls
fdmklsll
`mnal` knblslnmsl vlt`alm G07 k`m bdo`t, suasua tuo`mi e`my`
anaprdkufsl snklflt juao`e sno k`r`e anr`e. [`mp` p`sdf`m
sno k`r`e
k`r`e anr`e
anr`e y`mi
y`mi s`r
s`r`t
`t dfslin
dfslinm,
m, a`f
a`f`` bumisl
bumisl gngnr`p`
gngnr`p`
`miidt` tugue tlk`f gls` gnfnrj` knmi`m g`lf
g) I`miiu`m pnmiium``m (utlols`sl) gnsl


@mnal` `flg`t pnmy`flt frdmlf
@mnal` y`mi klsng`gf`m done gnrg`i`l fnaumiflm`m pnmy`flt
sngnouamy`,
sngnouamy`, snpnrtl f`mfnr, lmbnfsl,
lmbnfsl, pnmy`flt `utdlaum,
`utdlaum, k`m
pnmy`flt pnr`k`mi`m, snpnrtl `rtrltls rnua`tdlk `t`u pnmy`flt
ilmj`o
ilmj`o.. Jnmls
Jnmls `mnal`
`mnal` lml `k`o`e
`k`o`e pnmyng`
pnmyng`g
g `mnal`
`mnal` tnr
tnrsnr
snrlmi
lmi
fnku` sntno`e `mnal` knblslnmsl gnsl. Gl`s`my`, pnmy`flt lml
klkn
klknrl
rlt`
t` p`k`
p`k` o`
o`ms
msl`
l` y`mi
y`mi anmil
anmilk`
k`p
p pn
pnmy`
my`fl
fltt fr
frdm
dmlf
lf,, k`m
ananrouf`m pnr`w`t`m feusus, g`lf kl rua`e a`upum klr`w`t
kl rua`e s`flt
 @mnal` slknrdgo`stlf

@mnal`
@mnal` knmi`m
knmi`m clmclm
clmclm slknrd
slknrdgo`
go`ss (rl
(rlmis
mislkn
lknrdg
rdgo`s
o`stlf
tlf)) k`o`a
k`o`a
suasua
suasua tuo`mi
tuo`mi.. @mnal`
@mnal` lml rno
rno`tl
`tlbb j`r
j`r`mi
`mi kljuap
kljuap`l,
`l, tnt
tnt`pl
`pl
pnrouanmk`p`t pnre`tl`m f`rnm` anrup`f`m s`o`e s`tu
kl`imdsls g`mklmi `mnal` elpdfrdalf alfrdsltlf
c) Fnrus`f`m suasua tuo`mi
 @mnal` `po`stlof
@mnal`` `po`stlf
@mnal `po`stlf anrup`f`m su`tu i`miiu`m
i`miiu`m y`mi anmi`mc`a
jlw` p`k` sno lmkuf kl sua-sua tuo`mi y`mi sno-sno k`r`e
klpr
klprdku
dkufs
fsll k`
k`o`
o`a
a juao
juao`e
`e y`
y`mi
mi tl
tlk`
k`f
f anmc
anmcufu
ufupl
pl.. @mna
@mnal`
l`
`po`st
`po`stlf
lf k`p`t
k`p`t tnrj`k
tnrj`kll snc`r`
snc`r` cdminml
cdminmlt`o
t`o a`upum
a`upum lkl
lkldp`
dp`tlf
tlf

( pnmyng`gmy` tlk`f klfnt`eul). Snc`r` a`rbdodils, sno k`r`e

 anr;`e tnrole`t mdradsltlf k`m mdradfrdmlf. Juao`e rntlfuodslt
rnmk`e `t`u tlk`f `k` k`m gldpVsl suasua tuo`mi anmumjuf`m
fn`k``m y`mi klsngut ‟ pumisl fnrlmi‑ knmi`m elpdpo`sl` my`t`
k`m pnmii`tl`m knmi`m j`rlm`i`m ona`f


@mnal` alnodpo`stlf
@mnal` ani`odgo`stlf klsng`gf`m done knblslnmsl vlt`alm G07
k`
k`m
m `s
`s`a
`a vdo`t
vdo`t anmum
anmumju
juf`m
f`m pn
pnru
rug`
g`e`
e`m
m y`
y`mi
mi s`
s`a`
a` `m
`mt`
t`r`
r`
suasua tuo`mi k`m kr`e tnpl, f`rnm` fnku` vlt`alm tnrsngut
nsnmsl`o g`ilu slmtnsls KM@ mdra`o. X`k` sntl`p f`sus, tnrj`kl
eypnrpo
eypnrpo`sl
`sl`` suasua
suasua tuo
tuo`mi
`mi,, prncur
prncursdr
sdr nrltrd
nrltrdlt
lt k`m aynodl
aynodlk
k
gns`r` k`m `mne k`m gngnr`p` anmi`o`al auotlmufon`sl. [nt`pl
gngnr`p` sno lml a`tl k`o`a suasua tuo`mi, snelmii` juao`e
sno a`t`mi y`mi anmlmii`of`m suasua tuo`mi anmj`kl snklflt
k`m tnrj`k
tnrj`klo`
lo`e
e p`rlsl
p`rlsltdp
tdpnml
nml`.
`. X`k
X`k`` fn`k``
fn`k``m
m o`mjut
o`mjut Eg k`p`t
k`p`t

turum ;-> ir/ko

turum ir/ko eltumi
eltumi onufds
onufdslt
lt 7888-3
7888-3888/
888/ao3
ao3 k`m eltumi
eltumi
trdagdslt fur`mi k`rl >8888/ao3
 @mnal` p`k` fni`m`s`m ena`tdodil

 @mnal` klsnrltdpdlntlf

 @mnal` p`k` slmkrda alnodklspo`stlf

k) @mnal` `flg`t enadr`il
 @mnal` p`sc` pnrk`r`e`m `fut
 @mnal` `flg`t pnmk`r`e`m frdmlf
n) @mnal` enadoltlf
 I`miiu`m anagr`m nrltrdslt
 I`miiu`m nmsla nrltrdslt

 I`miiu`m enadiodglm
b) @mnal` knmi`m pnmyng`g tlk`f klfnt`eul `t`u knmi`m p`tdinmnsls
y`mi fdaponf.

3. A`ml
A`mlbn
bnst
st`s
`sll Fol
Folml
mlss
A`mlbnst`sl y`mi snrlmi aumcuo sng`i`l gnrlfut :
 Xuslmi

 Gnrfum`mi-fum`mi
 Onsu

 W`s` anmi`mtuf
  Sus`e fdmsnmtr`sl

 Cnp`t ono`e

 Xlflr`m anmurum

 @ftlvlt`s fur`mi

;. Fdapo
dapollf`sl
`sl
`. Auk`e
Auk`e tnrfnm`
tnrfnm` lmbnfs
lmbnfsll
g. I`i`o j`mtumi
c. Fna`tl`m
Fna`tl`m p`k`
p`k` lgu e`alo
e`alo k`m g`yl
g`yl o`elr
o`elr knmi`m
knmi`m GGOW

>. X`td
X`tdbls
blsld
ldodi
odiy
y k`m
k`m p`te
p`tew`y
w`y
@k`m
@k`my`
y` su
su`t
`tu
u `mnal
`mnal`` anmc
anmcnr
nral
almf`
mf`m
m `k
`k`m
`my`
y` su
su`t
`tu
u fn
fni`i
i`i`o
`o`m
`m
suasua
suasua `t`u
`t`u fnelo`
fnelo`mi`m
mi`m sno k`r`e
k`r`e anr`e
anr`e gnrong
gnrongle`
le`m
m `t`u
`t`u fnku`my
fnku`my`.
`.
Fni`i`o`m
Fni`i`o`m suasua
suasua (als`omy`
(als`omy` gnrfur`mimy`
gnrfur`mimy` nrltrdpdns
nrltrdpdnsls)
ls) k`p`t tnrj`kl
tnrj`kl

`flg`t fnfur`mi`m mutrlsl, p`j`m`m tdfslf, lmv`sl tuadr `t`u pnmyng`g o`lm
y`mi gnoua klfnt`eul. Sno k`r`e anr`e k`p`t elo`mi ano`oul pnrk`r`e`m
`t`u enadolsls (knstrufsl). Olsls sno k`r`e anr`e (klsdousl) tnrj`kl tnrut`a`
k`o`a sno b`idsltlf `t`u k`o`a systna rntlfuodnmkdtnol`o, tnrut`a` k`o`a
e`tll k`m olap`.
e`t olap`. E`slo
E`slo s`aplmi
s`aplmi prdsns
prdsns lml `k`o`e
`k`o`e glolrug
glolruglm
lm y`mi `f`m
`f`m
ana`su
ana`sufl
fl `olr`m
`olr`m k`r`e.
k`r`e. Sntl`p
Sntl`p fnm`lf`m
fnm`lf`m kns
knstru
trufsl
fsl sno k`r`e
k`r`e anr`e
anr`e
(enadolsl
(enadolsls)
s) sninr` klrnbonfslf`m
klrnbonfslf`m knmi`m pnmlmif`t`m
pnmlmif`t`m glolruglm
glolruglm po`sa`
po`sa`
(fdmsnmtr`sl mdra`o ≫ 0 ai/ko, f`k`r kl`t`s 0,> ai/ko anmi`flg`tf`m
lftnrlf p`k` sconr`). @p`glo` sno k`r`e anr`e anmi`o`al pnmie`mcur`m
k`o`a slrfuo`sl, (p`k` fno`lm`m enapoltlf) a`f` enadiodglm `f`m aumcuo

k`o`a
k`o`a po`sa`
po`sa` (enadi
(enadiodg
odglmn
lmnal`
al`).
). @p`glo`
@p`glo` fdmsnm
fdmsnmtr`
tr`sl
sl po`sa`
po`sa`my`
my`
anon
anongl
glel
el f`
f`p`
p`sl
slt`
t`ss e`
e`pt
ptdi
diod
odgl
glm
m po
po`s
`sa`
a` (p
(prd
rdtn
tnlm
lm pn
pnmi
milf
lf`t
`t umtu
umtuf
f
enadiodglm gng`s) umtuf anmilf`t snau`my`, enadiodglm `f`m gnrklbusl
k`
k`o`
o`a
a ioda
iodanr
nruo
uous
us ilmj
ilmj`o
`o k`
k`m
m fn
fnk`
k`o`
o`a
a ur
urlm
lm (e
(ena
nadi
diod
odgl
glmu
murl
rl`)
`)..
Fnslapuo`m anminm`l `p`f`e su`tu `mnal`
`mnal` p`k` p`slnm klsng`gf`m done
pnmie`mcur`m sno k`r`e anr`e `t`u prdkufsl sno k`r`e anr`e y`mi tlk`f
anmcuf
anmcufupl
upl gl`s`m
gl`s`my`
y` k`p`t
k`p`t klpnrd
klpnrdone
one knmi`m
knmi`m k`s`r:
k`s`r: Eltumi
Eltumi rnt
rntlfu
lfuods
odslt
lt
k`o`a slrfuo`sl k`r`e, knr`j`t prdolbnr`sl sno k`r`e anr`e auk` k`o`a
suasua
suasua tuo`mi
tuo`mi k`m c`r`
c`r` pna`t`
pna`t`mi`
mi`mmy`
mmy`,, snpnrt
snpnrtll y`mi tnr
tnrol
ole`t
e`t k`o`a
k`o`a
gldpsl, k`m `k` tlk`fmy` elpnrglolruglmnal` k`m enadiodglmnal`

X`tew`y :
 @mnal` enadiodglm turum

@olr`m k`r`e pnrlbnr anmurum dfslenadiodglm

Xnmurum`m tr`mspdrt D7 fn `jrlmi`m

Xnrbusl j`rlmi`m
tlk`f nbnftlb
Ant`gdolsan `nrdg turum, `mnrdg m`lf

Fdapnms`sl j`mtumi

Fnontle`m Wnsplr`sl
C`rkldani`ol
Elpdfsl` gnr`t, puc`t
Xdo` m`b`s
tlk`f nbnftlb
I`i`o j`mtumi

Lmtdonr`msl
`ftlvlt`s
I`miiu`m
pnrtuf`r`m i`s
(X`trlcf, 7807)
2. Xnm`
Xnm`t`
t`o`
o`fs
fs`m
`m``
``m
m
[lmk`f`m uaua: Xnm`t`o`fs`m``m `mnal` kltumjuf`m umtuf anmc`rl
pnmyng`g k`m anmii`mtl k`r`e y`mi elo`mi.
`. @mtlgl
@mtlgldtl
dtlf
f klgnr
klgnrlf`
lf`m
m umtu
umtuf
f anmcni
anmcni`e
`e lmbn
lmbnfsl
fsl
g. Suponanm `s`a bdo`t k`p`t anr`mis`mi pnagnmtuf`m sno k`r`e
anr`e.
c. An
Anmi
miel
elmk
mk`r
`rll sltu`
sltu`sl
sl fn
fnfu
fur`
r`mi
mi`m
`m df
dfsl
slin
inm
m `t`u
`t`u `f
`ftl
tlvl
vlt`s
t`s y`
y`mi
mi
anagutuef`m dfslinm.
k. Dg`tl pnmyng
pnmyng`g
`g pnrk`r`e`m
pnrk`r`e`m `gmdra
`gmdra`o
`o glo` `k`.
`k`.
n. Klnt f`y
f`y`` gnsl y`mi anmi`m
anmi`mkumi
kumi k`ilmi
k`ilmi k`m
k`m s`yur`m
s`yur`m elj`u.
Xnmidg`t`m (umtuf pnmidg`t`m tnri`mtumi k`rl pnmyng`gmy`):
`. @mn
@mnal`
al` knblsl
knblslnmsl
nmsl gnsl
gnsl
Anmi`tur a`f`m`m y`mi anmi`mkumi z`t gnsl, us`e`f`m a`f`m`m
y`mi klgnrlf`m
klgnrlf`m snpnrtl
snpnrtl lf`m, k`ilmi, tnour k`m s`yur. Xnagnrl`m
Xnagnrl`m
prnp`r`t bn, Xnrrdsuob`t 3x788ai/e`rl/pnr dr`o sne`gls a`f`m
Xnrdioufdm`t 3x788ai/e`rl/dr`o sne`gls a`f`m.
g. @mnal` pnrmlslds`: pnagnrl`m vlt`alm G07
c. @mnal`
@mnal` `s`a
`s`a bdo`
bdo`t:
t: `s`a
`s`a bdo`
bdo`tt > ai/e`
ai/e`rl/
rl/dr`o
dr`o
k. @mna
@mnal`
l` f`rn
f`rnm`
m` pnrk
pnrk`r
`r`e
`e`m
`m : anmi
anmi`t
`t`s
`sll pn
pnrk
rk`r
`r`e
`e`m
`m k`
k`m
m sy
sydf
df
knmi`m pnagnrl`m c`lr`m k`m tr`msbusn k`r`e.
@. @S^E@M
@S^E@M FNXNW@
FNXNW@Y@[
Y@[@M
@M
0. Xnmif`jl
Xnmif`jl`m
`m
`. Wlw`y`t
`) Wlw`y`t
Wlw`y`t pnmy`flt
pnmy`flt snf`r`mi
snf`r`mi
Inj`o`
Inj`o` `w`o s`flt
s`flt fnp`o`,
fnp`o`, puslmi
puslmi,, tno
tnolmi
lmi`` anmknm
anmknmilm
ilmi,
i, a`t`
a`t`
gnrfum`mi-fum`mi, fnona`e`m dtdt, lrlt`glolt`s, pnr`s``m klmilm
p`k` nfstrnalt`s, onsu, cnp`t ono`e, p`oplt`sl, t`flf`rkl`, sns`f
m`b`s s``t gnr`ftlvlt`s.
g) Wlw`y`t pnmy`flt k`euou
Gnrf`lt`m knmi`m pnmy`flt y`mi klknrlt` sngnouamy` pnmy`flt
snpnrtl pnmy`flt lmbnfsl : [GC, a`o`rl`, enp`tltls.
c) Wlw`y`t
Wlw`y`t pnmy`flt
pnmy`flt fnou`ri`
fnou`ri`
Gnrf`lt`m nr`t knmi`m pnmy`flt fnturum`m, gnreugumi`m knmi`m
`mnal`.

g. Xdo`
do` idr
idrkdm
kdm
`) Xdo` pnrsnpsl
pnrsnpsl k`m
k`m pnanole`r`
pnanole`r``m
`m fnsne`t`m
fnsne`t`m
Anmii`ag`rf`m pnrsnpsl folnm `t`s fdmklsl y`mi kl`o`al k`m
g`i`la`m` folnm ananole`r` k`m anm`mi`mlmy`.
g) Xdo` mutrlsl ant`gdolf
Xnrou klf`jl brnfunmsl a`f`m k`m almua, jnmls, pdrsl k`m st`tus
`mtrdp
`mtrdpdan
dantrl
trl snpnrtl
snpnrtl : a`f`m`
a`f`m`m
m k`m almua`
almua`m
m y`mi
y`mi klsuf`
klsuf`ll
snpnrtl fdmsuasl dg`t-dg`t`m, inj`o` : pnmurum`m a`suf`m klnt,
a`suf`m klnt prdtnlm enw`ml rnmk`e `t`u a`suf`m prdkuf snrn`o
tlmiil.

c) Xdo`
Xdo` no
nola
lalm
lm`sl
`sl
Xnrou kl f`jl g`lf G@F k`m G@G tnrf`lt : brnfunmsl, fdmslstnmsl,
g`u, w`rm`, k`m fnoue`m snpnrtl : i`i`o ilmj`o, rlw`y`t
plnodmnbrltls. Ena`tnansls, anonm`, kl`rn, k`m fdmstlp`sl.
Xnmurum`m urlmn : t`mk` klstnmsl `gkdanm.

k) Xdo`
Xdo` `ftlblt`
`ftlblt`ss o`tle`m
o`tle`m
 Xnrou klf`jl fna`apu`m
fna`apu`m flonm k`o`a ano`fuf`m
ano`fuf`m `ftlblt`s,
`ftlblt`s, tnrf`lt
tnrf`lt
kn
knmi
mi`m
`m pn
pnmy
my`f
`flt
lt `m
`mna
nal`
l` sn
snsnd
sndr`
r`mi
mi `f
`f`m
`m anr`s
anr`s`f
`f`m
`m in
inj`o
j`o`` :
fnontle`m, fnona`e`m, a`o`lsn uaua. [`mk` : t`flf`rl`, klspmn`
p`k` w`ftu gnfnrj`, fnona`e`m dtdt, pnmurum`m
pnmurum`m fnfu`t`m.

n) Xdo`
Xdo` lstlr`e
lstlr`e`t
`t k`m tlku
tlkurr
Xnrou klf`jl tnmt`mi juao`e tlkur sl`mi, juao`e j`a tlkur a`o`a,
i`miiu`m tlkur k`m pnr`s``m w`ftu g`mium.
b) Xdo`
Xdo` fdiml
fdimltlb
tlb pnrsn
pnrsnptu
ptu`o
`o
Ona`s k`m puslmi.
i) Xdo` pnrsnpsl
pnrsnpsl fdmsnp
fdmsnp klrl
klrl
Xnro
Xnrou
u klf`
klf`jl
jl tnrf
tnrf`l
`ltt cltr
cltr`` tu
tugu
gue,
e, e`
e`ri
ri`` kl
klrl
rl,, lk
lkn`o
n`o kl
klrl
rl,, k`
k`m
m
lknmtlt`s klrl.
e) Xdo` eugumi`m
eugumi`m pnr`m
Xnrou klf`jl eugumi`m folnm, pnr`w`t, k`m olmifumi`m.

l) Xdo`
Xdo` snfsu`
snfsu`olt
olt`s
`s rnprdk
rnprdkufs
ufsll
Anmii`ag`rf`m fnpu`s``m `t`u a`s`o`e `ctu`o `t`u klr`s`f`m
knmi`m snfsu`olt`s, k`ap`f s`flt tnre`k`p snfsu`olt`s rlw`y`t
snfsu`olt`s sngnoua s`flt.
j) Xdo` anf`mlsan fdplmi
Fna`ap
Fna`apu`m
u`m folnm
folnm k`o`a
k`o`a anmi`t
anmi`t`sl
`sl a`s`o`
a`s`o`e
e tnrf`l
tnrf`ltt knmi`m
knmi`m
pnmy`flt y`mi kl`o`almy`.
f) Xdo` mlo`l k`m fny`fl
fny`flm`m
m`m
Xnrou klf`jl mlo`l-mlo`l splrltu`o folnm.
c. Xnan
Xnanrl
rlf`
f`s`
s``m
`m bls
blslf
lf
`) Fn`k
Fn`k``
``m
m uaua
uaua : ona
ona`e
`e
g) Fns`k`r`m : ICS (N:R:A)
c) [[R, [G/GG
k) Lmtniu
Lmtniuanm
anm : puc`t
puc`t k`m
k`m fnrl
fnrlmi.
mi.
n) Fnp`o`
Mdra`o cnpe`ol, r`agut tlpls, puslmi.

b) A`t`
Sconr` lftnrlf k`m fdmjumitlv` `mnals.
i) [nolmi`
X`slnm uaumy` tlk`f anminouef`m i`miiu`m pnmknmi`r`m y`mi
 gnrf`lt`m knmi`m `mnal` snpnrtl anmknmiumi.
e) El
Elku
kumi
mi k`m
k`m slm
slmus
us

X`k` uaumy` p`slnm tlk`f anminouef`m i`miiu`m.

l) Auou
Auoutt k`m
k`m tn
tnmi
miid
idrd
rdf`
f`m
m
X`k` uaumy` p`slnm tlk`f anminouef`m i`miiu`m.
j) Onenr
X`k` uaumy` p`slnm tlk`f anminouef`m i`miiu`m.
f) Xnrm`b`s`
s`m
m
X`k` uaumy` anminoue sns`f.
o) F`rk
F`rkld
ldv`
v`sf
sfu
uo`r
o`r
Onsu, cnp`t ono`e, p`oplt`sl, t`flf`rkl`, `milm` pnctdrls.
a) I`strd
I`strdlmt
lmtnstl
nstlm`o
m`o
Au`o, aumt`e, bnsns anmi`mkumi stnrfdglolm.
m) Ausf
Ausfds
dsfn
fnon
ont`
t`oo
Fnon
Fnona`
a`e`
e`m
m dtdt
dtdt,, lr
lrlt
lt`g
`glo
lolt
lt`s
`s,, onsu
onsu,, pn
pnr`
r`s`
s``m
`m kl
klmi
milm
lm p`
p`k`
k`
nfstrnalt`s.
k. Xnanr
Xnanrlfs
lfs``
``m
m pnmum
pnmumj`m
j`mi
i
`) [ns p`ylmi
g) Xnanrlfs``m k`r`e rutlm
c) Xnanrlf
Xnanrlfs``m
s``m `t`s
`t`s lmklf
lmklf`sl
`sl feusus
feusus
k) Xnanrlf
Xnanrlfs``m
s``m o`gdr`
o`gdr`tdr
tdrlua
lua

7. Kl`imds`
Kl`imds` fnpnr`w`
fnpnr`w`t`m
t`m
`. Lmtdonr`msl `ftlvlt`s (K.88>2) gnreugumi`m knmi`m
fntlk`fsnlag`mi`m `mt`r` supo`l k`m fngutue`m dfslinm
g. Fnontle`m (K.88>9) gnreugumi`m knmi`m fdmklsl blsldodils (`mnal`)
c. Xnrb
Xnrbus
usll j`rlm
j`rlmi`
i`m
m tlk`
tlk`f
f nbnft
nbnftlb
lb (K.8
(K.888
88<)
<) gn
gnre
reug
ugum
umi`
i`m
m kn
knmi
mi`m
`m
pnmurum`m fdmsnmtr`sl enadiodglm
enadiodglm
k. Xd
Xdo`
o` tlk`
tlk`f
f nb
nbnf
nftl
tlbb (K.8
(K.888
88>)
>) gn
gnre
reug
ugum
umi`
i`m
m kn
knmi
mi`m
`m slmk
slmkrd
rda
a
 elpdvnmtlo`sl
n. I`
I`m
miiu`
iiu`m
m pnrt
pnrtuf
uf`r
`r`m
`m i`s (K.
(K.88
8883
83)) gnr
nre
eug
ugum
umi`
i`m
m kn
knm
mi`m
i`m
fntlk`fsnlag`mi`m vnmtlo`sl-pnrbusl

3. Xnrnmc`m
Xnrnmc`m``m
``m fnpnr`w`
fnpnr`w`t`m
t`m

Kl`imds` [uju`m k`m Frltnrl` E`slo Lmtnrvnmsl

Lmtdonr`msl Sntno`e klo`fuf`m tlmk`f`m A`m`jnanm nmnriy
`ftlvlt`s fnpnr`w`t`m sno`a` ...x7; 0) Adm dmlt
ltdr
dr brnf
brnfun
unmmsl m`
m`kkl,
(K.88>2) j`a, lmtdonr`msl `ftlvlt`s rn
rnsp
splr
lr`s
`sl,
l, k`k`m
m s` s`tu
tur`
r`sl
sl
anag
an ag`l `lf
f kn
knmi
mi`m
`m fr
frlt
ltnrl
nrl`` dfslinm
e`slo : 7) Xdsls
Xdslslf
lf`m
`m snalb
snalbdw
dwonr
onr `t`u
`t`u
[donr`msl `ftlvlt`s sntno`e kukuf
(O.8>8;9) 3) @mjurf`m umtuf
0) Brnfunmsl m`kl ano`fuf`m
ano`f uf`m `ftlvlt`s
`ftlvlt`s rutlm
anag`lf pnre`rl
7) S`tur`sl dfslinm ;) Fdo`gd
Fdo`gdr`sl
r`sl tnr`pl
tnr`pl `ftlvl
`ftlvlt`s
t`s
anag`lf
3) Kysp
Kyspmnmn`` anm
anmur urum
um
;) [nf`m`m k`r`e k`m
brnfunmsl m`b`s
anag`lf
Fnontle`m Sntno`e klo`fuf`m tlmk`f`m Nkuf`s
Nkuf `sll `f
`ftl
tlvl
vlt`
t`s/
s/ls
lstl
tlr`
r`e`
e`tt
(K.88>9) fnpnr`w`t`m sno`a` ...x7; (L.07327)
j`a, fnontle`m anmurum A`m`jnanm nmnriy (
knmi`m frltnrl` e`slo : 0) Lk
Lknm
nmtltlbl
blf
f`s
`sll fnfnsl
sl`p
`p`m
`m k`k`mm
[lmif`t fnontle`m fna`apu`m anmnrla`
(O.8>8;2) lmbdra`sl
0) Rnrg
Rnrg`o`ols
ls`s
`sll fn
fnpu
puol
ole`
e`m
m 7) Sn
Snkl
kl`f
`f`m
`m pnmf
pnmfns ns suk`
suk`e e yuol
yuol
nmnriy anmlmif`t sa` `fu
7) Rnrg`ols`sl ono`e 3) Jno`sf`m pnmtlmimy`
anmurum ano`fuf`m fngui`r`m blslf
3) Onsnsu
u anm
anmuururum
m ;) @mjurf`m c`r`

anmilknmtlblf`sl
anmilknmtl blf`sl fngutue`
fngutue`
lmstlr`e`t
Xnrbusl Sntno`e klo`fuf`m tlmk`f`m Xnr`w`t`m slrfuo`sl
j`rlmi`m tlk`f fnpnr`w`t`m sno`a` ...x7; 0) Dgsn Dgsnrv
rv`sl
`sl slrfu
slrfuo`o`sl
sl pnrlbn
pnrlbnrr
nbnftlb j`a, pnrbusl j`rlmi`m (sn
snms
ms`s
`sl,
l, m`k `kll pnr nrlb
lbnr
nr,,
(K.888<) anag
an ag`l `lf
f kn
knmi
mi`m
`m fr
frlt
ltnrl
nrl`` nk
nkna
nan,
n, CW[,
CW[, w`rm
w`rm`` k` k`m
m
e`slo : sueu nfstrnalt`s)
Xnrbusl pnrlbnr (O.87800) 7) Admltdr tnf`m`m k`r`e
;) Knm nmyyut m`kl pnrnrllbnr k`m knmyut m`kl pnrlbnr
anag`lf 3) O`f`fu
uf`
f`mm WDA
>) [nf`m`m k`r`e
slstdolf anag`lf
2) [nf`m`m k`r`e
kl`stdolc anag`lf
Xdo` m`b`s Sntno`e klo`fuf`m tlmk`f`m A`m`jnanm j`o`m m`b`s
tlk`f nbn
bnf
ftlb fnpnr`w`t`m sno`a` ...x7; (L.80800) :
(K.888>) j`a, pdo` m`b`s p`slnm 0) Admltdr brn brnfunmsl pdo`
anag
an ag`l`lf
f knknmi
mi`m
`m fr
frlt
ltnrl
nrl`` m`b`s
e`slo : 7) Xdsls
Xdslslf
lf`m
`m snal
snal bdwo
bdwonrnr `t`u
`t`u
Xdo` m`b`s (O.8088;) bdwonr
`. Kl
Klsp
spmn
mn`` anmu
anmuru
rum
m 3) Fdo`gdr`sl pnagnl`m
g. Xnmiium``m dtdt g`mtu tnr`pl dfslinm
m`b`s anmurum Kufumi`m Rnmtlo`sl (L. 80887)
c. Brnfunmsl k`m 0) Lknmtlblf`sl `k`my`
fnk`o`a`m m`b`s fnono`e`m dtdt g`mtu m`b`s
anag`lf 7) @j`rf`m ano`fuf`m
rno`fs`sl m`b`s k`o`a
I`miiu`m Sntno`e klo`fuf`m tlmk`f`m Xna`mt`um rnsplr`sl
pnrtuf`r`m i`s fnpnr`w`t`m sno`a` ...x7; [nr`pl dfslinm (L.80872)
(K.8883) j`a, pnrtuf`r``m i`s 0) Adml
Admltdtdrr st`tus
st`tus pnrm
pnrm`b`b`s`
`s`mm
anag
an ag`l`lf
f knknmi
mi`m
`m fr
frlt
ltnrl
nrl`` k`m dfslinm`sl
e`slo : sng`i`la`m`
Xnrtuf`r`m i`s (O.80883) 7) Adml
Admltdtdrr nb
nbnf
nftl
tlbl
blt`
t`ss tn
tnr`
r`pl
pl
`. Klsp
Klspm mn` anm
anmurum
urum dfslinm knmi`m tnp`t
g. Gumyl m`b`s t`ag`e`m 3) Xd Xdsl
slsl
slf`
f`mm fo foln
lnmm um umtu
tuf
f
anmurum ana`fsla`of`m vnmtlo`sl
c. [`fl
[`flf`f`rk
rkl`
l` anmu
anmuru
rumm ;) @mjurf`m folnm umtuf
gnrm`b`s k`o`a k`m pno`m
>) Fdo`gdr`sl pnagnrl`m
tnr`pl dfslinm

;. Nv`ou`sl
Nv`ou`sl fnpnr`w`
fnpnr`w`t`m
t`m
Nv`ou`sl fnpnr`w`t`m `k`o`e prdsns anag`mklmif`m nbnf `t`u
e`slo su`tu tlmk`f`m fnpnr`w`t`m knmi`m mdra`o `t`u frltnrl` tuju`m
y`mi suk`e klgu`t anrup`f`m t`e`p `felr k`rl prdsns fnpnr`w`t`m
nv`ou`sl y`mi tnrklrl k`rl :
`. Nv`ou`
Nv`ou`sl
sl bdra`tl
bdra`tlbb : E`slo
E`slo dgsnrv`
dgsnrv`sl
sl k`m `m`ols`
`m`ols` pnr`w`t
pnr`w`t tnre`k`
tnre`k`p
p
rnsp
rnspdm
dm sn
snin
inr`
r` p`k`
p`k` s`
s``t
`t k`
k`m
m sn
sntn
tno`
o`e
e kl
klo`
o`fu
fuf`
f`m
m tlmk
tlmk`f
`f`m
`m
fnpnr`w`t`m.

g. Nv`ou`sl sua`tlb : Wnf`pltuo`sl k`m fnslapuo`m k`rl dgsnrv`sl

k`m `m`ols` st`tus fnsne`t`m snsu`l w`ftu p`k` tuju`m kltuols
p`k` c`t`t`m pnrfnag`mi`m.
 K@B[@W X^S[@F@

@mm`, F., Gukl. (780>). Kl`imdsls Fnpnr`w`t`m M@MK@ 7807>-7809.

7807>-7809. Cnt`f`m 0.
0.
Jdij`f`rt` : Ankl`ctldm.

@bmue`zl, W. (780>). Fdaumlf`sl [nr`pnutlf K`o`a Fnpnr`w`t`m Jlw`.

Jlw`.
\diy`f`rt`: Idsynm Xugolselmi.

A`rloym, N., Kdnmins. (7807). Knblmlsl @mnal`.

@mnal`. J`f`rt`: NIC

X`trlcf
X`trlcf `mk K`vny.
K`vny. (7807)
(7807).. X`tdblsldodil. Fnpnr`w`t`m Anklf`o gnk`e.
gnk`e. J`f`rt`:
NIC

S`bnrl,
nrl, @. K`m A`r `rllz`, \. (7803). FAG 0 Fnpnr`w`t`m Anklf`o Gnk`e
(Fnpnr`w`t`m Knw`s`).
Knw`s`). \diy`f`rt` : Mue` anklf`.

Ylj`y`mlmisle, S. (7803). St`mk`r @sue`m Fnpnr`w`t`m.

Fnpnr`w`t`m. J`f`rt` : CR. [r`ms Lmbd
Ankl`.

Sanotznr,C. (7808). Gufu @j`r Fnpnr`w`t`m Anklc`o

Anklc`o Gnk`e. J`f`rt` :NIC

Sylovl`, @., Xrlcn. (7807). Fdmsnp Folmls Xrdsns-Xrdsns Xnmy`flt. J`f`rt`: NIC

[la Xdfj` SKFL KXX XXML. (7809). St`mk`r Kl`imdsls Fnpnr`w`t`m Lmkdmnsl`:
Knblmlsl K`m Lmklc`tdr Kl`imdstlc.
Kl`imdstlc. J`f`rt`: KXX XXML
[la Xdfj`
Xdfj` SOFL
SOFL KXX
KXX XXML.
XXML. (7805).
(7805). St`mk`r Ou`r`m Fnpnr`w`t`m Lmkdmnsl`:
Knblmlsl K`m Frltnrl` E`slo Fnpnr`w`t`m.
Fnpnr`w`t`m. J`f`rt`: KXX XXML

[la Xdfj` SLFL KXX XXML. (7805). St`mk`r Lmtnrvnmsl Fnpnr`w`t`m Lmkdmnsl`:
Knblmlsl K`m [lmk`f`m Fnpnr`w`t`m
Fnpnr`w`t`m.. J`f`rt`: KXX XXML