A REPORT GIVING RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE REVIEW OF THE FIRST

SCHEDULE OF UACA.
1.0 Introduction
Infrastructure and basic services are the foundation and delivery vehicle of
a functional and resilient urban environment. Equitable basic services such
as water, sanitation, drainage, energy, and transport are key ingredients for
the economic and social development of urban areas. They also sustain
and improve the health, livelihood, and general living environment of urban
residents.

1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this report is to Review of the first schedule of the urban
areas and cities act in consultation with county governments for the
different levels and categories of urban areas thus municipalities, towns
and market centres.

1.2 Approach
The approached that was used to review first schedule of the urban
areas and cities act necessitated looking at various literature and distill
those services that are necessary for functional urban areas
including :

 urban areas planning books

 the constitution of Kenya
 social economic development goals
 interviews with county governments

2.0 Analysis
2.1 Urban Areas Planning Literature and Services
Services in urban areas are the physical and related organisational
structures needed for society to operate. It is the foundation for
economic productivity and human wellbeing’ (Hall et al., 2012, p.1).
Hall et al., 2012 identifies and summarized seven broad sectors of
services as follows.

a. The energy sector:

Includes electricity, gas, solar, wind, other renewables and all their
ancillary ‘hardware’ e.g. power stations, grids and wind turbines.

b. Transport sector:
Includes road, rail, air, cycling and walking and all the supporting
Facilities e.g. the trunk road network, rail network, stations, airports
and seaports, cycle ways, and pedestrian facilities.

c. Water supply sector:

includes all infrastructure needed to supply domestic and non-
domestic users with water at appropriate quality and quantity, with
facilities that source water from rivers, estuaries, coasts and
groundwater sources through a system of water treatment plants and
pipes to end users.

d. Waste water sector:

Infrastructure required to process and dispose of waste water
E.g. the system of sewers, pumps and sewage treatment works.

e. Solid waste sector:

Infrastructure required to process and/or dispose of domestic and non-
domestic waste, including the system of transfer stations, recycling
and other processing facilities, land fill sites, and incinerators.

f. Information and communication technologies (ICT):

Comprises all communication and computation systems, including:
fixed and mobile telephony, broadband, television, navigation
systems, data and processing hubs, with the associated ‘hardware’ of:
wired and wireless networks (cables, masts, satellites), broadband,
voice, data, positioning and broadcast services.

g. Cultural and social infrastructure sector:

Comprises facilities needed to keep the population healthy, educated,
and with access to culture. This includes education facilities (e.g.
schools, colleges and universities), health facilities (e.g. doctors’
surgeries and hospitals) and cultural facilities (e.g. museums,
galleries, community venues).

h. ‘Green’ and ‘blue’ infrastructure:

The interconnected networks of land and water that support species,
maintain ecological processes, sustain air and water resources, and
contribute to the health and quality of life of communities and
individuals (Olofsdotter et al., 2013).
A key issue in most developed countries is that, with some notable
historic exceptions, the governance and planning of land
development, and hence of urban form, has struggled to cope with the
more unpredictable nature of ‘flows’. In addition, major decisions on
infrastructure/services are often made without considering spatial out
comes. This brings out the component of urban areas planning and
governance such as IUDPs, Development control, urban areas
administration and management, safety and security.
Likewise the human settlement strategy of 1978, physical planning
handbook was used to review services as provided in schedule one
urban areas and cities act.

2.2 The Constitution of Kenya

In chapter four the bill of rights part 42 and 43 of the constitution on
economic and social rights there are a must services that are to be
provided by the government. Such services including the right to good
health, clean water, clean environment, security education, sanitation
and housing can be implemented through the urban areas services.
Likewise chapter five on land and environment one can deduce the need
for an integrated urban development plans for urban areas so is chapter
eleven on devolved government part two section 184 as emphasized by the
county government act.
2.3 Social Economic Development Goals
The Goal and Strategic Objectives of Social economic development
goals are to enhance social well-being by improving access to health
care, enhanced education and social welfare. The government therefore
intends to enhance a cohesive society through sports, culture and provision
of quality education and training. This also gives direction what type of
services to be provided in our urban areas,
2.4 Summary Analysis of Urban Areas Services
Human settlement strategy 1978
Residential Civic services Education Health Recreation Communica Commercial
population services services /other social tion services
services
Category
Municipality 50,000 – -Fire station -University -Specialized -Museum/art -National -Hotels &
249,999 -Public water college Hospital centre trunk road restaurants
supply services -Teacher -Healthy -Public library -Post office -Banks &
-Electricity training college centre -Cinema theatre -Telephone insurance
-Sewerage -Secondary -Dispensary -Social hall services companies
disposal schools -Ambulance -Recreational - Regional -Wholesale
-Village park bus service facilities/mark
polytechnic -Stadium -Airport/ et
-Primary schools Airfield -Warehousing
-Nursery schools -Shopping
centres
-special retail
facilities

Town 10000 - -Public water -Secondary -Hospital -Library -Primary -Hotels &
49999 supply services schools -Healthy -Cinema hall road restaurants
-Electricity -Village centre -Social hall -Post office -Banks
-Sewerage polytechnic -Dispensary -Recreational -Telephone -Wholesale &
disposal -Primary schools -Ambulance park services retail facilities
-Nursery schools -Stadium -Regional -Large market
bus services -Industrial
-Airstrip development
centre

Market 2000 - -Public water -Secondary -Healthy -Mobile library -Secondary -Hotels &
centre 9999 supply services school centre services & minor restaurants
-Electricity -Village -Sub-health -Mobile cinema roads -Mobile Banks
 -Sewerage polytechnic centre -social hall -Post office services
disposal -Primary schools -Dispensary -sports -Telephone - General
-Nursery schools field/public services shops (Dukas)
meeting place -Regional - Market
-Showground bus services -Tea shops
-Bars -Airstrip
-Telephone
services
-Local bus
services
-Matatu
services
Physical planning hand book

Municipality 50,000 – -Piped water -Secondary -Referral -Recreational -Primary - Supermarket

249,999 supply schools Hospital services roads Administrative
-Sewage -Primary schools -Health -Social hall Unit
system and a -Nursery school centre Amphi-theater -Commercial,
disposal plant -library -Dispensary -Parks industrial
-Public toilets -Veterinary -Stadium -Stalls selling
-Police Station clinic -Playing fields local produce
-Piped water -Restaurants
supply
-Police post
-Power station
-Electricity

Town 10,000 - -Public toilets -Secondary -Hospital -Recreational -Internet - Supermarket

49,999 -Police Station schools -Health services cafes Administrative
-Piped water -Primary schools centre -Social hall -Airport and -Commercial,
supply -Nursery schools --Dispensary -Amphi-theater Airstrip industrial
-Sewage - VCT center -Veterinary -Parks -Public -Stalls selling
 disposals Library/Resourc clinic -Stadium Telephone local produce
-Electricity e center -Playing fields -Secondary -Baby-
-Power sub- roads changing
station -Postal areas
service -Restaurants

Market 2,000 – -Public water -Primary school -Dispensary -Telephone - Several

Centre 9,999 supply systems -Secondary -Health facilities shops
school centre -Post office - open air
-Piped water -Village - local bus market
supply polytechnic service - Social,
-Sewerage -Nursery school - Minor road commercial
disposals and local
systems administrative
- Electricity services
-Police post -Shopping
facilities
-Markets
-Banking
facilities
Urban areas & cities act

Municipality 50,000 – -IUDP - Libraries - -Sports - Traffic - Outdoor

249,999 -Planning & - Child Care Cemeteries & Cultural Control Advert
Development Facilities & Activities & Parking -Financial
Control - Pre-Primary Crematoria - Municipal - Public Hub
- Water & Facilities - Ambulance Stadium Transport -Casinos
Sanitation - Training Services - National - Airport/ -Management
- Street Institution - Health Theatre Airstrip of Markets
Lighting - National Facilities -Museum Airstrip -Hotel
- Storm School -County -Historical -Local -Homestays
Drainage -Religiuos Hospital Monument distributor -Guest
- Institution - Abattoirs -Recreational roads Houses
Administrative (schools & - Air Noise Parks -National -Financial
 Seat colleges) -Funeral -Marine TV Station Hub (Banks &
- Fire -Constituency Palour Waterfront -National insurance)
Fighting University -Animal -Community Radio
& Disaster Campuses control Centres Station
- Electricity -Polytechnics & Welfare -Municipal -Regional
Gas & -Training Stadium Radio
Reticulation Institutions -Stadium Station
- Refuse -National -National -Community
Collection School -Theatre Radio
- Solid Waste -County -Organized
Management School Public
-Emergency -Library Transport
Preparedness Service -Airport
-Postal -Airstrip
Services
-Fire
Station

Town 10,000 – -Street -Libraries -Cemeteries - Sports & Unclassified - Guest

49;999 Lighting - Child Care & Cultural Roads Houses
- Refuse Facilities Crematoria Activities - Postal - Home
Collection - Pre-Primary - Funeral - Community Services Stays
- Solid Waste Education Palour Centres - Regional -
Management Facilities - Health -Museum Radio Management
- - Religiuos Facilities - Historical Station of Markets
Administrative Institution - Abattoirs Monument - Airstrip -
Seat - Air Noise - Recreational Community
- Cemetery Parks Radio
- Animal - Marine
control Waterfront
& Welfare
-
Market 2000 - -IUDP - Child Care -Health -Sports & / -Bus park
centre 9999 - Street Facilities Facilities Cultural centers - Road
 Lighting -Primary - Pre- Facilities network/str
- Abattoirs/ School Primary - Community eets/
Slaughter -Polytechnic -Animal Centres streets/
House -Training control and - Recreational cycle ways/
- Refuse Institution welfare parks walkways/
Collection -County School sideways
- Solid waste
Management
-
Constitution and Social and Economic Development Goals
Town

General -Electricity - -Public - Public -Parks/recreation -Transport -Hotel

Waste Disposal education health spaces networks- - services
& -Public library - -Public - Department
Management/ Paramedic/ transport stores
Refuse ambulance Roads, Bus - Banking
collection -Food parks, -
services. inspection railway
-Sanitation/ -stations,
sewer -ports
-Water supply -Postal
services services
-Fire services -Fiber optic
-Housing cable
- Security – -Mobile
police communica
-Urban tion
planning coverage
-Courts/prison -Streets

3.0 Revised Schedule One

 From the above tables it emerges that that urban areas services can be classified into the following eight
broad themes.
1. Administrative & management services
2. Civic services
3. Security & safety
4. Education services
5. Health services
6. Recreation /other social services
7. Transport and Communication
8. Commercial services
Given the above and using broad thematic areas, the table below proposes minimum services for each
category of urban area as a revised version of schedule 1 of the Urban Areas and Cities Act

Proposed Draft Revised Schedule 1 minimum services per category of Urban Area
Residential Administrati Civic services Security & Education Health Recreation / Transport & Commercial
population ve & safety services services other social Communica services
management services tion
services services
Category
Municipa 50,000 – -IUDP, -Electricity -Emergency -University -Referral -Museum/ -National -Hotels &
lity 249,999 -IDep, -Sewerage & Disaster college Hospital art centre trunk road restaurants
-Planning disposal Preparedness -Teacher -Healthy -Public -Primary & -Banks &
Unit - - Water & -Police training centre library secondary insurance
Planning & Sanitation station college -Dispensary -Cinema roads services
Development - Solid Waste -Fire station -Public -Ambulance theatre -Local roads -Super
Control Management & Fire Secondary services -Social halls system markets
-Technical -Postal Fighting schools - VCT center - -Bus park -Wholesale
staff & Services services -polytechnic -Veterinary Recreational -Designated Markets
 equipment -Housing - Street -Public clinic parks bus stages -Retail
-GIS Lab -Abattoirs Lighting Primary Services- -Stadium -Parking lots markets
- -Public -Municipal schools -Food -Playing services -
Administrata Toilets security -Public inspection Fields - Regional Warehousin
tive Office inspectorate Nursery - public - bus services g
space unit schools health Cemeteries -Local -Shopping
-Municipal -courts/ - Libraries services & transportati centres
Board prison - Child Care - Air Noise Crematoria on -Casinos
-Municipal Facilities -Funeral -Historical system -Guest
development -Public Palour/ Monument -Post office Houses
enforcement Training Mortuary -Marine -Local - Industrial
unit Institutions Waterfront bus/Matatu developmen
- -Religious services t park
Administrativ Institution -Telephone
e (schools & services
Seat colleges) -Airport
-Airstrip
-Railway
station
-Cyber cafes
-Fiber optic
cable
-Mobile
Network
coverage
-Public
telephone
services
-Traffic
Control

Town 10000 -49999 -IUDP, -Electricity -Police -Public -Healthy -Library -Secondary -Hotels &
-IDep, -Sewerage station Secondary centre (level services road restaurants
-Planning disposal Fire schools 3) -Social -Bus park -Banks
 Unit - - Water & Fighting -polytechnic -Dispensary /community -Designated -Wholesale
Planning & Sanitation services -T/vet -Ambulance hall bus stages & retail
Development - Solid Waste - Street -Public services - -Post office shops
Control Management Lighting Primary -- VCT center Recreational -Telephone - Wholesale
-Technical -Postal -Town schools -Veterinary park services Market
staff & Services security -Public clinic -sports -Mobile
equipment -Housing inspectorate Nursery Services- field/public Network -Covered &
-GIS Lab -Slaughter unit schools - public -Stadium coverage open air
- house - Libraries health - market
Administrata services/Res services Bus/Matatu -Industrial
tive Office ource centre -Mortuary /Motor developmen
space -Technical Cycle t centre (Jua
-Town training services - kali sheds)
committee college Airstrip
-Town -Religious
development Institution
enforcement (schools &
unit colleges)

Market 2000 - 9999 -IUDP -Electricity -Secondary -Sub-health -social - Minor -Mobile
centre -Local -Sewerage school centre (Level /community roads Banks
Administrativ disposal -Village 1&2) hall -Sub-Post services
e Office - Water & polytechnic -Dispensary -sports office - General
-County Sanitation -Primary -Veterinary field/public -Telephone shops
development -Sub-Post schools Services meeting services (Dukas)
enforcement office -Nursery - Ambulance place -Mobile - Covered &
unit -Slaughter schools Services --Playing network open air
slab -Religious field coverage Market
- Street Institutions -Cyber cafes -Tea shops
Lighting/Mw (schools & -Local
alika Mwizi colleges) Bus/Matatu
- Refuse /Motor
Collection Cycle
points & services
Dump site