Krajewski Om9 Tif SuppH

Supplement H  Measuring Output Rates
Supplement
H Measuring Output Rates
TRUE/FALSE
1. A work standard is the time required for a trained worker to perform a task following a
prescribed method with normal effort and skill.
Answer: True
Reference: Introduction
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: work standard
2. The work measurement process creates labor standards based on the judgment of skilled
observers.
Answer: True
Reference: Methods of Work Measurement
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: work measurement, labor standard
3. A time study is the method most often used for setting time standards for a job.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Keywords: study time, standards
4. The select time is the average observed time based only on representative times.
Answer: True
Keywords: select time
5. The snap-back method of time study resets the stopwatch to zero on the completion of
each work element.
Answer: True
Keywords: snap-back method, time study
6. The standard time for a work element is found by multiplying the select time by a
performance rating factor.
Answer: False
Keywords: standard time, work element
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Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education
7. The performance rating factor in a time study is a totally objective measure.

Answer: False
Keywords: performance rating factor
8. Fatigue, rest, or unavoidable delays are not factored into a work standard by the
performance rating factor.
Answer: True
Keywords: allowance time, performance rating factor
9. Time studies are appropriate for setting time standards for tasks that are different each
time.
Answer: False
Keywords: time study, standards
10. Elemental standard time data cannot be used to develop time standards for new work
before production begins.
Answer: False
Keywords: elemental standard time
11. The methods time measurement system is a predetermined data system.

Answer: True
Keywords: MTM, methods time measurement
12. The predetermined data approach does not eliminate the need for time studies.
Answer: False
Keywords: predetermined data approach, time studies
13. A predetermined data approach to time standards can be completed only after actual
production begins.
Answer: False
Keywords: methods time measurement, predetermined data approach
14. When using work sampling, the times of day to collect data samples are selected at
random over the length of the study.
Answer: True
Keywords: work sampling data
787
15. The more frequently the activity occurs, the longer the time period should be when
conducting a work sampling study.
Answer: False
Keywords: work sampling, frequency
16. Special training is required for observers using work sampling.

Answer: False
Keywords: work sampling
17. As the sample size increases in a work sampling study, the maximum error decreases.
Answer: True
Keywords: sample, size, maximum, error
MULTIPLE CHOICE
18. Work standards would NOT be helpful for management in which area?
a. Developing costs for current and new products.
b. Determining current and projected capacity requirements for a given demand.
c. Comparing different routings for an item and evaluating new work methods and
equipment.
d. Forecasting demand for current products.
Answer: d
Reference: Work Standards
Keywords: work standards
19. The method used most often for setting time standards for a job is:
a. the elemental standard data approach.
b. the time study method.
c. the predetermined data approach.
d. the work sampling method.
Answer: b
Keywords: stopwatch study
788
20. Timing the work elements using the snap-back method requires:
a. the worker to perform each job element as quickly as possible.
b. a larger sample size than using the continuous method.
c. the use of two stopwatches.
d. a smaller sample size than using the continuous method.
Answer: c
Keywords: stopwatch study, snap-back method
21. Garman observes a worker assembling peanut valves and records the data
displayed in the table. What is the select time for this job element?
Time (seconds) Observations
20 15
25 12
30 12
a. 15 seconds
b. 20 seconds
c. 25 seconds
d. 30 seconds
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: stopwatch study, select time
22. Garman observes a worker assembling peanut valves and records the data
displayed in the table. During one of the cycles, the worker knocked the shaft out
of the fixture and had to realign the fixtures. What is the select time for this job
element?
Time (seconds) Observations
20 15
25 12
30 12
240 1
a. Less than 23 seconds
b. Greater than or equal to 23 seconds but less than 26 seconds
c. Greater than or equal to 26 seconds but less than 29 seconds
d. Greater than or equal to 29 seconds
Answer: b
789
23. Keith assembles peanut valves and the recorded data is displayed in the table. What is the
select time for this job element?
Time (minutes) Observations
2.5 15
3.0 23
3.5 27
a. Greater than or equal to 3 minutes
b. Less than 3 minutes but greater than or equal to 2.7 minutes
c. Less than 2.7 minutes but greater than or equal to 2.4 minutes
d. Less than 2.4 minutes
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
24. Keith assembles peanut valves and the recorded data is displayed in the table. During one
of the cycles, he pauses to answer a phone call from his friend who suggests that he seek
employment elsewhere. Keith fields calls with some regularity, but that’s not considered
part of his routine job responsibilities. What is the select time for this job element?
Time (minutes) Observations
2.5 15
3.0 23
3.5 25
10 1
a. Greater than or equal to 3.2 minutes
b. Less than 3.2 minutes but greater than or equal to 2.8 minutes
c. Less than 2.8 minutes but greater than or equal to 2.4 minutes
d. Less than 2.4 minutes
Answer: b
25. Which one of the following statements about work measurement methods is TRUE?
a. The two methods of using a stopwatch in time studies are historical and snap-back.
b. The time study method is usually used for less-repetitive work with no definite work
cycle.
c. With the time study method, the analyst assigns a performance rating factor (RF) to
the work’s performance. A value of RF greater than 1 means the worker is slower
than a standard worker.
d. The work sampling method needs many observations.
Answer: d
Keywords: work measurement methods, work sampling
790
26. Which one of the following statements about the time study method is TRUE?
a. It is most appropriate for “thinking” jobs such as an automobile mechanic’s diagnosis
of a problem.
b. It is used most often for setting time standards.
c. Using the time study method technique, time standards can be set for new jobs before
production begins.
d. Performance ratings are not needed in the derivation of time standards.
Answer: b
Keywords: time study, standards
27. Which one of the following statements about work measurement is TRUE?
a. Work sampling is a technique to determine the proportion of time spent on different
activities.
b. In determining the normal time for the cycle, using a rating factor less than one (1.0)
will increase the total time allowed for a job to be performed, relative to the select
time.
c. Machine standards are more difficult to develop than labor standards.
d. The time study method is most appropriate for non-repetitive jobs in which the nature
of the task differs each time.
Answer: a
Keywords: work measurement, sampling
28. A time study analyst is attempting to determine the standard time for a work element. She
or he observes a worker performing the work element at a lower-than-average pace. How
will this fact be reflected in the time standard that is eventually created?
a. The frequency of the work element per cycle will be increased.
b. The proportion of allowance time will be increased above 1.0.
c. The performance rating factor will be set less than 1.0.
d. The normal time for the work element will be increased.
Answer: c
Keywords: performance rating factor
29. To set a time standard for a machining operation, the least likely approach to be used is
the:
a. Time study method
b. Elemental standard data approach
c. Predetermined data approach
d. Work sampling method
Answer: d
791
30. With a time study approach, the:

a. nature of the task can be different with each replication, and the standards will still be
good.
b. skill of the observer is not very important.
c. sample size is a function of the desired precision of the time estimate.
d. sample size is typically larger than required for the work sampling approach.
Answer: c
Keywords: time study, sample size, precision
31. When using a time study approach, the standard time is:
a. the normal time per cycle multiplied by 1.0 plus the allowance.
b. the select time multiplied by the rating factor, summed over all work elements.
c. the select time plus z times the standard deviation.
d. the normal time plus z times the standard deviation.
Answer: a
Keywords: time study, standard time
32. An analyst using a time study approach:

a. observes the worker at random times, categorizing what he or she is doing at that
time.
b. must rate the performance of the worker on each element of the total task.
c. divides the total task into micro-motions such as “reach” and “grasp” and then times
the worker on each one.
d. should use all observations in determining the standard, regardless of how irregular
they might be, to be fair to the worker.
Answer: b
Keywords: time study, performance rating
33. With the use of the elemental standard data approach:

a. there is no need to estimate allowances.
b. managers can develop standards for new work before production begins.
c. time studies are not needed.
d. the need to specify job variables that affect times for each work element is
eliminated.
Answer: b
Keywords: elemental standard data
792
34. The advantage of using the predetermined data approach for setting standards is that:
a. it allows the setting of standards for a new job before production begins.
b. the predetermined data are representative of all workers, without question.
c. it does not require any special training to use it.
d. it can be used on jobs in which the times to perform the micro-motions are sequence
dependent.
Answer: a
Keywords: predetermined data, standards
35. The work measurement technique that breaks down tasks into a series of generic micro-
motions is the:
a. time study method.
b. elemental standard data approach.
c. predetermined data approach.
d. work sampling method.
Answer: c
Keywords: micro-motion, work measurement, predetermined data
36. With the use of the methods time measurement approach:

a. stopwatches are needed to time the elements that go together to make a task.
b. there is a problem of biased judgment because performance ratings are needed to
derive standards.
c. work must be broken down into micro-motions.
d. an analyst consults tables that contain the select times for a variety of work elements.
Answer: c
Keywords: methods time management, micro-motions
37. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the MTM approach?

a. A performance rating factor greater than 1.0 means the worker under observation is
working slowly.
b. A frequency of less than 1.0 means that the job element is not performed during
every cycle.
c. A performance rating factor less than 1.0 means the worker under observation is not
producing output that has high quality.
d. A negative allowance time means that the worker under observation is taking
excessive breaks.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: methods time measurement, MTM, frequency
793
38. When using the MTM approach:

a. stopwatches are needed to time the elements that go together to make a task.
b. there is a problem of biased judgment because performance ratings are needed to
derive standards.
c. an analyst consults tables that contain the select times for a variety of work elements.
d. new work methods can be compared without conducting a time study.
Answer: d
Keywords: methods time measurement, MTM
39. A major disadvantage of the work sampling method of work measurement is that:
a. observers must be specially trained.
b. only one study can be conducted at a time.
c. it can be used only in hospital settings.
d. a large number of observations are often required.
Answer: d
Keywords: work sampling, work measurement
40. During a time study, the following times were observed for a particular job using the
continuous (non-snapback) method: 22, 51, 72, 98, 128, and 150 seconds. There is only
one element per cycle. The sample standard deviation of the observed times has already
been computed as 3.9 seconds. If an estimate for the average time that is within 4 percent
of the true long-range average 95 percent (z = 1.96) of the time is desired, how many
additional observations are needed?
a. Fewer than or equal to 40
b. Greater than 40 but fewer than or equal to 55
c. Greater than 55 but fewer than or equal to 70
d. Greater than 70
Answer: c
Keywords: sample size, continuous stopwatch method
41. An industrial engineer is conducting a time study for a work element. The select time is
7.5 minutes, and the sample standard deviation of the observed time is one minute. What
is the appropriate sample size if the estimate is to be 3 percent of the true average time 95
percent of the time (z = 1.96)?
d. Greater than 90
Answer: b
Keywords: sample size, time study
794
42. An industrial engineer is conducting a time study for a work element. The select time is
4.5 minutes, and the sample standard deviation of the observed time is 20 seconds. What
is the appropriate sample size if the estimate is to be 5 percent of the true average time 95
percent of the time?
a. Fewer than or equal to seven
b. Greater than seven but fewer than or equal to eight
c. Greater than eight but fewer than or equal to nine
d. Greater than nine
Answer: c
Keywords: sample size, time study
43. A worker was observed for four cycles of a repetitive task. The observer used the
continuous method for recording the times. The continuous times (in seconds) for each
element are:
Which one of the following are the “select times” ( ) for each element? The first number
is the select time for the first element, the second number is the select time for the second
element, and so on.
a. 19.5, 23, 25, 30
b. 1.5, 3.5, 5, 2
c. 2, 3, 2, 5
d. 1.5, 3.5, 2, 5
Answer: d
Keywords: select time
44. A time study analyst is determining the standard time for a work element. The select time
is 6.0 minutes, and the standard deviation of the select time is 2.2 minutes, based on a
pilot sample of 20 observations. What is the appropriate sample size if the estimate for
the select time is to be within 10 percent of the true average time 95 percent of the time (z
= 1.96)?
a. Fewer than 30 observations
b. Greater than or equal to 30 observations but fewer than 40 observations
c. Greater than or equal to 40 observations but fewer than or equal to 50 observations
d. Greater than or equal to 50 observations
Answer: d
Keywords: sample size
795
Table H.1
A worker was observed for four cycles in a repetitive task that contains four distinct elements.
The observer recorded the following items in seconds, using the continuous method.
Element Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4

1 12 66 111 168
2 21 75 122 185
3 37 86 133 200
4 53 89 146 209
45. Use the information in Table H.1. What is the select time for work element 3?
a. Fewer than 12 seconds
b. Greater than or equal to 12 seconds but fewer than 13 seconds
c. Greater than or equal to 13 seconds but fewer than or equal to 14 seconds
Answer: c
Keywords: select time, work element
46. Use the information in Table H.1. Assuming that work element 4 receives a performance
rating factor of 1.2 and is performed once per cycle, what is the normal time for this work
element?
c. Greater than or equal to 11 seconds but fewer than 12 seconds
Answer: d
Keywords: normal time, performance rating factor
47. Use the information in Table H.1. Work element 1 receives a performance rating factor of
1.4 and is performed every other cycle. If the company uses an allowance time of 15
percent, what is the standard time for this work element?
Answer: c
Keywords: standard time, allowance
796
Answer: a
49. Use the information in Table H.1. Assume that work element 1 receives a performance
rating factor of 1.1 and all other elements receive a rating of 1.2. If work elements 1 and
3 are performed every other cycle, and elements 2 and 4 are performed every cycle, what
is the normal time for the complete cycle?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Keywords: normal time, performance rating factor, cycle
50. Use the information in Table H.1. Assume that work element 1 receives a performance
rating factor of 1.2 and all other elements receive a rating of 1.1. If work element 2 is
performed every other cycle but every other element is performed every cycle, and the
company has an allowance time of 0.10, what is the standard time for the complete cycle?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Keywords: standard time, allowance, cycle
797
Table H.2
Work Element t (sec) RF F

1 5.6 1.1 1
2 3.1 1.0 1
3 1.9 1.1 1
4 4.0 0.8 2
51. Use the information in Table H.2. Which work element will take the longest for an
average worker to perform per cycle?
a. Work element 1
b. Work element 2
c. Work element 3
d. Work element 4
Answer: d
Keywords: normal time, standard time
52. Use the information in Table H.2. If the allowance for this task is 20 percent, what is the
standard time for the entire task?
d. Greater than 24 seconds
Answer: b
Keywords: standard time
53. A time study analysis was performed on a task with two work elements. The select times
for these work elements are 21.0 seconds and 13.0 seconds, with rating factors of 1.1 and
1.2, respectively. Each work element is performed twice per cycle. If an allowance of 20
percent is used, what is the standard time for this task?
Answer: d
798
54. If a worker spends 10 hours per day performing a task, and the allowance for this task is
19 percent, how many hours during the average day is the worker involved in
nonproductive activities?
a. Fewer than 1.75
b. Greater than or equal to 1.75 hours but fewer than 5 hours
c. Greater than or equal to 5.00 hours but fewer than 8.25
d. Greater than or equal to 8.25 hours
Answer: a
Table H.3
A worker was observed for four cycles in a repetitive task. The observer recorded the following
times, in seconds, using the continuous method. The ratings for each element and frequency it is
performed are also indicated in the table. The allowance fraction is 20 percent.
Element Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Rating Frequency

1 15 106 208 309 1.10 1.0
2 37 131 234 334 1.05 0.5
3 47 143 245 348 1.20 0.5
4 90 190 293 392 1.15 1.0
Answer: b
56. Use the information in Table H.3. What is the normal time for work element 2?
Answer: d
Keywords: normal time, performance rating factor
799
57. Use the information in Table H.3. What is the standard time for work element 1?
Answer: c
Keywords: standard time, allowance
Answer: c
59. Use the information in Table H.3. What is the normal time for the complete cycle?
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Keywords: normal time, performance rating factor, cycle
60. Use the information in Table H.3. What is the standard time for the complete cycle?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Keywords: standard time, allowance, cycle
61. A time study analyst has found the select time for a work element to be 14.0 minutes,
with a sample standard deviation of 3.2 minutes. What is the minimum sample size
needed if the estimate is to be within 4 percent of the average 95 percent of the time (z =
1.96)?
a. Fewer than 100
b. Greater than or equal to 100 but fewer than 140
c. Greater than or equal to 140 but fewer than 180
d. Greater than or equal to 180
Answer: b
800
62. At a new watch assembly plant, a job is divided into three work elements. The element
times for the first four cycles are recorded by the continuous method and are presented
below along with a performance rating factor (RF) for each element.
Observation (time in min)
Work Element 1 2 3 4 RF
1 0.50 2.32 4.22 6.16 1.0
2 1.45 3.24 5.20 7.06 1.1
3 1.87 3.62 5.61 7.49 0.9
The standard time for this job, assuming that the allowance is 18 percent, is:
a. fewer than or equal to 1.9 minutes.
b. greater than 1.9 minutes but fewer than or equal to 2.0 minutes.
c. greater than 2.0 minutes but fewer than or equal to 2.1 minutes.
d. greater than 2.1 minutes.
Answer: d
63. An observer has recorded the following select ( ) for a five-part task and has applied a
rating factor (RF) to each. The times are in seconds. If there is a 15 percent allowance for
“nonproductive” activities, compute the standard time for the total task.
Element RF
1 6.2 0.9
2 1.7 1.1
3 4.5 1.2
4 1.2 0.8
5 5.0 1.2
The standard time for the task is:
a. fewer than or equal to 21 seconds.
b. greater than 21 seconds but fewer than or equal to 23 seconds.
c. greater than 23 seconds but fewer than or equal to 25 seconds.
d. greater than 25 seconds.
Answer: b
64. A worker was observed for four cycles of a repetitive operation. The observed times for
work elements are 11, 10, 8, and 11 seconds, respectively. What sample size is
appropriate for estimating the time for this work element within + 3 percent of the true
mean time with 95 percent confidence (z = 1.96)?
d. Greater than 80
Answer: d
801
65. The following times in seconds were observed for a particular one-element job using the
continuous method: 12, 22, 35, and 50. The worker’s rating factor is 1.1. What is the
standard time for the job if an allowance of 20 percent is provided?
a. Fewer than or equal to 14 seconds
b. Greater than 14 but fewer than or equal to 15 seconds
c. Greater than 15 but fewer than or equal to 16 seconds
d. Greater than 16
Answer: d
66. A manager wants to determine the proportion of time a cashier is idle. A work sampling
method was used, and the idle time was found to be 20 percent based on 100
observations. If the manager wants a + 0.05 with a 95 percent confidence level (z = 1.96),
how many MORE observations are needed?
d. Greater than 400
Answer: a
67. A work sampling method is used to determine the proportion of the time a worker is idle.
The following information was gathered on a random basis.
Day No. Times Total No.

Clerk Idle Observations
Monday 2 8
Tuesday 4 10
Wednesday 2 10
Thursday 4 12
If the manager wants a 95 percent confidence level (z = 1.96) and a degree of precision of +
0.03, how many more observations are needed?
c. Greater than 800 but fewer than or equal to 1,000
d. Greater than 1,000
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
802
68. A supermarket administrator suspects that idle time is about 20 percent for the cashier
and 15 percent for the office clerk. If the administrator wants a 95 percent confidence
level (z = 1.96) and a degree of precision of + 0.05 for both cashier and office clerk, how
many TOTAL observations are needed?
d. Greater than 400
Answer: b
69. A job shop manager wants to determine the proportion of time the workers are idle. The
shop employs two types of workers. Type 1 includes three workers and Type 2 includes
two workers. The manager suspects that the proportion of idle time is about 20 percent
for Type 1 workers and 15 percent for Type 2 workers. If the manager wants a 95 percent
confidence level (z = 1.96) and a degree of precision of + 0.05, how many trips will the
observers have to take through the group?
d. Greater than 100
Answer: c
70. A work sampling method is used to determine the proportion of the time a worker is idle.
The following information was gathered on a random basis.
Day No. Times Total No.

Clerk Idle Observations
Monday 8 26
Tuesday 8 32
Wednesday 7 28
Thursday 7 34
If the manager wants a 95 percent confidence level (z = 1.96) and a degree of precision of
+ 0.03, how many MORE observations are needed?
d. Greater than 900
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
803
FILL IN THE BLANK
71. A(n) ____________ is the time required for a trained worker to perform a task following
a prescribed method with normal effort and skill.
Answer: work standard
Reference: Introduction
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: work standard
72. The process of creating labor standards based on the judgment of skilled observers is
____________.
Answer: Work measurement
Difficulty: Easy
Keywords: work measurement
73. The key to creating a work standard is defining ____________.

Answer: normal performance
Keywords: work standard, normal performance
74. The most commonly used method for setting a time standard is called a(n)
____________.
Answer: time study
Keywords: time study, time standard
75. The ____________ is a measurement found by multiplying the select time, the frequency
of work, and the rating factor.
Answer: normal time, NT
Keywords: normal time, NT
76. The ____________ is time added to adjust for factors such as fatigue or equipment
malfunction.
Answer: allowance time
Keywords: allowance, time, fatigue, equipment malfunction
77. An analyst divides each work element into a series of micro-motions common to a variety
of tasks when using the ____________.
Answer: predetermined data approach
Keywords: predetermined data approach, micromotion
804
78. The ____________ system features a database with micromotions such as reach, move,
apply pressure, grasp, and turn.
Answer: MTM/methods time measurement/MTM-1
Keywords: predetermined data approach, micromotion, MTM, methods time
measurement
79. ____________ involves estimating the proportion of time spent by people and machines
on activities, based on a large number of observations.
Answer: Work sampling
SHORT ANSWERS
80. Are time standards more useful for manufacturing or service processes? Why?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Keywords: time standards
81. How can work standards be developed for higher level services and creative processes?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Keywords: time standards, work standards
82. Name the four steps in a time study.

Answer: The four steps are selecting work elements, timing the elements, determining
the sample size, and setting the standard.
Keywords: time study, steps
83. Why is a sampling schedule important in a work sampling study?

Answer: A sampling schedule should determine when the workers are to be observed
because the observations are just snapshots of time. In addition, the observation times
should be randomized to avoid biases in worker performance.
Keywords: sampling schedule, work sampling study
805
84. What are the strengths and limitations of the time study method when compared to work
sampling, and for which applications are each best suited?
Answer: Both are direct observation methods. However, a time study observes several
cycles of work elements to determine a time standard, whereas work sampling takes
“snapshots” of the facility to determine the percentage of time engaged in an activity.
Time studies require experienced analysts, should not be used for tasks that vary each
time, and are many times found to be objectionable to workers. Work sampling does not
require special training and is generally accepted by workers because it tends to examine
activities of the group rather than of the individual. In addition, many work sampling
studies can be conducted simultaneously.
Keywords:, time study method, work sampling
PROBLEMS
85. A pilot work study has been conducted on a new operation with four work elements. The
following times, in seconds, were obtained using the continuous method.
Observations
Element 1 2 3 4 5 RF
1 11.00 45.00 80.00 117.00 153.00 1.10
2 20.00 54.00 89.00 125.00 161.00 1.05
3 25.00 58.00 95.00 131.00 166.00 0.85
a. What is the normal time for this operation?

b. If an allowance of 20 percent is used, what is the standard time for this task?
c. What sample size is appropriate for estimating the time for element 3 within + 3
percent of the true mean time with 95 percent confidence (z = 1.96)?
Answer:
Precision (p) 0.03 Allowance 0.20

Standard deviations
(z) 1.96
Rating Select Std. Deviation Required Normal

Sample
Work Element Factor Freq. Time (sigma) Size Times
1 1.1 1 19.40 4.7749 258.58 21.34
2 1.05 1 8.60 0.5477 17.31 9.03
3 0.85 1 5.20 0.8367 110.50 4.42
a. Total Normal Time 34.79

b. Standard Time 41.748
c. Required Sample Size 259
a. Normal time = 34.79

b. Standard time = 41.748
c. Sample size = 259
Keywords: standard time, normal time, sample size
806
86. An undergraduate business student studies diligently in the library during dead week in
anticipation of an outstanding performance on her final exams. She asks a friend to spy
on her at random intervals to determine what percentage of time she is actually studying.
Over the course of three days, her friend records the following observations:
Times Times Not

Observation Period Studying Studying Observations
Monday 20 3 23
Tuesday 21 4 25
Wednesday 10 1 11
Total 51 8 59
If the student wants a 95 percent confidence level (z = 1.96) and a degree of precision of +
0.08, how many more observations are needed?
Answer:
There have already been 59 observations, so 12 more observations are needed.

Keywords: work sampling, sample size
807

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Supplement H  Measuring Output Rates

H Measuring Output Rates

7. The performance rating factor in a time study is a totally objective measure.

11. The methods time measurement system is a predetermined data system.

16. Special training is required for observers using work sampling.

30. With a time study approach, the:

32. An analyst using a time study approach:

33. With the use of the elemental standard data approach:

36. With the use of the methods time measurement approach:

37. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the MTM approach?

38. When using the MTM approach:

Element Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4

Work Element t (sec) RF F

Element Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Rating Frequency

Keywords: sample size

Day No. Times Total No.

Day No. Times Total No.

FILL IN THE BLANK

73. The key to creating a work standard is defining ____________.

82. Name the four steps in a time study.

83. Why is a sampling schedule important in a work sampling study?

a. What is the normal time for this operation?

Precision (p) 0.03 Allowance 0.20

Rating Select Std. Deviation Required Normal

a. Total Normal Time 34.79

a. Normal time = 34.79

Times Times Not

There have already been 59 observations, so 12 more observations are needed.

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