9.

1 - INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING

The ISO language is particularly suitable for machine tools that perform many functions.
The tube bending machine needs a limited number of functions, therefore the present manual contains only
explanations for the most common codes used during the bending processes.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE

A CNC program consists of a series of structured instructions, in a language that can be understood by the
Numeric Control, defining the movement of axes, auxiliary movements, pressure adjustments, computations
and measurements.

A program consists of :

- an alphanumeric number: ending in MPF

- a given number of blocks
- an end of programme character: system code - M30

Example:

Bending cycle with carriage pulled by the tube

N1 M60 LF
N2 G90 G0 X200 C0 B0 LF
N3 M40 M42 LF
N4 C90 LF
N5 M41 M43LF
N6 X100 C0 LF
N7 M30 LF

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 SUB-PROGRAM STRUCTURE

A program can contain several sub-programs created by either the manufacturer or the customer.

When the same operation is repeated during the execution of a piece, it can be entered into a sub-program
and be recalled as many times as is needed during the piece program, by means of a manual introduction.

To launch a sub-programme from a given piece programme, use the L address, followed by the number of
the relevant sub-programme or by its name, followed by the letters "SPF" and by the number of repetitions
under the address P.

Example: L10 P1

Sub-programs consist of:

- an alphanumeric number followed by SPF.

- a given number of blocks
- an end of sub-program character: system code - M17.

Example:

N1 M60 LF.
N2 G90 G0 X200 C0 B0 LF.
N3 L20
N4 M40 M42 LF.
N5 C90 LF.
N6 M41 M43 M45LF.
N7 X100 C0 LF.
N8 M17 LF.

BLOCK

A block is a sequence of instructions defining path operations (axes), auxiliary functions (code M),
computations, etc.
It is made up of several characters and contains the end of block character (LF).

Example:

G90 G0 X1000 M43 LF.

A block can be found under the address N. It is not indispensable, but facilitates program reading.

Example:

N456 G90 G0 X1000 M43 LF.

PROGRAMMING CODES

To formulate your instructions, the following characters are available:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

% ( ) + - x : = /

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9.2 - BASIC PROGRAMMING

PATH INFORMATION

X-axis: bending head horizontal movement (only for CA SMALL 516)

Example: X = 100

Origin 0 bending former axis in centre line of the positioning carriage collet sleeve
Positive direction (+) right-hand movement.
Negative direction (-) left-hand movement.

FC 101.00 mm
FC 9.00 mm
IndEX 30.00 mm
Max. 30000 mm/min.
speed

Y-axis : carriage linear movement

Example: Y = 1500

Origin 0 bending former axis corresponding to the positioning carriage collet front.
Positive direction (+) moves away from the bending former (backward).
Negative direction (-) approaches the bending former (forward).

FC+ 770.00 mm
FC- 22.00 mm
Index 400.00 mm
Max. 120000 mm/min.
speed

Z-axis : bending head vertical axis (only CA 525 – 425Z)

Example: Z = 70

Origin 0 main surface of the upper equipment

Negative direction (+) towards the bending former higher groove.
Positive direction (+) towards the bendino former groove nearer to the assembly basement.

FC+ 85.10 mm
FC- 23.70 mm
Index 40.00 mm
Max. 15000 mm/min.
speed

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B-axis: rotation axis
Example: B = 180

Origin 0 unimportant.
Positive direction (+) clockwise.
Negative direction (-) anticlockwise.

FC+ 190
FC- -190
Index 0.00 degrees
Max. 54000
speed degrees/min.

C-axis: bending

Example: C = 90

Origin 0 arm parallel to head frame.

Positive direction (+) bending
Negative direction (-) return

FC+ 184.00 degrees

FC- -0.1 degrees
Index 7.60 degrees
Max. speed 18000 °/min.

NOTE: The axes index value is only approximate and can change considerably.

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 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS

Auxiliary functions are defined under address M.

Each M code implies an action of some kind on the movements or operations of the bending machine.
A block may include a maximum of 5 M functions.

M Function
M0 Programmed stop
M17 Sub-program end
M30 Program end
M40 Clamp closing
M41 Clamp opening
M42 Pressure-die closing
M43 Pressure-die opening
M60 Collet closing
M61 Collet opening
M64 Tube support lifting
M65 Tube support lowering
M70 Carriage tracking (CARRIAGE free during bending)
To run the bending cycle with closed COLLET
Enter M70 into the block preceding the CLAMP closing control (before bending).
M70 is active for each bend until the controls M71 or M61 or until the program reset..
The POSITIONER COLLET should remain closed during bending (M60).
M71 Carriage follow-up link (CARRIAGE controlled during bending)
Enter M71 into the block preceding the CLAMP closing control (before bending).
M71 is the default value and is reset only by reading M70.

G0 Movement at maximum speed

G01 Movement at speed programmed with F=
G4 Delay at block programmed with F=(Time)
G90 (AC) Axis absolute movement
G91 (IC) Movement at maximum speed

Clamp and pressare-die closing (M40 e M42) should be programmed on two

different rows.

In case the tube support is used, during the support lifting (M64) the positioner
carrier should be outside the device overall dimensions. For the tube support
lowering (M65), it is necessary to program the M65 function twice on 2 successive
rows.
Ex:
Y500
M65
M65
Y200

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 PARAMETERS

In a program, parameters replace the numeric values of addresses.

The user can assign values in the program, so as to use the same program for several similar applications.

Parameters are made up of the R-address and of a number of maximum three figures.

Example: R 123

Instead of being associated to a value, a parameter can be associated to all addresses.

Example: X = R34

Possible parameter combinations:

Definition R1 = 100
Assignment R1 = R2
Negation R1 = -R2
Addition R1 = R2 + R3
Subtraction R1 = R2 - R3
Multiplication R1 = R2* R3
Division R1 = R2 / R3

All operations can be combined.

Example:

R10 = 10 + R11
R1 = R2 + R3 - R4 * R5 / R6 ((max. 10 parameters)

STANDARD R PARAMETERS USED IN THE “LOAD” SUB-PROGRAM

R PAR Function in general

R1 Y-axis value for tube gripping by loading collet
R4 Initial collet pre-set
R6 Tube length
R10 Negative working field Y-axis (Y limit switch)
R11 Bending radius (X-axis value)
R12 Straight part on the tube (Y-axis value)
R13 Height of bending former groove (Z-axis value)
R14 B-axis reference rotation
R22*
R44 B-axis position before tube loading

Note: Parameters marked with an asterisk (*) do not need to be entered, since they will be computed
AUTOMATICALLY during the execution of the program.

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9.3 - ADVANCED PROGRAMMING

INTRODUCTION

The described programming is enough to carry out one piece. There are also other codes allowing a wider
machine use.

OPTIONAL BLOCKS

Programme blocks, which do not need to be read at each execution of the program, can be skipped simply
by typing the bar character " / " at the beginning of the block.
The " optional block" function can be activated in the page " PROGRAMME influence".

ORIGIN SHIFTING

The origin shifting is the translation (movement) of a distance between piece and machine origin.

Example : If you need to use an "articulated" collet, you would need to create a distance on the Y-axis
between the bending former and the collet head.

The origin shiftings "G54 - G57" can be adjusted according to the axis and can be introduced into the
program.

Example: G58 X= -30 LF

Gli spostamenti di origine programmabile sono cancellati al momento di un fine programma M30 o di un
reset.

Programmable origin shiftings are cancelled at each program end M30 or in case of reset.

PROGRAMMABLE LIMIT OF THE WORKING AREA

The programmable limit of the working area guarantees a protection of the machine in case of any mistake in
programming or false moves.

This limit is called G25 or G26.

G25 Minimum limit of the working area

G26 Maximum limit of the working area

Example:

G25 X= 20 LF
G26 A= 100 LF

CONTINUOUS OPERATION

1- At the block end, the G641 function allows the speed to be reduced without stopping.
G641 is modal.

2- The G60 function allows going back to a specific stop point at the block end.

See chapter 7.2 of the SIEMENS Manual (“Basic Concepts").

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