Life Sciences

Grade 10

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SESSION 5: ANIMAL TISSUES

KEY CONCEPTS

In this session we will focus on summarising what you need to know about:

 Epithelial Tissue
 Connective Tissue
 Muscle Tissue
 Nervous Tissue.
 Applications of IKS and biotechnology –traditional, medical, cloning, stem
cells – ethics & laws

X-PLANATION

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EPITHELIAL TISSUE

 Tightly-joined closely-packed cells.

 One side of epithelium FREE, other side attached to a basement membrane

General Functions:

 Covers the outside of the body and lines the internal organs and cavities
 Protection against mechanical injury, invasive micro organisms, and fluid loss
 Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules

COLUMNAR SQUAMOS
Why? Why?
Support, absorption, Cavities, protection,
special columnar cells passage of substances,
- sensation. filtration.

EPITHELIAL

CUBOIDAL CILIATED
Why? Why?
Secretion and Trap & remove dust
transportation in glands, particles; moves sperm
reabsorption & excretion. and eggs.

 Squamos:

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Stratified Squamos:

 Ciliated:

 Cuboidal:

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 Columnar:

CONNECTIVE TISSUE:

 Variety of specialized cells in Matrix (ground substance) with extracellular

protein fibers (elastic & collagenous)

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 General Functions:

- Strength
- Support
- Shape
- Storage
- Protection
- Insulation
- Transport
- Reduce Friction

MUSCLE TISSUE

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 Skeletal:

 Cardiac:

 Smooth:

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NERVE TISSUE

 A Typical Neuron (unit of nervous system):

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 Types of Neurons:

 Unipolar Neuron:

 Bipolar Neuron:

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 Multipolar Neuron:

 Biotechnology:

What?
Use of technology to obtain products from living organisms

Examples:
- Medical – vaccines, antibiotics, blood transfusions
- Cloning

 Traditional Technology:

What?
Use of traditional technology to obtain products from living organisms – traditional
healers

Examples:
 African potato, pepper bark, ginger, honey.

 Biotechnology and Traditional Technology:

South Africa – Traditional Health Practitioners Act – Council operational – more

control

THO – traditional healers must register.

 Cloning:

- Clone refers to genetically identical cells originating from one cell.

- Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. She was born in 1996
and died in 2003.

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- She was 6 when she died, about half the usual age for a sheep.

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Spider Plants:

 Cloning:

- There is a difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning

- Stem cells – undifferentiated cells that can multiply and the differentiate - two
main types:

1. Adult stem cells:

Can make only certain types, like skin, blood and bone marrow

2. Embryonic stem cells:

Undifferentiated cells from embryos

- From where?
- “in vitro” fertilised egg cells
- Umbilical cord
- Bone marrow and liver tissue

- Arguments for: - Arguments against:

- Medical research - Killing embryos

- Manage diseases - Playing “GOD”
- Organ replacement - Fraudulent and criminal activity
- Better crops, etc.

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