NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

NOVEMBER 2012

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: PAPER II

MARKING GUIDELINES

Time: 3 hours 200 marks

These marking guidelines are prepared for use by examiners and sub-examiners,
all of whom are required to attend a standardisation meeting to ensure that the
guidelines are consistently interpreted and applied in the marking of candidates'
scripts.

The IEB will not enter into any discussions or correspondence about any marking
guidelines. It is acknowledged that there may be different views about some
matters of emphasis or detail in the guidelines. It is also recognised that,
without the benefit of attendance at a standardisation meeting, there may be
different interpretations of the application of the marking guidelines.

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QUESTION 1

1.1 A (2) 1.6 D (2)

1.2 C (2) 1.7 D (2)
1.3 B (2) 1.8 B (2)
1.4 C (2) 1.9 A (2)
1.5 B or D (2) 1.10 C (2)
[20]

QUESTION 2

2.1 2.1.1 The ability of carbon atoms to form chains (or rings). (2)
(Question removed from paper. 2 marks allocated to all learners)

2.1.2 A centre of reactivity in an organic molecule that determines that molecule's

chemistry. (2)
A bond, atom or group of atoms that identifies to which Homologous Series
a compound belongs and is responsible for the chemical reactivity of that
compound

2.1.3 Process whereby monomers are joined together to form a chain. (2)
(increasing chain length /forming a larger chain)

2.2 2.2.1 Pent – 2 – ene (2-Pentene) (2)

2.2.2 2,4 – difluorohexane (absence of dashes – penalise once

through question (2)

2.2.3 Propanoic acid (or methyl ethanoate/ethyl methanoate) (2)

2.3 2.3.1 A family/group of organic compounds identified by the same functional

group and obey the same general formula. (Will accept any other reasonable
answer on discussion at memo meeting.) (2)
(increasing by –CH 2 unit)

2.3.2 Butane • Weak London/van der Waals forces of attraction between

molecules.
• Little energy to overcome forces.
Butanol • Strong hydrogen bonding forces of attraction between
molecules.
• Greater energy needed to overcome forces.
• Identification of types of intermolecular forces in respective
molecules .
• Comparison of strength of forces between molecules (4)
• State that more energy required to overcome forces

2.3.3 Butanol and isobutanol both have one – OH group, yet butanol has a longer
unbranched chain , thus greater surface area due to larger electron density.
Stronger force of attraction between molecules. (3)

2.4 2.4.1 I – addition/hydrochlorination/hydrohalogenation

II – substitution/hydrolysis
III – esterification/elimination/condensation
IV – elimination/dehydration (4)
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2.4.2 (a)

(-1 if H's not represented)

Butyl ethanoate
(carry over error – 2 marks for name if wrong ester is drawn (4)

(b) Water (1)

(c) • Act as catalyst (to speed up reaction).
• To act as dehydrating agent (remove H 2 O). (2)
(d) • Reagent flammable.
• Warm water bath will heat mixture without coming into
contact with flame. (2)
• Controls heat to prevent alcohol from vapourising too
quickly
• Warm water bath distributes the heat evenly (any two from
above)
also … ( safety factor plus any one reason above)

2.4.3 (a) Alkenes (1)

(b) CH 2 = CH – CH 2 – CH 3 / CH 2 CHCH 2 CH 3
but-1-ene

CH 3 – CH = CH – CH 3 / CH 3 CHCHCH 3
but-2-ene

CH 2 = C (CH 3 ) – CH 3 / CH 2 C(CH 3 )CH 3

(2) methyl propene (7)

2.4.4 (a) C 4 H 8 + 6O 2 → 4CO 2 + 4H 2 O (2)

(1 mark for O 2 1 mark for balancing)

m
(b) n= M R = 56 g.mol–1
MR
14
n= Carry over
56
n = 0,25 mol
mole ratio of C 4 H 8 : CO 2 = 1 : 4
∴ 1,00 mol of CO 2 produced
m
n=
MR
m = n.M R
= 1, 00 × 44
m = 44 g of CO 2 (4)
(if only the answer is put down showing no working = 1 mark only)
[48]

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QUESTION 3

3.1 3.1.1 A molecular fragment with an unpaired electron. (2)

3.1.2 Propagation
Termination (2)

3.1.3

(3)

3.1.4

(3)

3.1.5 Any 2 possible practical and actual uses of PVC. ( each) (4)
• Pipes
• Floor tiles
• Garden furniture
• Bottle top lids
[14]

QUESTION 4

4.1 A prediction of an outcome of an experiment. (2)

A prediction of the relationship between two variables

4.2 • As time of reaction progresses, the rate of loss of mass will decrease.
• As time increases, the rate of the reaction decreases.
• (Accept any hypothesis that is relevant to investigation) (1)
(if in a question or a personalised format = 0 marks)

4.3 4.3.1 Independent variable – the variable that is changed or controlled by the
experimenter.
Dependent variable – is the outcome variable that is produced as a result of
the independent variable/the variable that depends on the change in the
independent variable. (4)

4.3.2 Leonard – as the loss of mass is measured against the constant time
intervals which are controlled by the experimenter. (2)

4.4 To prevent any loss of mass out of the flask due to splashing (spitting). (2)
Only allow for CO 2 to escape

4.5 Yes. Changing the timekeeper can change reaction/response times on the
stopwatch. (2)
Keeping the variable of time controlled, keep it a fair test

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4.6

Description Mark allocated

Heading Heading must be specific
Axes labeled with units (1)
Scale correct on both axes Half page minimum
Points plotted correctly • All points plotted correctly (2)
• 1 or 2 points plotted incorrectly (1)
• More than 2 points plotted incorrectly (0)
Line of best fit Correct shape between t = 0 and t = 60 (1)
Correct shape between t = 60 and t = 240 (1)
Graph drawn on wrong axes = 4 marks (max) (7)

4.7 4.7.1 Increasing loss of mass due to:

• HCl being at a high concentration
• temperature in flask increases (exothermic reaction)
• the rate of reaction increases (3)

4.7.2 Reactants are being used up, the rate of reaction decreases. (2)

4.7.3 CaCO 3 being used up, thus no more product formed. (2)
Reaction has run to completion
reaction is over

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4.8 4.8.1 The variable that does not change during the experiment. (2)

4.8.2 2: mass of CaCO 3 /concentration of HCℓ

4: temperature/concentration of HCℓ (2)

4.8.3

1 mark for correct slope 1 mark for correct finish

(6)
[37]

QUESTION 5

5.1 5.1.1 0, 4mol ( no marks for a mass) (2)

(- 1 for no units)

5.1.2 0,5 − 0, 4
= 0,1mol (2)
(carry over)
n n
5.2 C= C=
V V

0,1 0, 2
= =
0, 4  0, 4
−3
= 0, 25 moldm = 0,5moldm −3 (3)
no conversion of volume = 1 mark max but check units
penalise only once for incorrect units (-1)
if expressed unit as mol.cm-3

5.3 Kc =
[ N 2O4 ]
[ NO2 ]
2

if use round brackets ( -1)

0,5
= ( carry over)
( 0, 25)
2

Kc = 8 (3)

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5.4 5.4.1 The gas mixture will become lighter/less red-brown.

(becomes colourless = 1 mark) (2)

5.4.2 • Decreasing volume will increase the pressure.

• Reaction will tend to favour reaction that reduced pressure, i.e. less
number of moles.
• Reaction will thus favour forward reaction producing more N 2 O 4 .
• More product/N 2 O 4 (colourless) will reduce the intensity of the
mixture colour. (4)

(If answer to Question 5.4.1 is 'darker', explanation in Question 5.4.2 must

be consistent with that )(max 3 marks)
[16]
QUESTION 6

6.1 6.1.1 (a) A cell whereby chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. (2)

(b) • Condition of electrolyte concentration of 1 mol⋅dm-3.

• Temperature of 25 °C. (2)
(if pressure mentioned , -1 mark)

n
6.1.2 c=
V
n = cV
= 1.0, 275
= 0, 275 mol
m
n= M r (AgNO3 )
Mr
m = n.M r = 108 + 14 + 48
−1
= 0, 275 ×170 = 170 g mol
m = 46, 75 g
OR
m
c=
M r V
m = c M r  V
= 1 ×170 × 0, 275
= 46, 75 g (4)

6.1.3 E θ cell = E θ cathode – E θ anode

= 0,80 – (0,34)
= 0,46 V
Nothing – light bulb will not light up (3)

1
6.1.4 • To join/link cells together to form a circuit.
2
• To maintain neutrality in the half cells. (2)

6.1.5 Oxidation: Cu → Cu2+ + 2e −

Reduction : Ag+ + e − → Ag
Cu + 2Ag+ → Cu2+ + 2Ag (–1 for any errors) (3)
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6.2 Cr 3+ + 3e − → Cr Thus 0,01 mol of Cr deposited will require 0,03 mol of

electrons

METHOD 1 METHOD 2
Total charge required to deposit OR Ne = n × NA = 0,03 × 6,02 × 1023
Cr = 0,03 × 96 500 = 1,806 × 1022
= 2 895 C Q = 1,806 × 1022 × 1,6 × 10–19
= 2 889,60 C
Thus Q = I∆t Q 2889, 60
Q 2895 Thus ∆t = = = 3 612 s
∆t = = = 3 618,75 s I 0,8 (6)
I 0,8
[22]

QUESTION 7

7.1 A concentrated solution of sodium chloride (2)

Saline solution
(salt solution = 1 mark
NaCl = 1 mark)
Seawater = 0 marks

7.2 • it is an ion selective membrane (if they say 'only permits ...', can get 2 marks
as implies ion selective)
• Na+ ions can now pass through it. (3)

7.3 Na + + e −  Na
2H 2 O + 2e −  H 2 ( g ) + 2OH −
• H 2 O is a stronger oxidising agent than Na+ ions.
• Thus H 2 O will be reduced in preference to Na+. (3)
(can get 1 mark if just puts down the correct H 2 O equation)

7.4 Chlorine NaOH

• Water purification • Soap + detergents
• Bleach • Drain cleaner
• Production of PVC • Production of paper
(impact) (impact) (4)
[12]

QUESTION 8

8.1 It is able to be recharged. (2)

8.2 Oxidation: Pb + SO 4 2– → PbSO 4

Reduction: PbO 2 + SO 4 2– + 4H+ → PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O

Pb + PbO 2 + 2SO 4 2¯ + 4H+ → 2PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O

(2H 2 SO 4 )
(–1 for any error) (3)

8.3 • Conc. of H 2 SO 4 will decrease.

• H 2 SO 4 is being used up in the reaction to react with Pb to produce PbSO 4 . (3)
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8.4 • Conc. of H 2 SO 4 will increase.

• Pb will be produced and plate at the negative electrode.
• PbO 2 is produced at the positive electrode.
Any 2 (2)

8.5 Eθ cell = Eθ cathode – Eθ anode

= 1,69 – (–0,36)
= 2,05V

Total = 6 × 2,05
= 12,3V (3)

8.6 Closer the plates – the less the internal resistance of the cell. (2)

8.7 8.7.1 The ability of a charged battery to deliver a specific amount of electrical
charge./The total charge a battery can deliver. (2)

W
8.7.2 V=
Q
W = VQ and Q = I∆t = 22,5 x ((60 x 60) x 2)
= 12. 162 000 = 162 000 C
W = 1 944 000 J
(1,94 ×10 J )6 Can also use W = V. I . Δt
(4)

8.7.3 Total energy = 1 944 000 J and rate of transfer = 21 J per second
1 944 000
Thus time taken =
21
= 925 710 s
∆t = 25 hours 43 minutes (4)
8.8 Negative effects
• Toxicity of Pb poisons environment.
• Non-biodegradable casings (plastic).
• Sulphuric acid hazardous
Minimise
• Recycle the Pb and the plastic casings. (6)
[31]

Total: 200 marks

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