EVOLUTION OF CLOCK

Time is free, but it’s priceless. You can’t own it, but you can use it. You can’t keep it, but you can
spend it. Once you’ve lost it, you can never get it back. - Harvey Mackay

Ancient Sundials (1500 BCE and earlier): The earliest timekeeping devices were
sundials.People during these times determine the time of day by looking at where the sun's
shadow fell. The sun moves across the sky throughout the course of the day, causing the
shadow of the object to move and indicating the passage of time.

Water Clocks (Around 400 BCE): Also known as clepsydras, Water flows out of the container at
a constant pace and the markings show how much the water level has dropped and,
consequently, how much time has passed. They were used in ancient Greece, Egypt, China,
and various other civilizations.

Candle clock
A candle clock is a thin candle with consistently spaced marking that, when burned, indicates
the passage of periods of time. It provided an effective way to tell time indoors, at night, or on a
cloudy day.

Mechanical Clocks (14th Century): Mechanical clocks started to emerge in Europe around the
14th century. These early clocks were driven by weights and gears. They were typically large
and located in public places like churches or town squares.

Pendulum Clocks (17th Century): In 1656, Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist, invented the
pendulum clock. The pendulum's regular oscillation provided a much more accurate measure of
time than earlier mechanisms.

A pendulum clock uses a pendulum’s swinging weight that acts as its time-keeping element.
The pendulum's regular oscillation provided a much more accurate measure of time than earlier
mechanisms. It swings back and forth in a precise time interval dependent on its length, and
resists swinging at other rates.

Pocket Watches (16th Century): The concept of portable timekeeping emerged with the
development of pocket watches. These were a significant advancement in personal timekeeping
and became popular accessories.

Spring-Driven Clocks (15th-16th Century): Instead of weights, spring-driven clocks used coiled
springs to store energy. This made them more compact and allowed for the development of
smaller, more portable timepieces.
Quartz Clocks (20th Century): The invention of the quartz clock revolutionized timekeeping. It
used the vibrations of a quartz crystal to regulate the movement of a clock's hands. Quartz
clocks were far more accurate than their mechanical counterparts.

Atomic Clocks (Mid-20th Century): Atomic clocks, which use the vibrations of atoms (typically
cesium or rubidium) to measure time, are incredibly precise. They form the basis of Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) and are used as the standard for timekeeping worldwide.

Digital Clocks (Mid-20th Century): With the advent of electronics, digital clocks became popular.
These use electronic displays (usually LEDs or LCDs) to show the time in numerical form.

Atomic Clocks in GPS (Late 20th Century): Atomic clocks are crucial to the Global Positioning
System (GPS), which relies on precise time measurements for accurate positioning.

Smartwatches and Digital Devices (21st Century): In recent years, smartwatches and other
digital devices have become ubiquitous. They not only provide timekeeping but also incorporate
various other features like fitness tracking, notifications, and more.