FILE HANDLING

A R U N A R U N I S T O
In python built-in functions input() and
print() is used for basic Input/Output
operations.
#Example
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("My name is:",name)

#Output
"""
Enter your name: Arunisto
My name is: Arunisto
"""
In python there is an another method also
these types basic standard operations by
using sys module..
#using sys module
import sys

#for input
name = sys.stdin.readline()

#for print
sys.stdout.write(name)
Any object that interacts with input and
output stream is called file object. open()
function returns a file object.
The open() function creates a file object
which would be utilized to call another
support methods associated with it.
Syntax:
file_object = open(<file_name>,
<access_mode>,
<buffering>)

#sample
sample = open("sample.txt", "w+")
print("File name:", sample.name)
print("Txt file closed or not:", sample.closed)
print("Mode of the file:",sample.mode)

#result
"""
File name: sample.txt
Txt file closed or not: False
Mode of the file: w+
"""
Modes and description
r - Open a file for reading only
rb - Open a file for reading only in binary
format
r+ - Opens a file for both reading and writing
rb+ - Opens a file for both in binary format
w - Opens a file for writing only
b - Opens the file in binary mode.
t - Opens the file in text mode (default)
+ - open file for updating(read & write)
wb - opens a file for writing only in binary
format
w+ - opens a file for both writing and reading
wb+ - opens file for both in binary
a - if we use 'w' it will overwrite the existing.
This is where we use 'a' it will opens a file for
appending
ab - opens a file for appending in binary
format
a+ - opens a file for both appending and
reading
ab+ - opens a file for both appending and
reading in binary format
x - open for exclusive creation
#opens a file for writing
details = open("info.txt", "w")
details.write("Name: Arun Arunisto")
details.close()
The code will create a file named “info.txt”
and it will write “Name: Arun Arunisto” on
that file.
#opens a file for writing in binary
details = open("info.txt", "wb")
data = b"Name: Arun Arunisto"
details.write(data)
details.close()
Conversion of a string to bytes is also
possible using encode() function.
#opens a file for writing in binary
details = open("info.txt", "wb")
data = "Name: Arun Arunisto".encode('utf-8')
details.write(data)
details.close()
#opens a file for appending
details = open("info.txt", "a")
details.write("Name: Arun Arunisto")
details.close()
Using w+ mode it's not possible to perform
write operation at any earlier byte position
in the file. The 'w+' mode enables using
write() as well as read() methods without
closing a file. The file object supports seek()
function to rewind the stream to any desired
byte position.
#opens a file for read and write mode
details = open("info.txt", "w+")
details.write("Name: Arunisto")
details.seek(6, 0)
data = details.read(8) #Arunisto
details.seek(6, 0)
details.write('Arun Arunisto')
details.close()

#The ouput will be

"""
Name: Arun Arunisto
"""
#writing integer data in a binary file
num = 1915
data = num.to_bytes(8, 'big')
file = open('test.bin', 'wb')
file.write(data)
file.close()

#reading from binary file

file = open('test.bin', 'rb')
data = file.read()
print(data) #before
bin_to_int = int.from_bytes(data, 'big')
print(bin_to_int) #after
file.close()

#output
"""
b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x07{'
1915
"""
In python os module plays an important role
when the time comes to file-handling or
processing operations like renaming,
deleting etc

#renaming using os module

import os

"""
syntax:
os.rename(<current_file_name>,
<new_file_name>)
"""

#example
os.rename("info.txt", "person_info.txt")

#removing a file using os module

import os
"""
syntax:
os.remove(<file_name>)
"""
os.remove('info.txt')
And you can do lots of things using os
module and also using the file_object

Official documentation of os module:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html

Official documentation of open() built-in

function:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.
html#open