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uk/sto/sport/foo
tball/European_football/article1142081.ece

WHAT MAKES A

CHAMPION Cristiano Ronaldo

Body Composition Oxygen Consumption Cardiovascular Endurance

Somatotypes of the athletes involved
in the Olympic Games represent low
endomorphy and high mesomorphy
(Powers, 2012). The predominance of
slow­twitch muscle fibers contribute to
high blood lactate threshold among
elite endurance athletes (Katch, 2011).
It should be taken note that elite
athletes still vary in body types
depending on their sport.
An increased tidal volume helps with
oxygen intake. This means there is an
increased supply of oxygens delivered
to the muscles working during exercise
(Wilmore, 2004). Strenuous exercise
increases the diffusing capacity of
oxygen (Guyton, 2006). Factors that
account for this are increased capillary
density and increased muscle
metabolic capabilities (Brown, 2006).
The hearts of champion resistance­
trained athletes usually exceed the
size of untrained counterparts (Katch,
2011). They too have an increased
stroke volume, which allows for more
blood to be delivered to the muscle
tissues. Oxygen delivery is increased,
increasing oxygen consumption and
therefore delaying fatigue (Robergs,
1997).

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29/different­body­shapes­of­elite­athletes athletes­competing­and­performing/ resistencia/blog/mejora­de­la­economia

Training for Maximization

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Endurance athletes overload the cardiovascular and energy
transfer systems using continuous exercise training at
nearly the same intensity as competition. This specifically
activates slow­twitch muscle fibres in sustained exercise
(Katch, 2011). Interval training stimulates variation in
energy transfer intensity through specific spacing of
exercise and rest periods (Katch, 2011).

Brown, S. P. (2006). Exercise Physiology: Basis of Human Movement in Health and Disease. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Guyton, A. C., MD. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology (11th ed.). Pennsylvania: Elsevier.
Katch, V. L. (2011). Essentials of Exercise Physiology (4th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Powers, S. (2012). Exercise Physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance (8th ed.). New York, New York: McGraw­Hill.
Robergs, R. A. (1997). Exercise Physiology: Exercise, Performance, and Clinical Application. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby. DELA CRUZ,
Wilmore, J. H., Costill, D. L. (2004). Physiology of Sport and Exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Anna Michaella E.