Summarizing Introduction to South Asian Architecture

In the aftermath of 1905, South Asian architecture experienced a complex evolution

influenced by historical, social, and political factors. The colonial period, characterized by
British rule in India, left an indelible mark on architectural styles. The British introduced
elements of neoclassical, Gothic, and Victorian architecture, coexisting with indigenous
styles. This fusion can be observed in structures like the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata,
blending British architectural aesthetics with Indian design elements.
The early 20th century witnessed the emergence of prominent architects who sought to
synthesize traditional and modern elements. Sir Edwin Lutyens, responsible for designing
New Delhi, integrated classical and Indian architectural features in government buildings,
exemplifying the attempt to create a distinctive yet harmonious architectural identity.
Post-independence, a conscious effort was made to break away from colonial influences and
assert a national identity through architecture. The city of Chandigarh, designed by Le
Corbusier, is a notable example of modernist principles influencing South Asian architecture.
The city's layout, characterized by functionalism and geometric designs, symbolized the
aspirations of a newly independent India.
In Pakistan, architects like Habib Fida Ali contributed to a unique architectural language by
incorporating Islamic motifs and traditional craftsmanship into modern structures.
Bangladesh, after gaining independence in 1971, pursued a similar path, blending
contemporary design with cultural elements in buildings like the National Parliament House
in Dhaka.
Urbanization and globalization in the latter half of the 20th century further transformed South
Asian cities, leading to the construction of high-rise buildings, shopping complexes, and
infrastructural projects. While some structures embraced a globalized, modern aesthetic,
others continued to draw inspiration from regional heritage.
Overall, the architecture of South Asia after 1905 is a dynamic tapestry that weaves together
colonial legacies, nationalist aspirations, and contemporary influences. It reflects the region's
ongoing dialogue between tradition and modernity, creating a diverse and evolving
architectural landscape.