CENG 6305 Ch1 Introduction

12/24/2011
12/24/2011 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 MU-EiT
CENG 6305 Pavement Materials
CENG 6305 • Lecturer

• Alemgena Alene, PhD
PAVEMENT MATERIALS • ERA, technical advisor
Alemgena Alene, PhD, MSc. BSc.

• Email:
Email: alemgena@yahoo.com
• alemgena@yahoo.com
Department of Civil Engineering
• Room
Ethiopian Institute of Technology (EiT) – Mekelle
Mekelle University • ---
• Assistant
• ---
12/24/2011 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 MU-EiT 12/24/2011 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 MU-EiT
Every one self introduction CENG 6305 Pavement Materials

Course content & References
• Name?
Chapter Title Ref. No.
• BSc background, what field? Where? etc. Ch1 Introduction CENG 505
Ch2 Subgrade Investigation Ref. 4, 6 & 10
1st Block
• Work experience? Ch3 Soil Stabilization Ref. 7 & 14

• Sector - Roads? Buildings? water resources? Etc. Ch4 Mechanical behavior of UGM Ref. 6
• Industry - Contractor, consultant, municipality, road authority,
Ch5 Rheology of Bitumen Ref. 1, 2, 5 &
ministry etc. 13
Ch6 Bituminous Mixture Design Ref. 1, 3, 11,
2nd Block
• Now which Organization do come you from? & 12

Ch7 Mechanical Tests of Asphalt Mixtures Ref. 1, 2 & 8
Ch8 Material Modeling Ref. 8 & 9
Couse module & evaluation Chapter Title Ref. No.
Two block periods Course Evaluation Ch1 Introduction CENG 505

• Dec. 26 to Jan. 06, 2012
• Feb. 06 to Feb. 17, 2012 ?? • Assignments 10% Ch2 Subgrade Investigation Ref. 4,6 & 10
Ch3 Soil Stabilization Ref. 7 & 14

• Reports & pres. 15%
Attendance Ch4 Mechanical behavior of UGM Ref. 6
• Highly advised but not • Mid exam/paper 30%
mandatory Ch5 Rheology of Bitumen Ref. 1, 2, 5 &
• Final exam. 45% 13
Ch6 Bituminous Mixture Design Ref. 1, 3, 11 &
Lecture method 12
• Interactive, please participate
Ch7 Mechanical Tests of Asphalt Mixtures Ref. 1, 2 & 8
fully
• Reading assignments Ch8 Material Modeling Ref. 8 & 9
1
12/24/2011
INTRODUCTION Function of pavements

• Why do we need • Load bearing capacity –
distribute load from tires to subgrade
pavements? Discuss
• Seal roadbed from moisture,

• What is pavement
prevent dust/loss of soil
design?
• Smooth surface for
• Gradually evolved from comfortable ride Subgrade
art to science
• Skid resistance – safe ride
“friction with tire”
Pavement Pavement Materials

• Three main influencing factors of pavement performance Material characterization
Why
Why, what, when, how & where? characterization?
a specification?
Climate
Material
Loading
Why, what, when, how & where? Why, what, when, how & where?
• Why? Is it…?
Q• The goal of material
characterization /specification But, what is
is …? performance?
15 to 20 years of
A• To determine what materials
service under traffic
provide acceptable
with minimum
performance.
maintenance
2
12/24/2011
Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1

12/24/2011 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 MU-EiT 12/24/2011
MU-EiT
Performance? How do pavements fail?
Q• what areas of poor

performance do we want to
address?
eg. How do our asphalt pavement

fail?
.
Structural failure?
Functional failure?
3
12/24/2011
Goal
What other concerns

should the material
specification address ?
Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1
12/24/2011 12/24/2011
MU-EiT MU-EiT
Other concern… Schopenhauer’s Law of Entropy
If you put a spoonful of wine in a barrel

full of sewage, you get sewage.
If you put a spoonful of sewage in a

barrel full of wine, you get sewage.
- from The Complete Murphy’s Law, Bloch
Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1

12/24/2011 12/24/2011 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 MU-EiT
MU-EiT
The question … I wish our road

could always
be like this….
Can we afford to go from
to this:
this:
4
12/24/2011
Pavement materials background review Pavement Materials – soils & aggregates

• Soils • Soils & aggregates
• Subgrade
• Subbase
• Aggregates/UGM
• Base
• Asphalt & cement concrete
• Bitumen binders
• Their properties
• Origin
• Asphalt mixtures
• Physical & chemical
weathering
• Cement concrete • Processing & preparation
Soils & aggregates Basic soil properties

• Basic soil properties • Grain, water and air
− Grain size distribution •
Unit weight (density)

uniform, continuous, gap
=W/V
Dry unit weight (dry density)
− Particle shape & texture d = W s / V
angular, rounded, smooth Unit weight (density) of solids
s = W s / Vs
− Degree of compaction Specific gravity
G = s / w
Moisture content
− Water content Ww / Ws
Degree of Saturation
S = Vw / Vv
− Stress state etc. Void ratioPorosity
e = Vv / Vs  = Vv / V
Basic soil properties – Atterberg limits Soil classification

Phase Solid state Semi-solid Plastic Liquid Suspension
state state state
Water content increasing
Common soil classification in engineering
Water
Limits Dry Shrinkage Plastic Sticky Liquid

soil limit limit limit
limit
− Unified soil classification system (USCS)
Plastic index
Shrinkage Constant
volume Volume increasing − AASHTO classification system
Condition Hard to soft Workable Sticky Slurry Water-held
suspension
− Classification triangle
Shear
Shear strength decreasing
strength Negligible to Nil
[kN/m2] (~170) (~1.7)
Moisture 0 SL PL LL
content PI
5
12/24/2011
USCS USCS
Compaction (moisture – density relation) Moisture vs. density

Densification of materials by Common methods of • Moisture vs. density
means of mechanical compaction
manipulation Particle,
gradation,
fines
• Proctor & modified
By decreasing void ratio to ρdmax
proctor
increase shear strength Voids
Dry density [rd]

• Vibratory table
• Vibratory hammer
Commonly measured in
terms dry density Moisture • Compression
• DD influenced by compaction compaction
level, soil type and moisture ωopt
content
Moisture content [%]
California Bearing Ratio - CBR Bituminous Binders

• It is a strength test  Black or dark colored solid
or viscous cementious
substance composed of
• Penetration of a piston to mainly high molecular
a soil specimen weight hydrocarbons
Load
𝑃 𝑃  Excellent binding or
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 𝑃 0.1" or = 𝑃 0.2"
P0.2” cementing power
𝑠−0.1" 𝑠−0.2"
 Smooth surface with
𝑃 " 𝑃 " sufficient skid resistance
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 13.30.1𝑘𝑁 or = 19.90.2𝑘𝑁 P0.1”
 Water proofing properties
0.1” 0.2” Penetration
6
12/24/2011
Sources of Bitumen Types of Bitumen from Refinery

Native asphalt lakes Asphalt cement Emulsified bitumen
(penetration grade) o Mixed with water by
o Primary asphalt products in
emulsifying agent
Rock asphalt deposits various viscosity o Cationic and anionic
o Used as binder for most
emulsions
HMA pavements o Rapid, medium and slow
Tars – from organic setting
Liquid asphalt
(cutback)
Petroleum asphalts o Mixed with solvents to
reduce viscosity
o Rapid, medium or slow
Petroleum asphalt refinery process flow chart curing
Basic properties of bitumen and Tests Various Bituminous Mixtures

100 gm
Consistency test 5 sec 25oC

Asphalt concrete
o Viscosity 1.58 x 10 10
» (Pen)2.16
poise
o Penetration test
o Softening point (ring & ball) Pen. in
1
o Float test Rolled asphalt (HRA)

mm
10
PENETRATION TEST
oDuctility test
Soften ing po int is approximately the temperature
at which = 12,000 p oise an d p enetration is
ap proximately 800
oSolubility test
Mastic asphalt
oVolatility test
(gussasphalt)
o Distillation
o Thin-film oven test DIAGRAM SHOWING END OF
RING AND BALL TEST
12/24/2011 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 MU-EiT
HMA Mix Design

 Marshal mix method
 Stability
 Flow
 Density
 Air void content
 VMA etc.
 Hveem mix method

 Surface area of fines (CKE)
 Stability
 Density
 Air void content

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12/24/2011

12/24/2011 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 MU-EiT

CENG 6305 Pavement Materials

CENG 6305 • Lecturer

PAVEMENT MATERIALS • ERA, technical advisor

Alemgena Alene, PhD, MSc. BSc.

Every one self introduction CENG 6305 Pavement Materials

• Work experience? Ch3 Soil Stabilization Ref. 7 & 14

• Now which Organization do come you from? & 12

Couse module & evaluation Chapter Title Ref. No.

Two block periods Course Evaluation Ch1 Introduction CENG 505

Ch3 Soil Stabilization Ref. 7 & 14

INTRODUCTION Function of pavements

• Seal roadbed from moisture,

Pavement Pavement Materials

Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1

Performance? How do pavements fail?

Q• what areas of poor

eg. How do our asphalt pavement

What other concerns

Other concern… Schopenhauer’s Law of Entropy

If you put a spoonful of wine in a barrel

If you put a spoonful of sewage in a

- from The Complete Murphy’s Law, Bloch

Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1

The question … I wish our road

Pavement materials background review Pavement Materials – soils & aggregates

Soils & aggregates Basic soil properties

Unit weight (density)

Basic soil properties – Atterberg limits Soil classification

Limits Dry Shrinkage Plastic Sticky Liquid

Compaction (moisture – density relation) Moisture vs. density

Dry density [rd]

California Bearing Ratio - CBR Bituminous Binders

0.1” 0.2” Penetration

Sources of Bitumen Types of Bitumen from Refinery

Basic properties of bitumen and Tests Various Bituminous Mixtures

Consistency test 5 sec 25oC

o Float test Rolled asphalt (HRA)

12/24/2011 Alemgena Alene, PhD CENG6305 - Ch1 MU-EiT

HMA Mix Design

 Hveem mix method

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