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PDF A Pocket Style Manual Apa Version 8Th Edition Diana Hacker Ebook Full Chapter
PDF A Pocket Style Manual Apa Version 8Th Edition Diana Hacker Ebook Full Chapter
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Brief Contents
Writing Papers in APA Style
1 Writing college papers in APA style
a Research paper: Literature Review
b Research paper: Original empirical research
c Laboratory report
d Analytical essay
e Annotated Bibliography
f Administrative report
g Case study
h Clinical paper
i Professional memo
j Reflective essay
k Social issue paper
2 Understanding APA conventions
3 Posing questions to start a paper
4 Finding appropriate sources
5 Evaluating sources
6 Managing information; avoiding plagiarism
7 Supporting a thesis
8 Avoiding plagiarism
9 Integrating sources
Formatting Papers in APA Style
10 Parts of a paper in APA style
11 APA paper format
12 Sample pages from papers in APA style
Documenting Sources in APA Style
13 APA in-text citations
14 APA list of references
15 APA notes
Clarity
16 Tighten wordy sentences
17 Prefer active verbs
18 Balance parallel ideas
19 Add needed words
20 Eliminate confusing shifts
21 Untangle mixed constructions
22 Repair misplaced and dangling modifiers
23 Provide sentence variety
24 Find an appropriate voice
Grammar
25 Make subjects and verbs agree
26 Be alert to other problems with verbs
27 Use pronouns with care
28 Use adjectives and adverbs appropriately
29 Repair sentence fragments
30 Revise run-on sentences
31 Consider grammar topics for multilingual writers
Punctuation
32 The comma
33 The semicolon and the colon
34 The apostrophe
35 Quotation marks
36 Other marks
Mechanics
37 Capitalization
38 Abbreviations
39 Numbers
40 Italics
41 Spelling
42 Hyphenation
Glossaries
Glossary of usage
Glossary of grammatical terms
Index
Documentation directories
Charts and lists for quick reference
List of sample pages from student papers
Revision symbols
Welcome to A POCKET Style
Manual
EIGHTH EDITION, APA VERSION
Faster and more reliable than a Google search, A Pocket Style
Manual covers everything you need for college writing in APA style.
You can turn to it for help with finding, evaluating, integrating, and
citing sources — as well as for advice on revising sentences for
clarity, grammar, and punctuation. The following reference aids will
help you find everything you need to be a successful college writer
in any course.
The brief and detailed contents inside the front and back
covers allow you to quickly spot the help you need.
The index at the back of the book includes plain-language
entries like “I vs. me” to point to common problems like
pronoun case.
A wealth of resources for writing in APA style are provided,
including models for in-text APA citations and reference list
entries, as well as annotated sample pages from 11 student
papers.
The glossaries offer useful definitions and help with commonly
confused or misused words such as “affect” and “effect.”
If your instructor has assigned a Hacker Handbooks media product,
even more help is at your fingertips:
Diana Hacker
Nancy Sommers
Harvard University
Contributing Author
Rick A. Matthews
Carthage College
For Bedford/St. Martin’s
Vice President, Editorial, Macmillan Learning Humanities: Edwin
Hill
Executive Program Director for English: Leasa Burton
Executive Program Manager: Stacey Purviance
Marketing Manager: Vivian Garcia
Director of Content Development: Jane Knetzger
Senior Executive Editor for Handbooks: Michelle Clark
Development Editor: Will Stonefield
Senior Media Editor: Barbara G. Flanagan
Associate Editor: Melissa Rostek
Content Project Manager: Lidia MacDonald-Carr
Senior Workflow Project Supervisor: Joe Ford
Production Supervisor: Robin Besofsky
Senior Media Project Manager: Allison Hart
Manager of Publishing Services: Andrea Cava
Project Management: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.
Composition: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.
Photo Permissions Editor: Angela Boehler
Text Permissions Manager: Kalina Ingham
Director of Design, Content Management: Diana Blume
Cover Design: William Boardman
ISBN 978-1-319-37045-9
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments and copyrights appear on the same page as the
text and art selections they cover; these acknowledgments and
copyrights constitute an extension of the copyright page.
Writing Papers in APA Style
APA style is a set of rules and guidelines for writers in the social
sciences (psychology, sociology, criminal justice, anthropology,
political science) and in business, education, and nursing. When
you are assigned a paper for a particular class, you should think of
that assignment as an opportunity to join a discourse community —
a group of thinkers and writers in a field who share interests, ideas,
and ways of communicating with one another. When you adhere to
APA style, you satisfy your readers’ expectations and allow them to
focus attention on the substance of your writing without
unnecessary distractions.
APA style may be used for many types of writing, or genres. The
following are the most common types of papers assigned in courses
in which APA style is required:
Analytical essays are sometimes written about only one text. For
example, in a political theory course, you might be asked to write an
analytical essay on Machiavelli’s The Prince. After carefully reading
the text, you would formulate a thesis statement giving your analysis
of the text or some aspect of it and then identify evidence from the
text that can support that thesis. Alternatively, your assignment
might ask you to make a larger argument by synthesizing
information from more than one source in support of your thesis.
1e Annotated bibliography
An annotated bibliography contains two basic elements: a list of
sources related to a particular topic and a brief summary and
evaluation of the quality and relevance of each source. An annotated
bibliography may be assigned as part of the process of writing an
empirical research paper or a literature review. In that case, the
assignment is an opportunity for you to do preliminary research and
to understand and describe how each source might work within
your paper. In some courses, an annotated bibliography can also be
completed as a free-standing assignment.
Some case studies require primary data — data that you collect.
For an education class, you might study the effectiveness of
particular classroom management techniques. Your study might
involve observing a classroom in which those techniques are used
and drawing conclusions based on your observations.
When writing a memo, make sure that the content, language, and
tone are appropriate for the intended audience (see also 2b and 2c).
Memos usually provide ongoing documentation for a project and
may be helpful to those doing similar projects in the future, so your
audience may be broader than the initial recipients of the memo.
1j Reflective essay
A reflective essay is personal writing, usually used to explore how an
experience shaped your understanding of an issue or a topic in your
discipline. For example, a reflective essay about your student-
teaching experience may include a description of how your
perspective on a learning theory changed once you were teaching
your own class.
1k Social issue (persuasive) paper
The social issue paper is a common assignment in college writing
courses. This genre requires you to take a position on a
contemporary social issue — what social scientists call a policy
debate. For example, one possible topic for a social issue paper is
whether the government should tax junk food at a higher rate than
healthy food.
IGGA.