Republic of the Philippines

Tomas del Rosario College

BSA 1A | 2ND SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

LESSON 4:

Urbanization
and Migration

Prepared by: Group 4

Bornolia, Julia Kate
Contreras, Juliana Princess J.

BSA 1A
Economic Development
Ma'am Violeta M. Mena
 Republic of the Philippines
Tomas del Rosario College
BSA 1A | 1ST SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
URBANIZATION
Urbanization is the population shift from rural to
urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the
proportion of people living in rural areas, and the
ways in which societies adapt to this change. It can
also mean population growth in urban areas instead
of rural ones.
Major Causes of Urbanization
Social Benefits and Services - Urban areas
provide many social benefits like better education,
better sanitation, better standard of living, and
health care which lead to better social life in
general.
Better Employment Opportunities - There
are ample employment opportunities in urban
areas. People want better livelihoods, which is why
they often move to urban areas. There are countless
employment opportunities in urban areas in sectors
such as education, transport, health, industry,
sports, and business enterprises.
Modernization - It is an important factor in the
process of modernization. Urban areas are
becoming more tech-savvy with highly
sophisticated medical facilities, communication,
knowledge, infrastructure, and other social
amenities. Many people think that they can live a
better life in cities. Moreover, people adopt
changes in their living modes like dressing, food,
habits, etc. So the number is increasing with every
passing day in urban areas.
Advantages of Urbanization
Education - People living in urban areas get an
advantage of a good education. Primary School to
higher studies in cities is easy. Students of rural
areas need to come to urban areas for higher
studies. Here they get advanced transport and
communication system that help them to persuade
the studies. Online study is part and parcel of
today’s education and, rural areas have resources to
support this.
Increase in Employment Rate - Employment
opportunities are abundant in the cities. The growth
of urbanization is mainly because of people moving
to cities for employment. The density of industries
and factories has always attracted people from rural
areas. Also, the industrialist and real estate people
call for manpower from the villages, when in need
of labor. The easy and better life in urban areas
supports the people to work efficiently.
Market - Rural people engaged in farming
appreciate living near cities. Urbanization presents
a big market for their produce. They can sell it and
earn money. It improves the economic condition
and is also advantageous for the economy of the
country. A proportion of the population living in
the rural area works in agriculture farms and
nourishes a larger proportion of urban people,
thereby, ensuring food security.
Disadvantages of Urbanization
Nutrition - In developed countries, cities with a
high density of fast food stores and low density of
fresh ones are food deserts. Urbanization makes life
easier but at the cost of low nutrition, which ends in
obesity, diabetes, and chronic disorders. That
happens because people take less of vegetables,
fresh fruits and, whole grains, and more processed
food and high sugar contents like beverages. To an
extent, supplements may control undernutrition, but
the problem of being overweight remains unsolved.
Increased Traffic Issues - With urbanization,
the wants and needs of the populace would undergo
a drastic change. Since infrastructure is the
backbone of this process, we would witness newer
roadways. And since we have the roads, we will
start using bikes, cars, and other modes of
transportation will also develop. But this
advancement will incur issues, such as accidents,
jams, and road-rage crimes.
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 Republic of the Philippines
Tomas del Rosario College
BSA 1A | 1ST SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Pollution - Air, land and water pollution level in

cities is higher than that of rural areas. Broadly
speaking the air gets polluted due to industries and Causes of Migration
factories, the land gets polluted due to
deforestation, and an increase in the amount of Unemployment Travel
cement forest and water as explained earlier. Open
Poverty Lower Living Costs
space and the simple life of rural areas bestow a
pollution-free environment. Urbanization brings Climate Disasters Corruption
many people to smaller areas, increasing the
scarcity of resources and basic amenities. It causes Healthcare Marriage
unhygienic conditions and reasons for various Education Business
diseases.

Economic Advantages to Host

MIGRATION
Country
The United Nations defines migration as the
movement of a person or persons from one place to ● Overcome work or labor shortages.
another, involving a permanent move of home for ● Increased economic growth.
over 1 year. ● More businesses will be established.
● Additional sources of tax.
● Cheap labor.

Migration is GLOBAL
Economic Disadvantages to Host
Based on the World Migration Report, there were
about 281 million international migrants in late Country
2021, based on the latest report.
● Companies may lessen or neglect
Preliminary figures for 2023 have shown that there employee benefit programs.
were about 2.33 million overseas workers from the ● Oftentimes the new businesses established
Philippines, about twice as much as the previous by foreigners were the ones supported by
period, according to Statista Ph. locals, resulting in locals losing their
businesses.
● Strain on public services.
● Displacement of jobs.
Types of Migrants
Internal Migration - Refers to a change of
residence within national boundaries, such as Economic Advantages to Country of
between states, provinces, cities, or municipalities.
Origin
International Migration - Change of
residence over national boundaries. An ● Developing countries benefit from
remittances.
international migrant is someone who ● Reduction of unemployment.
moves to a different country. ● Migrants bring back skills, contacts, and
useful tools.
● Legal Migrants - moved with permission
of the host country.
● Illegal Migrants - moved with the
permission of the host country.
● Refugee - crossed an international
boundary to escape persecution.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Tomas del Rosario College
BSA 1A | 1ST SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Economic Disadvantages to Country

of Origin
● Loss of financial and informational
wealth.
● Loss of skilled laborers.
● GDP per capita may decrease.