Lesson 1 Personal Pronouns (subject)

A personal pronoun is a short word we use as a simple substitute for the proper name of a person.

Pronombre Traducción
I Yo
You (singular) Tu o usted
He El
She Ella
It (Objeto o animal)
We Nosotros
They Ellos
You (plural) Ustedes

They stand in for the people (and perhaps animals) who star in our sentences.

I have a dog.(Tengo un perro)

You are my brother. (Tu eres mi hermano)

In English grammar, third-person pronouns refer to people or things other than the speaker (or writer) and the
person(s) addressed.

I eat apples. (Yo como manzanas)

You eat apples. (Tu comes manzanas)

He eats apples. (El come manzanas)

Lesson 2 Verb to be “Present Simple”

In English, it can be used to say different things according to the context. However, the most common use of the to be
verb is to talk about names, ages, feeling, nationalities, and professions, especially when talking in the present tense.

Personal Pronoun + Verb to be (present simple) Traducción

I + am Yo soy/estoy
You + are Tu eres/estas
He + is El es/esta
She + is Ella es/esta
It + is Esta
We + are Nosotros estamos/somos
They + are Ellos estan/son
You + are Ustedes son/estan

Short form

I am I’m
You/we/they are You/we/they’re
He/she/it is He/she/it’s
Personal Pronoun + Verb to be negative (PS) Traducción
 I + am not Yo no soy/no estoy
You + are not / aren’t Tu no eres/no estas
He + is not / isn’t El no es/no esta
She + is not / isn’t Ella no es/no esta
It + is not / isn’t Esta
We + are not / aren’t Nosotros no estamos/no somos
They + are not/ aren’t Ellos no estan/no son
You + are not/ aren’t Ustedes no son/no estan

Verb to be questions (PS) +Personal Pronoun

Am + I
Are + you
Is + he
Is + she
Is + it
Are + we
Are + they
Are + you

Lesson 3 “Nice to meet you”

How introduce yourself in English.

If you have difficulty when it comes to introducing yourself to someone for the first time, you shouldn’t feel
embarrassed. It’s a good exercise to develop a clear and brief introduction for yourself.

Example for a simple introduction:

Rose: Hello. I’m Rose. Phrases that you frequently used in an introduction.
Ben: Hello. I’m Ben.
 What is your name?
Rose: Nice to meet you.  My name is… (your name.)
 Nice to meet you.
Another example:  It’s a pleasure.
 Where are you from?
Guard: How are you?
 I’m from… (city, state, or country)
Math: I’m Math. I work in this building.  Are you… (Mexican, Spanish, Chinese, etc.)?
 I’m… (Mexican, Spanish, Chinese, etc.)
Guard: Oh! I sorry. Please pass. Have a good day, sir.  How are you?
Math: You too.  I’m fine, thank you.
 Goodbye / bye-bye
Alejandra: Where are from?  See you… (tomorrow, next week, etc.)
 Have a nice… (day, evening, week, etc.)
Daniel: I’m from Mexico.

Alejandra? Wow! Really, me too. / I’m from Mexico, t

Lesson 4 Possessive Adjectives.

They are words that modify a noun to show a form of possession, a sense of belonging or ownership to a specific
person, animal or thing.
The possessive adjectives that are used in the English language are: my, your, our, its, her, his, and their; each one
corresponds to a subject pronoun.

1. My
 It is always used for the pronoun “I”
 It is used for singular or plural noun.
 It is used for a girl or a man.

 My name is Joe.
 My name is Anna.
 My dog is black.
 My cat is white.

2. Your
 It is always used for the pronoun “You” in singular or plural.
 It is for male or female owners.

 Your name is Christopher.

 What is your e-mail, Sharon?
 Girls, can you write your phone numbers on the list?
 Please boys, write on the list your first names and your
e-mails.

3. His

 It is used when the subject is a male person.

 It is used for plural or singular nouns.

 What is his name?

 Harry lives in Paris, his house is near the Eiffel Tower.
 Homer likes cars, his cars are four sport ones.

4. Her

 It is used when the subject is a female person.

 It is used for plural or singular nouns.

 Your name is Christopher.

 What is your e-mail, Sharon?
 Girls, can you write your phone numbers on the list?
 Please boys, write on the list your first names and your
e-mails.

5. Its
  It is used when the subject is only one thing or one animal.
 It is for plural or singular nouns.

 What a cute puppy what is its name?

 The dog always moves its tail, when it sees its owner.
 Hey, The TV wireless control doesn’t have its batteries.
 The table has its four legs too short.

6. Our

 It is used when the subject is we.

 It is used with singular or plural nouns.

 We are rich, our house has pools and gardens.

 We like our school and our teachers.
 Our dogs aren’t dangerous.

7. Their

 It is used when the subject is they.

 It is used for people, animals or things.
 It is used for plural or singular nouns.

 These dogs don’t have their tails and their ears?

 The boys gave me their money for their books.
 In Arabia the dogs don’t have their vaccines for sicknesses.
 The boys have their own apartment.
 In Israel, all the cars don’t have their plates.

Lesson 5 Have/Has
The “to have” verb is the second most commonly used verb in the English language, after the verb “to be”. In English,
the “to have” verb has many different uses. It can be the main verb, or it can be an auxiliary verb, and it can change
meanings depending on the context where it’s used.

Simple present “to have”

Yo tengo/he I have
Tu tienes/has You have
El/Ella tiene/ha He/She has
Tiene It has
Nosotros temenos/hemos We have
Ellos tienen/han They have
Ustedes tienen/han You have

Short form

I/you/we/they have I/you/we/they’ve

He/she/it have He/she/it’s

Have/Has (Present simple) +Personal Pronoun

Have + I
Have + you
Has + he
Has + she
Has + it
Have + we
Have + they
Have + you

Lesson 6 “Adjectives”
Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike, silly, yellow, fun, fast.
They can also describe the quantity of nouns: many, few, millions, eleven.

Examples

Mandy is a careful girl.

This is a nice car.

When more than one adjective comes before a noun, the adjectives are normally in a particular order.

Determiners

A determiner is a word that comes before a noun to show which person or thing you are talking about.

 A
 An
 The
 Both
 Either
 Some
 Many
 My
 Your
 Our

Opinion

When we need to describe our thoughts about somebody or something.

 Good
 Bad
 Great
 Delicious
 Horrible
 Disgusting
 Terrible
 Marvelous
 Beautiful
 Silly

Size

The relative extent of something or someone.

 Huge
 Big
 Large
 Tiny
 Enormous
 Little
 Tall
 Long
 Gigantic
 Shape

The external form, contours, or outline of someone or something.

Flat
Round
Square
Triangular
Rectangular

Age

The length of time that a person lived or a thing has existed.

Young
Old
New
Ancient
(Number age)-years-old
Antique
Youthful

Color

Is the aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of light being reflected or emitted by them.

Red
Black
Pale
Bright
Faded
Shining
Yellow
Orange

Origin

The point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived.

French
American
Canadian
Mexican
Greek
Swiss

Material

Substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object.

Wooden
Silk
Metal
Paper
Gold
Silver
Copper
Cotton
 Purpose

They describe what the object is used for.

Writing
Rolling
Sleeping
Roasting
Running
Dancing

Lesson 7 “Adverbs of frequency”

An adverb of frequency describes how often an action happens. There are six main adverbs of frequency that we use
in English: always, usually (or normally), often, sometimes, rarely, and never.

 A good way to explain the difference in frequency is by using %.

I Always (100%) Take

You Usually (80%) Ate
He Often (70%) Run
She Sometimes (50%) Cook
It Rarely (20%) Go
They Never (0%) Swim
We Play

Examples:

 Sara always goes out on Saturday evenings.

 Jane’s boyfriend usually picks her up and they drive into the city center.
 Ben and Emma often go for lunch together.
 In the winter Sara sometimes goes Skiing in France.
 James and Stephen rarely go to the cinema in the summer because they prefer to stay outside.
 As Marta is so busy, she never gets home from work before 7.

As is often the case in English, there are variations to this rule. For example, it’s possible to put the adverbs
“sometimes” and “usually” at the beginning of a sentence:

 Sometimes she does her homework with friends.

 Usually, they study on their own.

Lesson 8 Present Simple – Wh questions

Wh questions