AP chem Review - 13 Name: ____________________

Text: chapters 17 (Electrochemistry)

o o o
• E =E ox +E red •
o o
E = E – (RT/nF)lnQ = E – (0.0592/n)logQ
o o
• ΔG = -nFE • log K = nE / 0.0592

PROBLEMS
The following takes place in a voltaic cell:
2+ 2+
Zn(s) + Cu (1 M) → Cu(s) + Zn (1 M). 8. All of the following may serve as 13. A sample of silver is to be purified by
The cell has a voltage of +1.10 V. reducing agents, EXCEPT: electrorefining. This will separate
(A) Mg the silver from an impurity of gold.
Choose the answer that best relates to (B) Cs The impure silver is made into an
2+
questions 1-4. (C) Fe electrode. Which of the following is
-
(A) there is no change in the voltage (D) MnO4 the best way to set up the
-
(B) the voltage becomes zero (E) Br electrolytic cell?
(C) the voltage increases (A) an impure silver cathode and an
2- + 2- 3+
(D) the voltage decreases, but stays 9. Cr2O7 + 14H + 3S → 2Cr + 3S inert anode
positive + 7H2O. For the above reaction, (B) an impure silver cathode and a
(E) the voltage becomes negative pick the true statement from the a pure gold anode
following. (C) A pure silver cathode with an
2- 2-
1. What happens to the voltage when a (A) The S is reduced by Cr2O7 . impure silver anode
saturated ZnSO4 solution is added to (B) The oxidation number of (D) A pure gold cathode with an
the zinc compartment of the cell? chromium changes from +7 to impure silver anode
+3. (E) An impure silver cathode with a
2. What happens to the cell voltage (C) The oxidation number of sulfur pure silver anode
when the copper electrode is made remains -2.
2- 2- - + 2- 2+
smaller? (D) The S is oxidized by Cr2O7 . 14. 2MnO4 + 16H + 5S → 2Mn + 5S
+
(E) The H oxidizes the S. + 8H2O. The reducing agent in the
3. What happens to the cell voltage above reaction is which of the
+ - -
when the salt bridge is filled with 10. H + NO3 + e → NO + H2O. What following?
-
deionized water instead of 1 M is the coefficient for water arising (A) MnO4
+
KNO3? when the above half-reaction is (B) H
balanced? (C) S
2-
4. What happens to the cell voltage (A) 3 (D) S
2+
after the cell has operated for 10 (B) 4 (E) Mn
minutes? (C) 2
3+ 2+ 2+
(D) 1 15. 2Fe + Zn → Zn + 2Fe . The
- + 2-
5. MnO4 (aq) + H (aq) + C2O4 (aq) → (E) 6 reaction shown above was used in
2+
Mn (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g). What is an electrolytic cell. The voltage
+ 2+ - o
the coefficient of H when the above 11. Co + 2e → Co, E = -0.28 V measured for the cell was not equal
2+ - o o
reaction is balanced? Cd + 2e → Cd, E = -0.40 V to the calculated E for the cell. This
(A) 16 Given the above standard reduction discrepancy could be caused by
(B) 2 potentials, estimate the approximate which of the following?
(C) 8 value of the equilibrium constant for (A) The anion in the anode
(D) 5 the following reaction: compartment was chloride,
2+ 2+
(E) 32 Cd + Co ⇌ Co + Cd instead of nitrate as in the
(A) 10
-4 cathode compartment.
2- - 2- -
6. S2O3 + OH → SO4 + H2O + e . (B) 10
-2 (B) One or more of the ion
After the above half-reaction is (C) 10
4 concentrations was not 1 M.
balanced, which of the following are (D) 10
16 (C) One or more of the ion
- o
the respective coefficients of OH (E) 10
2 concentrations were at 25 C
2- o
and SO4 ? instead of 0 C.
(A) 8 and 3 12. When a basic solution of KMnO4 is (D) The solution in the salt bridge
(B) 6 and 2 added to an SnCl2 solution, a brown was Na2SO4 instead of KNO3.
(C) 10 and 2 precipitate of MnO2 forms and Sn
4+ (E) The anode and cathode were
(D) 5 and 2 remains in solution. When the same different sizes.
(E) 5 and 1 basic solution of KMnO4 is added to
an NaF solution, no reaction occurs. 16. How many grams of mercury could
7. How many moles of Pt may be Which of the substances involved in be produced by electrolyzing 1.0 M
deposited on the cathode when 0.80 these reactions served as the Hg(NO3)2 solution with a current of
F of electricity is passed through a reducing agent? 2.00 A for 3.00 h?
4+
1.0 M solution of Pt ? (A) SnCl2 (A) 22.4 g
(A) 1.0 mol (B) KMnO4 (B) 201 g
(B) 0.60 mol (C) NaF (C) 11.2 g
(C) 0.20 mol (D) MnO2 (D) 44.8 g
(D) 0.80 mol (E) Sn
4+ (E) 6.00 g
(E) 0.40 mol
 - +
17. An electrolysis cell was constructed 20. Based on the reaction 2BrO3 + 12H (C) pure copper impure Cu
-
with two platinum electrodes in a + 10e → Br2 + 6H2O, if a current of (D) impure copper pure copper
1.00 M aqueous solution of KCl. An 5.0 A is passed through the (E) impure copper pure zinc
odorless gas evolves from one electrolytic cell for 0.50 h, how
electrode, and a gas with a should you calculate the number of 24. Which of the following is true
distinctive odor evolves from the grams of Br2 that will form? regarding the reaction represented
other electrode. Choose the correct !.! !.!" !"## (!"#.!) below?
(A)
statement from the following list. (!")
!.! !.!" !"## (!"#.!)
(A) The gas with the distinctive odor (B) H2Se + 4O2F2 → SeF6 + 2HF + 4O2
!",!"" (!")
was evolved at the anode !.! !.!" !" (!"#.!)
(B) The odorless gas was oxygen. (C) (A) The oxidation number of O does
!",!"" (!")
(C) The gas with the distinctive odor !.! !.!" !"## (!".!) not change.
(D)
was evolved at the negative !",!"" (!") (B) The oxidation number of H
!.! !.!" (!"#.!)
electrode. (E) changes from -1 to +1.
!",!"" (!")
(D) The odorless gas was evolved (C) The oxidation number of F
at the positive electrode. 2+ 3+
21. 2M + 3Zn →2M +3Zn E =0.90 V
o changes from +1 to -1.
(E) The odorless gas was evolved 2+ - o
Zn + 2e → Zn, E = -0.76 V (D) The oxidation number of Se
at the anode. 3+ - o
M + 3e → M, E = ??? V changes from -2 to +6.
Using the above information to (E) This is a disproportionation
18. H2O2(aq) + KIO4(aq) → KIO3(aq) + determine the missing standard reaction for F.
O2(g) + H2O(l). Choose the true reduction potential.
statement from the following list: (A) 0.90 V 25. When the equation below is
(A) The iodine oxidation state is (B) +1.66 V balanced using lowest whole-
reduced from +8 to +6. (C) 0.00 V number coefficients, the coefficient
+
(B) This is not an oxidation- (D) -0.62 V for H is
2- + 3+
reduction reaction. (E) -1.66 V Cr2O7 + H2S + H → Cr + S + H2O
(C) H2O2 behaves as a reducing (A) 2
agent. 22. In the electroplating of nickel, 0.200 (B) 4
(D) Hydrogen is reduced from +2 to faraday of electrical charge is (C) 6
+1. passed through a solution of NiSO4. (D) 8
(E) H2O2 behaves as an oxidizing What mass of nickel is deposited? (E) 14
agent. (A) 2.94 g
(B) 5.87 g 26. What is Keq for the reaction:
- + 2+ 2+
19. Based on the reaction 2BrO3 + 12H (C) 11.7 g Fe(s) + Ni → Fe + Ni(s) given:
- 2+ - o
+ 10e → Br2 + 6H2O, choose the (D) 58.7 g Ni + 2e → Ni E = -0.25 V
2+ - o
correct statement: (E) 294 g Fe + 2e → Fe E = -0.44 V
- -23
(A) The BrO3 undergoes oxidation (A) 1.9 x 10
-8
at the anode. 23. If a copper sample containing some (B) 7.6 x 10
3
(B) Br goes from a -1 oxidation zinc impurity is to be purified by (C) 3.6 x 10
6
state to a 0 oxidation state. electrolysis, the anode and the (D) 2.6 x 10
22
(C) Br2 is oxidized at the anode. cathode must be which of the (E) 5.2 x 10
+
(D) H is a catalyst. following?
-
(E) The BrO3 undergoes reduction Anode Cathode
at the cathode. (A) pure copper pure zinc
(B) pure zinc pure copper
1. D
2. A FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS
3. B 27. A galvanic cell is construted with a cobalt electrode in a 1.0 M Co(NO3)2 solution in the left compartment, and a silver
4. D
electrode in a 1.0 M AgNO3 solution in the right compartment. The salt bridge contains KNO3(aq). The voltage is positive.
5. A
6. C (A) What is the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction, and what is the cell potential? 27.
2+ - o
7. C Co + 2e → Co E = -0.28 V a.Co(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Co2+(aq) +
+ - o
8. D Ag + e → Ag E = +0.80 V 2Ag(s), E = +1.08 V
9. D (B) Which electrode is the anode? Justify your answer. b. cobalt
c. KCl cannot be substituted because
10. C (C) Could KCl be substituted for the KNO3 in the salt bridge? Justify your answer. Cl- will precipitate to form AgCl
11. C (D) If solid Co(NO3)2 is added to the cobalt compartment, what happens to the total voltage? d. the voltage will decrease. Reaction
12. A (E) If the cell is allowed to operate until equilibrium is established, what will the potential be? shifts left.
13. C e. At equilibrium, voltage will be 0 V.
14. D
15. B 28. The above galvanic cell is constructed with a cadmium electrode in a 1.0 M Cd(NO3)2 solution in the left compartment,
16. A and silver electrode in a 1.0 M AgNO3 solution in the right compartment. The salt bridge contains KNO3(aq). The cell
2+ - o
17. A voltage is positive. (NOTE: Cd + 2e → Cd, E = -0.41 V)
18. C (A) What is the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction, and what is the cell potential? 28.
19. E (B) Show how to calculate the equilibrium constant for the cell. a. 2Ag+ + Cd → Cd2+ + 2Ag, E = +1.21 V
20. B (C) Write the expression for Q that would be needed in the Nernst equation. b. log K = nEo/0.0592
21. E (D) Show how to calculate the free energy for the reaction. c. Q = [Cd2+]/[Ag+]2
22. B d. ΔGo = -nFEo = (-2)(96,500)(1.21)
(E) Identify the anode, the cathode, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent. e. anode = Cd, cathode = Ag, oxidizing
23. D
24. D agent = Ag+, reducing agent = Cd
25. D
26. D