USE ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

DEFINITION OF TERMS

HAZARD

• It is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or conditions that

may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihood and services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage.

• Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon.

• It could be naturalized or human-induced.

EXPOSURE

• The degree to which the element is at risk are likely to experience hazard events of
different magnitude.

• Is the characteristics and circumstances of a community system or asset that make it

susceptible to the damaging effects of hazard.

• This may arise from various physical, social, economic and environmental factors. • Is
the combination of all strengths and resources available within the community, society
or organization that can reduce the level of risk or effects of the disaster
DISASTER

• A disaster is a natural or man-made or (technological) hazard resulting in a event of

substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction. Loss of life or
drastic change to the environment. A disaster can be ostensibly defined as any tragic
event stemming from event such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires
or explosions. It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and
destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people.

NATURAL DISASTER

• A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard effects human and/or the
build environment. Human vulnerability. And lack of appropriate emergency
management leads to financial, environmental or human impact. The resulting loss
depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their
resilience This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: “disasters occurs
when hazard meets vulnerability” a natural hazards will hence never result in natural
disaster in areas without vulnerability.

CLASSIFICATIONS

Man-made or Human-induced Disaster

• Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards example

include stampede, fires, transport accidents, Industrial accidents, oil spill, and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may be put in this category. As with
natural hazards. Man-made hazards are events that have not happened, for instance
terrorism, Man-made Disasters are example of specific cases where man-made
hazards have become reality in an event.
WHAT IS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION?

• Disaster Risk Reduction is “Actions taken to reduce the risk of disasters and the
adverse impacts of natural hazards, through systematic efforts to analyzed and
manage the causes of disasters including through avoidance of hazards reduced social
and economic vulnerability to hazards and Improved preparedness for adverse events.

• The conceptual framework of element considered with the possibilities to minimize

vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout the society to avoid (Prevention) or to
limit (Mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards within the broad
context of sustainable development.

WHAT IS THE USE OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION?

1. Ensure that DRR is a national and local priorities with strong institutional basis for
implementation.

2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning

3. Use knowledge, Innovations and education to build a culture of safety and resilience
at all levels.

4. Reduce the underlying risk factors.

5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective at all levels.

COMPONENTS OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

1. Mitigation – Measures to be taken before and after an event.

2. Preparedness – Measures to be taken before and after an event.

3. Response – Measures to be taken during and immediately after an event

4. Recovery – Post-Disaster Measures.

MITIGATION

• Mitigation is a effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of
disaster. It is permanent reduction of the risk of the disaster. Mitigation lessen the
livelihood and severity of disaster by implementing sustained action such as improved
construction practice to reduce or eliminate long term risk to people and property.

TYPES OF MITIGATION

1. Primary Mitigation

- Primary mitigation refers to Increasing the resistance to the hazard and

reducing vulnerability.
 2. Secondary Mitigation

- Secondary Mitigation refers to reducing the effect of the hazard(preparedness).

Various Approaches/Strategies of Disaster Mitigation

Risk Identification – The first step in disaster mitigation is to identify areas that are Risk to
hazard.

1. Land-Use Planning – Includes the mapping of disaster prone area which should
contain member of livestock per unit area, crop density, population density, road
network, location of shelter etc.

2. Structural and Non-Structural – Mitigation measures may involve construction (e.g

dykes and flood protection walls and also eco system based approach to flood and
erosion control such as planting mangrove forests).

3. Disaster relief and Rehabilitation – Supply emergency humanitarian aid to victims for
survival and relocate the people whose residents have been destroyed badly,
inappropriate for living

4. Disaster Management Training And Education – Trained up group of personnel need

to be formed in local, national and regional context mitigate and reduce disaster risk
and damages.
 5. Role of Media in Disaster Risk Reduction – Media is the effective means to circulate
the news and bulletins about hazard warning and mitigation processes.

6. Institutional Capacity Building – Several institutional bodies are engaged with

disaster mitigation processes such as local community, organization, local and
national government.

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

• Disaster preparedness encompasses planning and actions taken to effectively respond

to and mitigate the impact of disasters. This includes creating emergency plans,
conducting drills, stockpiling essentials, and educating communities.

• Preparedness includes:

1. Forecasting and Warning for different hazard.

2. Emergency Preparedness

3. Education, Training, Public Awareness

 Weather Forecast And Early Warnings

Forecast – Is the application of science and technology to predict the state of atmosphere for a
given location. Made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere
at the given place and using scientific understanding of atmospheric processes to project how
the atmosphere will change.

Tools – Type of tools like barometer, Radiosonde, Satellite (Geostationary and Polar orbit),
Radar and other equipments.

Early Warning System – Major element of Disaster Risk Reduction. It prevents loss of life
and reduce the economic and material impact of disasters.

RESPONSE

• Disaster Response is the implementing phase of the disaster preparenss step. The
focus of the response phase is on meeting the basic needs of people until more
permanent and sustainable solutions can be found.

• To be ready to response with capability to provide rapid and efficient medical, rescue
and emergency supply and equipment to those in need. Following steps of task should
be implemented.

1. Mobilization

2. Assessment
 3. Requirement analysis

4. Rescue and evacuation

5. Emergency assistance

RECOVERY

• Involves a set of policies and procedures to enable the recovery continuation of vital
technology infrastructures and systems following a natural and human induced
disaster .

• Recovery consist of :

1. Rehabilitation

2. Reconstruction

3. Psychological Counseling

4. Long term Assistance to Rebuilt the community.