iSAH: Tin Can Solar Generated Air Heater

An Investigatory Project
Presented to the Board of Judges
As entry to the 2023-2024
Division Science Fair
Division Level
Science Innovation Expo - Team

Proponents:
*Tristan Angelo Relucio Nabong
Trisha Rose Silvestre Baclig
Ace Nicole Maxine Julian
Title: iSAH: Tin Can Solar Generated Air Heater

Names of Project Proponents:

Tristan Angelo Relucio Nabong

Trisha Rose Silvestre Baclig

Ace Nicole Maxine Julian

Region: III

Division: Nueva Ecija

Grade Level: 10

CATEGORY OF RESEARCH THEME

Physical Science Food Safety
Life Science Water Conservation
Robotics and Intelligent Machines  Renewable Energy Cyber
Mathematics and Computational Security
Sciences Traffic/Road Congestion
 Science Innovation Expo Health
Disaster Mitigation
Agriculture and
CATEGORY
Environment
 Team
Individual
 ABSTRACT

This study focused on the development of a device aimed at

offering an alternative solution for solar air heating. The primary

objective of this project was to create a highly efficient and affordable

method to warm air, catering to a wide range of applications including

crop drying, space heating, and ventilation.

In the evaluation of the performance of the iSAH, comprehensive

testing was conducted using a combination of hygrometer and

thermometer strips. These instruments were strategically placed

within the area to measure and monitor the heat released during the

operation of the device.

The researchers discovered and observed that this device can be

a good replacement or substitute for the Solar Air Heater or the

commercial product. The device is more affordable and very easy to

assemble than the commercialized one.

Analysis of the data shows that there is a significant difference

between the generated heat of the different trials with different area

sizes. Whereas the findings revealed that the device works well in

smaller areas, and works poorly in larger areas.

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

The rising concern for climate change and global energy demand

has led to a rise in greenhouse gas emissions and a decrease in the

availability of non-renewable energy sources. Therefore, to fulfill this

rising demand, there is a need for alternative, clean energy sources

and solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising

alternatives to conventional energy sources that can be harnessed for

various applications, including space heating, crop drying and

composting.

This device and innovation that the researchers came up with

can be an alternative for solar air heaters which can provide a cost-

effective way to heat air for various purposes such as space heating,

crop drying, composting and ventilation. The use of an alternative

solar air heater has also many benefits, including lower energy bills,

reduced reliance on fossil fuels, reduced carbon emissions and

increased energy independence. Additionally, this device uses a

different type of collector, such as tin cans, to increase the efficiency

of the system. Tin cans that are made up of aluminum or steel provide

an effective and inexpensive material that is used as an absorber plate

for these alternative solar air heaters.

 This study is beneficial because the device is a sustainable and

environmentally-friendly solution that can contribute to reducing the

carbon footprint of buildings and homes. This study would also

benefit farmers, homeowners and businesses because they will have

solar air heaters that are not expensive and can assemble by

themselves.

Literature Review

Tin Can as Waste

Beverage waste such as Tin Cans contributes significantly to

environmental damages, aggregating to 40-60% of roadside litter, 42%

in state waterways, and 49% of litter at all sites, with about 425 cans

per capita per year (Diaz, et al., 2016).

During the production process, the Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) has found the coatings of the cans to contain volatile

organic compounds. These are carcinogenic compounds released into

the air that can contaminate local wildlife and communities. The

process of mining Bauxite (the material to make aluminum) has also

been found to lead to water and air pollution (International Rivers,

2006).

On the other hand, Tin Cans are an advantage because

aluminum can be broken down and used to create a new can.

Compared to other forms of beverage containment, such as bottles,

glass, or paper cartons, aluminum is completely reusable for the same

purpose. When other materials are recycled, they are broken into finer

materials and used for other products. According to the Aluminum

Association, steel cans are by far, the most recycled beverage

container. An average can contains 70 percent recycled metal and are

recycled over and over again in a true ‘closed loop’ recycling process.

(Aluminum Association, 2016)

Tin boost Solar Water Heater Efficiency

Scientists at the National Research Centre, Egypt have

demonstrated that black tin anodized aluminum is 17% more heat

efficient for flat panel solar water heaters than standard black paint

coatings. Solar water heaters, using sunlight to heat domestic water,

are expected to be an important step towards tackling climate change,

supplying up to 35% of demand by 2050. Around 250 million

dwellings used solar water heaters on rooftops in 2020, including flat

panel and evacuated tube designs, both of which are used in different

types of climate.

Flat panels traditionally use a black paint such as Thurmolox,

or ‘selective’ coatings typically based on chrome or nickel that may be

undesirable or expensive. Black paint coatings absorb more heat but

also release more energy. More efficient, sustainable and cost-effective

solutions are needed. The Egyptian team compared the performance of

the tin anodised aluminum panel, made using stannous sulfate, to a

black paint panel across a range of daytime temperatures and found a

significantly higher efficiency for tin. Temperatures achieved were up

to 10°C higher. (Shaffei, et al., 2021)

The present work may provide an important new route towards

making solar water heater systems more cost-effective and able to

contribute a greater share of domestic heat demand per household.

This study also aims to make a solar air heater that is more cost-

effective. Both devices use tin in making the solar heater.

Solar Air Heater

Solar air heating systems absorb thermal energy from direct

sunlight to heat air; this heated air can then be circulated through

buildings to provide heat. Solar air heating technologies use only free,

renewable, and clean energy, and can help defray the rising cost of

conventional energy. solar air heating systems should face within 30°

of true south to maximize their exposure to the sun.

In barns and outbuildings where ventilation is important, an

active solar heating system that uses perforated metal cladding can

guarantee an inflow of heated fresh air, improving indoor air quality. It

can be easily incorporated into plans for a new building or retrofitted

onto an older building, replacing the normal cladding. In warmer

climates, solar air heating can be used for more intense work, like

drying crops. Apart from the upfront costs, solar air heating requires
only routine maintenance—the energy it generates is free. (Juneau,

2023)

In this study, we will create a solar air heater made out of tin

cans. Despite the change of components, both devices work the same

way. However, a tin can solar generated air heater is eco-friendlier and

more cost-friendly than the usual solar air heater.

Solar Water Heater

Solar water heater is a device that uses solar heat energy to

produce hot water. It consists of a solar collector mounted on the roof

of a building or a house. Depending on the system, unheated water

can either be heated directly by being circulated from the tank

through the collector or by a high-capacity heat-exchange fluid that

has been warmed in the collector and transmits its heat through

tubes in the water in the tank. (Swati, 2016)

The advent of ‘green energy’ has helped people to adopt efficient

and sustainable methods to carry out daily activities. Ideally, the solar

water heater offers numerous advantages in a cost-effective manner.

Solar water heaters do not require high maintenance, it is a renewable

source of energy meaning it is completely free. This device is also

efficient as it converts almost 80% radiation into heat energy without

making use of any external fuels. (Clark, 2019)

 On the other hand, the effectiveness of the collector and the

overall system design largely determine the output of a solar hot water

system. An efficient solar hot water system must be designed with the

collector and storage tank sized appropriately for the amount of hot

water that will be used. All solar water heaters must also include

temperature restriction and overheating mitigation features, especially

if they are deployed in warm locations.

Solar Thermal Collector

Solar energy collectors are special kind of heat exchangers that

transform solar radiation energy to internal energy of the transport

medium. The major component of any solar system is the solar

collector. This is a device which absorbs the incoming solar radiation,

converts it into heat, and transfers this heat to a fluid flowing through

the collector. The solar energy thus collected is carried from the

circulating fluid either directly to the hot water or space. (Kalogirou,

2004)

The major advantages of solar thermal collectors are that they

can generate high temperature heat, have high concentration ratio,

have high thermal efficiency, and are cost effective to maintain.

On the other hand, the disadvantages associated with this

system are that they can utilize a small amount of diffuse radiation

and have additional operating components in the form of a tracking

motor. (Ratlamwala, 2014)

Solar Panel

A solar panel is a component of a photovoltaic system that is

made out of a series of photovoltaic cells arranged to generate

electricity using sunlight. The main component of a solar panel is a

solar cell, which converts the Sun’s energy to usable electrical energy.

The most common form of solar panels involves crystalline silicon-type

solar cells. (Britannica, 2023)

Solar panels have enjoyed a meteoric rise in popularity in recent

decades. That’s thanks in part to an increase in environmentally

responsible behavior and the desire to reduce energy bills by

exchanging traditional sources of heating, cooling, and electricity with

cleaner, more natural sources. But solar panels won’t draw the sun’s

energy at top capacity all the time. (Perry, 2023)

Solar heaters and solar panels both use solar to work. Both

devices are turned to face the Sun and may require regular

realignment to ensure that it receives the optimum solar gain. But in

this study, the solar heater was made from recyclable materials.

Solar Energy
 Solar energy is any type of energy generated by the sun. Solar

energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun. Fusion

occurs when protons of hydrogen atoms violently collide in the sun’s

core and fuse to create a helium atom. Since sunlight only shines for

about half of the day in most parts of the world, solar energy

technologies have to include methods of storing the energy during

dark hours. Thermal mass systems use paraffin wax or various forms

of salt to store the energy in the form of heat. Photovoltaic systems

can send excess electricity to the local power grid, or store the energy

in rechargeable batteries.

A major advantage to using solar energy is that it is a renewable

resource. We will have a steady, limitless supply of sunlight for

another 5 billion years. In one hour, the Earth’s atmosphere receives

enough sunlight to power the electricity needs of every human being

on Earth for a year. Solar energy is clean. After the solar technology

equipment is constructed and put in place, solar energy does not need

fuel to work. It also does not emit greenhouse gasses or toxic

materials. Using solar energy can drastically reduce the impact we

have on the environment. Homes or businesses that install successful

solar panels can actually produce excess electricity. These

homeowners or business owners can sell energy back to the electric

provider, reducing or even eliminating power bills.

The main deterrent to using solar energy is the required

equipment. Solar technology equipment is expensive. Purchasing and

installing the equipment can cost tens of thousands of dollars for

individual homes. Although the government often offers reduced taxes

to people and businesses using solar energy, and the technology can

eliminate electricity bills, the initial cost is too steep for many to

consider. Solar energy equipment is also heavy. In order to retrofit or

install solar panels on the roof of a building, the roof must be strong,

large, and oriented toward the sun’s path. Sunlight must be abundant

and consistent for solar energy to be an efficient choice. In most

places on Earth, sunlight’s variability makes it difficult to implement

as the only source of energy. (Turgeon & Morse, 2022)

Compact Disc Solar Panel

A compact disc is used for storing media, recorded music,

audios, videos, and other data. In some cases, people tend to just

throw these discs away because they think they are no longer useful,

but little did they know that CDs are not biodegradable, and it is

predicted that a disc will take over a million years to degrade entirely

in a landfill. The global electronic sector is severely hampered by the

absence of recycling of e-waste, a problem that gets worse as gadgets

become more numerous, smaller, and complicated. Currently,

extracting minerals and metals from various types of e-waste and

recycling them costs money. According to Millennium Waste Inc., CDs

are difficult to decompose, that is why landfills are not a practical

disposal solution. CDs may also eventually leak Bisphenol A (BPA),

which can harm people's health.

Compact Discs are good reflectors of the sun because of its

shiny surfaces. It can help to enhance the quantity of light that enters

the solar cell by reflecting more of the sun's rays, which can help to

boost the solar cell's efficiency. In this study, a compact disc made out

of silicon, will be used in creating a solar panel.

This device is affordable and eco-friendly. This study would

benefit consumers because they will have a solar panel that is not

expensive and they can assemble it themselves. This would also

benefit the environment because the CDs that we will use are

recyclables.

Soda Can Solar Air Heater

Part of economic recovery is to recycle and to reuse materials

thereby saving the environment and also providing raw materials for

production. Use of soda cans can address these issues. Conventional

solar panels contain photovoltaic cells that use materials such as

silicon to convert energy from sunlight into electricity. Soda cans can't

convert sunlight to electrical power, but they can be used to capture

solar energy to heat air. (CareerTrend, 2017)

Solar air heating is a solar thermal technology in which the

energy from the sun is captured by an absorption medium and used

to heat air for buildings or process heat applications. It has been in

operation since the World War II (Patel et al., 2014)

It has been found that soda cans can serve as solar collector

receivers of air heaters which is of higher importance in the value

chain. The usage provides a cheap way of making an air heating

system. The soda cans are used as the absorber plate of a solar

collector air heater and with the sun as the heat source. This therefore

qualifies it as a solar air heating system. (Jacobs et al., 2017)

Solar Cookers

A solar oven, also called a solar cooker, is a device that

harnesses sunlight as a source of heat for cooking foodstuffs. The

solar oven is a simple, portable, economical, and efficient tool.

Especially in the developing world, solar ovens are much preferred

over other methods of cooking.

Of the many advantages of solar ovens, the greatest is their

freedom from the necessity for fuel. Solar ovens thus not only remove

any persistent labor or monetary costs associated with cooking, but by

conserving often scant resources in the long run they prevent

deforestation and desertification. Solar ovens are also useful in the

developed world whenever electricity is unavailable and traditional

open fires are undesirable, such as while camping. (Harper, 2015)

 Solar heaters and solar cookers, obviously, both use solar to

heat things up. Both devices are turned to face the Sun and may

require regular realignment to ensure that it receives the optimum

solar gain. However, in this study, the solar heater was made from

scratch.
Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows the sequence of methods and schemes on how

the device works. It also illustrates how the testing of the device is

done.

TIN CAN

PREPARATION OF
MATERIALS

ASSEMBLING TIN CAN

SOLAR GENERATED AIR
HEATER

TESTING OF DEVICE IN TERMS OF:

a. Thermal performance

b. Air concentration

c. Released heat

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Research Questions

The study seeks to address the following questions:

1. What can be the effect of Tin can Solar Generated Air Heater as

an alternative Solar Air Heater, in terms of:

a. Thermal performance (per 30 minutes)

b. Area Concentration (proximo-distal or cephalocaudal)

c. Released heat (°C)

2. Can a tin can solar air heater be capable of warming room

temperature?

3. Is there a significant difference between the generated heat of

the different trials with different area sizes?

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to make a solar air heater made out of a tin

can and produce heat by it. This study aims to make a solar air heater

that is affordable and eco-friendly. This study was done in August to

September 2023 at Maestrang Kikay, Talavera, Nueva Ecija.

The results of this study are applicable to warm room

temperature and in crop drying. This study is limited only in finding

the materials to gather and duration to test the device. This study

focuses on making tin can air heaters to produce heat.

Significance of the Study

This study yields to benefit the following:

Community - This study offers consumers significant electric bill

savings because they will have solar air heaters that are not expensive

and can assemble by themselves.

Energy Sector - This study introduces an alternative way in creating

solar air heaters which can ensure security of supply, meet the energy

demand, and promote clean energy resources and technologies.

Businessman - This study opens new opportunities to them to try and

test this solar air heater and promote it to the public.

Farmers - This study benefits farmers from using solar air heaters to

dry crops as it can help them to increase their crop yields and even

improve their incomes.

Researchers - This provides new knowledge to the researchers.

Environment - This study serves as an environmentally friendly air

heater as it can contribute to reducing the carbon footprints,

greenhouse emission and mitigate climate change.

Definition of Terms

For the better understanding of the study, the following terms

are defined in the context of this research.

Aluminum - is a chemical element (its symbol in chemical formula

expressions is “Al”) that is used to absorb and transfer heat from a

heat source, and often chosen for its high thermal conductivity, light

weight and resistance to corrosion.

Cephalocaudal – a pattern that is upper to lower.

Crop Drying - reduces grain moisture content to a safe level for

storage. Solar air heating is a renewable energy heating technology

used to dry agricultural products effectively and efficiently.

Generate - To produce, create, or bring into existence.

iSAH - This is inspired by the apple products ‘i’ in iPhone, iPad, and

iMac that means 'internet, individual, instruct, inform and inspire’. In

this study, ‘i’ means innovated, as this study shows a new way in

making a Solar Air Heater (SAH).

Proximo-distal – a pattern that is left to right.

Solar Air Heater - a device that uses solar energy to heat air

Solar Energy - the radiation from the Sun capable of producing heat,

causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity.

Steel - a metal alloy made mostly of iron and carbon, and is often

chosen for its high thermal conductivity and durability.

Thermal Performance - a factor that is concerned how well can the

room retain heat.

Tin - a soft faintly bluish-white lustrous low-melting crystalline

metallic element that is malleable and ductile at ordinary

temperatures and that is used especially in containers, as a protective

coating, in tinfoil, and in soft solders and alloys.

Tin Can - a container made up of metal, typically steel or aluminum,

that is used to store and preserve food.

 CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

In this investigational study, researchers are conducting

experiments to see whether this device may be used as an alternate

solution for solar air heating. Experimental research will be used in

this research study to assist the researchers in organizing the

procedures and testing, as stated below.

Designing & Implementation

Planning phase
development phase
phase

Analyzing Conclusion
Trial phase
phase

Research Locale

The materials required for the device’s construction was

conducted in local stores and junk shops from Talavera. The device

was conducted and tested between August to September 2023 at

Maestrang Kikay, Talavera, Nueva Ecija. The result of the study

determines if the solar air heater made out of tin can can generate

and produce heat by it.

Research Instrument

The materials gathered are 32 pieces of 155 grams Tin Can, 2

pieces of 110 cm long x 8 cm wide and 2 cm thick wood, 2 pieces of

38x58 in cardboard, 40x49 cm Fiberglass, Hair Blower, exhaust hose,

12v Regulator, 40 pieces 4in Nails, 43 cm long x 8 cm wide fly screen,

flat black spray, wood glue. Almost all materials were bought from

local stores and junk shops. Some are from the researcher's home.

The necessary equipment that is used in the making of the device are

drill, measuring tape, saw, and hammer.

Construction of the Device

The base and frame of the device was made up of 2 cm thick

wood with a size of 53 x 44 cm. Then two 49 cm long x 7 cm wide

cardboard and two 40 cm long x 7 cm wide cardboard are placed

inside the edge of the wooden frame. Then 7 holes were made at the

lower part of the wooden frame with the use of the drill. Fly screen is

attached at the bottom of the device to cover the holes to protect the

interior of the device from the insects going inside.

Thirty-two (32) pieces of 155 grams Tin Cans or 7x5 cans are

attached inside the frame respectively, the cans and cardboards are

painted using a flat black spray. At the upper part of the back frame,

one hole was made and the hair blower was installed, the exhaust

hose is then connected to the blower. For the cover of the device, a
40x49 cm fiberglass is attached. The device is finally done and ready

for testing.

Figure 2. Exterior Set-up

Figure 3. Interior Set-up

Schematic Design of the Device

Application of the Device

The device is turned to face the Sun and may require regular

realignment to ensure that it receives the optimum solar gain. The

area used in this study is 12x8 feet, 6x4 feet, and 6.6x3.11 feet wide.

The device is tested whether the area has sufficient heat done by the

device. The device is tested in terms of its thermal performance every

30 minutes, area concentration in a room, whether it is proximo-distal

or cephalocaudal in pattern, and released heat at °C.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data was collected right after the experiment. The device is

tested in terms of its thermal performance every 30 minutes, area

concentration in a room, whether it is proximo-distal or cephalocaudal

in pattern, and released heat at °C. The experimentation is performed

in Maestrang Kikay, Talavera, Nueva Ecija.

Data Analysis

The researchers examined the results of the experimentation by

using a One-way ANOVA Test. This was used to interpret and

determine if there were any significant differences between the

generated heat of different trials with different area sizes.

 CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

Table 1 shows the test result of the thermal performance of Tin

Can Solar Generated Air Heater in a room.

Table 1. Thermal Performance

Trial Area Initial °C/30 °C/60 °C/90 °C/120 °C/150 °C/180

(ft) Tempera minut minut minut minut minute minute
ture (°C) es es es es s s

1 12x8 35.2 34.3 34.3 35.1 35.2 35.1 34.9

2 6x4 35.1 32.4 32.4 32.1 32.3 32.3 32.3

3 6.6 x 34.1 34.1 35.5 35.5 39.3 37.5 36.4

3.11

The device is exposed in direct sunlight to be able to receive

heat. The data was recorded every 30 minutes. In trial 1, at 12x8 feet

wide area, the researchers gathered the initial temperature using a

hygrometer at 35.2 °C, after 30 minutes, the temperature dropped to

34.3 °C, and the temperature remained after 60 minutes. 90 minutes

had passed, and the temperature rose to 35.1 °C. 120 minutes later,

the temperature rose to 35.2 °C. After 150 minutes, the temperature

dropped to 35.1 °C. Lastly, after 180 minutes, the temperature

dropped to 34.9 °C. One of the causes of the temperature drop is the

device’s sunlight exposure. When a cloud blocks the sun, the device

receives no heat making it release insufficient heat to warm an area.

Since the temperature did not exceed the initial temperature, the

device did not warm the area. The device is also too small to warm the

area.

In trial 2, at 6x4 feet wide area, the researchers gathered the

initial temperature using a hygrometer with 35.1 ° C. After 30

minutes, the temperature dropped to 32.4 °C, and the temperature

remained after 60 minutes. 90 minutes had passed, and the

temperature dropped to 32.1 °C. 120 minutes later, the temperature

rose to 32.3 °C, and after 150 minutes, the temperature remained the

same. Lastly, after 180 minutes, the temperature still remained the

same at 32.3 °C. One of the causes of the temperature drop is the

device’s sunlight exposure. When a cloud blocks the sun, the device

receives no heat making it release insufficient heat to warm an area.

Another one is the room that is almost fully covered with tiles, since

tiles repel heat, keeping the room cool. The hose is also too long

making more air pressure lost on route. Since the temperature did not

exceed the initial temperature, the device did not warm the area.

In trial 3, at 6.6x3.11 feet wide area, the researchers covered

the tiles with plastic-coated aluminum foil for better testing. The

researchers gathered the initial temperature using a hygrometer with

34.1 °C, and after 30 minutes, the temperature remained the same.

60 minutes later, the temperature rose to 35.5 °C. 90 minutes had

passed, and the temperature remained the same. 120 minutes later,

the temperature rose to 39.3 °C. After 150 minutes, the temperature
dropped to 37.5 °C. Lastly, after 180 minutes, the temperature

dropped to 36.4 °C. One of the causes of the temperature drop is the

device’s sunlight exposure. When a cloud blocks the sun, the device

receives no heat making it release insufficient heat to warm an area.

The temperature also exceeds the initial temperature, making the

device functional in the area.

Table 2 shows the test result of the area concentration of Tin

Can Solar Generated Air Heater in a room.

Table 2. Area Concentration

This was gathered after the experiment in thermal performance.

Since trial 1 and 2 thermal performance did not exceed the initial

temperature, meaning, the device is not functional in the area, the

testing for area concentration is not conducted. The temperature was

gathered using temperature strips that are attached to the wall while

the device was on for 180 minutes. The data was gathered right after

the testing in thermal performance. In the upper portion, the

temperature is 35 °C. In the mid portion, temperature is 36 °C, same

with the lower portion. The left, mid, and right portion shows the

same temperature range of 35-36 °C. Therefore, the area

concentration is proximo-distal, since from the left to right in mid and

lower portions shows the same temperature, 36 °C, which is higher

than the left to right in the upper portion, 35 °C.

Table 3 shows the test results of the released heat of Tin Can

Solar Generated Air Heater.

Table 3. Released Heat

°C/30 °C/60 °C/90 °C/ °C/ °C/ Averag

Trial minut minut minut 120 150 180 e (°C)
es es es minut minut minut
es es es

3 34.1 35.5 35.5 39.3 37.5 36.4 36.38

The released heat of the device is the average temperature of the

test results of thermal performance in trial 3, the one that exceeds the

initial temperature, since the results of it shows the heat released

from the device. Trial 3 is used because it is more exact than other

trials. The average released heat of the device is 36.38 °C.

 Since the device exceeds the initial temperature, the device is

capable of warming the room temperature. This was shown at trial 3,

where initial temperature, 34.1 °C, raised as high as 39.3 °C.

Table 4. One - way ANOVA of the heat generated of the trial 1,

trial 2, and trial 3 test.

Based on the table, the F critical value which is 3.55456 is

lower than the F value of 12.7027 which indicates that the null

hypothesis must be rejected. Therefore, there is a significant

difference between the generated heat of the different trials with

different area sizes that is tested using a hygrometer.

Conclusions

The following statements are presented as conclusions on the

observations conducted based on the results and discussions of the

study.

1. The Tin Can Solar Generated Air Heater can be a good

replacement or substitute for the Solar Air Heater or the

commercial product. The device is more affordable and very

easy to assemble than the commercialized one.

1.1 Thermal Performance

The results show that the area can affect the thermal

performance of the Tin Can Solar Generated Air Heater. The

thermal performance of the device depends on how wide the

area is. The device works well in smaller areas, and works

poorly in larger areas.

1. 2 Area Concentration

Results show that the air is concentrated from left to right

in mid and lower portions of the wall. From the left to right in

mid and lower portions show the same temperature which is

higher than the left to right in the upper portion. Therefore, the

area concentration of the device is proximo-distal.

1.3 Released Heat

Results show that the device is capable of releasing heat

as high as 39.3 °C. The device is also capable of releasing heat

as low as 34.1 °C. The average released heat of the Tin Can

Solar Generated Heater is 36.38 °.

2. The Tin Can Solar Generated Air Heater is capable of warming

room temperature as it exceeds the initial temperature in trial 3.

However, it depends on the area as the device did not exceed the

initial temperature in trial 1 and trial 2.

 3. There is a significant difference between the generated heat of

the different trials with different area sizes that is tested using a

hygrometer.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following are hereby

recommended for future assessments:

1. For more efficiency and durability, the commercialized Solar Air

Heater can be used.

2. Use stronger materials if the Tin Can Solar Generated Air

Heater would be used in the communities.

3. Use an aluminum duct with 3 inches of hole instead of a

washing machine drain hose for more heat released in a room.

4. Use a Scythe gentle typhoon cooling fan instead of a hair blower

to maximize heat generation.

5. Use different testing methods (i.e. crop drying) for more precise

results.

6. Increase the size of the device for better performance in larger

areas.

7. To improve benefits brought from the study, further research is

advised.
References

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generation

Clark, D. “Advantages of Installing a Solar Water Heater.”

Construction21, 29 July, 2019, Retrieved from:

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APPENDICES

Appendix A

ISEF FORMS
 Appendix B

Calendar of Activities

This table provides the chart illustration of the researchers’

Project Study schedule which enabled the researchers to coordinate

and track specific activities and tasks

GANTT CHART
Year 2023 August September
Major Project Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week
Time Plan 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Brainstorming of
ideas to greater
depth

Elimination for
possible topic

Finalizing
proposed topic

Research about
proposed topic

Consultations
with Research
Adviser

Writing of
Chapter 1
Introduction

Literature review

Writing of
Methodology

Submission and
Approval of
Chapter 1 & 2
 Gathering of
Materials

Making of Device

Experimentation

Writing of
Chapter 3:
Interpretation of
Data

Writing of our
conclusions and
recommendations

Submission of
Write-up
 Appendix C

DATA LOGBOOK

4/3/23 - 4/7/23 MONDAY - FRIDAY

Gathering of Materials

The materials were purchased from different local stores and

junk shops. The researchers also bought things that will be used for

our testing online.

4/8/23 - 4/15/23 SATURDAY - SATURDAY

Construction of the Device

The researchers started constructing the Device.

4/23/23 SUNDAY

Testing of the Device

Testing was conducted at Maestrang Kikay, Talavera, Nueva

Ecija. The researcher noticed that the air coming out from the device

is weak.

4/24/23 - 4/29/23 MONDAY - SATURDAY

Reconstruction

The air coming out from the device was found to be weak.

Hence, the researcher started finding an air blower. The consulted

professional then suggested using a hair blower and helped them to

remove the heater that the hair blower contains.

5/2/23 TUESDAY

Trial 1

On the first trial, the researchers noticed that the room

temperature is not changing, in fact, the room temperature is

becoming lower than the usual one. The researchers thought that

maybe the room is too big for the device.

5/3/23 WEDNESDAY

Trial 2

On the second trial, the device is tested in a smaller room. But

the temperature is falling. The researchers thought that the tiles were

causing the temperature to fall.

5/8/23 MONDAY

Trial 3

On the last trial, the researchers found another room. They

covered the tiles and tested it again. The temperature finally becomes

higher than usual.

 Appendix D

Bill of Materials

The tabulated cost of the materials that were used for the

construction of the project are listed below:

No. Materials Price Quantity Total Price

1 Tin can - 35 ₱50.00

2 Fiberglass ₱350.00 1 ₱350.00

3 Drain hose ₱65.00 3 ₱195.00

4 Flat black spray ₱100.00 3 ₱300.00

6 Thermometer ₱8.00 30 ₱240.00

strip

7 Hygrometer ₱108.00 1 ₱108.00

5 Aluminum tape ₱217.00 1 ₱217.00

6 Wood glue ₱90.00 1 ₱90.00

7 Aluminum duct ₱395.00 1 ₱395.00

8 Exhaust fan ₱300.00 1 ₱300.00

TOTAL ₱2245.00

Appendix E

Device Design and Fabrication

 Tin cans that will be used in iSAH Holes are drilled at the
bottom of the tin can

Tin cans are sparyed using fat black Wooden frame

spray

Plywood backframe Wooden frame and Plywood backframe

attached together

40x49 cm long cardboard attached at Tin cans glued together

the edge of the frame
using aluminum tape
Tin cans installed Hair blower installed
inside the frame to the device

Appendix F

Statistical Method used

 Appendix G

Documentation during the implementation of the iSAH

Trial 1 Trial 2

Trial 3