Animal Tissue Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

**Epithelial Tissue:**

1. Which of the following functions is primarily associated with epithelial

tissues?
a. Contraction
b. Secretion
c. Support
d. Blood transport

2. The classification of epithelial tissues into simple, stratified, and

pseudostratified is based on:
a. Blood supply
b. Number of cell layers
c. Extracellular matrix
d. Contractility

3. What is the main role of tight junctions in epithelial tissues?

a. Support
b. Communication
c. Cell-cell adhesion
d. Nutrient storage

4. Where can ciliated epithelium be commonly found?

 a. Skin
b. Stomach lining
c. Respiratory tract
d. Bone

5. Which epithelial tissue type is best suited for areas subjected to friction and
wear?
a. Simple squamous
b. Stratified squamous
c. Simple cuboidal
d. Pseudostratified columnar

**Connective Tissue:**

6. What is the main function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

a. Contraction
b. Phagocytosis
c. Matrix production
d. Electrical signaling

7. Cartilage is an example of which type of connective tissue?

a. Loose connective tissue
b. Dense connective tissue
c. Specialized connective tissue
d. Vascular connective tissue
8. What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix in connective
tissues?
a. Collagen
b. Actin
c. Myosin
d. Keratin

9. Adipose tissue is specialized for:

a. Blood clotting
b. Fat storage
c. Oxygen transport
d. Muscle contraction

10. Which connective tissue type is mineralized to provide rigidity and

support?
a. Adipose tissue
b. Bone tissue
c. Blood tissue
d. Lymphatic tissue

**Muscular Tissue:**

11. Skeletal muscles are typically attached to:

a. Nerves
b. Joints
c. Ligaments
 d. Bones

12. In which type of muscle tissue are striations absent?

a. Skeletal muscle
b. Smooth muscle
c. Cardiac muscle
d. Voluntary muscle

13. Which muscle tissue type is involuntary and found in the walls of internal
organs?
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Smooth muscle
c. Cardiac muscle
d. Striated muscle

14. What is the functional unit of contraction in skeletal muscle?

a. Sarcomere
b. Myofibril
c. Actin
d. Myosin

15. Cardiac muscle is characterized by:

a. Voluntary control
b. Intercalated discs
c. Lack of striations
d. Single nuclei per cell
**Nervous Tissue:**

16. Neurons are specialized for:

a. Contraction
b. Secretion
c. Communication
d. Support

17. Gray matter in the nervous system primarily consists of:

a. Neuron cell bodies
b. Myelinated axons
c. Dendrites
d. Synaptic vesicles

18. The myelin sheath is formed by:

a. Neuron cell bodies
b. Schwann cells
c. Microglia
d. Astrocytes

19. The gap between two neurons where communication occurs is called:
a. Synapse
b. Nucleus
c. Ganglion
 d. Myelin sheath

20. The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of:

a. Oxygen
b. Glucose
c. Certain molecules
d. All substances

1. **Which type of epithelial tissue lines the inner surface of blood vessels?**
- a) Squamous epithelium
- b) Cuboidal epithelium
- c) Columnar epithelium
- d) Pseudostratified epithelium

2. **Cilia are hair-like projections found on which type of epithelium?**

- a) Simple squamous epithelium
- b) Stratified squamous epithelium
- c) Simple columnar epithelium
- d) Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

3. **The main function of the epithelium lining the small intestine is:**
- a) Protection
- b) Secretion
- c) Gas exchange
- d) Absorption
4. **Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelial cell?**
- a) Goblet cell
- b) Paneth cell
- c) Chondrocyte
- d) Basal cell

5. **Epithelial tissues are:**

- a) Avascular
- b) Highly vascularized
- c) Innervated
- d) Both a and c

## **Connective Tissue:**

6. **Bone is an example of which type of connective tissue?**

- a) Dense regular connective tissue
- b) Loose connective tissue
- c) Cartilage
- d) Blood

7. **Adipose tissue stores:**

- a) Minerals
- b) Carbohydrates
- c) Proteins
 - d) Lipids

8. **Which type of connective tissue provides support and flexibility in joints?

**
- a) Bone
- b) Blood
- c) Dense regular connective tissue
- d) Hyaline cartilage

9. **Ligaments and tendons are made of which type of connective tissue?**

- a) Dense regular connective tissue
- b) Dense irregular connective tissue
- c) Elastic connective tissue
- d) Reticular connective tissue

10. **Blood plasma is mostly composed of:**

- a) Red blood cells
- b) White blood cells
- c) Platelets
- d) Water

## **Muscular Tissue:**

11. **Skeletal muscle cells are:**

- a) Multinucleated
- b) Uninucleated
 - c) Smooth
- d) Involuntary

12. **The striated appearance of skeletal muscle is due to the presence of:**
- a) Myosin
- b) Actin
- c) Sarcomeres
- d) Collagen

13. **Cardiac muscle is:**

- a) Striated and voluntary
- b) Striated and involuntary
- c) Smooth and voluntary
- d) Smooth and involuntary

14. **The contraction of smooth muscle is mediated by:**

- a) Actin and myosin
- b) Tropomyosin and troponin
- c) Calcium ions
- d) All of the above

15. **Which muscle type exhibits rhythmic contractions without conscious

control?**
- a) Skeletal muscle
- b) Smooth muscle
- c) Cardiac muscle
 - d) All of the above

## **Nervous Tissue:**

16. **The basic unit of the nervous system is the:**

- a) Neuron
- b) Glial cell
- c) Nerve fiber
- d) Synapse

17. **Dendrites are:**

- a) Short fibers that receive signals
- b) Long fibers that transmit signals
- c) Junctions between neurons
- d) Supporting cells for neurons

18. **Myelin sheath helps to:**

- a) Increase the speed of signal transmission
- b) Protect neurons from damage
- c) Facilitate synaptic communication
- d) All of the above

19. **Neurotransmitters are:**

- a) Electrical signals
- b) Chemical messengers
 - c) Structural components of neurons
- d) None of the above

20. **The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from:**

- a) Oxygen
- b) Glucose
- c) Harmful substances
- d) All of the above

## **Bonus Round:**

21. **Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary actions?**

- a) Central nervous system (CNS)
- b) Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- c) Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
- d) Somatic nervous system

**Animal Tissue Masterclass: 30 Brain-Teasing MCQs**

Prepare to delve deeper into the intricate world of animal tissues with these 30
challenging MCQs, designed to test your knowledge and push your
understanding:

### **Epithelial Tissue:**

1. **Identify the epithelial tissue type lining the trachea, characterized by
pseudostratification and ciliated cells essential for mucus movement:**
- a) Simple squamous epithelium
- b) Stratified squamous epithelium
- c) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- d) Transitional epithelium

2. **A rare genetic disorder disrupts the normal development of enamel, the
hard outer layer of teeth. Which epithelial cell type is primarily responsible
for enamel formation?**
- a) Ameloblasts
- b) Odontoblasts
- c) Stratum basale cells
- d) Keratinocytes

3. **In certain pathological conditions, epithelial cells exhibit uncontrolled

proliferation and lose their normal adhesive properties. What type of cellular
behavior is this indicative of?**
- a) Metaplasia
- b) Dysplasia
- c) Neoplasia
- d) Apoptosis

### **Connective Tissue:**

4. **Differentiate between the two main types of cartilage based on their

composition and functional specializations:**
 - a) Hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage
- b) Dense regular connective tissue and adipose tissue
- c) Bone and blood
- d) Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

5. **A rare connective tissue disorder results in abnormally fragile bones

prone to fractures. Which protein deficiency is most likely associated with this
condition?**
- a) Collagen
- b) Elastin
- c) Fibrin
- d) Keratin

6. **Blood plasma, the non-cellular component of blood, exhibits distinct

protein fractions with diverse functions. Identify the fraction crucial for
maintaining blood volume and pressure:**

- a) Albumin
- b) Globulins
- c) Fibrinogen
- d) Electrolytes

### **Muscular Tissue:**

7. **Skeletal muscle fibers undergo fatigue during prolonged exercise.

Explain the primary biochemical factor contributing to this phenomenon:**
 - a) Depletion of ATP
- b) Accumulation of lactic acid
- c) Decreased calcium ion availability
- d) Disruption of actin-myosin cross-bridges

8. **Certain neuromuscular disorders impair the communication between

motor neurons and muscle fibers, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.
Identify the neurotransmitter typically involved in this process:**
- a) Norepinephrine
- b) Acetylcholine
- c) Dopamine
- d) Serotonin

9. **Cardiac muscle exhibits unique properties like autorhythmicity and

spontaneous contraction. Which specialized cells within the myocardium are
responsible for this pacemaker function?**
- a) Purkinje fibers
- b) Intercalated discs
- c) Sarcolemma
- d) Gap junctions

### **Nervous Tissue:**

10. **Distinguish between the two main types of neurons based on their
structural features and functional roles:**
- a) Bipolar neurons and multipolar neurons
- b) Unipolar neurons and bipolar neurons
 - c) Multipolar neurons and pseudounipolar neurons
- d) Sensory neurons and motor neurons

11. **The blood-brain barrier plays a crucial role in protecting the brain from
harmful substances. Identify the type of cell junctions forming this tight
barrier between endothelial cells:**
- a) Gap junctions
- b) Tight junctions
- c) Adherens junctions
- d) Desmosomes

12. **Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a cellular mechanism underlying

memory formation. What type of modification occurs at synapses during LTP,
strengthening signal transmission?**
- a) Increased neurotransmitter release
- b) Enhanced postsynaptic receptor sensitivity
- c) Sprouting of new neurons
- d) Formation of additional synapses

**Brace Yourself: The Toughest Animal Tissue MCQs**

Ready to face the ultimate test of your animal tissue knowledge? Buckle up
for these 15 brain-bending MCQs guaranteed to push your understanding to
the limits:

### **Epithelial Tissue:**

1. **A rare genetic mutation alters the normal function of tight junctions in
epithelial cells, leading to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Identify the specific type of epithelium most critically affected by this
disruption:**
- a) Stratified squamous epithelium
- b) Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli
- c) Transitional epithelium
- d) Cuboidal epithelium with apical secretory vesicles

2. **A novel research study investigates the potential of reprogramming

epithelial cells into pluripotent stem cells. Which specific layer within a
stratified epithelium would be the most promising target for this
reprogramming process?**
- a) Stratum corneum
- b) Stratum basale
- c) Stratum granulosum
- d) Stratum spinosum

3. **In the context of cancer research, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

(EMT) refers to a critical step in tumor progression. This process involves
changes in cell adhesion and gene expression. Which epithelial cell component
plays a key role in maintaining cell-cell adhesion and is often downregulated
during EMT?**
- a) Desmosomes
- b) Gap junctions
- c) Hemidesmosomes
- d) Tight junctions
### **Connective Tissue:**

4. **A rare metabolic disorder results in the abnormal accumulation of

glycosaminoglycans in various connective tissues, leading to joint stiffness and
organ dysfunction. What is the specific type of connective tissue most
profoundly affected by this condition?**
- a) Elastic cartilage
- b) Dense regular connective tissue
- c) Loose connective tissue
- d) Hyaline cartilage

5. **Recent research explores the potential of using stem cells derived from
adipose tissue for regenerative medicine applications. Identify the specific cell
type within adipose tissue with the highest stem cell potential:**
- a) Mature adipocytes
- b) Preadipocytes
- c) Fibroblasts
- d) Macrophages

6. **Bone remodeling, a constant process of breakdown and formation, is

crucial for maintaining bone health. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are key
players in this process. Osteoclasts primarily perform which function during
bone remodeling?**
- a) Mineralization of newly formed bone tissue
- b) Resorption of existing bone tissue
- c) Secretion of collagen fibers
- d) Activation of osteoblasts
### **Muscular Tissue:**

7. **Certain neuromuscular disorders affect the sarcoplasmic reticulum,

disrupting calcium ion release and subsequent muscle contraction. Explain the
critical role of calcium ions in skeletal muscle fiber contraction:**
- a) Binding to troponin and exposing myosin binding sites on actin
- b) Directly triggering the power stroke of myosin heads
- c) Providing energy for ATP hydrolysis
- d) Maintaining the electrical membrane potential

8. **Recent research investigates the potential of manipulating satellite cells, a

small population of stem cells residing within skeletal muscle, for therapeutic
purposes. What is the primary function of satellite cells in adult skeletal
muscle?**
- a) Generating new muscle fibers for growth and repair
- b) Providing structural support for existing muscle fibers
- c) Conducting electrical signals for muscle contraction
- d) Storing glycogen for energy reserves

9. **Cardiac muscle exhibits distinct properties like autorhythmicity and

spontaneous contraction. Explain the role of gap junctions in coordinating the
synchronized contraction of cardiac muscle cells:**
- a) Direct transmission of action potentials between cells
- b) Transmission of neurotransmitter signals from motor neurons
- c) Mechanical linkage between cells through interdigitating projections
- d) Regulation of intracellular calcium release
Certainly! Here are the properly formatted Assertion-Reason questions:

**Epithelial Tissue:**

1. **Assertion:** Epithelial tissues directly face the external environment

or line internal body cavities.
**Reason:** They provide protection, absorption, and secretion.

2. **Assertion:** Epithelial tissues are classified into simple, stratified,

and pseudostratified types based on the number of cell layers and their
arrangement.
**Reason:** This classification reflects their varying functions and
adaptations.

3. **Assertion:** Epithelial cells exhibit apical-basal polarity, meaning

they have distinct top and bottom surfaces with specialized functions.
**Reason:** This polarity allows for differential transport of molecules and
interaction with different environments.
 4. **Assertion:** Epithelial tissues use various mechanisms to maintain
cell-cell adhesion, including tight junctions, adherens junctions, and
desmosomes.
**Reason:** These junctions create a barrier, regulate transport, and
provide structural integrity.

5. **Assertion:** Epithelial tissues play a crucial role in absorption and

secretion. For example, the intestinal epithelium absorbs nutrients from
food, while the lining of the trachea secretes mucus to trap dust
particles.

6. **Assertion:** Epithelial tissues can undergo regeneration and repair,

replacing damaged cells and maintaining tissue integrity.

**Reason:** This ability is essential for maintaining protective barriers and

preventing infections.

7. **Assertion:** Certain epithelial cells, such as those in the olfactory

epithelium, have specialized sensory functions.
**Reason:** These cells contain receptors that detect chemicals and send
signals to the nervous system.

8. **Assertion:** Epithelial tissues can be found in various forms,

including sheets, glands, and linings, depending on their specific
function.
**Reason:** This morphological diversity reflects the diverse roles they play
in the body.
 9. **Assertion:** The basement membrane, a thin layer beneath epithelial
tissues, provides support and anchors them to underlying connective
tissues.
**Reason:** This interaction is crucial for tissue function and integrity.

10.**Assertion:** Epithelial tissues exhibit a variety of adaptations, such

as cilia in the respiratory tract for moving mucus and microvilli in the
small intestine for increasing absorption surface area.
**Reason:** These adaptations enhance the efficiency of specific functions.

**Connective Tissue:**

11.**Assertion:** Connective tissues bind and support other tissues and

organs.
**Reason:** They contain a large amount of intercellular matrix, often
fibers and gel-like substances.

12.**Assertion:** Connective tissues are classified into loose and dense

connective tissues, and further into specific types like adipose tissue,
cartilage, and bone.
**Reason:** This classification reflects their diverse functions and
structural components.

13.**Assertion:** Connective tissues have a high extracellular matrix-to-

cell ratio, providing structural support and influencing cell behavior.
**Reason:** The composition and organization of the matrix vary
depending on the tissue type.
 14.**Assertion:** Connective tissues can be highly vascularized, meaning
they contain many blood vessels, to nourish surrounding tissues and
support immune function.
**Reason:** Different connective tissue types have varying degrees of
vascularization depending on their specific needs.

15.**Assertion:** Connective tissues contain different types of fibers,

including collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers, with specific properties.
**Reason:** These fibers provide different types of support, flexibility, and
elasticity.

16.**Assertion:** Connective tissues play a crucial role in wound healing,

forming scar tissue and supporting tissue regeneration.
**Reason:** This ability is essential for repairing damaged tissues and
restoring function.

17.**Assertion:** Connective tissues can store nutrients, such as fat in

adipose tissue, and provide insulation and protection, such as the
cartilage in joints.
**Reason:** These diverse functions contribute to the overall health and
well-being of the organism.

18.**Assertion:** Connective tissues house various cell types, including

fibroblasts, macrophages, and plasma cells, each with specific functions.
**Reason:** This cellular diversity allows for different roles within the
tissue, such as matrix production, immune response, and blood clotting.

19.**Assertion:** Connective tissues can be mineralized, as in bone and

teeth, to provide additional rigidity and support.
 **Reason:** This mineralization process involves the deposition of calcium
and other minerals into the extracellular matrix.

20.**Assertion:** Connective tissues play a role in development and

organogenesis, providing a framework for cells to organize and form
structures.
**Reason:** Their supportive and signaling functions are crucial for
embryonic development and tissue differentiation.

**Muscular Tissue:**

21.**Assertion:** Muscular tissues are responsible for movement and

locomotion.
**Reason:** They contain specialized contractile cells that can shorten and
generate force.

22.**Assertion:** Muscular tissues are classified into skeletal, smooth, and

cardiac muscle based on their location, structure, and contraction
patterns.
**Reason:** This classification reflects their specialized roles in different
parts of the body.

23.**Assertion:** Muscular tissues have contractile units called

sarcomeres, containing actin and myosin filaments that slide past each
other to generate force.
**Reason:** The organization and regulation of these filaments determine
the strength and speed of contraction.

Certainly! Here are the formatted Assertion-Reason questions on Muscular

Tissue:
**Muscular Tissue:**

1. **Assertion:** Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and enable

voluntary movement.
**Reason:** They contract in response to conscious control from the
nervous system.

2. **Assertion:** Smooth muscles lack striations and contract

involuntarily.
**Reason:** They are found in internal organs and blood vessels, regulating
functions like breathing and digestion.

3. **Assertion:** Cardiac muscle exhibits rhythmic contractions and

relaxation without conscious control.
**Reason:** It forms the walls of the heart and pumps blood throughout the
body.

4. **Assertion:** Muscle contraction requires calcium ions.

**Reason:** Calcium release into the sarcoplasm triggers the interaction
between actin and myosin filaments.

5. **Assertion:** Actin and myosin filaments are arranged in sarcomeres

within muscle cells.
**Reason:** This organized structure allows for efficient force generation
during contraction.
 6. **Assertion:** Muscle fatigue occurs when energy reserves, like ATP,
become depleted.
**Reason:** Sustained contractions require continuous ATP supply for the
sliding of actin and myosin filaments.

7. **Assertion:** Regular exercise can increase muscle strength and

endurance.
**Reason:** It promotes muscle fiber growth, glycogen storage, and
vascularization.

8. **Assertion:** Neuromuscular junctions are the sites where motor

neurons connect to muscle fibers.
**Reason:** They transmit action potentials, triggering muscle contraction.

9. **Assertion:** Skeletal muscles contract in “all-or-none” fashion,

meaning they either fully contract or not at all.
**Reason:** This is due to the nature of action potentials and their
threshold for triggering muscle fiber activation.

10.**Assertion:** Reflexes involve involuntary muscle contractions

without conscious control.
**Reason:** They rely on neural circuits that bypass the cerebrum for
faster responses to stimuli.

**Bonus Questions:**

11.**Assertion:** White muscle fibers contract quickly but fatigue easily.

**Reason:** They have less myoglobin, which stores oxygen for sustained
contractions.
 12.**Assertion:** Red muscle fibers are more resistant to fatigue.
**Reason:** They have higher myoglobin content and rely on oxidative
metabolism for ATP production.

13.**Assertion:** Muscle cramps are involuntary and sustained

contractions.
**Reason:** They can be caused by dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, or
muscle fatigue.

14.**Assertion:** Anabolic steroids can increase muscle mass but have

undesirable side effects.
**Reason:** They mimic testosterone and promote protein synthesis, but
can also lead to liver damage and cardiovascular issues.

15.**Assertion:** Muscle memory refers to the ability to relearn a skill

more quickly after initial training.
**Reason:** It involves neuromuscular adaptations and increased
efficiency of movement patterns.

16.**Assertion:** Proper stretching helps maintain muscle flexibility and

range of motion.
**Reason:** It increases blood flow and prevents muscle tension and
soreness.

17.**Assertion:** Exercise is crucial for maintaining muscle health and

function throughout life.
**Reason:** It prevents muscle loss, promotes bone density, and improves
overall fitness and well-being.
 18.**Assertion:** Muscle damage and regeneration are part of the normal
adaptation process after exercise.
**Reason:** Microscopic tears in muscle fibers stimulate repair
mechanisms and lead to stronger muscles over time.

19.**Assertion:** Various protein supplements are marketed for muscle

building.
**Reason:** However, a balanced diet and adequate protein intake are
essential for optimal muscle growth and recovery.

20.**Assertion:** Understanding muscle physiology is crucial for athletes

and fitness enthusiasts to train effectively and prevent injuries.
**Reason:** It allows them to design training programs that target specific
muscle groups and optimize performance.

**Structure and Function:**

1. Assertion: Nervous tissue is composed of specialized cells called neurons

and supporting cells called glial cells. (Image of a neuron and glial cells)
Reason: Neurons transmit electrical signals for communication and control
throughout the body, while glial cells provide support, protection, and
nourishment to neurons.

2. Assertion: Neurons have distinct regions: a cell body, dendrites, and an

axon. (Image of a neuron structure)
Reason: The cell body houses the nucleus and organelles, dendrites receive
signals from other neurons, and the axon transmits signals to other neurons or
target cells.

3. Assertion: The myelin sheath, formed by glial cells, insulates axons and
speeds up signal transmission. (Image of a myelinated axon)
Reason: The myelin sheath acts like a fatty layer wrapped around the axon,
preventing signal leakage and allowing for faster conduction of electrical
impulses.

4. Assertion: Synapses are specialized junctions where neurons

communicate with each other or target cells. (Image of a synapse)
Reason: Neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic neuron bind to
receptors on the postsynaptic neuron or target cell, triggering a response.

5. Assertion: Action potentials are rapid changes in membrane potential

that propagate along axons, enabling signal transmission. (Image of an
action potential)
Reason: Sodium and potassium ions flow across the cell membrane in a
specific sequence, creating a wave of electrical excitation that travels down the
axon.

**Sensory and Motor Systems:**

6. Assertion: Sensory neurons receive stimuli from the environment and

internal organs and transmit them to the nervous system. (Image of a
sensory neuron)
Reason: Different types of sensory neurons, like olfactory, visual, or tactile,
are specialized for detecting specific stimuli.
 7. Assertion: Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system
to muscles, glands, and other organs, triggering responses. (Image of a
motor neuron)
Reason: Motor neurons play a crucial role in movement, reflexes, and control
of bodily functions.

8. Assertion: The spinal cord serves as a relay center for reflexes and
transmits information between the brain and the body. (Image of the
spinal cord)
Reason: Reflexes involve rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli without
conscious control, mediated by the spinal cord.

9. Assertion: The brain is the central processing unit of the nervous

system, integrating information, coordinating functions, and generating
thoughts and behaviors. (Image of the brain)
Reason: Different brain regions are specialized for various functions, like
motor control, sensory processing, memory, and emotions.

10.Assertion: The five senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing) rely
on specialized sensory organs and neural pathways to perceive the
world around us. (Image of the five senses)
Reason: Each sense involves unique receptor cells, sensory neurons, and brain
regions dedicated to processing and interpreting the incoming information.

**Development and Plasticity:**

11.Assertion: The nervous system undergoes rapid development in early

life, forming new connections and refining functions. (Image of a baby’s
brain)
Reason: This critical period of development is crucial for learning, language
acquisition, and sensory processing.

12.Assertion: The nervous system exhibits plasticity, the ability to change

and adapt throughout life in response to experiences and injuries.
(Image of a brain with neuroplasticity)
Reason: New connections can form between neurons, existing connections can
be strengthened or weakened, and brain regions can take on new functions.

13.Assertion: Learning and memory involve changes in the strength and

organization of synaptic connections between neurons. (Image of a
synapse)
Reason: Repeated exposure to stimuli or experiences strengthens synaptic
connections, while disuse can weaken them, forming the basis of memory and
learning.

14.Assertion: Sensory deprivation can lead to changes in brain structure

and function. (Image of a person wearing a blindfold)
Reason: Lack of stimulation in a particular sensory system can alter neural
pathways and processing in the corresponding brain regions.

15.Assertion: Exercise and mental stimulation can promote neuroplasticity

and cognitive health. (Image of a person exercising and reading)
Reason: These activities increase blood flow and neurotransmitter production,
stimulating the growth of new neurons and connections, and enhancing
cognitive function.

**Disorders and Diseases:**

 16.Assertion: Neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and
Parkinson’s, involve progressive loss of neurons and damage to brain
circuits. (Image of a brain with Alzheimer’s disease)
Reason: These diseases lead to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and other
debilitating symptoms.

17.Assertion: Stroke is a sudden loss of blood flow to the brain, causing

damage to brain tissue and impaired function. (Image of a stroke)
Reason: Depending on the affected area, stroke can lead to paralysis, speech
difficulties, memory loss, and other neurological problems.

1. **Assertion:** Nervous tissue is composed of specialized cells called

neurons and supporting cells called glial cells. (Image of a neuron and
glial cells)
**Reason:** Neurons transmit electrical signals for communication and
control throughout the body, while glial cells provide support, protection, and
nourishment to neurons.

2. **Assertion:** Neurons have distinct regions: a cell body, dendrites,

and an axon. (Image of a neuron structure)
**Reason:** The cell body houses the nucleus and organelles, dendrites
receive signals from other neurons, and the axon transmits signals to other
neurons or target cells.

3. **Assertion:** The myelin sheath, formed by glial cells, insulates axons

and speeds up signal transmission. (Image of a myelinated axon)
**Reason:** The myelin sheath acts like a fatty layer wrapped around the
axon, preventing signal leakage and allowing for faster conduction of
electrical impulses.
 4. **Assertion:** Synapses are specialized junctions where neurons
communicate with each other or target cells. (Image of a synapse)
**Reason:** Neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic neuron bind to
receptors on the postsynaptic neuron or target cell, triggering a response.

5. **Assertion:** Action potentials are rapid changes in membrane

potential that propagate along axons, enabling signal transmission.
(Image of an action potential)
**Reason:** Sodium and potassium ions flow across the cell membrane in a
specific sequence, creating a wave of electrical excitation that travels down the
axon.

**Sensory and Motor Systems:**

6. **Assertion:** Sensory neurons receive stimuli from the environment

and internal organs and transmit them to the nervous system. (Image of
a sensory neuron)
**Reason:** Different types of sensory neurons, like olfactory, visual, or
tactile, are specialized for detecting specific stimuli.

7. **Assertion:** Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous

system to muscles, glands, and other organs, triggering responses.
(Image of a motor neuron)
**Reason:** Motor neurons play a crucial role in movement, reflexes, and
control of bodily functions.

8. **Assertion:** The spinal cord serves as a relay center for reflexes and
transmits information between the brain and the body. (Image of the
spinal cord)
**Reason:** Reflexes involve rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli without
conscious control, mediated by the spinal cord.

9. **Assertion:** The brain is the central processing unit of the nervous

system, integrating information, coordinating functions, and generating
thoughts and behaviors. (Image of the brain)
**Reason:** Different brain regions are specialized for various functions, like
motor control, sensory processing, memory, and emotions.

10.**Assertion:** The five senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing)
rely on specialized sensory organs and neural pathways to perceive the
world around us. (Image of the five senses)
**Reason:** Each sense involves unique receptor cells, sensory neurons, and
brain regions dedicated to processing and interpreting the incoming
information.