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 George Bebis · Richard Boyle · Bahram Parvin
Darko Koracin · Fatih Porikli · Sandra Skaff
Alireza Entezari · Jianyuan Min · Daisuke Iwai
Amela Sadagic · Carlos Scheidegger
Tobias Isenberg (Eds.)
LNCS 10073

Advances in
Visual Computing
12th International Symposium, ISVC 2016
Las Vegas, NV, USA, December 12–14, 2016
Proceedings, Part II

123
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10073
Commenced Publication in 1973
Founding and Former Series Editors:
Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board
David Hutchison
Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Takeo Kanade
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Josef Kittler
University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Jon M. Kleinberg
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Friedemann Mattern
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
John C. Mitchell
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Moni Naor
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
C. Pandu Rangan
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Demetri Terzopoulos
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Doug Tygar
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Gerhard Weikum
Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7412
George Bebis Richard Boyle
•

Bahram Parvin Darko Koracin

•

Fatih Porikli Sandra Skaff

•

Alireza Entezari Jianyuan Min

•

Daisuke Iwai Amela Sadagic

•

Carlos Scheidegger Tobias Isenberg (Eds.)

•

Advances in
Visual Computing
12th International Symposium, ISVC 2016
Las Vegas, NV, USA, December 12–14, 2016
Proceedings, Part II

123
Editors
George Bebis Alireza Entezari
University of Nevada University of Florida
Reno, NV Gainesville, FL
USA USA
Richard Boyle Jianyuan Min
NASA Ames Research Center Google Inc.
Moffett Field, CA Mountain View, CA
USA USA
Bahram Parvin Daisuke Iwai
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Osaka University
Berkeley, CA Osaka
USA Japan
Darko Koracin Amela Sadagic
Desert Research Institute The MOVES Institute
Reno, NV Monterey, CA
USA USA
Fatih Porikli Carlos Scheidegger
The Australian National University University of Arizona
O’Malley, ACT Tucson, AZ
Australia USA
Sandra Skaff Tobias Isenberg
Pilot AI Labs Université Paris-Sud
Redwood City, CA Orsay
USA France

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
ISBN 978-3-319-50831-3 ISBN 978-3-319-50832-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-50832-0

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016959639

LNCS Sublibrary: SL6 – Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, and Graphics

© Springer International Publishing AG 2016

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
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 Preface

It is with great pleasure that we welcome you to the proceedings of the 12th Inter-
national Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC 2016), which was held in Las Vegas,
Nevada, USA. ISVC provides a common umbrella for the four main areas of visual
computing including vision, graphics, visualization, and virtual reality. The goal is to
provide a forum for researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners throughout the
world to present their latest research findings, ideas, developments, and applications in
the broader area of visual computing.
This year, the program consisted of 15 oral sessions, one poster session, five special
tracks, and six keynote presentations. The response to the call for papers was very
good; we received over 220 submissions for the main symposium from which we
accepted 80 papers for oral presentation and 34 papers for poster presentation. Special
track papers were solicited separately through the Organizing and Program Committees
of each track. A total of 25 papers were accepted for oral presentation in the special
tracks.
All papers were reviewed with an emphasis on the potential to contribute to the state
of the art in the field. Selection criteria included accuracy and originality of ideas,
clarity and significance of results, and presentation quality. The review process was
quite rigorous, involving two to three independent blind reviews followed by several
days of discussion. During the discussion period we tried to correct anomalies and
errors that might have existed in the initial reviews. Despite our efforts, we recognize
that some papers worthy of inclusion may have not been included in the program. We
offer our sincere apologies to authors whose contributions might have been overlooked.
We wish to thank everybody who submitted their work to ISVC 2016 for review.
It was because of their contributions that we succeeded in having a technical program
of high scientific quality. In particular, we would like to thank the ISVC 2016 area
chairs, the organizing institutions (UNR, DRI, LBNL, and NASA Ames), the industrial
sponsors (BAE Systems, Intel, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Electric Research
Labs, Toyota, General Electric), the international Program Committee, the special track
organizers and their Program Committees, the keynote speakers, the reviewers, and
especially the authors who contributed their work to the symposium. In particular, we
would like to express our appreciation to MERL and Dr. Alan Sullivan for sponsoring
the best paper award this year.
VI Preface

We sincerely hope that ISVC 2016 offered participants opportunities for profes-
sional growth.

October 2016 George Bebis

Richard Boyle
Bahram Parvin
Darko Koracin
Fatih Porikli
Sandra Skaff
Alireza Entezari
Jianyuan Min
Daisuke Iwai
Amela Sadagic
Carlos Scheidegger
Tobias Isenberg
 Organization

Steering Committee
Bebis George University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Boyle Richard NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Parvin Bahram Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
Koracin Darko Desert Research Institute, USA

Area Chairs
Computer Vision
Porikli Fatih Australian National University, Australia
Skaff Sandra Pilot AI Labs, USA

Computer Graphics
Entezari Alireza University of Florida, USA
Min Jianyuan Google, USA

Virtual Reality
Iwai Daisuke Osaka University, Japan
Sadagic Amela Naval Postgraduate School, USA

Visualization
Scheidegger Carlos University of Arizona, USA
Isenberg Tobias Inria, France

Publicity
Erol Ali Eksperta Software, Turkey

Local Arrangements
Morris Brendan University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA

Special Tracks
Wang Junxian Microsoft, USA
VIII Organization

Keynote Speakers
James Regh Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Kristen Grauman University of Texas at Austin, USA
James Klosowski AT&T Research Labs, USA
Mubarak Shah University of Central Florida, USA
Theisel Holger University of Magdeburg, Germany
Daniel Keefe University of Minnesota, USA

International Program Committee

(Area 1) Computer Vision
Abidi Besma University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA
Abou-Nasr Mahmoud Ford Motor Company, USA
Aboutajdine Driss National Center for Scientific and Technical Research,
Morocco
Aggarwal J.K. University of Texas, Austin, USA
Albu Branzan Alexandra University of Victoria, Canada
Amayeh Gholamreza Foveon, USA
Ambardekar Amol Microsoft, USA
Angelopoulou Elli University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
Agouris Peggy George Mason University, USA
Argyros Antonis University of Crete, Greece
Asari Vijayan University of Dayton, USA
Athitsos Vassilis University of Texas at Arlington, USA
Basu Anup University of Alberta, Canada
Bekris Kostas Rutgers University, USA
Bhatia Sanjiv University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA
Bimber Oliver Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
Bourbakis Nikolaos Wright State University, USA
Brimkov Valentin State University of New York, USA
Cavallaro Andrea Queen Mary, University of London, UK
Charalampidis Dimitrios University of New Orleans, USA
Chatzis Sotirios Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
Chellappa Rama University of Maryland, USA
Chen Yang HRL Laboratories, USA
Cheng Hui Sarnoff Corporation, USA
Cheng Shinko HRL Labs, USA
Cui Jinshi Peking University, China
Dagher Issam University of Balamand, Lebanon
Darbon Jerome CNRS-Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, France
Demirdjian David Vecna Robotics, USA
Desai Alok Brigham Young University, USA
Diamantas Sotirios Athens Information Technology, Greece
Duan Ye University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
 Organization IX

Doulamis Anastasios Technical University of Crete, Greece

Dowdall Jonathan Google, USA
El-Ansari Mohamed Ibn Zohr University, Morocco
El-Gammal Ahmed University of New Jersey, USA
El Choubassi Maha, Intel, USA
Eng How Lung Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
Erol Ali Eksperta Software, Turkey
Fan Guoliang Oklahoma State University, USA
Fan Jialue Northwestern University, USA
Ferri Francesc Universitat de València, Spain
Ferzli Rony Intel, USA
Ferryman James University of Reading, UK
Foresti GianLuca University of Udine, Italy
Fowlkes Charless University of California, Irvine, USA
Fukui Kazuhiro University of Tsukuba, Japan
Galata Aphrodite The University of Manchester, UK
Georgescu Bogdan Siemens, USA
Goh Wooi-Boon Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Ghouzali Sanna King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Guerra-Filho Gutemberg Intel, USA
Guevara Angel Miguel University of Porto, Portugal
Gustafson David Kansas State University, USA
Hammoud Riad BAE Systems, USA
Harville Michael Hewlett Packard Labs, USA
He Xiangjian University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
Heikkilä Janne University of Oulu, Finland
Hongbin Zha Peking University, China
Hou Zujun Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
Hua Gang IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA
Hua Gang Stevens Institute, USA
Imiya Atsushi Chiba University, Japan
Kamberov George University of Alaska, USA
Kambhamettu Chandra University of Delaware, USA
Kamberova Gerda Hofstra University, USA
Kakadiaris Ioannis University of Houston, USA
Kettebekov Sanzhar Keane Inc., USA
Kimia Benjamin Brown University, USA
Kisacanin Branislav Texas Instruments, USA
Klette Reinhard Auckland University of Technology, New Zeland
Kollias Stefanos National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Komodakis Nikos Ecole Centrale de Paris, France
Kosmopoulos Dimitrios University of Patras, Greece
Kozintsev Igor Intel, USA
Kuno Yoshinori Saitama University, Japan
Kim Kyungnam HRL Laboratories, USA
Latecki Longin Jan Temple University, USA
X Organization

Lee D.J. Brigham Young University, USA

Levine Martin McGill University, Canada
Li Baoxin Arizona State University, USA
Li Chunming Vanderbilt University, USA
Li Xiaowei Google Inc., USA
Lim Ser N. GE Research, USA
Lisin Dima VidoeIQ, USA
Lee Seong-Whan Korea University, Korea
Li Shuo GE Healthcare, Canada
Lourakis Manolis ICS-FORTH, Greece
Loss Leandro Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA
Luo Gang Harvard University, USA
Ma Yunqian Honyewell Labs, USA
Maeder Anthony Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Makrogiannis Sokratis Delaware State University, USA
Maltoni Davide University of Bologna, Italy
Maybank Steve Birkbeck College, UK
Medioni Gerard University of Southern California, USA
Melenchón Javier Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain
Metaxas Dimitris Rutgers University, USA
Ming Wei Konica Minolta Laboratory, USA
Mirmehdi Majid Bristol University, UK
Morris Brendan University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Mueller Klaus Stony Brook University, USA
Muhammad Ghulam King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Mulligan Jeff NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Murray Don Point Grey Research, Canada
Nait-Charif Hammadi Bournemouth University, UK
Nefian Ara NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Nguyen Quang Vinh University of Western Sydney, Australia
Nicolescu Mircea University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Nixon Mark University of Southampton, UK
Nolle Lars The Nottingham Trent University, UK
Ntalianis Klimis National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Or Siu Hang The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
SAR China
Papadourakis George Technological Education Institute, Greece
Papanikolopoulos University of Minnesota, USA
Nikolaos
Pati Peeta Basa CoreLogic, India
Patras Ioannis Queen Mary University, London, UK
Pavlidis Ioannis University of Houston, USA
Payandeh Shahram Simon Fraser University, Canada
Petrakis Euripides Technical University of Crete, Greece
Peyronnet Sylvain LRI, University Paris-Sud, France
Pinhanez Claudio IBM Research, Brazil
 Organization XI

Piccardi Massimo University of Technology, Australia

Pitas Ioannis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Porikli Fatih Australian National University, Australia
Prabhakar Salil DigitalPersona Inc., USA
Prokhorov Danil Toyota Research Institute, USA
Qian Gang Arizona State University, USA
Raftopoulos Kostas National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Regentova Emma University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Remagnino Paolo Kingston University, UK
Ribeiro Eraldo Florida Institute of Technology, USA
Robles-Kelly Antonio National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australia
Ross Arun Michigan State University, USA
Rziza Mohammed Agdal Mohammed-V University, Morocco
Samal Ashok University of Nebraska, USA
Samir Tamer Allegion, USA
Sandberg Kristian Computational Solutions, USA
Sarti Augusto DEI Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Santhanam Anand University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Savakis Andreas Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Schaefer Gerald Loughborough University, UK
Scalzo Fabien University of California at Los Angeles, USA
Scharcanski Jacob UFRGS, Brazil
Shah Mubarak University of Central Florida, USA
Shehata Mohamed Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
Shi Pengcheng Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Shimada Nobutaka Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Singh Rahul San Francisco State University, USA
Skodras Athanassios University of Patras, Greece
Skurikhin Alexei Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Souvenir Richard University of North Carolina - Charlotte, USA
Su Chung-Yen National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
Sugihara Kokichi University of Tokyo, Japan
Sun Chuan University of Central Florida, USA
Sun Zehang Apple, USA
Suryanarayan Poonam Google, USA
Syeda-Mahmood IBM Almaden, USA
Tanveer
Tafti Ahmad Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, USA
Tan Kar Han Hewlett Packard, USA
Tavakkoli Alireza University of Houston - Victoria, USA
Tavares Joao Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Teoh Eam Khwang Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Thiran Jean-Philippe Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL),
Switzerland
Tistarelli Massimo University of Sassari, Italy
Tong Yan University of South Carolina, USA
XII Organization

Tsui T.J. Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,

SAR China
Trucco Emanuele University of Dundee, UK
Tubaro Stefano DEIB Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Uhl Andreas Salzburg University, Austria
Velastin Sergio Kingston University London, UK
Veropoulos Kostantinos GE Healthcare, Greece
Verri Alessandro Università di Genova, Italy
Wang Junxian Microsoft, USA
Wang Song University of South Carolina, USA
Wang Yunhong Beihang University, China
Webster Michael University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Wolff Larry Equinox Corporation, USA
Wong Kenneth The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
Xiang Tao Queen Mary, University of London, UK
Xu Meihe University of California at Los Angeles, USA
Yang Ming-Hsuan University of California at Merced, USA
Yang Ruigang University of Kentucky, USA
Yin Lijun SUNY at Binghampton, USA
Yu Ting GE Global Research, USA
Yu Zeyun University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
Yuan Chunrong Technische Hochschule Köln, Germany
Zabulis Xenophon ICS-FORTH, Greece
Zervakis Michalis Technical University of Crete, Greece
Zhang Dong University of Central Florida, USA
Zhang Jian Wake Forest University, USA
Zheng Yuanjie University of Pennsylvania, USA
Zhang Yan Delphi Corporation, USA
Ziou Djemel University of Sherbrooke, Canada

(Area 2) Computer Graphics

Abd Rahni Mt Piah Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Abram Greg Texas Advanced Computing Center, USA
Adamo-Villani Nicoletta Purdue University, USA
Agu Emmanuel Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
Andres Eric Laboratory XLIM-SIC, University of Poitiers, France
Artusi Alessandro GiLab, Universitat de Girona, Spain
Baciu George Hong Kong PolyU, Hong Kong, SAR China
Balcisoy Selim Saffet Sabanci University, Turkey
Barneva Reneta State University of New York, USA
Belyaev Alexander Heriot-Watt University, UK
Benes Bedrich Purdue University, USA
Bilalis Nicholas Technical University of Crete, Greece
Bimber Oliver Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
Bouatouch Kadi University of Rennes I, IRISA, France
 Organization XIII

Brimkov Valentin State University of New York, USA

Brown Ross Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Bruckner Stefan Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Callahan Steven University of Utah, USA
Capin Tolga Bilkent University, Turkey
Carlson Mark NVIDIA, USA
Chaudhuri Parag Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
Chen Zhonggui Xiamen University, China
Cheng Irene University of Alberta, Canada
Chiang Yi-Jen New York University, USA
Choi Min-Hyung University of Colorado at Denver, USA
Comba Joao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Cremer Jim University of Iowa, USA
Culbertson Bruce HP Labs, USA
Dana Kristin Rutgers University, USA
Debattista Kurt University of Warwick, UK
Deng Zhigang University of Houston, USA
Dick Christian Technical University of Munich, Germany
Dingliana John Trinity College, Ireland
El-Sana Jihad Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
Entezari Alireza University of Florida, USA
Fabian Nathan Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Fuhrmann Anton VRVis Research Center, Austria
Gaither Kelly University of Texas at Austin, USA
Gao Chunyu Epson Research and Development, USA
Geist Robert Clemson University, USA
Gelb Dan Hewlett Packard Labs, USA
Gotz David University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Gooch Amy University of Victoria, Canada
Gu David Stony Brook University, USA
Guerra-Filho Gutemberg Intel, USA
Habib Zulfiqar COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore,
Pakistan
Hadwiger Markus KAUST, Saudi Arabia
Haller Michael Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Austria
Hamza-Lup Felix Armstrong Atlantic State University, USA
Han JungHyun Korea University, Korea
Hand Randall MagicLeap, USA
Hao Xuejun Columbia University and NYSPI, USA
Hernandez Jose Tiberio Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
Huang Jian University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA
Huang Mao Lin University of Technology, Australia
Huang Zhiyong Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
Hussain Muhammad King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Jeschke Stefan IST Austria, Austria
Jones Michael Brigham Young University, USA
XIV Organization

Julier Simon J. University College London, UK

Kamberov George Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Klosowski James AT&T Research Labs, USA
Ko Hyeong-Seok Seoul National University, Korea
Lai Shuhua Virginia State University, USA
Le Binh Disney Research Pittsburgh, USA
Lewis R. Robert Washington State University, USA
Li Bo Samsung, USA
Li Frederick University of Durham, UK
Li Xin Louisiana State University, USA
Lindstrom Peter Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Linsen Lars Jacobs University, Germany
Liu Feng Portland State University, USA
Loviscach Joern Fachhochschule Bielefeld (University of Applied
Sciences), Germany
Magnor Marcus TU Braunschweig, Germany
McGraw Tim Purdue University, USA
Min Jianyuan Google, USA
Meenakshisundaram University of California-Irvine, USA
Gopi
Mendoza Cesar NaturalMotion Ltd., USA
Metaxas Dimitris Rutgers University, USA
Mudur Sudhir Concordia University, Canada
Musuvathy Suraj Siemens, USA
Nait-Charif Hammadi University of Dundee, UK
Nasri Ahmad American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Noh Junyong KAIST, Korea
Noma Tsukasa Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Okada Yoshihiro Kyushu University, Japan
Olague Gustavo CICESE Research Center, Mexico
Oliveira Manuel M. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Owen Charles Michigan State University, USA
Ostromoukhov University of Montreal, Canada
Victor M.
Pascucci Valerio University of Utah, USA
Patchett John Los Alamons National Lab, USA
Peters Jorg University of Florida, USA
Pronost Nicolas Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Qin Hong Stony Brook University, USA
Rautek Peter Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Razdan Anshuman Arizona State University, USA
Rosen Paul University of Utah, USA
Rosenbaum Rene University of California at Davis, USA
Rudomin Isaac Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Spain
Rushmeier Holly Yale University, USA
Saha Punam University of Iowa, USA
 Organization XV

Sander Pedro The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,

Hong Kong, SAR China
Sapidis Nickolas University of Western Macedonia, Greece
Sarfraz Muhammad Kuwait University, Kuwait
Scateni Riccardo University of Cagliari, Italy
Sequin Carlo University of California-Berkeley, USA
Shead Timothy Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Stamminger Marc University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
Su Wen-Poh Griffith University, Australia
Szumilas Lech Research Institute for Automation and Measurements,
Poland
Tan Kar Han Hewlett Packard, USA
Tarini Marco University dell’Insubria (Varese), Italy
Teschner Matthias University of Freiburg, Germany
Tong Yiying Michigan State University, USA
Umlauf Georg HTWG Constance, Germany
Vanegas Carlos University of California at Berkeley, USA
Wald Ingo University of Utah, USA
Walter Marcelo UFRGS, Brazil
Wimmer Michael Technical University of Vienna, Austria
Wylie Brian Sandia National Laboratory, USA
Wyman Chris University of Calgary, Canada
Wyvill Brian University of Iowa, USA
Yang Qing-Xiong University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, USA
Yang Ruigang University of Kentucky, USA
Ye Duan University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
Yi Beifang Salem State University, USA
Yin Lijun Binghamton University, USA
Yoo Terry National Institutes of Health, USA
Yuan Xiaoru Peking University, China
Zhang Jian Jun Bournemouth University, UK
Zeng Jianmin Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Zara Jiri Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Zeng Wei Florida Institute of Technology, USA
Zordan Victor University of California at Riverside, USA

(Area 3) Virtual Reality

Alcaniz Mariano Technical University of Valencia, Spain
Arns Laura Purdue University, USA
Bacim Felipe Virginia Tech, USA
Balcisoy Selim Sabanci University, Turkey
Behringer Reinhold Leeds Metropolitan University UK
Benes Bedrich Purdue University, USA
Bilalis Nicholas Technical University of Crete, Greece
Blach Roland Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering, Germany
XVI Organization

Blom Kristopher University of Barcelona, Spain

Bogdanovych Anton University of Western Sydney, Australia
Brady Rachael Duke University, USA
Brega Jose Remo Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
Ferreira
Brown Ross Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Bues Matthias Fraunhofer IAO in Stuttgart, Germany
Capin Tolga Bilkent University, Turkey
Chen Jian Brown University, USA
Cooper Matthew University of Linköping, Sweden
Coquillart Sabine Inria, France
Craig Alan NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Cremer Jim University of Iowa, USA
Edmunds Timothy University of British Columbia, Canada
Encarnaio L. Miguel ACT Inc., USA
Friedman Doron IDC, Israel
Fuhrmann Anton VRVis Research Center, Austria
Gregory Michelle Pacific Northwest National Lab, USA
Gupta Satyandra K. University of Maryland, USA
Haller Michael FH Hagenberg, Austria
Hamza-Lup Felix Armstrong Atlantic State University, USA
Herbelin Bruno EPFL, Switzerland
Hinkenjann Andre Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences,
Germany
Hollerer Tobias University of California at Santa Barbara, USA
Huang Jian University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA
Huang Zhiyong Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Singapore
Jerald Jason NextGen Interactions, USA
Julier Simon J. University College London, UK
Johnsen Kyle University of Georgia, USA
Jones Adam Clemson University, USA
Kiyokawa Kiyoshi Osaka University, Japan
Kohli Luv InnerOptic, USA
Kopper Regis Duke University, USA
Kozintsev Igor Samsung, USA
Kuhlen Torsten RWTH Aachen University, Germany
Laha Bireswar Stanford University, USA
Lee Cha University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Liere Robert van CWI, The Netherlands
Livingston A. Mark Naval Research Laboratory, USA
Luo Xun Qualcomm Research, USA
Malzbender Tom Hewlett Packard Labs, USA
MacDonald Brendan National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
USA
Molineros Jose Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, USA
Muller Stefan University of Koblenz, Germany
 Organization XVII

Owen Charles Michigan State University, USA

Paelke Volker Bremen University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Peli Eli Harvard University, USA
Pettifer Steve The University of Manchester, UK
Pronost Nicolas Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Pugmire Dave Los Alamos National Lab, USA
Qian Gang Arizona State University, USA
Rodello Ildeberto University of San Paulo, Brazil
Sapidis Nickolas University of Western Macedonia, Greece
Schulze Jurgen University of California - San Diego, USA
Sherman Bill Indiana University, USA
Singh Gurjot Virginia Tech, USA
Slavik Pavel Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Steinicke Frank University of Wurzburg, Germany
Suma Evan University of Southern California, USA
Stamminger Marc University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
Srikanth Manohar Indian Institute of Science, India
Wald Ingo University of Utah, USA
Wernert Eric Indiana University, USA
Whitted Turner TWI Research, UK
Wong Kin Hong The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
SAR China
Yu Ka Chun Denver Museum of Nature and Science, USA
Yuan Chunrong Technische Hochschule Köln, Germany
Zachmann Gabriel Clausthal University, Germany
Zara Jiri Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech
Zhang Hui Indiana University, USA
Zhao Ye Kent State University, USA

(Area 4) Visualization
Andrienko Gennady Fraunhofer Institute IAIS, Germany
Apperley Mark University of Waikato, New Zealand
Brady Rachael Duke University, USA
Benes Bedrich Purdue University, USA
Bilalis Nicholas Technical University of Crete, Greece
Bonneau Georges-Pierre Grenoble University, France
Bruckner Stefan Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Brown Ross Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Bihler Katja VRVis Research Center, Austria
Burch Michael University of Stuttgart, Germany
Callahan Steven University of Utah, USA
Chatzis Sotirios Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
Chen Jian Brown University, USA
Chiang Yi-Jen New York University, USA
Cooper Matthew University of Linköping, Sweden
XVIII Organization

Chourasia Amit University of California - San Diego, USA

Daniels Joel University of Utah, USA
Dick Christian Technical University of Munich, Germany
Duan Ye University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
Dwyer Tim Monash University, Australia
Entezari Alireza University of Florida, USA
Ferreira Nivan University of Arizona, USA
Frey Steffen University of Stuttgart, Germany
Geist Robert Clemson University, USA
Gotz David University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Grinstein Georges University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA
Goebel Randy University of Alberta, Canada
Gregory Michelle Pacific Northwest National Lab, USA
Hadwiger Helmut KAUST, Saudi Arabia
Markus
Hagen Hans Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
Hamza-Lup Felix Armstrong Atlantic State University, USA
Hochheiser Harry University of Pittsburgh, USA
Hollerer Tobias University of California at Santa Barbara, USA
Hong Lichan University of Sydney, Australia
Hong Seokhee Palo Alto Research Center, USA
Hotz Ingrid Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany
Huang Zhiyong Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Singapore
Jiang Ming Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Joshi Alark University of San Francisco, USA
Julier Simon J. University College London, UK
Klosowski James AT&T Labs, USA
Koch Steffen University of Stuttgart, Germany
Laramee Robert Swansea University, UK
Lewis R. Robert Washington State University, USA
Liere Robert van CWI, The Netherlands
Lim Ik Soo Bangor University, UK
Linsen Lars Jacobs University, Germany
Liu Zhanping Old Dominion University, USA
Maeder Anthony Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Malpica Jose Alcala University, Spain
Masutani Yoshitaka Hiroshima City University, Japan
Matkovic Kresimir VRVis Research Center, Austria
McCaffrey James Microsoft Research/Volt VTE, USA
Melancon Guy CNRS UMR 5800 LaBRI and Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest,
France
Miksch Silvia Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Monroe Laura Los Alamos National Labs, USA
Morie Jacki University of Southern California, USA
Moreland Kenneth Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Mudur Sudhir Concordia University, Canada
 Organization XIX

Museth Ken Linköping University, Sweden

Paelke Volker Bremen University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Papka Michael Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Payandeh Shahram Simon Fraser University, Canada
Peikert Ronald Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
Pettifer Steve The University of Manchester, UK
Pugmire Dave Los Alamos National Lab, USA
Rabin Robert University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA
Razdan Anshuman Arizona State University, USA
Reina Guido University of Stuttgart, Germany
Rhyne Theresa-Marie North Carolina State University, USA
Rosenbaum Rene University of California at Davis, USA
Sadlo Filip Heidelberg University, Germany
Scheuermann Gerik University of Leipzig, Germany
Shead Timothy Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Sips Mike Stanford University, USA
Slavik Pavel Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Thakur Sidharth Intel, USA
Theisel Holger University of Magdeburg, Germany
Thiele Olaf University of Mannheim, Germany
Umlauf Georg HTWG Constance, Germany
Viegas Fernanda IBM, USA
Wald Ingo University of Utah, USA
Wan Ming Boeing Phantom Works, USA
Weiskopf Daniel University of Stuttgart, Germany
Wernert Eric Indiana University, USA
Wischgoll Thomas Wright State University, USA
Wongsuphasawat Krist Twitter Inc, USA
Wylie Brian Sandia National Laboratory, USA
Wu Yin Indiana University, USA
Xu Wei Brookhaven National Lab, USA
Xu Weijia University of Texas at Austin, USA
Yeasin Mohammed Memphis University, USA
Yi Hong University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Yuan Xiaoru Peking University, China
Zachmann Gabriel Clausthal University, Germany
Zhang Hui Indiana University, USA
Zhao Ye Kent State University, USA
Zheng Ziyi Stony Brook University, USA
Zhukov Leonid Caltech, USA
XX Organization

Special Tracks
1. Computational Bioimaging Organizers
Tavares João University of Porto, Portugal
Manuel R.S.
Natal Jorge Renato University of Porto, Portugal

2. 3D Surface Reconstruction, Mapping, and Visualization Organizers

Nefian Ara Carnegie Mellon University/NASA Ames
Research Center, USA
Edwards Laurence NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Huertas Andres NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, USA

3. Advancing Autonomy for Aerial Robotics Organizers

Alexis Kostas University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Chli Margarita University of Edinburgh, UK
Garcia Carrillo University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Rodolfo Luis
Nikolakopoulos George Lulea University of Technology, Sweden
Oettershagen Philipp ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Oh Paul University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Papachristos Christos University of Nevada, Reno, USA

4. Computer Vision as a Service Organizers

Yu Zeyun University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
Arabnia Hamid University of Georgia, USA
He Max Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, USA
Muller Henning University of Applied Sciences Western, Switzerland
Tafti Ahmad Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, USA

5. Visual Perception and Robotic Systems Organizers

La Hung University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Sheng Weihua Oklahoma State University, USA
Fan Guoliang Oklahoma State University, USA
Kuno Yoshinori Saitama University, Japan
Ha Quang University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Zhang Hao Colorado School of Mines, USA
Horn Joachim Helmut Schmidt University, Germany
 Organization XXI

Organizing Institutions and Sponsors

 Contents – Part II

Applications

A Sparse Representation Based Classification Algorithm for Chinese

Food Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Haixiang Yang, Dong Zhang, Dah-Jye Lee, and Minjie Huang

Guided Text Spotting for Assistive Blind Navigation in Unfamiliar Indoor

Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Xuejian Rong, Bing Li, J. Pablo Muñoz, Jizhong Xiao, Aries Arditi,
and Yingli Tian

Automatic Oil Reserve Analysis Through the Shadows of Exterior Floating

Crest Oil Tanks in Highlight Optical Satellite Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Qingquan Wang, Jinfang Zhang, and Xiaohui Hu

Performance Evaluation of Video Summaries Using Efficient Image

Euclidean Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Sivapriyaa Kannappan, Yonghuai Liu, and Bernard Paul Tiddeman

RDEPS: A Combined Reaction-Diffusion Equation and Photometric

Similarity Filter for Optical Image Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Xueqing Zhao, Pavlos Mavridis, Tobias Schreck, and Arjan Kuijper

Leveraging Multi-modal Analyses and Online Knowledge Base

for Video Aboutness Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Raj Kumar Gupta and Yang Yinping

A Flood Detection and Warning System Based on Video

Content Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Martin Joshua P. San Miguel and Conrado R. Ruiz Jr.

Efficient CU Splitting Method for HEVC Intra Coding Based

on Visual Saliency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Xin Zhou, Guangming Shi, and Wei Zhou

Video Anomaly Detection Based on Adaptive Multiple Auto-Encoders . . . . . 83

Tianlong Bao, Chunhui Ding, Saleem Karmoshi, and Ming Zhu

Comprehensive Parameter Sweep for Learning-Based Detector on Traffic

Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Morten B. Jensen, Mark P. Philipsen, Thomas B. Moeslund,
and Mohan Trivedi
XXIV Contents – Part II

An Efficient Pedestrian Detector Based on Saliency and HOG Features

Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Mounir Errami and Mohammed Rziza

Visual Surveillance

Preventing Drowning Accidents Using Thermal Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Soren Bonderup, Jonas Olsson, Morten Bonderup,
and Thomas B. Moeslund

Maximum Correntropy Based Dictionary Learning Framework for Physical

Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Sherin M. Mathews, Chandra Kambhamettu, and Kenneth E. Barner

3D Human Activity Recognition Using Skeletal Data

from RGBD Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Jiaxu Ling, Lihua Tian, and Chen Li

Unsupervised Deep Networks for Temporal Localization of Human Actions

in Streaming Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Binu M. Nair

A New Method for Fall Detection of Elderly Based on Human Shape and
Motion Variation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Abderrazak Iazzi, Mohammed Rziza, Rachid Oulad Haj Thami,
and Driss Aboutajdine

Motion of Oriented Magnitudes Patterns for Human Action Recognition . . . . 168

Hai-Hong Phan, Ngoc-Son Vu, Vu-Lam Nguyen, and Mathias Quoy

Computer Graphics

Adaptive Video Transition Detection Based on Multiscale Structural

Dissimilarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Anderson Carlos Sousa e Santos and Helio Pedrini

Fast and Accurate 3D Reconstruction of Dental Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Seongje Jang, Yonghee Hahm, and Kunwoo Lee

A Portable and Unified CPU/GPU Parallel Implementation of Surface

Normal Generation Algorithm from 3D Terrain Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Brandon Wilson, Robert Deen, and Alireza Tavakkoli

Character Animation: An Automated Gait Cycle for 3D Characters

Using Mathematical Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Mary Guindy and Rimon Elias
 Contents – Part II XXV

Realistic 3D Modeling of the Liver from MRI Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Andrew Conegliano and Jürgen P. Schulze

Virtual Reality

An Integrated Cyber-Physical Immersive Virtual Reality Framework

with Applications to Telerobotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Matthew Bounds, Brandon Wilson, Alireza Tavakkoli,
and Donald Loffredo

Teacher-Student VR Telepresence with Networked Depth Camera Mesh

and Heterogeneous Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Sam Ekong, Christoph W. Borst, Jason Woodworth,
and Terrence L. Chambers

Virtual Reality Integration with Force Feedback in Upper Limb

Rehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Víctor H. Andaluz, Pablo J. Salazar, Miguel Escudero V.,
Carlos Bustamante D., Marcelo Silva S., Washington Quevedo,
Jorge S. Sánchez, Edison G. Espinosa, and David Rivas

Joint Keystone Correction and Shake Removal for a Hand Held Projector . . . 269
Manevarthe Bhargava and Kalpati Ramakrishnan

Poster Session

Global Evolution-Constructed Feature for Date Maturity Evaluation . . . . . . . 281

Meng Zhang and Dah-Jye Lee

An Image Dataset of Text Patches in Everyday Scenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Ahmed Ibrahim, A. Lynn Abbott, and Mohamed E. Hussein

Pre-processing of Video Streams for Extracting Queryable Representation

of Its Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Manish Annappa, Sharma Chakravarthy, and Vassilis Athitsos

Physiological Features of the Internal Jugular Vein from B-Mode

Ultrasound Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Jordan P. Smith, Mohamed Shehata, Ramsey G. Powell,
Peter F. McGuire, and Andrew J. Smith

Manifold Interpolation for an Efficient Hand Shape Recognition

in the Irish Sign Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Marlon Oliveira, Alistair Sutherland, and Mohamed Farouk

Leaf Classification Using Convexity Moments of Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

J.R. Kala, S. Viriri, and D. Moodley
XXVI Contents – Part II

Semi-automated Extraction of Retinal Blood Vessel Network

with Bifurcation and Crossover Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Z. Nougrara, N. Kihal, and J. Meunier

SINN: Shepard Interpolation Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Phillip Williams

View-Based 3D Objects Recognition with Expectation Propagation

Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Adrien Bertrand, Faisal R. Al-Osaimi, and Nizar Bouguila

Age Estimation by LS-SVM Regression on Facial Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Shreyank N. Gowda

Video Cut Detector via Adaptive Features using the Frobenius Norm . . . . . . 380
Youssef Bendraou, Fedwa Essannouni, Ahmed Salam,
and Driss Aboutajdine

Practical Hand Skeleton Estimation Method Based on Monocular Camera . . . 390

Sujung Bae, Jaehyeon Yoo, Moonsik Jeong, and Vladimir Savin

A Nonparametric Hierarchical Bayesian Model and Its Application

on Multimodal Person Identity Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Wentao Fan and Nizar Bouguila

Performance Evaluation of 3D Keypoints and Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Zizui Chen, Stephen Czarnuch, Andrew Smith, and Mohamed Shehata

Features of Internal Jugular Vein Contours for Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Jordan P. Smith, Mohamed Shehata, Peter F. McGuire,
and Andrew J. Smith

Gathering Event Detection by Stereo Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Qian Wang, Wei Jin, and Gang Wang

Abnormal Detection by Iterative Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Kenta Toyoda and Kazuhiro Hotta

An Integrated Octree-RANSAC Technique for Automated LiDAR Building

Data Segmentation for Decorative Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Fatemeh Hamid-Lakzaeian and Debra F. Laefer

Optimization-Based Multi-view Head Pose Estimation for Driver Behavior

Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Huaixin Xiong

Reduction of Missing Wedge Artifact in Oblique-View Computed

Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Kyung-Chan Jin, Jung-Seok Yoon, and Yoon-Ho Song
 Contents – Part II XXVII

Using Dense 3D Reconstruction for Visual Odometry Based on Structure

from Motion Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Marcelo de Mattos Nascimento, Manuel Eduardo Loaiza Fernandez,
and Alberto Barbosa Raposo

Towards Estimating Heart Rates from Video Under Low Light. . . . . . . . . . . 494
Antony Lam and Yoshinori Kuno

Video Tracking with Probabilistic Cooccurrence Feature Extraction. . . . . . . . 504

Kaleb Smith and Anthony O. Smith

3-D Shape Recovery from Image Focus Using Rank Transform . . . . . . . . . . 514
Fahad Mahmood, Jawad Mahmood, Waqar Shahid Qureshi,
and Umar Shahbaz Khan

Combinatorial Optimization for Human Body Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Andrew Hynes and Stephen Czarnuch

Automatic Detection of Deviations in Human Movements Using HMM:

Discrete vs Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Carlos Palma, Augusto Salazar, and Francisco Vargas

Quantitative Performance Optimisation for Corner and Edge Based Robotic

Vision Systems: A Monte-Carlo Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
Jingduo Tian, Neil Thacker, and Alexandru Stancu

Evaluating the Change of Directional Patterns for Fingerprints with Missing

Singular Points Under Rotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Kribashnee Dorasamy, Leandra Webb-Ray,
and Jules-Raymond Tapamo

Particle Detection in Crowd Regions Using Cumulative Score of CNN . . . . . 566

Kenshiro Nishida and Kazuhiro Hotta

Preliminary Studies on Personalized Preference Prediction from Gaze

in Comparing Visualizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Hamed R.-Tavakoli, Hanieh Poostchi, Jaakko Peltonen,
Jorma Laaksonen, and Samuel Kaski

Simulating a Predator Fish Attacking a School of Prey Fish

in 3D Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Sahithi Podila and Ying Zhu

Direct Visual-Inertial Odometry and Mapping for Unmanned Vehicle . . . . . . 595

Wenju Xu and Dongkyu Choi

Real-Time Automated Aerial Refueling Using Stereo Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

Christopher Parsons and Scott Nykl
XXVIII Contents – Part II

Signature Embedding: Writer Independent Offline Signature Verification

with Deep Metric Learning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
Hannes Rantzsch, Haojin Yang, and Christoph Meinel

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

 Contents – Part I

ST: Computational Bioimaging

Similarity Metric Learning for 2D to 3D Registration of Brain

Vasculature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Alice Tang and Fabien Scalzo

Automatic Optic Disk Segmentation in Presence of Disk Blurring . . . . . . . . . 13

Samra Irshad, Xiaoxia Yin, Lucy Qing Li, and Umer Salman

An Object Splitting Model Using Higher-Order Active Contours

for Single-Cell Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Jozsef Molnar, Csaba Molnar, and Peter Horvath

Tensor Voting Extraction of Vessel Centerlines from Cerebral Angiograms . . . 35

Yu Ding, Mircea Nicolescu, Dan Farmer, Yao Wang, George Bebis,
and Fabien Scalzo

Stacked Autoencoders for Medical Image Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

S. Sharma, I. Umar, L. Ospina, D. Wong, and H.R. Tizhoosh

CutPointVis: An Interactive Exploration Tool for Cancer Biomarker

Cutpoint Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Lei Zhang and Ying Zhu

Computer Graphics

Adding Turbulence Based on Low-Resolution Cascade Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Masato Ishimuroya and Takashi Kanai

Creating Feasible Reflectance Data for Synthetic Optical Flow Datasets. . . . . 77

Burkhard Güssefeld, Katrin Honauer, and Daniel Kondermann

Automatic Web Page Coloring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Polina Volkova, Soheila Abrishami, and Piyush Kumar

Automatic Content-Aware Non-photorealistic Rendering of Images . . . . . . . . 101

Akshay Gadi Patil and Shanmuganathan Raman

Improved Aircraft Recognition for Aerial Refueling Through Data

Augmentation in Convolutional Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Robert Mash, Brett Borghetti, and John Pecarina
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 117. Cp. Metam. i. 106, ‘Et quae deciderant patula Iovis arbore
glandes’: ‘patule glandes’ is nonsense.
119. Cp. Metam. i. 103.
128. A play on the word ‘regula’: ‘re’ has been taken away and
there remains only ‘gula.’
145. Cp. Metam. viii. 830.
147. Metam. viii. 835.
151 ff. Cp. Metam. viii. 837 ff.
163. Cp. Ars Amat. iii. 647.
165 f. Cp. Conf. Amantis, Prol. 473 ff.
175. Ars Amat. iii. 503 f., but Ovid has ‘Gorgoneo saevius,’ for
‘commota lenius.’
177. Cp. Metam. viii. 465, ‘Saepe suum fervens oculis dabat ira
ruborem.’ The reading ‘oculis’ is necessary to the sense and appears
in one manuscript.
179. Cp. Ovid, Ars Amat. iii. 509.
215. ‘corrodium’ (or ‘corredium’) is the allowance made from the
funds of a religious house for the sustentation of a member of it or of
someone else outside the house: see Ducange under ‘conredium’
and New Engl. Dict. ‘corrody.’ Gower himself perhaps had in his later
life a corrody in the Priory of Saint Mary Overey, of which he was a
benefactor.
302. The reference is to Ecclus. xix. 27, ‘Amictus corporis et risus
dentium et ingressus hominis enunciant de eo.’ Cp. Confessio
Amantis, i. 2705, margin.
305-310. Aurora, (MS. Bodley 822) f. 65,

‘Est nigra coruus auis et predo cadaueris, illum

Quem male denigrat ceca cupido notans.
. . . . .
Sub uolucrum specie descripsit legifer illos,
 Quos mundanus honos ad scelus omne trahit.
Hunc aliquem tangit qui religionis amictum
Se tegit, ut cicius possit honore frui.’

(MS. Univ. Coll. 143: ‘libido’ for ‘cupido,’ ‘amictu’ for ‘amictum,’
‘maius’ for ‘cicius’).
311. Cp. Ovid, Ars Amat. iii. 249, ‘Turpe pecus mutilum,’ &c. The
word ‘monstrum’ in Gower came probably from a corruption in his
copy of Ovid.
327 ff. With this chapter compare Mirour de l’Omme, 21133 ff.
The capital letters of ‘Paciens,’ ‘Castus,’ ‘Luxus,’ &c. are supplied by
the editor, being clearly required by the sense.
354. Apocapata, ‘cut short’: cp. ‘per apocapen,’ v. 820.
363 f. The habit described is that of the Canons of the order of St.
Augustine.
395. Cp. Neckam, De Vita Monachorum, p. 175 (Rolls Series, 59,
vol. ii),

‘Vovistis, fratres, vovistis; vestra, rogamus,

Vivite solliciti reddere vota deo.

397. De Vita Monachorum, p. 176.

401. De Vita Monachorum, p. 178.
403 f. De Vita Monachorum, p. 177.
405-430. Most of this is taken from Neckam, De Vita
Monachorum, p. 176.
425. Ovid, Ars Amat. ii. 465.
427. foret, ‘should be,’ i.e. ‘ought to be.’
431-446. Taken with slight alterations from De Vita Monachorum,
pp. 187, 188.
442 f. De Vita Monachorum, p. 188.
449 Cp. Ovid, Fasti, ii. 85,
 ‘Saepe sequens agnam lupus est a voce retentus.’

Our author has interchanged the sexes for the purpose of his
argument, the man being represented as a helpless victim.
450. The subject to be supplied must be ‘agnus.’
451. Cp. Ars Amat. iii. 419.
453 f. Tristia, i. 6. 9 f.
461-466. De Vita Monachorum, p. 188.
469-490. Nearly the whole of this is taken from Neckam, p. 178.
537 f. Cp. Ovid, Rem. Amoris, 235 f.,

‘Adspicis ut prensos urant iuga prima iuvencos,

Et nova velocem cingula laedat equum?’

575. Cp. Amores, iii. 4. 17.

587. ‘Genius’ is here introduced as the priest of Venus and in l.
597 in the character of a confessor, as afterwards in the Confessio
Amantis. The reference to the ‘poets’ in the marginal note can hardly
be merely to the Roman de la Rose, where Genius is the priest and
confessor of Nature, but the variation ‘secundum Ouidium’ of the
Glasgow MS. does not seem to be justified by any passage of Ovid.
The connexion with Venus obviously has to do with the classical idea
of Genius as a god who presides over the begetting of children: cp.
Isid. Etym. viii. 88. The marginal note in S is written in a hand
probably different from that of the text, but contemporary.
617 f. Cp. Ars Amat. ii. 649 f.,

‘Dum novus in viridi coalescit cortice ramus,

Concutiat tenerum quaelibet aura, cadet.’

623. Spiritus est promptus, &c. Gower apparently took this text to
mean, ‘the spirit is ready to do evil, and the flesh is weak’: cp. Mirour,
14165.
624. Cp. Mirour, 16768.
 637. For this use of ‘quid’ cp. that of ‘numquid,’ ii. Prol. 59, and v.
279.
648. Rev. xiv. 4, ‘Hi sequuntur agnum ... quocunque ierit.’
657 f. Apparently referring to Rev. xii. 14.
659. Cp. the Latin Verses after Confessio Amantis, v. 6358.
681 f. Cp. Ovid, Pont. iv. 4. 3 f.
689 ff. Cp. Mirour de l’Omme, 21266, margin.
699. fore: used here and elsewhere by our author for ‘esse’; see
below, l. 717, and v. 763.
715. Acephalum. This name was applied in early times to
ecclesiastics who were exempt from the authority of the bishop: see
Ducange. The word is differently used in iii. 956, and by comparison
with that passage we might be led to suppose that there was some
reference here to the ‘inopes’ and ‘opem’ of the next line.
723 ff. Compare with this the contemporary accounts of the
controversy between FitzRalph, archbishop of Armagh, and the
Mendicant Friars, who are said to have bribed the Pope to confirm
their privileges (Walsingham, i. 285), and the somewhat prejudiced
account of their faults in Walsingham, ii. 13. The influence of the
Dominican Rushook, as the king’s confessor was the subject of
much jealousy in the reign of Richard II.
735 ff. Cp. Mirour de l’Omme, 21469 ff.
736. sepulta: used elsewhere by Gower for ‘funeral rites,’ e.g. i.
1170. The meaning is that the friar claims to perform the funeral
services for the dead bodies of those whose confessor he has been
before death. Perhaps however we should take ‘sepulta’ here as
equivalent to ‘sepelienda.’
769. Hos. iv. 8: cp. Mirour, 21397, where the saying is attributed
to Zephaniah.
777 f. Cp. Ovid, Tristia, i. 9. 7 f.
781. Tristia, i. 9. 9.
 784. Cp. Fasti, v. 354.
788. See Mirour, 21625 ff. and note.
795. ‘Prioris’ in S, but it is evidently an adjective here.
813 ff. Cp. Mirour, 21499 ff.
847. The wording is suggested by 1 Cor. ix. 24, ‘ii qui in stadio
currunt, omnes quidem currunt, sed unus accipit bravium.’
864. Titiuillus: see note in Dyce’s edition of Skelton, vol. ii. pp.
284 f.
869. Cp. Job ii. 4, ‘Pellem pro pelle, et cuncta quae habet homo,
dabit pro anima sua.’
872. vltima verba ligant. As in a bargain the last words are those
that are binding, so here the last word mentioned, namely ‘demon,’ is
the true answer to the question.
874. ‘Men sein, Old Senne newe schame,’ Conf. Amantis, iii.
2033.
903. Cp. Ovid, Metam. ii. 632, ‘Inter aves albas vetuit consistere
corvum.’ Gower’s line seems to have neither accidence nor syntax.
953 f. Fasti, ii. 219 f.
959. A reference to Ps. lxxii. 5, ‘In labore hominum non sunt, et
cum hominibus non flagellabuntur.’ The same passage is alluded to
in Walsingham’s chronicle (i. 324), where reference is made to the
fact that the friars were exempted from the poll-tax. The first half of
this psalm seems to have been accepted in some quarters as a
prophetic description of the Mendicants.
963. There is no variation of reading here in the MSS., but the
metre cannot be regarded as satisfactory. A fifteenth (or sixteenth)
century reader has raised a slight protest against it in the margin of
S, ‘at metrum quomodo fiet.’
969. Cp. Ps. lxxii. 7, ‘Prodiit quasi ex adipe iniquitas eorum:
transierunt in affectum cordis.’
971 ff. Cp. Mirour, 21517 ff.,
 ‘Mal fils ne tret son pris avant,
Par ce qant il fait son avant
Q’il ad bon piere,’ &c.

981 ff. Cp. Mirour, 21553 ff.

1059-1064. These six lines are taken without change from
Aurora, (MS. Bodley 822) f. 65.
1072. ‘lingua’ was here the original reading, but was altered to
‘verba’ in most of the copies. H and G have ‘verba’ over an erasure.
1081. In G we have ‘adepcio’ by correction from ‘adopcio.’
1090. adheret: meant apparently for pres. subj. as if from a verb
‘adherare.’
1099 f. Cp. Aurora, f. 19 vo,

‘Sarra parit, discedit Agar; pariente fideles

Ecclesia populos, dat synagoga locum.’

1103. Odium: written thus with a capital letter in H, but not in the
other MSS.
1143 ff. Cp. Mirour de l’Omme, 21403 ff. and note.
1145 ff. These lines are partly from Neckam’s Vita Monachorum,
p. 192:

‘Porticibus vallas operosis atria, quales

Quotque putas thalamos haec labyrinthus
habet.
. . . . .
Ostia multa quidem, variae sunt mille fenestrae,
Mille columnarum est marmore fulta domus.’

Gower alters the first sentence by substituting ‘valuas’ for the verb
‘vallas.’ ‘It has folding-doors, halls, and bed-chambers as various
and as many as the labyrinth.’
 1161. ‘historia parisiensis’ in the MSS. I cannot supply a
reference.
1175 f. From De Vita Monachorum, p. 193.
1189 ff. The reference is to the Speculum Stultorum, where
Burnel the Ass, after examining the rules of all the existing orders
and finding them in various ways unsatisfactory to him, comes to the
conclusion that he must found an order of his own, the rules of which
shall combine the advantages of all the other orders. Members of it
shall be allowed to ride easily like the Templars, to tell lies like the
Hospitallers, to eat meat on Saturday like the Benedictines of Cluny,
to talk freely like the brothers of Grandmont, to go to one mass a
month, or at most two, like the Carthusians, to dress comfortably like
the Praemonstratensians, and so on. What is said here by our author
expresses the spirit of these rules rather than the letter.
1197 f. The text here gives the original reading, found in TH₂ and
remaining unaltered in S. CHG have ‘et si’ written over an erasure,
and in the next line ‘Mechari cupias’ is written over erasure in G,
‘Mechari cupias ordine’ in C, and ‘ordine’ alone in H. The other MSS.
have no erasures.
1212. CHG have this line written over an erasure.
1214. Written over erasure in CHG, the word ‘magis’ being still
visible in G as the last word of the line in the earlier text. The
expression ‘Linquo coax ranis’ is said to have been used by Serlo on
his renunciation of the schools: see Leyser, Hist. Poet. p. 443.
1215. The word ‘mundi’ is over erasure in CHG.
1221*-1232*. These lines are written over erasure in CHG.
1225. A planta capiti, ‘from foot to head’: more correctly, v. 116,
‘Ad caput a planta.’

LIB. V.
45. Architesis. It must be assumed that this word means ‘discord,’
the passage being a series of oppositions.
 53. Est amor egra salus, &c. Compare the lines which follow our
author’s Traitié, ‘Est amor in glosa pax bellica, lis pietosa,’ &c., and
Alanus de Insulis, De Planctu Naturae, p. 472 (Rolls Series, 59, vol
ii).
79 ff. There is not much construction here; but we must suppose
that after this loose and rambling description the general sense is
resumed at l. 129.
98. Nec patet os in eis: cp. Chaucer, Book of the Duchess, 942.
104. Nec ... vix: cp. l. 153 and vii. 12.
121 f. Cp. Ovid, Her. iv. 71 f.
123 f. Cp. Fasti, ii. 763.
165. From Metam. vii. 826, but quoted without much regard to the
sense. In the original there is a stop after ‘est,’ and ‘subito collapsa
dolore’ is the beginning of a new sentence of the narrative.
169 f. Cp. Rem. Amoris, 691 f.
171. Cp. Her. iv. 161.
193. Cp. Her. v. 149. For ‘O, quia’ cp. i. 59.
209. Cp. Metam. x. 189.
213. Cp. Her. vii. 179. We have here a curious example of the
manner in which our author adapts lines to his use without regard to
the original sense.
221. Cp. Her. ii. 63.
257 ff. Cp. Mirour de l’Omme, 23920, Conf. Amantis, iv. 1634.
280. Numquid. This seems to be used here and in some other
passages to introduce a statement: cp. ii. Prol. 59, iv. 637. Rather
perhaps it should be regarded as equivalent to ‘Nonne’ and the
clause printed as a question: so vii. 484, 892, &c. For ‘num’ used
instead of ‘nonne’ cp. ii. 306.
299. S has in the margin in a later hand, ‘Nota de muliere bona.’
The description is taken of course from Prov. xxxi.
 333. In the margin of S, as before, ‘Nota de muliere mala et eius
condicionibus.’
341 ff. Cp. Neckam, De Vita Monachorum, p. 186.
359 f. Cp. Ovid, Ars Amat. iii. 289, 294. Presumably ‘bleso’ in l.
360 is a mistake for ‘iusso.’
361. Cp. Ars Amat. iii. 291.
367 f. Ars Amat. iii. 311 f.
376. Cp. Ars Amat. i. 598.
383 f. This reference to Ovid seems to be with regard to what
follows about the art of preserving and improving beauty. Some of it
is from the Ars Amatoria, and some from Neckam, De Vita
Monachorum. For ‘tenent,’ meaning ‘belong,’ cp. iii. 584.
399-402. Taken with slight changes from Ars Amat. iii. 163-166.
403. Cp. Metam. ii. 635.
405. Cp. Ars Amat. iii. 179.
407. Cp. Ars Amat. iii. 185.
413-416. De Vita Monachorum, p. 186.
421-428. De Vita Monachorum, p. 189.
450. The line (in the form ‘Illa quidem fatuos,’ &c.) is written over
an erasure in the Glasgow MS.
454. ‘interius’ is written over an erasure in HG.
461. Vt quid, ‘Why.’
501. The reading ‘nos,’ which is evidently right, appears in CG as
a correction of ‘non.’
510. ‘While one that is stained with its own filth flies from the
field.’
520. Cp. Mirour de l’Omme, 23701 ff.
556. The neglect of the burden of a charge, while the honour of it
is retained, is a constant theme of denunciation by our author: cp. iii.
116, and below, ll. 655 ff.
557 ff. With this account of the labourers cp. Mirour de l’Omme,
26425 ff. It is noticeable that there is nothing here about the
insurrection.
593. Cp. Metam. vi. 318.
597. H punctuates here ‘salua. que.’
613. A quotation from Pamphilus: cp. Mirour, 14449.
659. maioris, ‘of mayor.’
693 f. Cp. Aurora, f. 36,

‘Dupla die sexta colleccio facta labore

Ostendit quia lux septima nescit opus.’

703. The capitals which mark the personification of ‘Fraus’ and

‘Vsura’ are due to the editor. ‘Fraus’ corresponds to ‘Triche’ in the
Mirour de l’Omme: see ll. 25237 ff.
731. Nonne, used for ‘Num,’ as also in other passages, e.g. vi.
351, 523, vii. 619.
745 ff. Cp. Mirour de l’Omme, 25741 ff.
In l. 745 SG have the reading ‘foris’ as a correction from ‘foras.’
760 ff. Cp. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, C 472 ff.
775. See note on l. 280.
785 f. The readings ‘fraus’ for ‘sibi’ and ‘surripit’ for ‘fraus capit’
are over erasure in CG.
812. ‘Thethis,’ (‘Thetis,’ or ‘Tethis’) stands several times for
‘water’ (properly ‘Tethys’): cp. vii. 1067. The line means that the
water is so abundant in the jar that it hardly admits the presence of
any malt (‘Cerem’ for ‘Cererem’).
835 ff. It is difficult to say who is the bad mayor of London to
whom allusion is here made. The rival leaders in City politics were
Nicholas Brembre and John of Northampton. The former was lord
mayor in the years 1377, 1378, and again in 1383 and 1384, when
he was elected against his rival (who had held the office in 1381,
1382) in a forcible and unconstitutional manner which evoked many
protests. Brembre, who belonged to the Grocers’ company,
represented the interests of the greater companies and was of the
Court party, a special favourite with the king, while John of
Northampton, a draper, engaged himself in bitter controversy with
the Fishmongers, who were supported by the Grocers, and was
popular with the poorer classes. In the Cronica Tripertita Gower
bitterly attacks Brembre (who was executed by sentence of the so-
called ‘Merciless Parliament’ in 1388), and we might naturally
suppose that he was the person referred to here; but that passage
was written before the political events which led to that invective and
in all probability not later than 1382, and the references to the low
origin of the mayor in question, ll. 845-860, do not agree with the
circumstances of Nicholas Brembre. Political passion in the City ran
high from the year 1376 onwards, and the person referred to may
have been either John of Northampton or one of the other mayors,
who had in some way incurred Gower’s dislike: cp. Mirour, 26365 ff.
877. Cp. Conf. Amantis, v. 7626,

‘It floureth, bot it schal not greine

Unto the fruit of rihtwisnesse.’

915 f. Ovid, Tristia, i. 5. 47 f.

922. Cp. Prov. xxv. 15, ‘lingua mollis confringet duritiam,’ and the
verses at the beginning of the Confessio Amantis,

‘Ossibus ergo carens que conterit ossa loquelis

Absit.’

953 f. Ars Amat. ii. 183 f., but Ovid has ‘Numidasque leones.’
957 f. Rem. Amoris, 447 f. (but ‘ceratas’ for ‘agitatas’).
965 f. Pont. iii. 7. 25 f.
967 f. Cp. Rem. Amoris, 97 f.
 969 f. Cp. Rem. Amoris, 101 f.
971 f. Cp. Rem. Amoris, 729 f., ‘Admonitus refricatur amor,’ &c.
973. Cp. Rem. Amoris, 623.
975 f. Cp. Rem. Amoris, 731 f., ‘Ut pene extinctum cinerem si
sulfure tangas, Vivet,’ &c. The reading ‘sub’ must be a mistake on
the part of our author for ‘si.’
979. Cp. Ars Amat. iii. 597.
981. Ars Amat. iii. 373.
983 f. Ars Amat. iii. 375 f., but Ovid has ‘iratos et sibi quisque
deos.’
985 f. Cp. Ars Amat. iii. 501 f.
990. Fasti, iii. 380, absurdly introduced here.
991 f. Cp. Conf. Amantis, Latin Verses before Prol. 499.
1003 f. Cp. Tristia, ii. 141 f.

LIB. VI.
1-468. With this section of the work compare Mirour, 24181 ff.
11. Ps. xiv. 3.
89-94. From Aurora, (MS. Bodley 822) f. 66, where however the
reading is ‘sapit’ in l. 94 (for ‘rapit’).
95-98. Aurora, f. 65, where we find ‘in nocte’ for ‘in noctem’ and
‘reprobi’ for ‘legis’ (l. 97).
101 f. Cp. Aurora, 64 f.,

‘Inprouisus adest cum pullos tollere miluus

Esurit, in predam non sine fraude ruit.’

This is adapted by our author to his own purpose, but as his

meaning is altogether different, some obscurity results, and he does
not make it clear to us how the biter is bit.
 113. Metam. v. 606.
115-118. Cp. Metam. vi. 527 ff.
133. In the Glasgow MS. ‘locuplex’ has been altered to the more
familiar ‘locuples.’
141 f. Is. v. 8, ‘Vae qui coniungitis domum ad domum et agrum
agro copulatis usque ad terminum loci: numquid habitabitis vos soli
in medio terrae?’ The same text is quoted in the Mirour, 24541 ff.
144. By comparison with Mirour, 24580 ff. we may see that the
dissipation of the property by the son is here alleged as a proof that
it has been ill acquired:

‘Qu’ils font pourchas a la senestre

Le fin demoustre la verrour.’

176. forum, i.e. the market price.

188. que foret equa, ‘(the balance) which should be fair’: so also
‘foret’ below, l. 190.
203. Basiliscus: cp. Mirour, 3748 ff.
209 f. Ovid, Pont. ii. 3. 39 f. (but ‘lasso’ for ‘lapso’).
217. nam nemo dolose Mentis, &c. ‘for no man of a crafty mind
can have sure speech.’
225. tenebrescunt, ‘darken.’ So other inceptives are used
transitively, e.g. ‘ditescere,’ ii. 607, Cron. Trip. iii. 119.
233 f. ‘And this lex, legis, from ledo, ledis, as ius from iurgo,
administers justice at this present time.’ It is meant that the
administration of law, as we see it, suggests the above etymologies.
The use of ‘isto’ for ‘hoc’ is quite regular.
241 ff. Cp. Mirour, 24253 ff.
249 ff. Cp. Mirour, 24349 ff., and see Pulling, Order of the Coif,
ch. iv.
269. The reference is to Ecclus. xx. 31, ‘Xenia et dona excaecant
oculos iudicum.’
 274. ‘Fear puts to flight the discernment of justice.’
313-326. These fourteen lines are taken with some alterations
(not much for the better) from Neckam, De Vita Monachorum, pp.
180 f.
327 f. Cp. De Vita Monachorum, p. 182,

‘Sic mihi, divitibus si quando defuit hostis;

Hos terit et quassat saepe ruina gravis.’

Where, it would seem, we ought to read ‘Dic mihi.’

329 ff. De Vita Monachorum, p. 181. Most of the lines 329-348
are borrowed.
351. ‘Nonne’ for ‘Num,’ as often: cp. v. 731.
355 f. Cp. De Vita Monachorum, p. 182,

‘Iustitiae montes virtutumque ardua nullus

Scandet, dum mundi rebus onustus erit.’

357. De Vita Monachorum, p. 190.

359-372. Most of these lines are borrowed with slight alterations
from De Vita Monachorum, p. 191.
387 ff. Cp. Mirour, 24733 ff.
389. Cp. De Vita Monachorum, p. 192, ‘Cur ampla aedificas
busto claudendus in arcto?’
397. De Vita Monachorum, p. 193,

‘Et cecidit Babylon, cecidit quoque maxima Troia

Olim mundipotens, aspice, Roma iacet.’

419 ff. Cp. Mirour, 24817-25176.

421 f. For the idea contained in ‘vnccio’ and ‘vncta’ cp. iii. 1376.
433. ‘The word comes receives its beginning not from vice but
from vicium.’ That is, apparently, the prefix which makes ‘comes’ into
‘vicecomes’ is to be derived from ‘vicium.’
439 f. Cp. Mirour, 25166 ff.
445 ff. With this compare the corresponding lines in the Carmen
super multiplici viciorum Pestilencia, under the head of ‘Avarice’ (246
ff.),

‘Vendere iusticiam nichil est nisi vendere Cristum,’

&c.

463 f. Cp. Mirour, 24973 ff.

467 f. Vt Crati bufo, &c.: cp. Mirour, 24962 f.
498. Cp. Mirour, 22835 f.
522. The insertion which is found after this line in the Digby MS.
(and in no other) consists of eight lines taken from the original text of
the passage 545-580, which was rewritten by the author: see ll.
561*-566* and 579* f.
523 ff. ‘Can a house be built without timber? But of what use is
timber to the builder if it be not hewn?’ ‘Nonne’ for ‘Num,’ as
frequently: see note on v. 731. It seems that ‘sibi’ refers to the builder
rather than to the house; in any case, it has no reflexive sense.
Finally ‘ligna’ is here used as a singular feminine: all the MSS. have
‘foret’ in l. 524 and ‘valet’ in 525.
The idea of the passage seems to be that good laws are as the
material, and the ruler as the builder of the house.
529 ff. Cp. Conf. Amantis, vii. 2695 ff.
545-580. It is certain that the passage preserved to us in the
Dublin and Hatfield MSS. is that which was originally written in those
books which now exhibit an erasure; for in several places words are
legible underneath the present text of these latter MSS. For example
in S ‘maior’ is visible as the last word of the original l. 547, and
‘locuta,’ ‘aula,’ similarly in ll. 549, 551. The chief difference
introduced is in the direction of throwing more responsibility on the
king, who however is still spoken of as a boy. Thus instead of ‘Stat
puer immunis culpe,’ we have ‘Rex puer indoctus morales negligit
actus’ (or more strongly still ‘respuit’).
The text of 545*-580* follows the Dublin MS. (T) with corrections
from H₂. Neither text is very correct: both omit a word in l. 549*,
which I supply by conjecture, and both read ‘omnes’ in l. 561*. There
are some obvious errors in T, as ‘sinis’ for ‘sinit’ in l. 554*, ‘Tempe’ for
‘Tempora’ in l. 559*, which have been passed over without notice.
Cap. viii. Heading. The ensuing Epistle to the young king, which
extends as far as l. 1200, assumes a more severely moral form
owing to the alteration of the preceding passage, the exclusion of all
compliment (‘regnaturo’ in this heading for ‘excellentissimo’) and the
substitution of ‘doctrine causa’ for ‘in eius honore.’ (The readings
‘excellentissimo,’ ‘in eius honore’ no doubt are to be found in the
Hatfield MS., but I have accidentally omitted to take note of them.)
629 f. Neckam, De Vita Monachorum, p. 185,

‘Quid tibi nobilitas et clarum nomen avorum,

Si vitiis servus factus es ipse tuis?’

640. ‘vix’ is sometimes used by our author (apparently) in the

sense of ‘paene.’
696. Ovid, Rem. Amoris, 526.
710. iudiciale, ‘judgement,’ used as a substantive: cp. iii. 1692.
718. culpe ... sue, ‘for their fault,’ i.e. the fault of his ministers.
719-722. Cp. Aurora, (MS. Bodley 822) f. 65,

‘Euolat ancipiter ad prede lucra, suisque

Deseruit dominis in rapiendo cybum.
Sic multi dominis famulando suis, ad eorum
Nutum pauperibus dampna ferendo nocent.’

725. presul, ‘the bishop.’

740. The expression ‘Cuius enim’ for ‘Eius enim’ occurs more
than once, e.g. l. 1238: cp. vii. 372. It is found also in the Confessio
Amantis, Latin Verses after vii. 1984, but was there corrected in the
third recension.
765. stabiles: apparently used in a bad sense.
793 f. Cp. Aurora, f. 96 vo,

‘Exiguus magnum vicit puer ille Golyam,

Nam virtus humilis corda superba domat.’

816. Ovid, Amores, i. 8. 62, ‘Crede mihi, res est ingeniosa dare.’
839 f. Cp. Aurora, f. 95 vo.
846. Fasti, ii. 226.
875-902. This passage of twenty-six lines is taken with few
alterations from the Aurora, f. 76.
876. bella: in the original ‘corda’ (or ‘colla’ MS. Univ. Coll. 143).
883. noctibus: in the original ‘nutibus.’
884. Spirant: so in the original according to MS. Bodley 822, but
‘Spirent’ in MS. Univ. Coll. 143.
886. acuum ferrum: in the original ‘minitans ferrum.’ Apparently
our author took ‘acus’ to mean a spear or javelin. The choice of the
word in this passage is unfortunate.
887 ff. ‘vincit,’ ‘tenet’ (or ‘teret,’ MS. Univ. Coll. 143), ‘consurgit’ in
the original.
891. In the original, ‘Rex hoc consilium grata bibit aure, puellas
Preparat,’ &c.
892. ‘genis’ in the original.
894. ‘furit’ for ‘fugat’ is the reading of the original, and we find this
in several MSS. of our text, but in the Glasgow MS. this has been
corrected to ‘fugat,’ which is the reading of S.
898. In the original, ‘Vultus que geminus ridet in ore decor,’ (or
‘Vultus et geminus,’ &c., MS. Univ. Coll. 143).
 907. Aurora, f. 100.
947-950. Taken from the description of Saul at the battle of
Gilboa, Aurora, f. 100 vo.
971 ff. Cp. Praise of Peace, 78 ff.
985-992. From Aurora, f. 64 vo,

‘Alta petens aquila uolat alite celsius omni,

Quisque potens, tumidus corde, notatur ea:
Vt sacra testantur cythariste scripta prophete,
In celum tales os posuere suum.
Pennatum griphes animal, pedibusque quaternis
Inuitos homines carpit, abhorret equos:
Designatur in his facinus crudele potentum,
Qui mortes hominum cum feritate bibunt.’

986. Our author no doubt read ‘mundus corde’ here in the

Aurora.
987. citharistea: properly no doubt ‘cithariste,’ to be taken with
‘prophete,’ as in the Aurora.
990. ‘horret equos’ seems to represent the ‘equis vehementer
infesti’ of Isidore, Etym. xii. 2.
1019-1024. From Neckam, De Vita Monachorum, p. 185, with
slight variations.
1037. esse: as substantive, ‘existence.’
1041-1050. Taken with slight changes from Aurora, f. 108.
1066. fugat: used as subjunctive; so also iii. 1498, 2078.
1085 f. From De Vita Monachorum, p. 184.
1107-1112. De Vita Monachorum, p. 193.
1115 f. De Vita Monachorum, p. 183.
1159* ff. That this was the text which stood originally in S is
proved partly by the fact that the original heading of the chapter
stands still as given here in the Table of Chapters, f. 5, and also by
the traces of original coloured initials at ll. 1175 and 1199. A
considerable part of the erased chapter reappears in the poem ‘Rex
celi deus,’ &c., addressed to Henry IV: see p. 343.
1189 f. Si tibi ... cupias conuertere ... Te. These words appear in
S as a correction of the rewritten text by a second erasure and in
another hand.
Cap. xix. Heading. The original form, as given by DLTH₂, is still to
be found in the Table of Chapters in S.
1201. Cp. Ovid, Metam. vii. 585 f.,

‘veluti cum putria motis

Poma cadunt ramis agitataque ilice glandes.’

1204 ff. Note the repeated use of ‘modo’ in the sense of ‘now’:
cp. 1210, 1218, 1222, 1232, 1235, 1243, 1263, 1280, &c. The usual
word for ‘formerly’ is ‘nuper’; see 1241, 1245, 1279, &c.
1205. Metam. ii. 541.
1223. Oza, that is Uzzah (2 Sam. vi.), who is selected as a type
of carnal lust, apparently on the strength of the quite gratuitous
assumption adopted in Lib. III. 1885 ff. Apparently ‘luxus’ in the next
line is genitive, in spite of the metre: cp. ‘excercitus,’ i. 609, ‘ducatus,’
Cron. Trip. iii. 117.
1236. Giesi, i.e. Gehazi.
1238. Cuius enim: cp. note on l. 740.
1243. Liberius: pope from 352-366 a. d. He is mentioned here as
a type of unfaithfulness to his charge, because he was induced to
condemn Athanasius.
1251. defunctis, ‘for the dead,’ that is, to bury them charitably, as
Tobit did.
1261. Cp. John xii. 24.
 1267. Perhaps an allusion to Wycliffe, who seems to be referred
to as a new Jovinianus in a later poem, p. 347.
1268. dant dubitare, ‘cause men to doubt.’
1273. Troianus: i.e. Trajan, whose name is so spelt regularly by
our author.
1277. Valentinianus: cp. Conf. Amantis, v. 6398 ff.
1284. Leo: cp. Conf. Amantis, Prol. 739.
1286. Tiberii: i.e. Tiberius Constantinus; cp. Conf. Amantis, ii. 587
ff.
1306. quis, for ‘quisquam’: so also ‘quem’ in l. 1308; cp. i. 184.
1321 f. Cp. Conf. Amantis, vii. 2217 ff.: ‘relinquendo’ is used for
‘relinquens,’ as i. 304, 516, &c.
1323. Cp. Conf. Amantis, v. 6372 ff., Mirour, 18301 ff.
1330. Vix si: cp. iv. 218, Cron. Trip. iii. 444.
1345. Cp. Ovid, Amores, i. 9. 1.
1357 f. ‘She is silent as a jackdaw, chaste as a pigeon, and
gentle as a thorn.’
1361 f. Perhaps an allusion to the case of Edward III and Alice
Perrers.

LIB. VII.
5. Cp. Conf. Amantis, Prol. 595 ff.
9. modo, ‘now’: cp. note on vi. 1204.
12. nec ... vix. For this combination of ‘vix’ with a negative cp. v.
104, 153.
42. dicunt ... volunt, ‘say that they wish’: cp. ii. 200 f.
47 f. Cp. Conf. Amantis, v. 49 ff.; so below, ll. 61 ff.
123. Rev. ii. 25, ‘id quod habetis tenete, donec veniam.’