KHÓA TOEIC MỤC TIÊU 450-750

PART 5+ 6: WORD FORM

CHUYÊN ĐỀ : VERB TENSES (THÌ)

CÁC CẶP THÌ DỄ GÂY NHẦM LẪN

1. Hiện tại đơn – Hiện tại tiếp diễn

Present simple (Hiện tại đơn) Present Continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn)

Công thức Công thức

(+) I/you/we/they/Nnhiều + V(nguyên) (+) S + is/are/am + V-ing

He/she/it/Nít + V(s/es) (-) S + is/are/am + not + V-ing

(-) I/you/we/they/Nnhiều + don’t + V(nguyên) (?) Is/Are/Am + S + V-ing?

He/she/it/Nít + doesn’t + V(nguyên)

(?) Do + I/you/we/they/Nnhiều + V(nguyên)?

Does + he/she/it/Nít + V(nguyên)?

Cách dùng Cách dùng

- Hành động lặp đi lặp lại theo thói quen - Hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nói

- Hành động lâu dài, bền vững - Hành động tạm thời xảy ra

- Lịch trình, thời khóa biểu - Kế hoạch trong tương lai gần

- Tình cảm, cảm xúc

- Chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên đúng

Dấu hiệu Dấu hiệu

- Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, - Look!; Listen! Be quiet!; Be careful!; Don't make
occasionally, never noise! Keep silent!; …

- Every day/week/month/year..., on Mondays/ - Now, right now, at the moment, at the present,..
Tuesdays/Sundays,….
- Today, these days, this week, this month,...
- Once/twice/three times a week/month/..

- Every two weeks, every three months,….

Chú ý: Vị trí trạng từ tần suất (always, usually, Chú ý: “Be + always/forever + V-ing” - diễn tả hành
often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never) động xảy ra quá thường xuyên và mang lại cảm giác
khó chịu.
- Trước động từ thường
You are always stepping on my foot.
I often go out with my friends in the evening.

- Sau động từ to be

I am never late for school.

- Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường

He doesn’t always get up early in the morning.

NON-CONTINUOUS VERBS (NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ KHÔNG DÙNG DẠNG TIẾP DIỄN)

Senses/Perception: hear, smell, taste, see/feel (cảm thấy)

Opinion: believe, consider, doubt, think/feel/find/suppose/assume (cho rằng/thấy rằng)

Mental states: forget, imagine, know, mean, notice, recognize, remember, understand

Emotions/desires: want/need, fear, dislike/hate, hope, wish, like, love, mind, prefer, regret

Measurement: contain/consist, cost, hold, measure, weigh

Others: look (có vẻ), be, depend, belong (thuộc về), have (có), seem/appear (dường như)

❖ Lưu ý: Những động từ này có thể sử dụng với thì tiếp diễn nhưng chúng mang ý nghĩa khác.

This coat feels nice and warm.

John's feeling much better now. (His health is improving)

She has three dogs and a cat. (Possession)

She's having supper. (She's eating)

I can see Anthony in the garden. (Perception)

I'm seeing Anthony later (We are planning to meet)

2. Quá khứ đơn – Quá khứ tiếp diễn

Past Simple (Quá khứ đơn) Past Continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Công thức Công thức
(+) S + V(-ed/cột 2) (+) S + was/were + V-ing
(-) S + didn’t + Vnguyên (-) S + was/were + not + V-ing
(?) Did + S + Vnguyên? (?) Was/Were + S + V-ing?
Cách dùng Cách dùng
- Hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn - Hành động diễn ra tại thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
toàn trong quá khứ. I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.
- Các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong - Hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào
quá khứ. S1 + QKTD + when + S2 + (suddenly) QKĐ
I was watching TV when she came home.
When + S1 + QKĐ, S2 + QKTD
When she came home, I was watching television.
- Những hành động xảy ra song song
S1 + QKTD + while + S2 + QKTD
She was doing her homework while I was preparing dinner.
While + S1 + QKTD, S2 + QKTD
While they were running, we were walking.
- Thói quen xấu với trạng từ "always"
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
- Ngữ cảnh
Dấu hiệu Dấu hiệu
 • last night/year/month; yesterday; ... • at this time last night; at this moment last year; at 8 p.m last
ago (2 years ago); in + năm (in 1999) night; while...

3. Hiện tại hoàn thành và Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Present Perfect Simple (Hiện tại hoàn Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp
thành) diễn)

Công thức Công thức

(+) S + have/has + P2 (+) S + have/has + been + V-ing

(-) S+ have/has + not + P2 (-) S + have/has + not + been + V-ing

(?) Have/Has + S+ P2? (?) Have/Has + S + been + V-ing

Cách dùng Cách dùng

- Nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động - Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục/thời gian thực hiện hành động

I have done my homework. We've been working really hard for three months.

I have read this book three times. She has been waiting for him all her lifetime.

- Kết quả mong muốn - Kết quả không mong muốn

I have washed the car. (The car is clean now.) Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car.

Dấu hiệu Dấu hiệu

Ever, never, just, already, yet, since, for, twice, All the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, since, for,
many times, … how long, ...

Một số động từ không được dùng với thì tiếp diễn:

State: be, have (for possession only) We have been on holiday for two weeks.

Senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch He has touched the painting.

Brain work: believe, know, think, understand I have known him for 3 years.

4. Quá khứ hoàn thành – Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Past Perfect Simple (Quá khứ hoàn Past Perfect Continuous (Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
thành)

Công thức Công thức

(+) S + had + VP2 (+) S+ had + been + V-ing

(-) S + had not / hadn’t + VP2. (-) S + hadn’t been + V-ing

(?) (Wh-) + had + S + VP2? (?) Had + S + been + V-ing?

Cách dùng Cách dùng

- Hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động - Hành động xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước 1 hành động khác
khác trong quá khứ (hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ.
 trước dùng quá khứ hoàn thành; hành He had been typing for 3 hours before he finished his work.
động xảy ra sau dùng quá khứ đơn) - Hành động xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước 1 thời điểm xác
định trong quá khứ.
After he had finished work, he went
My father had been driving for 2 hours before 11p.m last
home.
night.
- Hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm - Nhấn mạnh hành động là nguyên nhân của 1 hành động
trong quá khứ. nào đó trong quá khứ.
This morning he was very tired because he had been
I had gone to bed before 10 o’clock last working very hard all night.
night.

Dấu hiệu Dấu hiệu

Before, after, already, just, when, as soon For, how long, all day...
as, by the time, until; by the end of + time,
by + time,…

Một số động từ không được dùng với thì tiếp diễn:

State: be, have (for possession only) We had been on holiday for two weeks.

Senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch He had touched the painting.

Brain work: believe, know, think, understand I had known him for 3 years.

5. Tương lai đơn – Tương lai gần

Tương lai đơn (WILL + V) Tương lai gần (BE GOING TO + V)

Công thức Công thức
(+) S + will/shall + V (+) S+ am/is/are+ going to V
(-) S + will not/shall not + V (-) S + am/is/are not going to
(?) (Wh-) + will/shall + S + V? (?) (Wh-) Am/is/are+ S + going to V?
Cách dùng Cách dùng
- Phỏng đoán không có căn cứ - Phỏng đoán có căn cứ
- Hành động nảy sinh tại thời điểm nói - Dự định trong tương lai gần
Dấu hiệu Dấu hiệu
I (don’t) think; I am afraid; I am sure that; I fear that; tomorrow: ngày mai; next day: ngày tới
perhaps; probably next week/month/year: tuần/tháng/năm tới
in + thời gian: trong … nữa (in 5 minutes: trong 5 phút
nữa)

6. Tương lai tiếp diễn - Tương lai hoàn thành

Future continuous (Tương lai tiếp diễn)
Công thức
(+) S + will/shall + be + V-ing
(-) S + won’t/shan’t + be + V-ing
(?) Will/shall + S + be + V-ing?
Future perfect (Tương lai hoàn thành)
Công thức
(+) S + will/shall + have + P2
(-) S + won’t/shan’t + have + P2
(?) Will/shall + S + have + P2?
 Cách dùng
- Hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể
nào đó trong tương lai
This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach.
- Hành động đang xảy ra trong một khoảng thời
gian cụ thể ở tương lai
Don’t phone me between 7 and 8. We’ll be having
dinner then.
- Hành động tương lai đã được sắp đặt từ trước.
The government will be making a statement about
the crisis later today.
- Hỏi 1 cách lịch sự về kế hoạch của ai đó.
Will you be working this weekend?
Cách dùng
- Hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước 1 thời điểm cụ
thể hoặc 1 hành động khác trong tương lai
When you come back, she will have finished college.
- Hành động xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm
trong tương lai
She will have learned English for 6 months when the
course finishes this week.

Dấu hiệu Dấu hiệu

At this time/at this moment/at present + future By the time, by the end of, by….,
time (at this time tomorrow/at this moment next before + future time (before 9a.m tomorrow), for (6
year…, at 5 p.m tomorrow…) months..)

PRACTICE

Question 1: Dr. Nelson _________ in the operating room for most of the day tomorrow.
A. was B. are C. has been D. will be
Question 2: I believe that Kyle _________ the final numbers, so he is aware of what next year’s budget is going to
look like.
A. see B. has seen C. seen D. seeing
Question 3: The package _________ shipped from the warehouse yesterday, so it should arrive no later than
tomorrow.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
Question 4: The satisfaction level of the employees _________ tremendously since the completion of the
renovations on the main office building.
A. will increase B. has increased C. increasing D. increase
Question 5: By the time the police discovered the location of the criminals’ headquaters, the majority of the
individuals they were looking for _________.
A. are disappearing B. will have disappeared C. disappear D. had disappeared
Question 6: After the applications have been submitted, Fred and Lisa _________ which individuals they would like
to interview.
 A. will choose B. was choosing C. choose D. has choosen
Question 7: Because assembly line workers have been working overtime, meeting consumer demand for the
company’s high – end products _________ on the schedule.
A. will be remaining B. are remaining C. remain D. remains
Question 8: By the time Ms. Venarde joined the staff, she _________ in a similar capacity for many years already.
A. was B. are C. had been D. will be
Question 9: The secretary _________ copy paper and toner every Monday, so please let her know if she needs to
procure a larger amount this week.
A. orders B. ordered C. order D. to order
Question 10: When Mr. Marino _________ to London next month, he will meet with several influential businessmen
and politicians.
A. goes B. to go C. was going D. gone
Question 11: Sometime during the next week, Hoffman Legal Service _________ a new program designed to
provide some comprehensive yet inexpensive services for its clients.
A. will create B. was created C. having created D. will be created
Question 12: Mako Consulting usually _________ extremely high rates for its clients, but it accepted a lesser
amount in return for a guaranteed long – term contract with RTE Electronics.
A. charged B. charges C. has charged D. has been charging
Question 13: Mr. Chapman _________ employed by Regis Electronics or its subsidiaries for the last 22 years.
A. is B. has been C. could be D. has
Question 14: After Peter Saks _________ the Sales Department, he eliminated the policy that let sales staff use
company cars for personal business.
A. joins B. joined C. is joining D. has been joining
Question 15: According to the latest government reports, maufacturing equipment _________ very well right now.
A. selling B. sold C. is selling D. are sold
Question 16: Your membership in the Home Repair Program _________ at the end of October. Now it is the
perferct time to renew your service contract.
A. expired B. expiring C. expires D. expiration
Question 17: The agriculture industry is fighting to preserve farmers' fields of crops against unfavorable
temperatures, and homeowners are struggling to keep their outdoor plants and flowers supplied with adequate
water. Several outdoor theatrical productions _________ because of low turnout. Apparently, it's too hard to enjoy
a two-hour play in this heat.
 A. have been cancelled B. have been cancelling C. was cancelled D. will be cancelling
Question 18: "Blue Recycling already has many corporate customers in the country," said Najeeb Baladi,
spokesperson for the Doha Chamber of Commerce. "The opening of a plant here _________ the need for customers
in Doha to pay high international shipping fees. We're extremely pleased."
A. will eliminate B. has eliminated C. eliminate D. eliminated
Question 19: The event organizer _________ on call to provide support during the setting – up period.
A. will be B. has been C. will have been D. was
Question 20: The special sales on clothing at the Aberdeen Mall _________ next Sunday.
A. will begin B. begin C. has begun D. began
Question 21: The leading Spanish recycling business, Diaz Solutions, _________ from a group of the country’s top
small businesses to become this year’s Spanish Small Business of the Year.
A. is choosing B. has been chosen C. will be chosen D. has chosen
Question 22: A retirement party _________ for Ronald Klark on Friday, July 15, from 4:30 to 6:30 PM. in the South
Conference Room. Hope you can come.
A. had been held B. was held C. is held D. will be held
Question 23: On November 24, I _________ the FRA flight #3321 from Cardiff, Wales to Cancun, Mexico. The flight
itself was very pleasant.
A. took B. taken C. will take D. have taken
Question 24: The Paris Bank _________ five years ago today.
A. opens B. has opened C. opened D. was opening
Question 25: I would like for you to know that we _________ a new project tomorrow morning, so everyone needs
to be in the office no later than eight o’clock.
A. has been starting B. will be starting C. was started D. is being started
Question 26: In the last 20 years, the amount of time that people have spent in front of their computers _________
at a tremendous rate.
A. rose B. will have risen C. was rising D. has risen
Question 27: Several of the employees learned that they _________ from their jobs when their co – workers broke
the news to them.
A. fired B. have been fired C. had been fired D. will have been fired
Question 28: Jenifer Wilson _________ as the president of the firm for over 22 years by the time she retires.
A. been served B. has served C. had served D. will have served
Question 29: Last year’s cutthroat activity in the market _________ retail stagnation for us.
 A. causes B. is caused C. has caused D. is causing
Question 30: Once the computer’s virus is removed, a lot of information _________.
A. are disappearing B. will have disappear C. disappear D. disappeared
Question 31: The office network and database _________ down for maintenance for 3 hours this evening.
A. was B. has been C. are D. will be
Question 32: Emily _________ as an accountant for 5 years before his marriage.
A. will be working B. has worked C. is working D. worked
Question 33: Tia _________ for the company for very long before she was promoted.
A. hasn’t been working B. didn’t work C. hadn’t been working D. wasn’t working
Question 34: They _________ the bridge by the end of the year.
A. will complete B. will have completed C. have completed D. had been completing
Question 35: Before Ross mentioned that company, I _________ of Direll Plc.
A. never hear B. have never heard C. had never heard D. never heard

THE END