Sembakkam, Chennai- 600 073

SSCE 2023 – 2024

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT
PROJECT TITLE:

MAGNETIC FIELD LINES OF SOLENOID

Group Members:

Roll no:

Grade:

Subject:
Table of Contents:

1. INTRODUCTION Pg-1
2. THEORY Pg-2
3. PROCEDURE Pg-3
4. OBSERVATION Pg-3
5. APPLICATION Pg-4
6. CONCLUSION Pg-5
INTRODUCTION:
Solenoid is the generic term for a coil of wire used as an
electromagnetic. It also refers to any device that converts
electrical energy to mechanical energy using a solenoid. The
device creates linear motion. Common applications of
solenoids are to power a switch, like the starter in an
automobile, or a valve, such as in a sprinkler system.

A solenoid is a coil of wire in a corkscrew shape wrapped

around a piston, often made of iron. As in all electromagnets,
a magnetic field is created when an electric current passes
through the wire. Electromagnets have an advantage over
permanent magnets is that they can be switched on and off
by the application or removal of the electric current, which is
what makes them useful as switches and valves and allows
them to be entirely automated.
Like all magnets, the magnetic field of an activated solenoid
has positive and negative poles that will attract or repel
material sensitive to magnets.

In a solenoid, the electromagnetic field causes the piston to

either move backward or forward, which is how motion is
created by a solenoid coil.
THEORY:

Electromagnetic fields are a combination of invisible electric

and magnetic fields of force. They are generated by natural
phenomena like the Earth's magnetic field but also by human
activities, mainly with electricity.

Magnetic field is same at all points inside the solenoid that is,
magnetic field is uniform inside a solenoid. More the number
turns in the solenoid, Higher the magnetic field because

more current flows through it.

Thus, Strength of Magnetic Field in a Solenoid depends on:

a) Number of turns in the solenoid.

b) Strength of current in the solenoid.

c) Nature of core material used inside the solenoid.

PROCEDURE:

1. Fix a white paper on a wooden park

2. Make two holes to the plank at appropriate distance.

3. Make some more holes parallel to these two holes.

4. Insert a copper wire through these holes. It looks as a coil.

5. Connect the two ends of the coil to a battery and a switch

in series.

6. When switch is on current flows through the wire.

7.Sprinkle some iron fillings around the coil and tap the
plank.

OBSERVATION:

An orderly pattern of iron filling is seen on the paper. These

are magnetic field lines. The magnetic field lines set up by
solenoid resemble those that of a bar magnet.
APPLICATIONS:

A telegraph is one example of a device that utilizes an

electromagnet and it's ability to be turned on and off to
transmit information very long distances. When the
electromagnet is on, it creates a click. When it is off, there is
no click.

We translate the language of clicks and no clicks into

alphabet characters, known as Morse Code.
A solenoid is generally used to convert electromagnetic
energy into motion. Solenoids are often used in devices that
need a sudden burst of power to move a specific part.

In addition to paintball markers, you can find solenoids in

machines ranging from motor vehicles to electric
dishwashers.

CONCLUSION:

1. Field lines move from North to South Inside the solenoid

and South to North Outside the solenoid.

2. Magnetic Strength is Higher in Poles.