HARD DISK

 This is the most common storage device

for computers.
 It offers great capacities, very reliable
and durable data storage.
 Desktop Hard Disk Drives(HDD) were
introduced since around 1983 and
laptop HDD were since around 1988.
ATA Overview
NAME CABLE KEY WORDS SPEED MAX. SIZE

ATA - 1 40 pins PIO & DMA 3.3 – 8.3Mbps 504MB

11.1 – 16.6
ATA - 2 40 pins EIDE / ATAPI 8.4 GB
Mbps
11.1 – 16.6
ATA - 3 40 pins SMART 8.4 GB
Mbps
16.7 – 33.3
ATA - 4 40 pins ULTRA 8.4 GB
Mbps
INT 13 BIOS upgrade 137 GB
40 pins 44.4 – 66.6
ATA - 5 ATA 33/66 137 GB
80 wires Mbps
40 pins
ATA - 6 Big drive 100 Mbps 144 PB
80 wires
40 pins ATA/133
133 – 300
ATA - 7 80 wires 144 PB
Mbps
7pins SATA
ATA - 1
 PIO: (Programmable Input Output) – traditional
data transfer.
 DMA: (Direct Memory Access) – allowed two
drives (one master, one slave).
ATA - 2
 Commonly called as EIDE.
 Added second controller to allow for four
drives instead of only two.
 Added ATAPI- could now use for cd drives.
ATA - 3
 SMART-(Self Monitoring Analysis And
Reporting Technology)
 No real change in other stats.
ATA - 4
 Introduced ultra DMA modes 0,1 & 2
 Ultra DMA Mode 2 Also called ATA /33.
INT 13
 ATA 1 standard actually written for hard
drives up to 137 GB.
 BIOS limited it to 504 MB due to cylinder,
head and sector.
 ATA 2 implemented LBA to fool the
BIOS, allowing drives to be as big as 8.4
GB
 INT 13 Extended BIOS commands
allowed drives as large as 137 GB.
ATA - 5
 Introduced newer ultra DMA modes– 3 &
4.
 Ultra DMA mode 4 also called as ATA
/66

 Blue connector – to controller (mother

board)
 Gray connector – to HDD (slave)
 Black connector – to HDD (master).
ATA - 6
 Introduced Big drives.
 Replaced INT 13 and 24 bit LBA to 48 bit
LBA. Increased maximum size 144 PB.
 Introduced ultra DMA 5
 Also called as ATA /100.
ATA - 7
 Introduced ultra DMA 6. it also called as
ATA /133
 Introduced Serial ATA – increased
throughout to 150 Mbps to 300 Mbps.
SATA
 SATA creates a point to point connection
between the drives and the controller.
 Hot swappable.
 Can have as many as eight SATA devices.
 Thinner cables resulting in better air flow
and cable control in the pc.
 Maximum cable length is 39.4 inch
compared to 18 inch for PATA cables.