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 George Bebis · Zhaozheng Yin ·
Edward Kim · Jan Bender ·
Kartic Subr · Bum Chul Kwon ·
Jian Zhao · Denis Kalkofen ·
George Baciu (Eds.)
LNCS 12509

Advances in
Visual Computing
15th International Symposium, ISVC 2020
San Diego, CA, USA, October 5–7, 2020
Proceedings, Part I
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12509

Founding Editors
Gerhard Goos
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Juris Hartmanis
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Editorial Board Members

Elisa Bertino
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Wen Gao
Peking University, Beijing, China
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Gerhard Woeginger
RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Moti Yung
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/series/7412
George Bebis Zhaozheng Yin
• •

Edward Kim Jan Bender

• •

Kartic Subr Bum Chul Kwon

• •

Jian Zhao Denis Kalkofen

• •

George Baciu (Eds.)

Advances in
Visual Computing
15th International Symposium, ISVC 2020
San Diego, CA, USA, October 5–7, 2020
Proceedings, Part I

123
Editors
George Bebis Zhaozheng Yin
University of Nevada Reno Stony Brook University
Reno, NV, USA Stony Brook, NY, USA
Edward Kim Jan Bender
Drexel University RWTH Aachen University
Philadelphia, PA, USA Aachen, Germany
Kartic Subr Bum Chul Kwon
University of Edinburgh IBM Research – Cambridge
Edinburgh, UK Cambridge, MA, USA
Jian Zhao Denis Kalkofen
University of Waterloo Graz University of Technology
Waterloo, ON, Canada Graz, Austria
George Baciu
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong, Hong Kong

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
ISBN 978-3-030-64555-7 ISBN 978-3-030-64556-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64556-4
LNCS Sublibrary: SL6 – Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, and Graphics

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
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 Preface

It is with great pleasure that we welcome you to the proceedings of the 15th Inter-
national Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC 2020), which was held virtually
during October 5–7, 2020. ISVC provides a common umbrella for the four main areas
of visual computing including vision, graphics, visualization, and virtual reality. The
goal is to provide a forum for researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners
throughout the world to present their latest research findings, ideas, developments, and
applications in the broader area of visual computing.
This year, the program consisted of 6 keynote presentations, 16 oral sessions, 2
poster sessions, 2 special tracks, and 1 tutorial. We received 175 submissions for the
main symposium from which we accepted 65 papers for oral presentation and 41
papers for poster presentation. Special track papers were solicited separately through
the Organizing and Program Committees of each track. A total of 12 papers were
accepted for oral presentation from 18 submissions.
All papers were reviewed with an emphasis on the potential to contribute to the state
of the art in the field. Selection criteria included accuracy and originality of ideas,
clarity and significance of results, and presentation quality. The review process was
quite rigorous, involving three independent blind reviews followed by several days of
discussion. During the discussion period we tried to correct anomalies and errors that
might have existed in the initial reviews. Despite our efforts, we recognize that some
papers worthy of inclusion may not have been included in the program. We offer our
sincere apologies to authors whose contributions might have been overlooked.
We wish to thank everybody who submitted their work to ISVC 2020 for review. It
was because of their contributions that we succeeded in having a technical program of
high scientific quality. In particular, we would like to thank the keynote speakers, the
program chairs, the Steering Committee, the International Program Committee, the
special track organizers, the tutorial organizers, the reviewers, the sponsors, and
especially the authors who contributed their work to the symposium. In particular, we
would like to express our appreciation to Springer for sponsoring the Best Paper Award
this year.
Despite all the difficulties due to the pandemic, we sincerely hope that ISVC 2020
offered participants opportunities for professional growth.

October 2020 George Bebis

Zhaozheng Yin
Edward Kim
Jan Bender
Kartic Subr
Bum Chul Kwon
Jian Zhao
Denis Kalkofen
George Baciu
 Organization

Steering Committee
George Bebis University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Sabine Coquillart Inria, France
James Klosowski AT&T Labs Research, USA
Yoshinori Kuno Saitama University, Japan
Steve Lin Microsoft, USA
Peter Lindstrom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Kenneth Moreland Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Ara Nefian NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Ahmad P. Tafti Mayo Clinic, USA

Computer Vision Chairs

Zhaozheng Yin Stony Brook University, USA
Edward Kim Drexel University, USA

Computer Graphics Chairs

Jan Bender RWTH Aachen University, Germany
Kartic Subr The University of Edinburgh, UK

Virtual Reality Chairs

Denis Kalkofen Graz University of Technology, Austria
George Baciu The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

Visualization Chairs
Jian Zhao University of Waterloo, Canada
Bum Chul Kwon IBM Research, USA

Publicity
Ali Erol Eksperta Software, Turkey

Tutorials and Special Tracks

Emily Hand University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Alireza Tavakkoli University of Nevada, Reno, USA
viii Organization

Awards
Zehang Sun Apple, USA
Gholamreza Amayeh Aurora, USA

Web Master
Isayas Berhe Adhanom University of Nevada, Reno, USA

Program Committee
Nabil Adam Rutgers University, USA
Emmanuel Agu Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
Touqeer Ahmad University of Colorado Colorado Springs, USA
Alfonso Alba Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
Kostas Alexis University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Usman Alim University of Calgary, Canada
Amol Ambardekar Microsoft, USA
Mehdi Ammi University Paris 8, France
Mark Apperley University of Waikato, New Zealand
Antonis Argyros Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas,
Greece
Vijayan K. Asari University of Dayton, USA
Aishwarya Asesh Adobe, USA
Vassilis Athitsos The University of Texas at Arlington, USA
Melinos Averkiou University of Cyprus, Cyprus
George Baciu The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Chris Holmberg Bahnsen Aalborg University, Denmark
Abdul Bais University of Regina, Canada
Abhishek Bajpayee Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Peter Balazs University of Szeged, Hungary
Selim Balcisoy Sabanci University, Turkey
Reneta Barneva State University of New York at Fredonia, USA
Ronen Barzel Independent
Fereshteh S Bashiri University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
Aryabrata Basu Emory University, USA
Anil Ufuk Batmaz Simon Fraser University, Canada
George Bebis University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Jan Bender RWTH Aachen University, Germany
Ayush Bhargava Key Lime Interactive, USA
Harsh Bhatia Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Sanjiv Bhatia University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA
Mark Billinghurst University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Ankur Bist G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,
India
Ayan Biswas Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
 Organization ix

Dibio Borges Universidade de Brasília, Brazil

David Borland RENCI, The University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, USA
Nizar Bouguila Concordia University, Canada
Alexandra Branzan Albu University of Victoria, Canada
Jose Braz Pereira EST Setúbal, IPS, Portugal
Wolfgang Broll Ilmenau University of Technology, Germany
Gerd Bruder University of Central Florida, USA
Tolga Capin TED University, Turkey
Bruno Carvalho Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Sek Chai SRI International, USA
Jian Chang Bournemouth University, UK
Sotirios Chatzis Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
Rama Chellappa University of Maryland, USA
Cunjian Chen Michigan State University, USA
Yang Chen HRL Laboratories, LLC, USA
Zhonggui Chen Xiamen University, China
Yi-Jen Chiang New York University, USA
Isaac Cho North Carolina A&T State University, USA
Amit Chourasia University of California, San Diego, USA
Kichung Chung Oracle Corporation, USA
Sabine Coquillart Inria, France
Andrew Cunningham University of South Australia, Australia
Tommy Dang Texas Tech University, USA
Aritra Dasgupta New York University, USA
Jeremie Dequidt University of Lille, France
Sotirios Diamantas Tarleton State University, USA
Alexandra Diehl University of Konstanz, Germany
John Dingliana Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Cosimo Distante CNR, Italy
Ralf Doerner RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Anastasios Doulamis Technical University of Crete, Greece
Shengzhi Du Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Ye Duan University of Missouri, USA
Soumya Dutta Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Achim Ebert University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
Christian Eckhardt California Polytechnic State University, USA
Mohamed El Ansari Ibn Zohr University, Morocco
El-Sayed M. El-Alfy King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals,
Saudi Arabia
Barrett Ens Monash University, Australia
Alireza Entezari University of Florida, USA
Ali Erol Sigun Information Technologies, UK
Thomas Ertl University of Stuttgart, Germany
Mohammad Eslami Technical University of Munich, Germany
Guoliang Fan Oklahoma State University, USA
x Organization

Mona Fathollahi University of South Florida, USA

Amanda Fernandez The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
Matteo Ferrara University of Bologna, Italy
Nivan Ferreira Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
Francesco Ferrise Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Rony Ferzli Intel, USA
Julian Fierrez Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
Robert Fisher The University of Edinburgh, UK
Gian Luca Foresti University of Udine, Italy
Steffen Frey Visualisierunsginstitut der Universität Stuttgart,
Germany
Antonio Frisoli Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Italy
Ioannis Fudos University of Ioannina, Greece
Issei Fujishiro Keio University, Japan
Radovan Fusek VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
Fabio Ganovelli Visual Computing Laboratory, ISTI-CNR, Italy
Xifeng Gao Florida State University, USA
M. Gavrilova University of Calgary, Canada
Krzysztof Gdawiec University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
Robert Geist Clemson University, USA
Daniela Giorgi ISTI-CNR, Italy
Randy Goebel University of Alberta, Canada
Wooi-Boon Goh Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Roberto Grosso Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Germany
Miguel Angel Guevara University of Minho, Portugal
Lopez
Hanqi Guo Argonne National Laboratory, USA
David Gustafson Kansas State University, USA
Hans Hagen University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
Felix Hamza-Lup Georgia Southern University, USA
Emily Hand University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Xuejun Hao Columbia University, USA
Mohammad Ahsanul Haque Aalborg University, Denmark
Brandon Haworth University of Victoria, Canada
Aleshia Hayes University of North Texas, USA
Anders Heyden Lund University, Sweden
Harry Hochheiser University of Pittsburgh, USA
Eric Hodgson Miami University, USA
Jing Hua Wayne State University, USA
Muhammad Hussain King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
José A. Iglesias Guitián University of A Coruña, Spain
Atsushi Imiya IMIT, Chiba University, Japan
Kei Iwasaki Wakayama University, Japan
Yun Jang Sejong University, South Korea
Michael Jenkin University of York, UK
 Organization xi

Stefan Jeschke NVIDIA, USA

Ming Jiang Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Sungchul Jung HIT Lab NZ, New Zealand
Stefan Jänicke Leipzig University, Germany
Denis Kalkofen Graz University of Technology, Austria
Ho Chuen Kam The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
George Kamberov University of Alaska Anchorage, USA
Gerda Kamberova Hofstra University, USA
Martin Kampel Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Takashi Kanai The University of Tokyo, Japan
Kenichi Kanatani Okayama University, Japan
David Kao NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Hirokatsu Kataoka National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Japan
Rajiv Khadka Idaho National Laboratory, USA
Waqar Khan Wellington Institute of Technology, New Zealand
Deepak Khosla HRL Laboratories, USA
Edward Kim Drexel University, USA
Hyungseok Kim Konkuk University, South Korea
Kangsoo Kim University of Central Florida, USA
Min H. Kim Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
South Korea
James Klosowski AT&T Labs Research, USA
Steffen Koch University of Stuttgart, Germany
Stefanos Kollias National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Takashi Komuro Saitama University, Japan
Dimitris Kosmopoulos University of Patras, Greece
Jens Krueger COVIDAG, SCI Institute, USA
Arjan Kuijper TU Darmstadt, Germany
Yoshinori Kuno Saitama University, Japan
Tsz Ho Kwok Concordia University, Canada
Bum Chul Kwon IBM Research, USA
Hung La University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Robert Laganière University of Ottawa, Canada
Yu-Kun Lai Cardiff University, UK
Robert S Laramee Swansea University, UK
Manfred Lau City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
D. J. Lee Brigham Young University, UK
Gun Lee University of South Australia, Australia
Robert R. Lewis Washington State University, USA
Frederick Li Durham University, UK
Xin Li Louisiana State University, USA
Kuo-Chin Lien XMotors.ai, USA
Chun-Cheng Lin National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Stephen Lin Microsoft, China
xii Organization

Peter Lindstrom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA

Shiguang Liu Tianjin University, China
Zhanping Liu Old Dominion University, USA
Manuel Loaiza Universidad Católica de San Pablo, Peru
Benjamin Lok University of Florida, USA
Leandro Loss QuantaVerse, ITU, USA, and ESSCA, France
Joern Loviscach University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Aidong Lu University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
Xun Luo Tianjin University of Technology, China
Brendan Macdonald National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
USA
Sokratis Makrogiannis Delaware State University, USA
Luigi Malomo ISTI-CNR, Italy
Steve Mann University of Toronto, Canada
Kulsoom Mansoor University of Washington Bothell, USA
Rafael M. Martins Linnaeus University, Sweden
Yoshitaka Masutani Hiroshima City University, Japan
Sherin Mathews McAfee, USA
Kresimir Matkovic VRVis Research Center, Austria
Stephen Maybank Birkbeck, University of London, UK
Tim Mcgraw Purdue University, USA
Tim McInerney Ryerson University, Canada
Henry Medeiros Marquette University, USA
Qurban Memon United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Daniel Mestre Aix-Marseille University, France
Jean Meunier University of Montreal, Canada
Xikui Miao Brigham Young University, UK
Gabriel Mistelbauer Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany
Kenneth Moreland Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Shigeo Morishima Waseda University, Japan
Brendan Morris University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Michela Mortara CNR-IMATI, Italy
Chouaib Moujahdi Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
Christos Mousas Purdue University, USA
Chris Muelder University of California, Davis, USA
Soraia Musse Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Roi Grande do Sul,
Brazil
Kawa Nazemi Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Ara Nefian NASA, USA
Quang Vinh Nguyen Western Sydney University, Australia
Mircea Nicolescu University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Christophoros Nikou University of Ioannina, Greece
Mark Nixon University of Southampton, UK
Junyong Noh Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
South Korea
Klimis Ntalianis University of West Attica, Greece
 Organization xiii

Scott Nykl Air Force Institute of Technology, USA

Yoshihiro Okada Kyushu University, Japan
Gustavo Olague CICESE, Mexico
Francisco Ortega Florida International University, USA
Francisco Ortega Colorado State University, USA
Masaki Oshita Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Volker Paelke Hochschule Bremen, Germany
Kalman Palagyi University of Szeged, Hungary
Alex Pang University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
George Papagiannakis University of Crete, Greece
George Papakostas EMT Institute of Technology, Greece
Michael Papka Argonne National Laboratory and Northern Illinois
University, USA
Giuseppe Patanè CNR-IMATI, Italy
Maurizio Patrignani Roma Tre University, Italy
Shahram Payandeh Simon Fraser University, Canada
Helio Pedrini University of Campinas, Brazil
Jaako Peltonen Tampere University, Finland
Euripides Petrakis Technical University of Crete, Greece
Bill Pike Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
Claudio Pinhanez IBM Research, Brazil
Giuseppe Placidi University of L’Aquila, Italy
Vijayakumar Ponnusamy SRM Institute of Science and Technology, India
Kevin Ponto University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
Jiju Poovvancheri University of Victoria, Canada
Nicolas Pronost Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
Helen Purchase The University of Glasgow, UK
Hong Qin Stony Brook University, USA
Christopher Rasmussen University of Delaware, USA
Emma Regentova University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
Guido Reina University of Stuttgart, Germany
Erik Reinhard InterDigital, USA
Banafsheh Rekabdar Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA
Paolo Remagnino Kingston University, UK
Hongliang Ren National University of Singapore, Singapore
Benjamin Renoust Osaka University, Japan
Theresa-Marie Rhyne Consultant
Eraldo Ribeiro Florida Institute of Technology, USA
Peter Rodgers University of Kent, UK
Paul Rosen University of South Florida, USA
Isaac Rudomin BSC, Spain
Amela Sadagic Naval Postgraduate School, USA
Filip Sadlo Heidelberg University, Germany
Punam Saha University of Iowa, USA
Naohisa Sakamoto Kobe University, Japan
Kristian Sandberg Computational Solutions, Inc., USA
xiv Organization

Alberto Santamaria Pang General Electric Research, USA

Nickolas S. Sapidis University of Western Macedonia, Greece
Muhammad Sarfraz Kuwait University, Kuwait
Andreas Savakis Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Fabien Scalzo University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Jacob Scharcanski UFRGS, Brazil
Thomas Schultz University of Bonn, Germany
Jurgen Schulze University of California, San Diego, USA
Muhammad Shahzad National University of Sciences and Technology,
Pakistan
Puneet Sharma Uit The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
Mohamed Shehata Memorial University, USA
Hubert P. H. Shum Durham University, UK
Adalberto Simeone KU Leuven, Belgium
Gurjot Singh Fairleigh Dickinson University, USA
Robert Sisneros University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Alexei Skurikhin Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Pavel Slavik Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Jack Snoeyink The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Fabio Solari University of Genoa, DIBRIS, Italy
Paolo Spagnolo CNR, Italy
Jaya Sreevalsan-Nair IIIT Bangalore, India
Diane Staheli Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Chung-Yen Su National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
Kartic Subr The University of Edinburgh, UK
Changming Sun CSIRO, Australia
Zehang Sun Apple, USA
Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood IBM Almaden Research Center, USA
Carlo H. Séquin University of California, Berkeley, USA
Ahmad Tafti Mayo Clinic, USA
Tieniu Tan Institute of Automation, CAS, China
Jules-Raymond Tapamo University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Alireza Tavakkoli University of Nevada, Reno, USA
João Manuel R. S. Tavares FEUP, INEGI, Portugal
Daniel Thalmann Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Switzerland
Holger Theisel Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany
Yuan Tian InnoPeak Technology, USA
Yan Tong University of South Carolina, USA
Thomas Torsney-Weir Swansea University, UK
Mehmet Engin Tozal University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA
Gavriil Tsechpenakis Indiana University and Purdue University, USA
 Organization xv

Stefano Tubaro Politecnico di Milano, Italy

Georg Umlauf HTWG Konstanz, Germany
Georg Umlauf University of Applied Science Constance, Germany
Daniela Ushizima Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
Dimitar Valkov University of Münster, Germany
Krishna University of Rhode Island, USA
Venkatasubramanian
Jonathan Ventura California Polytechnic State University San Luis
Obispo, USA
Athanasios Voulodimos University of West Attica, Greece
Chaoli Wang University of Notre Dame, USA
Cuilan Wang Georgia Gwinnett College, USA
Benjamin Weyers University of Trier, Germany
Thomas Wischgoll Wright State University, USA
Kin Hong Wong The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Panpan Xu Bosch Research North America, USA
Wei Xu Brookhaven National Lab, USA
Yasuyuki Yanagida Meijo University, Japan
Fumeng Yang Brown University, USA
Xiaosong Yang Bournemouth University, UK
Hsu-Chun Yen National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Lijun Yin State University of New York at Binghamton, USA
Zhaozheng Yin Stony Brook University, USA
Zeyun Yu University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
Chunrong Yuan Technische Hochschule Köln, Germany
Xiaoru Yuan Peking University, China
Xenophon Zabulis FORTH-ICS, Greece
Jiri Zara Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Wei Zeng Florida International University, USA
Zhao Zhang Hefei University of Technology, China
Jian Zhao University of Waterloo, Canada
Ye Zhao Kent State University, USA
Ying Zhu Georgia State University, USA
Changqing Zou University of Maryland, USA
Ignacio Zuleta University of California, San Francisco, USA

Special Tracks
Computational Bioimaging
Organizers
Tavares João Manuel R. S. Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Jorge Renato Natal Universidade do Porto, Portugal
xvi Organization

Computer Vision Advances in Geo-Spatial Applications and Remote Sensing

Organizers
Nefian Ara NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Nestares Oscar Intel Research, USA
Edwards Laurence NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Zuleta Ignacio Planet Labs, USA
Coltin Brian NASA Ames Research Center, USA
Fong Terry NASA Ames Research Center, USA

Tutorial
Evolutionary Computer Vision
Organizers
Olague Gustavo CICESE Research Center, Mexico
Abstracts of Keynote Talks
 Can Computers Create Art?

Aaron Hertzmann

Adobe Research, USA

Abstract. In this talk, I will discuss whether computers, using Artificial Intel-
ligence (AI), could create art. I cover the history of automation in art, examining
the hype and reality of AI tools for art together with predictions about how they
will be used. I will also discuss different scenarios for how an algorithm could
be considered the author of an artwork, which, I argue, comes down to questions
of why we create and appreciate artwork.
 Spatial Perception and Presence in Virtual
Architectural Environments

Victoria Interrante

University of Minnesota, USA

Abstract. Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) technology has tremendous potential

applications in architecture and design. In this talk I will review some of the
work being done in my lab to enhance the utility of VR for architecture and
design applications, focusing primarily on the investigation of factors
influencing spatial perception accuracy in immersive architectural environments,
but also including the use of VR technology to investigate questions of interest
to architectural and interior designers such as how wallpaper patterns and
window features affect people’s subjective experience in architectural interiors.
 The Shape of Art History in the Eyes
of the Machine

Ahmed Elgammal

Rutgers University, USA

Abstract. In this talk, I will present results of research activities at the Art and
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Rutgers University. We investigate per-
ceptual and cognitive tasks related to human creativity in visual art. In particular,
we study problems related to art styles, influence, and the quantification of
creativity. We develop computational models that aim at providing answers to
questions about what characterizes the sequence and evolution of changes in
style over time. The talk will cover advances in automated prediction of style,
how that relates to art history methodology, and what that tells us about how the
machine sees art history. The talk will also delve into our recent research on
quantifying creativity in art in regards to its novelty and influence, as well as
computational models that simulate the art-producing system.
 Object-Oriented Image Stitching

Ramin Zabih

Cornell University’s New York City and Google, USA

Abstract. Image stitching is one of the most widely used applications of

computer vision, appearing in well-known applications like Google Street View
and panorama mode in commercial cell phones. However, despite the preva-
lence of artifacts and errors, there has been little to no progress in stitching
research over the last ten years. There is no generally accepted evaluation metric
and relatively few attempts to directly deal with large view point changes or
object movement. We describe a reframing of stitching that exploits the
importance of objects, and the algorithmic and evaluation techniques that nat-
urally result. We will also present a technique that directly addresses the most
visually disruptive stitching errors and can act as an alarm bell for these errors in
stitching results. These ideas can be naturally extended to the panorama algo-
rithms widely used in smartphones. Joint work with Charles Herrmann, Chen
Wang, Richard Bowen, and Emil Keyder, from Cornell Tech and Google
Research.
 Fun with Visualization in the Data Deluge

Ross Maciejewski

Arizona State University, USA

Abstract. From smart phones to fitness trackers to sensor enabled buildings,

data is currently being collected at an unprecedented rate. Now, more than ever,
data exists that can be used to gain insight into questions that run the gamut from
nonsensical to essential. One key technology for gaining insight into data is
visualization. In this talk, we will explore how visualization can be leveraged to
help us entertain fun and unique questions in the data deluge. We will inves-
tigate how social media can help us predict the next blockbuster film, how much
information does your name carry, how Google Street View can open a world of
questions for urban planners, and more. By thinking about fun questions for
datasets, we will demonstrate how visual computing can help build
cross-domain collaborations, paving the way to discover new insights and
challenges.
 Understanding Visual Appearance
from Micron to Global Scale

Kavita Bala

Cornell University, USA

Abstract. Augmented reality/mixed reality (AR/MR) technologies are poised to

create compelling and immersive user experiences by combining computer
vision and computer graphics. Imagine users interacting with the world around
them through their AR device. Visual search tells them what they are seeing,
while computer graphics augments reality by overlaying real objects with virtual
objects. AR/VR can have a far-ranging impact across many applications, such as
retail, virtual prototyping, and entertainment.
In this talk, I will describe my group’s research on these complementary
areas: graphics models for realistic visual appearance, and visual search and
fine-grained recognition for scene understanding. We will also see how these
technologies can go beyond AR/VR applications to enable visual discovery –
using recognition as a core building block, we can mine social media images at a
global scale to discover visual patterns and trends across geography and time.
 Contents – Part I

Deep Learning

Regularization and Sparsity for Adversarial Robustness

and Stable Attribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Daniel Schwartz, Yigit Alparslan, and Edward Kim

Self-Competitive Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Iman Saberi and Fathiyeh Faghih

A Novel Contractive GAN Model for a Unified Approach Towards

Blind Quality Assessment of Images from Heterogeneous Sources . . . . . . . . 27
Tan Lu and Ann Dooms

Nonconvex Regularization for Network Slimming: Compressing CNNs

Even More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Kevin Bui, Fredrick Park, Shuai Zhang, Yingyong Qi, and Jack Xin

Biologically Inspired Sleep Algorithm for Variational Auto-Encoders . . . . . . 54

Sameerah Talafha, Banafsheh Rekabdar, Christos Mousas,
and Chinwe Ekenna

A Deep Genetic Programming Based Methodology for Art Media

Classification Robust to Adversarial Perturbations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Gustavo Olague, Gerardo Ibarra-Vázquez, Mariana Chan-Ley,
Cesar Puente, Carlos Soubervielle-Montalvo, and Axel Martinez

rcGAN: Learning a Generative Model for Arbitrary Size

Image Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Renato B. Arantes, George Vogiatzis, and Diego R. Faria

Sketch-Inspector: A Deep Mixture Model for High-Quality Sketch

Generation of Cats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Yunkui Pang, Zhiqing Pan, Ruiyang Sun, and Shuchong Wang

Depthwise Separable Convolutions and Variational Dropout within

the context of YOLOv3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Joseph Chakar, Rayan Al Sobbahi, and Joe Tekli

Uncertainty Estimates in Deep Generative Models Using

Gaussian Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Kai Katsumata and Ryoga Kobayashi
xxvi Contents – Part I

Segmentation

Towards Optimal Ship Navigation Using Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Bekir Sahin, Zia Uddin, and Ahmet Soylu

Overscan Detection in Digitized Analog Films by Precise Sprocket

Hole Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Daniel Helm and Martin Kampel

Pixel-Level Corrosion Detection on Metal Constructions by Fusion of Deep

Learning Semantic and Contour Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Iason Katsamenis, Eftychios Protopapadakis, Anastasios Doulamis,
Nikolaos Doulamis, and Athanasios Voulodimos

CSC-GAN: Cycle and Semantic Consistency for Dataset Augmentation . . . . . 170

Renato B. Arantes, George Vogiatzis, and Diego R. Faria

Improvements on the Superpixel Hierarchy Algorithm with Applications

to Image Segmentation and Saliency Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Marcos J. C. E. Azevedo and Carlos A. B. Mello

Visualization

Referenced Based Color Transfer for Medical Volume Rendering . . . . . . . . . 197

Sudarshan Devkota and Sumanta Pattanaik

An Empirical Methodological Study of Evaluation Methods Applied

to Educational Timetabling Visualizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Wanderley de Souza Alencar, Walid Abdala Rfaei Jradi,
Hugo Alexandre Dantas do Nascimento, Juliana Paula Felix,
and Fabrízzio Alphonsus Alves de Melo Nunes Soares

Real-Time Contrast Enhancement for 3D Medical Images Using

Histogram Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Karen Lucknavalai and Jürgen P. Schulze

Flow Map Processing by Space-Time Deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Thomas Wilde, Christian Rössl, and Holger Theisel

GenExplorer: Visualizing and Comparing Gene Expression Levels

via Differential Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Chau Pham, Vung Pham, and Tommy Dang
 Contents – Part I xxvii

Video Analysis and Event Recognition

An Event-Based Hierarchical Method for Customer Activity Recognition

in Retail Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Jiahao Wen, Luis Guillen, Muhammad Alfian Amrizal, Toru Abe,
and Takuo Suganuma

Fully Autonomous UAV-Based Action Recognition System Using

Aerial Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Han Peng and Abolfazl Razi

Hierarchical Action Classification with Network Pruning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Mahdi Davoodikakhki and KangKang Yin

An Approach Towards Action Recognition Using Part Based

Hierarchical Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Aditya Agarwal and Bipasha Sen

ST: Computational Bioimaging

Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for the Detection of Microscopic

Fusarium Oxysporum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Josh Daniel L. Ong, Erinn Giannice T. Abigan, Luis Gabriel Cajucom,
Patricia Angela R. Abu, and Ma. Regina Justina E. Estuar

Offline Versus Online Triplet Mining Based on Extreme Distances

of Histopathology Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Milad Sikaroudi, Benyamin Ghojogh, Amir Safarpoor, Fakhri Karray,
Mark Crowley, and Hamid R. Tizhoosh

Multi-label Classification of Panoramic Radiographic Images

Using a Convolutional Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Leonardo S. Campos and Denis H. P. Salvadeo

Ink Marker Segmentation in Histopathology Images Using Deep Learning . . . 359

Danial Maleki, Mehdi Afshari, Morteza Babaie, and H. R. Tizhoosh

P-FideNet: Plasmodium Falciparum Identification Neural Network . . . . . . . . 369

Daniel Cruz, Maíla Claro, Rodrigo Veras, Luis Vogado, Helano Portela,
Nayara Moura, and Daniel Luz

Applications

Lightless Fields: Enhancement and Denoising of Light-Deficient

Light Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Carson Vogt, Geng Lyu, and Kartic Subr
xxviii Contents – Part I

FA3D: Fast and Accurate 3D Object Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Selameab S. Demilew, Hamed H. Aghdam, Robert Laganière,
and Emil M. Petriu

Generalized Inverted Dirichlet Optimal Predictor for Image Inpainting . . . . . . 410

Omar Graja, Fatma Najar, and Nizar Bouguila

BVNet: A 3D End-to-End Model Based on Point Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Nuo Cheng, Xiaohan Li, Shengguang Lei, and Pu Li

Evaluating Single Image Dehazing Methods Under Realistic

Sunlight Haze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Zahra Anvari and Vassilis Athitsos

Biometrics

Deep Partial Occlusion Facial Expression Recognition via Improved CNN . . . 451
Yujian Chen and Shiguang Liu

Towards an Effective Approach for Face Recognition with DCGANs

Data Augmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Sirine Ammar, Thierry Bouwmans, Nizar Zaghden, and Mahmoud Neji

Controlled AutoEncoders to Generate Faces from Voices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Hao Liang, Lulan Yu, Guikang Xu, Bhiksha Raj, and Rita Singh

Gender and Age Estimation Without Facial Information from Still Images . . . 488
Georgia Chatzitzisi, Michalis Vrigkas, and Christophoros Nikou

Face Reenactment Based Facial Expression Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Kamran Ali and Charles E. Hughes

Motion and Tracking

Coarse-to-Fine Object Tracking Using Deep Features

and Correlation Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Ahmed Zgaren, Wassim Bouachir, and Riadh Ksantini

Asynchronous Corner Tracking Algorithm Based on Lifetime of Events

for DAVIS Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Sherif A. S. Mohamed, Jawad N. Yasin,
Mohammad-Hashem Haghbayan, Antonio Miele, Jukka Heikkonen,
Hannu Tenhunen, and Juha Plosila

TAGCN: Topology-Aware Graph Convolutional Network

for Trajectory Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Arindam Biswas and Brendan Tran Morris
 Contents – Part I xxix

3D Articulated Body Model Using Anthropometric Control Points

and an Articulation Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Chenxi Li and Fernand Cohen

Body Motion Analysis for Golf Swing Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

Jen Jui Liu, Jacob Newman, and Dah-Jye Lee

Computer Graphics

Simulation of High-Definition Pixel-Headlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

Mirko Waldner and Torsten Bertram

ConcurrentHull: A Fast Parallel Computing Approach to the Convex

Hull Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Sina Masnadi and Joseph J. LaViola Jr.

A Data-Driven Creativity Measure for 3D Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

Manfred Lau and Luther Power

Virtual Reality

Walking in a Crowd Full of Virtual Characters: Effects of Virtual Character

Appearance on Human Movement Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Michael G. Nelson, Angshuman Mazumdar, Saad Jamal, Yingjie Chen,
and Christos Mousas

Improving Chinese Reading Comprehensions of Dyslexic Children via VR

Reading: A Step Towards Tackling Dyslexia with Top-Down Teaching. . . . . 630
Billy C. Y. Fu, Zackary P. T. Sin, Peter H. F. Ng, and Alice Cheng-Lai

Improving User Experience in Augmented Reality Mirrors

with 3D Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
Gun A. Lee, Hye Sun Park, Seungwon Kim, and Mark Billinghurst

Passenger Anxiety About Virtual Driver Awareness During a Trip

with a Virtual Autonomous Vehicle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
Alexandros Koilias, Christos Mousas, Banafsheh Rekabdar,
and Christos-Nikolaos Anagnostopoulos

Investigating the Effects of Display Fidelity of Popular Head-Mounted

Displays on Spatial Updating and Learning in Virtual Reality. . . . . . . . . . . . 666
Bryson Rudolph, Geoff Musick, Leah Wiitablake, Kelly B. Lazar,
Catherine Mobley, D. Matthew Boyer, Stephen Moysey, Andrew Robb,
and Sabarish V. Babu
xxx Contents – Part I

ST: Computer Vision Advances in Geo-Spatial Applications

and Remote Sensing

Natural Disaster Building Damage Assessment Using

a Two-Encoder U-Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
William Ermlick, Nick Newman, Devayani Pawar, Tyler Richardett,
Christian Conroy, James Baldo, Rajesh Aggarwal, and Marc Bosch

Understanding Flooding Detection Using Overhead Imagery - Lessons

Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Abdullah Said, Omar Shaat, Po-Hsuan Su, Philip Bogden, Robert Kraig,
and Marc Bosch

Hyperspectral Image Classification via Pyramid Graph Reasoning . . . . . . . . . 707

Tinghuai Wang, Guangming Wang, Kuan Eeik Tan, and Donghui Tan

Semi-supervised Fine-Tuning for Deep Learning Models in Remote

Sensing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
Eftychios Protopapadakis, Anastasios Doulamis, Nikolaos Doulamis,
and Evangelos Maltezos

Scene Classification of Remote Sensing Images Based on ConvNet

Features and Multi-grained Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731
Ronald Tombe, Serestina Viriri, and Jean Vincent Fonou Dombeu

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

Another random document with
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No. Expended in this Service for Boats Freight, and 28 4 0
25 other Charges in embarking the Troops, Landing
and reimbarking them from time to time as
occasion required, subsistence to them and for
Information, Guides, etc.

Feb Expended in providing Boats at Leith and Horses

. at Kinghorn for carrying with the utmost
174 Expedition a Quantity of Ammunition for the Army
5/6 at Perth by Order of Lord Justice Clarke of the 8th
No. February
26
1 15 0

Upon the arrival of the Hessian Troops in the River

Forth the 8th February: The Prince of Hesse having sent
Colonel Steuart[623] to Lord Justice Clarke to know
where they were to disembark; Mr. Grosett was
thereupon directed by His Lordship to proceed with the
utmost expedition to the Duke then at Perth to acquaint
His Royal Highness thereof,[624] and to know his
Pleasure, [whether they should disembark at Leith, or be
ordered to the North]; And Mr. Grosett having by three in
the morning received his Royal Highness’s Directions to
prepare for disembarking them at Leith he immediately
returned to Lord Justice Clarke with these Directions.

No. Expended in this Service for Boats Freight to and

27 from Kinghorn, and for Horses from that to and
from Perth, and Coach Hire betwixt Leith and
Edinburgh 2 15 0

[As Aberdeen, Montrose, Inverness, and the other

Places in the North, through which the Army was to
march are supply’d with Coals for fireing from the Ports
in the River Forth, and as no Coals were allowed to go
there while the Rebells were in Possession of these
Places they were in that Country in so great want of
fireing that the Army under the Duke could not march
from Perth till this Want was supply’d, and] As those who
were employed to provide the Army with Coals had in
vain endeavoured it, and the Duke having directed Lord
Justice Clark to be acquainted with the difficulties they
were in Mr. Grosett together with Mr. Henry[625] were
thereupon sent by his Lordship’s Directions of the 11th
February[626] to all the Ports and Creeks upon the River
Forth, and got immediately a considerable Number of
Ships and Vessells loden with Coals, and sent them to
the different Ports and Places in the North where the
Army was to be, and who by these means were instantly
well supply’d, and enabled to March, when and where
his Royal Highness thought proper.

No. Expended in this Service

28
690

Feb The Duke having ordered Blyth’s

., [627]
174 Regiment with about Four hundred Men of
5/6 different Corps to be sent by sea from Leith to join
the Army in the North; Mr. Grosett by Direction of
Lord Justice Clarke of the 23rd February got
proper Transports prepared for that purpose, shipt the
necessary Provisions, and embarked the men, and
which was oblig’d to be done in the night by sending
them three Miles in Boats from the Harbour to the Road
of Leith to prevent the Transports being neaped in the
Harbour.

No. Expended in this Service and sending the Horses

29 of the Regiment from Leith to Kinghorn by water,
they being ordered to go from thence by Land to
the Army 880
Mar The Transports being put back after they had
ch, sailed, and got near their Port and being detained
174 by contrary Winds in the Road of Leith Mr.
5/6 Grosett got them supply’d by order of Lord
Justice Clarke with additional Stores of Provisions
and Boats for bringing on shore such of the
recovered Men of the different Corps as had fallen Ill by
their confinement.

No. Expended in this Service

30
640

Mar The Duke having ordered a considerable

ch, Quantity of Biscuits to be sent him to the North in
174
5/6
order to their being carry’d along with the Army as
they marched into the Highlands Mr. Grosett by
Direction of Lord Justice Clarke of the 6th March
got a sufficient Quantity for that purpose from the Castle
put up in proper Casks and Baggs, and immediately sent
off in to Vessells from Leith, which he had provided for
that Service.

No. Expended in this Service

31
4 13 0

The Duke having sent Directions to Lord Justice

Clarke to provide 10 Boats of 20 and 30 Tons Burthen to
attend the Army with Provisions and other necessaries
as they marched along the Coasts, and as they were
immediately wanted: Mr. Grosett by his Lordships Order
of the 11th March[628] went to the proper Places where
these Boats and small Vessells were to be had and sent
them directly away to his Royal Highness, under the care
of Mr. M‘Gill Commander of one of the Kings Boats at
Leith to whom Mr. Grosett by order of Lord Justice
Clarke gave Ten Pounds towards paying his Expenses.

No. Expended in this Service

32
12 18 0

Mar The Transports with the Troops for the North

ch, being put back a second time and a great number
174
5/6
of the recovered men falling sick again by their
confinement the Duke ordered them to be taken
o’shore and sent across the Forth from Leith to
Kinghorn in Boats and to march from that by Land, which
Mr. Grosett did accordingly on the 14th March.

No. Expended in this Service

33
430

Lord Justice Clarke having received an Express from

his Grace the Duke of Newcastle with a letter from
General Price at Berwick dated 16th March[629]
acquainting His Grace that he had received Information
from a sure hand that Corn from Northumberland and the
adjacent Counties were carried to Wooler a Town 14
Miles from Berwick, and from thence Westward between
Stirling and Dumbarton Castle, and privately embarked
on the River Clyde, and sent thro’ the Western Islands to
Lochaber for the use of the Rebells; Mr. Grosett was
thereupon desired by Lord Justice Clarke to go to
Sterling and from thence across the Country to
Dumbarton Castle, and along the coast to all the Ports
and Creeks on the River Clyde as well to enquire
particularly into the Truth of this Information as to leave
proper Orders and Directions at the Places above
mentioned to prevent Provisions of any sort being carried
from thence to the Rebells and which Mr. Grosett did
accordingly, but did not find that any provisions had gone
that way.

No. Expended in this Service having rode about Two

34 hundred miles therein.
11 18 0

Apri Lord Justice Clarke having upon the 4th of

l, April received an Express from Brigadier Genl.
174
6
Price Governor of Berwick giving an Account that
three large and one smaller Men of War had
appeared off Holy Island and as they made no
Return to the proper Signals that were made them from
that place, and King’s Sloops and Boats that were
cruizing there they believed them to be French Men of
War come to the Assistance of the Rebells and as this
Account was confirmed by an Express from Mr.
Castlelaw, Collector at Dunbar, and Mr. Fall one of the
Magistrates there; and that these ships were come within
the Mouth of the Forth Mr. Grosett at the Desire of the
Lord Justice Clarke went thereupon in the Night and
acquainted the Commanders of the Men of War then
lying in the Road of Leith thereof. But as they were of no
Force to make head against them, these with the other
Ships in the Road prepared to slip their Cables, and
proceed farther up the Firth, upon the approach of the
Men of War above mentioned; After this Mr. Grosett with
the assistance of the Custom House and several fishing
Boats, which he forced out from Newhaven in the night
went in quest of these Men of War, to know certainly
what they were, and next day found them to be Dutch
Men of War to whom the proper Signals had not been
given upon their leaving Holland.

No. Expended in this Service 5 15 0

35
Apri The Duke having sent Orders to the Earl of
l,
174 Home[630] who at this time commanded the
6 Troops that lay at Edinburgh to forward with the
utmost Expedition to the North the Four
Thousand recovered Men of different Corps that
were come there from England, Mr. Grosett at his
Lordship’s and Lord Justice Clarkes desire went and
provided proper Transports, and saw the men embarked
and sent off to his Royal Highness, agreeable to Lord
Home’s Order of the 15th April 1746.[631]

No. Expended in this Service, and for Boats to

36 embark the men in the Road of Leith.
6 10 0

Apri The Transports with these men being detained

l, in the Road of Leith by Contrary Winds, and
174
6
Doctor Maxwell who had the care of the Hospital,
having apply’d to Lord Justice Clarke for an
additional Transport, to put the weakest and most
sickly of the men by themselves Mr. Grosett, was desired
to provide one, and which he did accordingly.

No. Expended in this Service and for Boats employed

37 in removing the men and provisions from one
ship to another.
4 12 0

Commodore Smith[632] upon his Arrival in the Firth of

Forth with the Ships of War under his command being
ordered to proceed to the Orkneys, with these and the
other Ships, and Sloops of War then in the Road of Leith
to prevent their getting assistance from France or making
their Escape from these Coasts and Islands; and having
thereupon apply’d to Lord Justice Clarke to provide him
with proper Pilots for each of the Ships that were to go
on that Service: Mr. Grosett by his Lordship’s Directions
went and got them immediately provided from different
Ports.

No. Expended in this service

38
480

Apri The Great Coats, Blankets, Shoes, Shirts,

l, Waistcoats, Gloves, etc., given by different
174
6
Companies and Corporations in Presents to the
Army being sent to the Care of Lord Justice
Clarke,[633] Mr. Grosett by his Lordships
Directions received and saw them duely forwarded from
time to time to the Army.

No. Expended in this Service

39
10 5 0

His Royal Highness the Duke having directed Lord

Justice Clarke to be apply’d to for his assistance in
procuring what should from time to time be found
necessary for the Army in general; and in particular for
the more speedy embarkation of the Hessian Troops,
and the Four British Regiments ordered for Flanders,
and in getting the Clothing of Major General Wolf’s
Regiment[634] forwarded in the most expeditious manner
from Leith to Perth that Regimt. being upon Receipt
thereof ordered to march to Burnt Island to embark there
with the other British Regiments. Mr. Grosett by his
Lordship’s Directions accordingly assisted Colonel
Steuart and others in procuring what was from time to
time found necessary for these purposes.
 No. Expended in this Service
40
780

That besides the services above mentioned Mr.

Grosett was during the Course of the Rebellion
constantly employed by Lord Justice Clarke in the
extraordinary affairs of the Government at this ... to
answer all Imergence ... ty for his keeping Horses at
different ... and as some of them fell into the hands of the
Rebells, and others were lost by hard Riding and other
accidents.

No. Expended on this Account and sundry other

41 Services during the Course of the Rebellion not
mentioned in the Above Articles.
110 0 0
Total Money Expended. 662 11 0
Received of the above Sum from Genl. Guest to Acct. 105 0 0
Ballance 557 11 0

Wal: Grosett.

N.B.—Mr. Grosett being from the first Breaking out of the

Rebellion employed in so open and remarkable a manner in the
service of the Government created against him the particular Ill will
of the Jacobites and their Adherents and who on that account took
every Opportunity of shewing their Resentment against him, they
plundered his House in the Town of Alloa, and in the Country carried
off effects to a very great value, drove all the Cattle from off his
Estate, forced the Payment of the Rents thereof to them, stript his
wife and children of the very cloathes they had on, and used
otherways in a most inhuman manner.
‘Brunstane, 4th Septem. 1747.
 ‘I do certify that Mr. Grosett was employ’d by me in the
service of the Government in the several matters above
mentioned, and also on other occasions and was zealous
and active in the Execution of whatever was committed to
his care.
‘(Signed)
And. Fletcher,
Lord Justice Clarke.’
N.B.—These Services ... forth and Certify’d in a Pap ...
Cope, the Generals Guest, ... syde and Hawley and by
Lord Home.
Nothing charged for trouble and loss of time, etc.
[This postscript is too torn to decipher accurately but it refers to
the ‘Narrative’ which bears this docquet]:—
We have perused the above Narrative, and do hereby
certify that the same is true so far as regards us
respectively,
R. Handasyde.
Home. H. Hawley.
Jos. Guest.
Jno. Cope.
LETTERS AND ORDERS FROM THE
CORRESPONDENCE OF WALTER
GROSSETT
I
The Lord Advocate to Walter Grossett and others
By the Honl Robt. Craigie Esqr His Majesties Advocate
General
These are ordering and requiring you and each of you
to concur in sending all Vessells of whatever kind upon the
North and Southsides of the Firth from Stirling to Kinghorn
to the Harbours of Leith and Borristounness and in case of
resistance you are to use force in making the Order
effectual Given under my Hand at Edinburgh this ninth day
of Sepr 1745 yeare.
Rob: Craigie.
To all Sherriffs Justices of Peace
Magistrats of Burghs and all
others his Majesties Leedgeses.
Mr. Grosett the Coll. at Alloa has Special Directions to
See this order put in Execution.
Rob: Craigie.

II
Lieutenant-General Handasyde to Walter Grossett
By the Honble Roger Handasyde Esqr Lieutenant
General and Commander in Cheif of All His Majesty’s
 Forces, in North Britain etc.
Whereas it has been found Injurious to His Majesty’s
Service that any Boats shou’d pass from Leith to Kinghorn
or from Kinghorn to Leith, These are therefore Requiring
All Magistrates, Justices of the Peace, Constables and
Others concerned to be Aiding and Assisting to you in
bringing all the Passage Boats and Yauls from Kinghorn
and all other places on the North Side of the Forth to the
Harbour of Leith where they are to be kept till His
Majesty’s Service shall allow of their being returned to
their Respective Ports.
Given under my hand at Edinburgh this 26th Novemr
1745.
R: Handasyde.
To Walter Grosett Esqr Collector of
His Majesty’s Customs.

III
Lieutenant-General Handasyde to Walter Grossett
By the Honble Roger Handasyd Esqr. Leutt General and
Commander in Chief of all His Majs Forces in North
Brittain.
Whereas it has been found Injurious to His Majesties
Service that any Boats should pass from the North or
South sides of the Forth or that any Vessells whatever
should be allowed to remain upon the North side of the
said River These are therefore requiring all Magistrats,
Justices of the Peace, Constables and others concerned
to be aiding and assisting to you in Stoping the said
passage and removeing all Boats and Vessells whatever
from the North to the South Side of the Forth from
Kinghorn to Stirling Bridge and in case of resistance or
refussall to Burn or otherwise Destroy such Boats and
Vessells as shall after due Intimation made be found upon
the North Side of the said River.
Given under my Hand at Edinburgh this 27th November
1745.
R: Handasyde.
To Walter Grosett Esqr, Collr of His
Majesties Customs at Alloa, and
one of His Majs Justices of ye
Peace.

IV
The Commissioners of Customs to Walter Grossett
Mr. Grosett.
Inclosed We send You for Your Government and
Direction, a Copy of a Letter from the Lord Justice Clerk
and General Guest Commander in Chief of His Majestys
Forces in Scotland, Containing an order and Instructions
for bringing over all Ships, Vessels, Boats and Yoals of all
sorts and sizes lying in the Harbours and Creeks betwixt
Stirling Bridge and St Andrews inclusive on the North side
of the Frith with their Apparel and Furniture, and for laying
them up in the several Harbours therein Specified on the
South side of the Frith, and in the Execution of these
Directions and Instructions, all Officers whatsoever under
Our direction, are to give You their utmost assistance
when required so to do, as they will answer the Contrary
at their Peril, and You are particularly to apply to the
respective Officers in the several Ports and Precincts for
their Aid and Information. The General having given
proper orders to the Captain of the Milford Man of war to
concur and assist You in this Servise, You are to meet and
Concert with him proper measures for the Effectual
Execution thereof. We are,
 Your Loving Friends,
Co: Campbell.
Alex Arbuthnott.
Rd. Somers.

Customho Edinbr
8th Decemr 1745. }
Collr Alloa.
Enclosure to No. IV.
Edinbr Decemr 9th 1745.
Gentlemen—We think it absolutely necessary for the
Good and Service of the Government at this Conjuncture,
that all the Ships, Vessels, Boats and Yoals of all sorts and
Sizes, with their Apparel and Furniture, in all Harbours and
Creeks etc. betwixt Stirling Bridge and St Andrews
inclusive on the North side of the Frith of Forth, be brought
over and Moord in the several Harbours of Dunbar, Leith,
Queensferry and Borrowstoness, and these on the South
side of the said River, betwixt Cramond and Eymouth be
Carried to Leith and Dunbar, as the Persons to be
Employed by You in the Execution hereof, shall Judge to
be most Conveneint, all to remain in these respective
Harbours untill further orders; We therefore earnestly
recommend it to You as proper Judges, to Nominate and
Appoint such of Your Officers under Your Direction and
Government to Execute our Orders as You shall think
most fit to be Employed for the doing of so necessary a
Duty, And as some former Orders of this Nature have not
been observed and obeyed so punctually as Directed for
want of other proper Assistance, We do therefore hereby
direct and ordain all Magistrates of Burghs Justices of the
Peace, Constables etc. within the respective bounds
aforesaid, laying aside all Excuses whatsoever, to be
aiding and assisting to the Person or Persons that are
possessed of Copys hereof, and of Your Instructions given
by You to them, as they will be answerable upon their
highest Peril; and in Case any of the Proprietors or others
Concerned in said Ships etc. as abovementd shall not
forthwith Comply with these Our orders, Then the Persons
so Employed are hereby ordained to burn and Destroy the
same, where any objections or refusals are made to obey
and Comply herewith, and the aforesaid Copys hereof
with your Instructions as above, shall be to them a
Sufficient Warrant for destroying of the above Ships etc.
not doubting of Your Compliance and Concurrence, We
are,
And: Fletcher.
Sign’d
{ Jos: Guest.
N.B.—Buys Boat who has been often Employed in
transporting of Rebels frequently, should be burnt out of
hand.
Honble Commrs of the Customs Edr.

V
Lieutenant-General Guest to Walter Grossett
Edenburgh December the 15th 1745.
Sr,—I agree to your hiring the Borrowstness Ship at
the Rate you mention, provided the owners dont insist on
my Insuring her from the Enemy, for that I cant consent to
—if they comply, you’l immediatly station her at Higgins
Nook, and Nicol at Carse’s Nook, or wherever they can be
best placed for His Majestys Service. You’l give them
positive Derections to be very carefull, in watching both
sides the River, and sending immediat Intelligence to the
Ld Justice Clerk, on discovering any Motions of the
Enemy.
 You’l consider the Ship is not ensured now, and is in as
much, or more danger than when employd by his Majesty.
—I am Sr your most Obedt humble Servant,
Jos: Guest.

VI
Walter Grossett to the Commissioners of Customs
Hond. Sirs,—In Obedience to your directions of the
8th Instant Inclosing an Order and Warrand from Lord
Justice Clerk and General Guest Commander in chief of
the Forces in Scotland, for bringing over all Ships,
Vessells and Boats, lying in any of the Harbours or
Creeks, betwixt Stirling and S: Andrews on the North side
of the Firth, to the Harbours therein specified on the south
side thereof, and for Burning or destroying the ships and
Vessells etc., of such of the Proprieters thereof as should
refuse to comply with these Orders; I have with the
assistance of the Kings Boats at Queensferry and
Borristounness, and two Boats Crews belonging to the
Happy Janet stationed off Queensferry, removed,
disabled, or destroyed, all Boats and Vessells that lay
betwixt Stirling and Aberdour. But as the doing of this,
would not have hinder the Rebell Army from geting a
Cross the River, while Boats and Vessells were allowed to
remain at the severall Creeks in Carron Water, and at
Hargens Nuik Airth, and Elphingstone, and other Creeks
on the south side of the Forth betwixt Borristounness and
Stirling; I therefore proceeded to these places, and
prevailed with severall of the Proprieters of Boats and
Vessells there, to remove them from thence, but as some
of them refused to comply, by reason of their not being
included in the Order and Warrand above mentioned, I am
therefore Humbly of Opinion, that Lord Justice Clerk and
General Guest should be applyed to, for a Warrand for the
removing or destroying of them. And as there are at this
time at Alloa, a considerable quantity of Deals and Learge
Loggs of Wood, of 30 or 40 feet in Length, of which Floots
may not only easely be made, for the Transporting of Men,
Horses etc.; from the one side of the River to the other,
but upon which Flooting Batteries may be reased, to move
from place to place, to play upon such of His Majesties
Forces or others, who may be employed in Defending the
Banks of the River, to prevent the Landing of the Rebells.
It is therefore Humbly submitted, how far it may be thought
proper at this Juncture, to have these Deals and Loggs
removed from Alloa. If this is approven off, what I would
propose as the easiest method of removing them, would
be to put them on Board of Vessells, to ly at
Borristounness till the danger is over. With this view I
spook to several shipmasters of my acquaintance, (who I
knew to be good Whiggs and well wishers to the common
Cause) on Tuesday last at Borristounness, and who at my
request, readily agreed to take them on Board their
Vessells, upon their only being paid the Charges they
should be put to in going to Alloa to Load and unload
them. All which is Humbly Submitted by Hon: Sirs Your
Hors Most Obedt Huml Servt
Wat: Grosett.
Edinburgh 16th Decr 1745.
Endorsements.
16th Decr 1745.
Mr. Grosett to wait upon the Justice Clerk and Genl
Guest with this Lre. and to Report their Opinion.
W. H. for the Secry.
The Board approve Mr. Grosetts Conduct and Zeal in
this whole Affair and his proposal is agreed to if the Lord
Justice Clerk and Genl Guest think proper.
W. H. for the Secretary.
 VII
The Commissioners of Customs to Walter Grossett,
forwarding approval of Lord Justice Clerk and General
Guest
Edinburgh 16th Decr 1745.
We approve of Mr. Grosetts Conduct and proposalls
and desire the Board of Customs may give him the proper
directions for puting the same in Execution and for which
end a proper Warrant shall be granted by us.
And Fletcher.
Jos: Guest.
Mr. Grosett
Having considered the above Approbation of the Lord
Justice Clerk and General Guest, We heartily agree with
the same and direct you to proceed accordingly, having
first obtained their Warrant for the purposes as mentioned
in Your Letter of this date.
Co: Campbell.
Alexr Arbuthnott.
Rd. Somers.
Custom Ho Edinburgh
16th December 1745.

VIII
The Lord Justice Clerk to Walter Grossett
(Holograph but not signed)
Pray forward the Inclosed, and get all Stirling shire in
Arms immediately, If Ld Home approves G. Blackney will
give arms—raise ye Hue and Cry—Cause the Sherriff
distribute ye papers yt comes wt ys bearer.
 Go on and prosper.
Edr 19th Decr 1745.
I have paid none of the Expresses yt they may make
more hast but given every one two shills. wch is not to be
deducted out of yr hire if they make Speed.

IX
Lieutenant-General Guest to Walter Grossett
Joshua Guest Esqr Lieut. General and Commander in
Cheif of all His Majesty’s Forces, Castles, Forts and
Barracks in North Britain etc.
His Majesty’s Service Requiring that all Vessells and
Boats of whatever Size be instantly removed out of the
Harbours of Borrostouness, Queensferry, Leith or any
where else upon the South Coast of the Forth betwixt
Leith and Stirling, Those at Borrostouness and
Queensferry to the Road of Borrostouness or Such other
place or places as you shall think most for His Majesty’s
Service at this Juncture; those at Leith to the Road of
Leith or such other place as you shall judge most proper
for said Service; These are therefore Authorizing and
Empowering you to put the said order in Execution, and to
which purpose the Commanders of His Majesty’s Ships of
War or others employ’d in the Kings Service, are hereby
Required to give you their Utmost Assistance, as are all
Magistrates, Justices of the Peace, Constables, and all
other Persons, Civil or Military whom these may Concern.
A Copy hereof sign’d by you shall be a sufficient warrant
to any Person required or empower’d by you in the
Execution hereof as they will answer to the Contrary at
their highest Peril.
Given at Edinburgh the 21st day of Decemr 1745.
Jos: Guest.
 To Walter Grosett Esqr Collector of
His Majesty’s Customs.

X
Lieutenant-General Guest’s Directions
Directions for the Master of the Boat that goes to
Borrostouness.
Edinburgh 22d Decem. 1745.
He is to sail directly for Borrostouness, lye out in the
Road of that place and send in his Boat or yawl, to
Collector Grosett who is there and get directions from him
how he is to dispose of his Cargo, part of which is to go to
Stirling Viz. the 9 pounders Cannon Ball, Spunges, etc.
The Pouder and small Cannon Ball is for the use of the
Jean of Alloa, and Pretty Janet, that are stationed near
that place or at Higgens Nuik. The Biscuit which is to be
taken in at Leith from Mr. Walker is to be disposed of at
Bosness as Mr. Grosett will direct. In case of any accident
of your not meeting with Mr. Grosett, I desire Cap. Knight
of the Happy Janet may forward im̅ ediately the 9 pound
Cannon Ball, Spunges etc. to Stirling, where General
Blakeney has present occasion for them.
Jos: Guest.
To the Master of the Boat Order’d to
sail for Borrostouness.

XI
Captain Knight R.N. to Walter Grossett
Sir,—Having Sent 7 pounds of powder, 20 Sheets fine
paper made in Cartridges and 15 pounds Musquet Shot to
be used, if occasion required it, by my people in
preventing the Rebells passage at Higgens-Nook, which I
understand you gaue to John Peirson Master of the Pretty
Jennett, I desire you will be pleased to procure an Order
from General Guest to me for supplying these Ordnance
Stores to him, with his Ricept to Alexander Wedderburn
Master of the Armed Vessel under my Command of the
Same, and to transmit both to me at this place with the
first opportunity.—I am Sir, Your very humble Servant,
Jno. Knight.
Happy Jennett Queensferry Road
22d December 1745.
Walter Grosett Esq. Collector of his
Majts Customs at Alloa.

XII
Lieutenant-General Guest to Walter Grossett
Joshua Guest Esqr Lieut. General and Commander in
Cheif of all His Majesty’s Forces, Castles, Forts and
Barracks in North Britain etc.
His Majesty’s Service Requiring that a number of
Vessells and Boats be hired for Transporting of His
Majesty’s Forces, These are therefore authorizing and
Empowering you to hire such a number of Vessells and
Boats and make such agreement with them as you shall
judge necessary at this Juncture, and I hereby oblige
myself to make good such agreement, for which this shall
be your Warrant. Given at Edinburgh this 22d December
1745.
Jos: Guest.
To Walter Grosett Esqr Collector of
His Majesty’s Customs.