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 The R.A.M.S. Library of
Alchemy

Volume 21

Alchemical Symbols
by

Philip N. Wheeler

R.A.M.S. Publishing Company

Alchemical Symbols

Alchemical Symbols
by

Philip N. Wheeler

Produced by

Restorers of Alchemical Manuscripts Society

R.A.M.S. Publishing Company

2
 Philip N. Wheeler

R.A.M.S. Publishing Company

7309 East 102nd Street
Kansas City Missouri 64134

The R.A.M.S. Library of Alchemy, Volume 21:

Alchemical Symbols
Copyright © 2018 Althea Productions LLC

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including but not limited to any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from
Althea Productions LLC.
Reviewers may quote brief passages.

First Edition 2007

Second Edition 2011
Third Edition 2015
Fourth Edition 2018

ISBN-13 978-1723544491
ISBN-10 1723544493

Image Processing by Philip N. Wheeler

Printed in the United States of America

3
Alchemical Symbols

Table of Contents
Disclaimer ....................................................................................................... 7

Introduction .................................................................................................... 8

Alchemical Symbols .................................................................................... 10

A Table of Chymical & Philosophical Characters ................................... 86

Scheele’s Chemical Symbols ....................................................................... 88

Table of Symbols from Dissertation on Elective Attractions ..................... 93

Gematria ........................................................................................................ 94

Basic Gematria .............................................................................................. 95

Anglicized Hebrew Letters ......................................................................... 98

Gematria Dictionary .................................................................................... 99

Glossary of Latin Terms ............................................................................ 116

Conversion Factors .................................................................................... 122

Abbreviations ............................................................................................. 124

References of Interest................................................................................. 125

A French Alchemical Romance and Adventure .................................... 126

A Word from the Publisher ...................................................................... 148

The R.A.M.S. Library of Alchemy ........................................................... 150

4
 Philip N. Wheeler

5
Alchemical Symbols

Dedicated to Hans W. Nintzel,

American Alchemist

and

Founder of the

Restorers of Alchemical Manuscripts Society

(R.A.M.S.)

6
 Philip N. Wheeler

Disclaimer

Liability: The publisher does not warrant or assume any legal liability
or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any
information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed. The publisher
makes no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the
contents of this book and specifically disclaims any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be
created or extended by written sales materials or sales representatives.
You should obtain professional consultation where appropriate. The
publisher shall not be liable for any loss of profit or other commercial or
personal damages, including but not limited to special, incidental,
consequential, or other damages.

This book is sold for informational purposes only. Neither the publisher
nor the editor shall be held accountable for the use or misuse of the
information in this book.

7
Alchemical Symbols

Introduction
Philip N. Wheeler

This is the fourth edition of Alchemical Symbols. The purpose of

this revision is to add more symbols, correct a small number of errors,
and improve the overall layout of the text. We believe this to be the most
comprehensive presentation of alchemical symbols available.

Portions of the following symbol tables appeared in the “Last

Will and Testament” of Basilius Valentinus in the seventeenth century.
That table has been augmented with symbols from other sources
including the "Alchemist’s Handbook" by Frater Albertus, Dom Antoine
Joseph Pernety’s “The Great Art”, Stanislas Klossowski de Rola’s
“Alchemy: The Secret Art,” information taken from the works of
Agrippa and John Read, symbols from the Bacstrom Manuscripts, and
many other sources. For details please see the References section.

The second part of this work is a dictionary of basic Gematria.

For those desirous of seeking possible hidden meaning in the
alchemistical writings through the Qabalah, the Hebrew of key
alchemically-oriented words is presented along with the numerical
equivalences. Following that is a short Glossary of Latin Terms of
interest to students of alchemy, tables of common conversion factors,
and a list of abbreviations.

Alchemical symbols, or glyphs, are found in most of the writings

on alchemy. Although many symbols can be quickly understood, an
exact meaning for some symbols can be difficult to determine. Often it
depends upon the context in which it is used. For example, the following

8
 Philip N. Wheeler

symbol means Sun (Sol, Earth’s sun) or Gold (Aurum; the metallic
element Au):

This can make the study of symbol-laden alchemical texts more difficult.
One should not rush to judgment on the meaning of a particular symbol
in a given passage or as part of an emblem. The symbols must be read
and interpreted within the context of the original work. This is
especially important given the fact the text of many books were typeset
by hand; I have seen examples where a symbol was inverted. For

example, instead of , which I have seen in original printings of

Hazelrigg’s “Book of Formulas.”
I have arranged the symbols such that when there are several
symbols with essentially the same meaning, the one that I believe to be
the most common is shown first. Almost every symbol or symbol group
starts with the symbols rendered by a vector-graphics computer
program, and thereafter follows an example of the symbol(s) as
painstakingly collected from Alchemical texts.
Finally, Hans Nintzel’s “A French Alchemical Romance and
Adventure” is included, its first appearance in print.

9
Alchemical Symbols

Alchemical Symbols

10
 Philip N. Wheeler

Prima
Mercury Mind.

Salt Base matter or body.

Sulphur Spirit.

Classical Elements
Air Hot and Wet.
Sanguine.

Earth Cold and Dry.

Melancholy.

Fire Hot and Dry. Choleric.

Water Cold and Wet.

Phlegmatic.

11
Alchemical Symbols

Planets and Metals

Sun Gold

Moon Silver

Mercury Mercury

Venus Copper

Mars Iron

Jupiter Tin

Saturn Lead

12
 Philip N. Wheeler

Zodiac
Aries Calcination.

Taurus Congelation.

Gemini Fixation.

Cancer Dissolution (Solution)

Leo Digestion.

Virgo Distillation.

Libra Sublimation.

Scorpio Separation.

Sagittarius Incineration.

Capricorn Fermentation.

Aquarius Multiplication.

Pisces Projection.

13
Alchemical Symbols

A
Acētum Acetum is the Latin word for vinegar. Vinegar
consists of from 3 to 9% acetic acid.

Acētum Distilled vinegar.

distillatum

Aes Ustum A copper or brass cremator.

14
 Philip N. Wheeler

Air Hot and Wet. Sanguine. One of the 4 classical

elements. Latin: Aer.

Alcohol Ethanol, C 2 H 5 OH, often distilled from wine. A

volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. Sometimes
referred to as Spirits.

Alembic Alembicum Vitrum, a glass vessel for laboratory

work.

Alkali, common Can be Salt of Kali, Kali Mur, Potassium Chloride.

15
Alchemical Symbols

Alkali, common A fixed common alkali. See Fixation.

fixed

Alkali, common Possibly ammonia.

volatile

Aludel A pot used for sublimation.

Aluminum Alumen. Chemical element with symbol Al and

atomic number 13.

16
 Philip N. Wheeler

Amalgam Rebis; double matter. Mercury alloy.

Amalgamate Amalgamare. Amalgamation.

Ammoniac Sal ammoniac. Ammoniatum. Ammonium

carbonate (Hartshorn), or Ammonium chloride.

Air Hot and Wet. Sanguine. One of the 4 classical

elements. The Latin word is Aer.

17
Alchemical Symbols

Ana In equal parts.

Annus Annual. Year.

Antimony Element: Sb (Latin: stibium); atomic number: 51.

Antimony, Oil of An alchemical preparation.

Aqua Water. Chemical compound H 2 O.

18
 Philip N. Wheeler

Aqua Fortis Nitric acid, HNO 3 .

Aquarius Multiplication. Sometimes this might be salt nitre.

Aqua Regia A mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

Aqua Vitae Water of Life

19
Alchemical Symbols

Arena Sand.

Argentum Latin word for Silver. The Moon. Luna.

Argentum Vivum Quicksilver. Also ssee Mercury.

Aries A Zodiac sign. Calcination. Rarely means

Antimony.

20
 Philip N. Wheeler

Arsenic Arsenicum. Chemical element with symbol As.

Ashes Cinis is Latin for Ash.

Asphaltum A form of asphalt (or bitumen) with a relatively high

melting temperature. Also see Congelation.

21
Alchemical Symbols

Attramentum Black ink.

Aunus Unknown.

Aurichalcum Orichalcum. A type of bronze or brass metal alloy

known as early as 400 B.C.

Aurum Latin word for Gold. Sol. The Sun.

Aurum Gold color.

Pigmentum

22
 Philip N. Wheeler

Aurum Potable An alchemical preparation of gold.

Azoth Comparable to the symbol for caduceus, the staff

carried by Hermes in Greek mythology.

23
Alchemical Symbols

B
Balneum Maria BM. Balneum Mariæ. Water Bath. Bath of Mary.

Balneum Vaporis BV. Steam bath.

Bismuth Element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83.

Black Ink Also see Attramentum.

Boil The rapid vaporization of a liquid.

Bone A hard tissue; part of the vertebrate skeleton.

24
 Philip N. Wheeler

Borax Sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium

tetraborate.

Brass Metallic alloy of copper and zinc. Aurichalcum.

Orichalcum.

Brick Typically made of clay. Sometimes pulverized.

Bull Astrological sign Taurus. Congelation.

25
Alchemical Symbols

C
Calcination An alchemical process. The first symbol below is
astrological Ares.

Calcine, to An alchemical process.

Calx Oxide.

26
 Philip N. Wheeler

Calx vive Quicklime. Burnt lime. Calcium oxide (CaO).

Camphor A terpenoid with the chemical formula C 10 H 16 O

Cancer Dissolution: the process of dissolving a solute into a

solvent to make a solution. An astrological sign.

27
Alchemical Symbols

Capricorn Fermentation: a metabolic process that consumes

sugar in the absence of oxygen. An astrological sign.

Caput Mortuum Dead head. Substance left over after a chemical

operation such as calcination.

Carbonate A salt of carbonic acid.

Cera Cera alba; bee’s wax.

28
 Philip N. Wheeler

Ceruse Lead acetate.

Chalk A form of limestone composed of the mineral

calcite.

Ciment French word that means Cement.

Cinceres clavellati Crude potassium carbonate

Cinis Ashes.

29
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Branchipus, 25, 35, 233, 242, 511 n.;
thoracic limb, 10;
nervous system, 30;
B. spinosus, habitat, 33;
B. stagnalis, 35;
eggs, 32
Branchiura, 76
Brauer, on development of Scorpions, 263, 301 n., 305
Breeding (see Reproduction)
British forms, of Cladocera, 51;
of Pycnogons, 540
Bronteidae, 249
Bronteus, 228, 235, 249;
B. brongniarti, eye, 229;
B. palifer, eye, 229;
B. polyactin, hypostome, 233;
B. irradians, macula, 233
Brood-pouch, of Cladocera, 46, 47;
of Peracarida, 118
Broteas, 308
Broteochactas, 308
Brünnich, 502
Buckler, 330
Bucranium, 414
Bulb, of palpal organ of Spiders, 322
Bumastus, 235, 236, 249
Bunodella, 279
Bunodes, 279
Buthidae, 306
Buthinae, 306
Buthus, 306;
B. occitanus, 299, 300, 302
Bythotrephes, 38, 54;
reproduction, 47;
B. cederströmii, 42

Cabiropsidae, 130
Caecidotea nickajackensis, habitat, 210;
C. stygia, habitat, 210
Caeculinae, 472
Caeculus, 472
Calamistrum, 326, 354, 385, 392, 399, 410
Calanidae, 57
Calanus, 57;
C. finmarchicus, distribution, 203, 204;
C. hyperboreus, 55, 56, 58
Calappa, 187;
respiration, 186;
habitat, 198;
distribution, 201;
C. granulata, 186
Calappidae, 187
Calathocratus, 452
Calathura brachiata (Anthuridae), Duplorbis parasitic on, 95
Calicurgus annulatus, 369
Caligidae, 73
Caligus nanus, 74;
C. rapax, 74;
C. lacustris, 74
Callianassa, 167;
habitat, 198;
 C. subterranea, 167;
gut, 14
Callianassidae, 167
Callinectes, 191;
C. sapidus, 191
Calman, on classification of Crustacea, 112, 113
Calocalanus plumulosus, 58
Caloctenus, 418
Calommata, 391
Calymene, 225, 230, 235, 249;
C. senaria, 236;
C. tuberculata, 224
Calymenidae, 247
Calyptomera, 38, 51
Calyptopis, larva of Euphausia pellucida, 144
Cambaroides, distribution, 213
Cambarus, 157;
hermaphroditism, 103;
distribution, 213;
C. stygius, distribution, 213
Camerostome, 452
Campbell, 327
Camptocercus, 53;
C. macrurus, 48
Cancer, 191;
C. pagurus, 191
Cancerilla, 68;
C. tubulata, 68
Cancridae, 191
Candace, 60;
 C. pectinata, 60
Candacidae, 60
Candona, 107;
C. reptans, 107
Canestrini, 464
Canthocamptus, 62;
habitat, 206
Capitulum, of Cirripedia, 81;
of Acarina, 457, 468, 471
Caponia natalensis, 395
Caponiidae, 395
Caponina, 395
Caprella acutifrons, 140;
C. grandimana, 139
Caprellidae, 139
Carapace, of Phyllopoda, 19 f.;
of Cladocera, 38;
absence of, in Copepoda, 55;
of Malacostraca, 114
Carcinoplacidae, 195
Carrinoscorpius, 277;
C. rotundicauda, 277
Carcinus, 191;
C. maenas, 188, 191;
gut, 14;
respiration, 189, 190;
distribution, 198;
Portunion parasitic in, 135;
Sacculina parasitic on, 96
Cardisoma, 196;
distribution, 201
Caridea, 158, 163;
 metamorphosis, 161
Caridina, 163;
C. nilotica, distribution, 212
Carniola, caves of, 34
Carpenter, on segmentation of Arthropods, 6, 263;
on affinities of Trilobites, 242;
on Irish Pycnogons, 540
Caruncle, 470
Caspian Sea, Crustacea of, 215
Caspiocuma, 121
Catometopa, 193 f.;
habits, 194, 195
Catophragmus, 91
Caudal organs, 311
Caullery, on Liriopsidae, 132 n.
Causard, 332
Cavanna, 520
Cecrops, 74
Cenobita, 181;
relation to Birgus, 176
Cenobitidae, 181
Centropages hamatus, 203;
C. typicus, distribution, 203
Centropagidae, 58
Centropelma, 416
Centropleura, 247
Centrurinae, 306
Centrurus, 306
Cephalic shield, 223
Cepheus ocellatus, 467
Cerataspis, 162
Ceratolichas, 252
Ceratopyge, 247
Cercophonius, 308
Ceriodaphnia, 37, 39, 51
Ceroma, 429
Chactas, 308
Chactidae, 306, 307
Chaerilidae, 306, 307
Chaerilus, 307
Chaetolepas, 89
Chaetonymphon, 536;
C. hirtipes, 541;
C. hirtum, 509, 541;
C. macronyx, 506;
C. spinosissimum, 541, 542;
C. tenellum, 542
Chaetopelma, 389
Charontinae, 313
Chasmops, 249
Cheeks, of Trilobites, 223, 225
Cheese-mites, 466
Cheiracanthium, 397
Cheiruridae, 250
Cheirurus, 235, 251;
C. insignia, 250;
C. pleurexacanthus, 236
Chelicerae, of Xiphosura, 263 f.;
 of Eurypterida, 285;
of Scorpions, 303;
of Pedipalpi, 309;
of Spiders, 319;
of Palpigradi, 422;
of Solifugae, 426;
of Pseudoscorpions, 432;
of Podogona, 439;
of Phalangids, 443;
of Acarina, 458
Chelifer, 436, 437;
development, 435;
C. cancroides, 437;
C. cyrneus, 437;
C. ferum 437
Chelifera, 122
Cheliferidae, 436
Chelophores, of Pycnogons, 505
Chernes, 432, 436, 437, 438
Chernetes, 430
Chernetidea, 258, 430 f.
Cheyletinae, 473
Cheyletus, 458, 473
Chilaria, 260, 271, 287, 292
Chilobrachys, 390;
C. stridulans, 328, 329
Chilophoxus, 539
Chiltonia, 139;
distribution, 217
Chiridium, 432, 436, 437;
C. museorum, 437
Chirocephalus, 35;
 C. diaphanus, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35
Chlorodinus, habitat, 198
Chlorodius, 191
Chondracanthidae, 72
Chondracanthus zei, 72
Choniostoma, 76
Choniostomatidae, 76
Chthonius, 436, 438
Chun, on phosphorescence and eyes, 150
Chydorus, 54
Cilunculus, 535
Circulatory (= vascular) system, of Crustacea, 11;
of Arachnids, 256;
of Limulus, 268 f.;
of Tardigrada, 482;
of Pentastomida, 491;
of Pycnogons, 516
Cirolana, 126
Cirripedia, 79 f.;
metamorphosis, 80;
anatomy, 83;
sex, 87, 105
Cladocera, 19, 37 f.;
carapace, 38;
dorsal organ, 39;
appendages, 40 f.;
alimentary canal, 42;
heart, 43;
reproduction, 43–50;
British genera, 51–54;
extra-European, 54;
pelagic, 207, 208
Claparède, 331, 462 n.
Clarke, J. M., on the eye of Calymene senaria, 229;
of Harpes, 231
Claus, on Copepoda, 55;
on Nebalia, 111;
on discovery of metamorphosis of Decapods, 153 n.;
on Pycnogonida, 527
Claw-tufts, 389
Clerck, 384, 408 n.
Clibanarius, 181
Clotenia conirostre, 541
Clubiona, 337, 368, 397;
C. compta, 397;
C. corticalis, 396, 397
Clubioninae, 397
Clypeus, 316
Clytemnestra, 61
Coelotes atropos, 416
Cole, 520, 524, 525, 528 n.
Colossendeis, 505, 532;
C. angusta, 542;
C. australis, 533;
C. gibbosa, 534;
C. gigas, 532;
C. gracilis, 505 n.;
C. proboscidea, 505, 508, 510, 533, 542
Colour, adaptation in, of Crustacea, 159
Colulus, 317, 319
Commensalism, of Hermit-crabs, 172;
of Pinnotheres, 195
Complemental males, of Cirripedes, 83, 86, 99, 106
Conchoderma, 88;
C. virgata, 88
Conocephalidae, 247
Conocoryphe, 231, 247;
C. sulzeri, 248
Conocoryphidae, 247
Conolichas, 252
Conothele, 388
Constantia (Macrohectopus), 138;
occurrence, 212
Cook, 425 n.
Copepoda, 55 f.;
fresh-water, 59, 62;
pelagic, 202;
life-cycle of fresh-water, 209
Copilia vitrea, 69, 70
Cordylochele, 506, 537;
C. longicollis, 507;
C. malleolata, 542
Corniger hilgendorfi, 535
Coronula diadema, 91
Corophiidae, 139
Corophium, 139
Corycaeidae, 69
Corystes, 188, 190;
habitat, 198;
C. cassivelaunus, respiration, 170, 189;
metamorphosis, 182, 183
Corystidae, 190
Cosmetidae, 449
Costa, da, 221
Coxal glands, 257;
of Limulus, 270;
of Scorpions, 306;
of Pedipalpi, 311;
of Spiders, 337
Coxopodite, of Trilobites, 237
Crab, Hermit-, 171–173;
River-, 214;
Robber-, 174;
Shore-, 188, 189, 198;
Edible, 188;
Spider-, 191;
Land-, 195;
enemies of, 192
Crab-spiders, 412 (= Thomisidae, q.v.)
Crangon, 164;
C. antarcticus, distribution, 200;
C. franciscorum, distribution, 200;
C. vulgaris, 158, 164;
distribution, 199
Crangonidae, 164;
distribution, 199
Crangonyx, 138
Crayfish, 154, 157;
distribution, 213, 215
Crevettina, 137
Cribellatae, 324, 385, 386 n.
Cribellum, 326, 354, 385, 386, 392, 398, 410
Croneberg, 460
Cruregens, 124;
C. fontanus, habitat, 210
Crustacea, organisation, 1 f.;
segmentation, 5;
appendages, 8 f.;
body-cavity and coelom, 11;
kidneys, 13;
alimentary canal, 14;
reproductive organs, 15;
respiratory organs, 16;
compound eyes, 146;
growth and sex in, 100;
metabolism, 104;
distribution, 197;
pelagic, 202, 207;
littoral, 197, 206;
abyssal, 204, 209;
fresh-water, 205;
subterranean and cave, 209
Crustacés aranéiformes, 501 n.
Cryphaeus, 249
Cryphoeca, 416
Cryptocellus, 439;
C. simonis, 439
Cryptocerus, 414
Cryptoniscidae, 130
Cryptoniscina, 129, 130
Cryptoniscus, larva of Epicarida, 129, 131, 132
Cryptophialus, 92;
C. minutus, 92, 93;
C. striatus, 93
Cryptostemma westermannii, 439
Cryptostemmatidae, 440
Cryptothele, 400
Ctenidae, 418
Cteninae, 418
Cteniza, 388;
C. ariana, 355
Ctenizinae, 388
Ctenocephalus, 247
Ctenophora, 412
Ctenopoda, 51
Ctenopyge, 232, 247
Ctenus, 418
Cucullus, 440
Cuma, 121
Cumacea, 114, 120;
of the Caspian, 215
Cumidae, 121
Cyamidae, 140
Cyamus ceti, 140
Cybaeinae, 415
Cybele, 251
Cyclaspis, 121
Cyclestheria, 37;
C. hislopi, 37
Cyclodorippe dromioides, eyes, 149
Cyclograpsus, 196;
distribution, 200
Cyclometopa, 188 f.;
respiration, 189, 190
Cyclopidae, 61, 62;
subterranean, 209
Cyclops, 62;
 C. fuscus, habitat, 207;
C. strenuus, habitat, 207, 208;
C. stygius, habitat, 210
Cyclosa conica, 409
Cyclosternum, 389
Cydrela, 399
Cymodoce, 126
Cymonomus, 188;
C. granulatus, 185;
eyes, 149, 186;
C. normani, 186;
C. quadratus, 186
Cymothoa, 126;
habitat, 211
Cymothoidae, 126
Cyphaspis, 251
Cyphophthalmi, 443, 444, 447
Cypridae, 107;
subterranean, 209
Cypridinidae, 108
Cypris, 107;
C. reptans, parthenogenesis, 108
Cypris larva, of Cirripedia, 80, 82;
of Sacculina, 97, 99
Cyrtauchenius, 388;
C. elongatus, funnel of, 356
Cythere dictyon, 108
Cytherellidae, 109
Cytheridae, 107
Dactylopisthes digiticeps, 405
Dactylopus tisboides, 62
Daesia, 429
Daesiinae, 429
Dajidae, 130
Dalmanites, 249;
D. imbricatulus, eye, 228;
D. limulurus, 250;
D. socialis, larvae, 240
Danalia curvata, 130, 131, 132
Daphnella, 51;
testes, 44
Daphnia, 37, 38, 39, 51;
ovary, 45, 48;
D. magna, 50;
D. obtusa, 51
Daphniidae, 51;
appendages, 40;
alimentary canal, 42;
reproduction, 48;
reactions, 50
Darwin, on Cirripedia, 80, 85, 86, 92, 94
Dasylobus, 450
Decapoda, 152 f.;
systematic position, 114;
alimentary canal, 14;
pelagic, 202;
subterranean, 210;
Rhizocephala parasitic on, 95, 101;
Bopyridae parasitic on, 133
Dechenella, 251
Decolopoda, 504, 529, 532;
 D. antarctica, 532;
D. australis, 531, 532
Decolopodidae, 531
Defective orb-webs, 349
Deiphon, 235, 251;
D. forbesi, 250
Delena, 414
Delobranchiata, 258, 259 f.
Demodex, 465;
D. folliculorum, 465
Demodicidae, 455, 465
Dendrogaster astericola, 94
Dermacentor, 469
Dermanyssinae, 471
Dermanyssus avium, 471
Dermaturus, 181;
D. hispidus, 178
Desis, 415
Deutovum, 462
Development, of Monstrillidae, 64;
of Cirripedia, 80;
of Rhizocephala, 96;
of Epicarida, 130;
of Stomatopoda, 142;
of Shrimps and Prawns, 159;
of Loricata, 165;
of Hermit-Crabs, 179;
of Brachyura, 181;
of Trilobites, 238 f.;
of Limulus, 275;
of Scorpio, 305;
of Pseudoscorpions, 434;
 of Mites, 462;
of Tardigrada, 483;
of Pentastomida, 493;
of Pycnogons, 520
Diaea, 412;
D. dorsata, 413
Diaphragm, of Solifugae, 427
Diaptomus, 59;
distribution, 208, 216;
D. caeruleus, habitat, 208;
D. castor, habitat, 206;
D. gracilis, habitat, 206
Diastylidae, 121
Diastylis, 121;
D. goodsiri, 121;
D. stygia, 120
Dichelaspis, 88
Dichelestiidae, 68;
classification, 63
Dichelestium, 68
Dick, 363
Dicranogmus, 252
Dicranolasma, 452
Dictyna, 398;
D. arundinacea, 399;
D. uncinata, 399
Dictynidae, 352, 353, 398
Digestive system, = alimentary canal, q.v.
Dikelocephalus, 247
Dimorphism, high and low;
in Decapoda, 103;
in Tanaids, 123
Dindymene, 251
Dinopinae, 410
Dinopis, 410
Dinorhax, 429
Diogenes, 181
Dionide, 245
Diphascon, 485;
D. alpinum, 487;
D. angustatum, 487;
D. bullatum, 487;
D. chilenense, 486, 487;
D. oculatum, 487;
D. scoticum, 487;
D. spitzbergense, 487
Diplocentrinae, 306, 307
Diplocentrus, 307
Diplocephalus bicephalus, 405
Diplostichous eyes, 301
Diplura, 390
Diplurinae, 390
Dipoena, 403
Discoarachne, 512, 535
Distribution, of Crustacea, 197 f.;
(stratigraphical) of Trilobites, 222
Doflein, on eyes of deep-sea Crustacea, 148, 150
Dohrn, 504, 513, 519
Doleschall, 365
Dolichopterus, 283, 291
Doliomelus, 415
Dolomedes fimbriatus, 416
Dolops, 78
Domed webs, 350
Donachochara, 406
Donnadieu, 457
Dorippe, 185, 188
Dorippidae, 188
Doropygus, 66;
D. pulex, 66
Dorsal organ, of Phyllopoda, 22;
of Cladocera, 39
Doublure, 232
Doyère, on Tardigrada, 481;
on their systematic position, 483
Doyeria, 485;
D. simplex, 480, 487
Drassidae, 324, 396
Drassinae, 396
Drassus, 397;
D. lapidosus, 396, 397
Drepanothrix, 53
Dromia, 184;
D. vulgaris, 184
Dromiacea, 183;
metamorphosis, 182;
relation to Macrura, 184;
habitat, 198
Dromidia, distribution, 200
Dromiidae, 184
Drymusa, 393
Dufour, 385
Dujardin, 464 n.;
on systematic position of Tardigrada, 483
Duplorbis, 95;
D. calathurae, 99
Dynomene, 184
Dynomenidae, 184
Dysdera, 394;
D. cambridgii, 394;
D. crocota, 395
Dysderidae, 317, 319, 336, 394
Dysderina, 394
Dysderinae, 394

Ebalia, 188
Echiniscoides, 485;
E. sigismundi, 477, 486
Echiniscus, 480, 485;
E. arctomys, 486;
E. gladiator, 486;
E. granulatus, 486;
E. islandicus, 486;
E. muscicola, 486;
E. mutabilis, 486;
E. oihonnae, 486;
E. quadrispinosus, 486;
E. reticulatus, 486;
E. spinulosus, 479;
E. spitzbergensis, 486;
E. testudo, 478;
E. wendti, 486
Echinoderms, Dendrogaster parasitic on, 94
Echinognathus, 283