Aim: To Prepare And Standardize 0.1M Sulphuric Acid Solution.

Requirements: Conical flask, burette, pipette, volumetric flask, funnel

Reagents: Sulphuric acid, anhydrous sodium carbonate, methyl red

Theory:
Standardization of sulphuric acid is based upon acidimetric alkalimetry (neutralization) titration
using anhydrous sodium carbonate as a primary standard. Sodium carbonate contains varying
amounts of moisture (because of hygroscopic nature) converted to sodium bicarbonate, hence the
sample is heated to 270° C for 1 hour to remove moisture and convert sodium bicarbonate into
sodium carbonate.
In the standardization procedure, Carbonic acid is liberated as a result of neutralization reaction
and it makes solution acidic introducing error. To remove error, boiling is required at the end
point to evolve off carbon dioxide. In this titration, end point detection is carried out by using
methyl red indicator.

Chemical reaction:

Na2 CO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2↑

Factor:
From reaction,
1 mole H2SO4 = 1 mole Na2CO3
1000ml of 1M H2SO4= 106g of Na2 CO3
1ml of 0.1M H2SO4  0.0106g of Na2 CO3

Procedure:
Preparation of 0.1 M sulphuric acid:
Pipette out 5.4 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid (98% w/w) in 1000 ml volumetric flask
containing some amount of distilled water and make up the volume upto the mark with distilled
water.
Standardization of sulphuric acid:
Weigh accurately approximately 0.15 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, dissolve it in 10 ml of
water and add 2-3 drops of methyl red solution. Add the sulphuric acid slowly from a burette
with constant stirring, until the solution becomes only pink. Heat to boiling and titrate further as
necessary until the faint pink colour is no longer affected by continued boiling.
Each ml of 0.1M H2SO4 is equivalent to 0.0106g of Na2CO3.

Result: The exact molarity of prepared 0.1M sulphuric acid is ……………..M.

Preparation of approximately 0.1M sulphuric acid:
We know that if we dissolve 98 g of H2SO4 in 1000 ml, it gives 1M H2SO4. So 9.8g of H2SO4 is
dissolved in 1000 ml of water to give 0.1M H2SO4.But purity of concentrated acid available is
98% w/w It indicates that 98g acid is present in 100 g solution.

For 98 g of acid, 100 g conc. H2SO4 is required

For 9.8 g of acid = ? g of conc. H2SO4 req.

= 10 g of conc. H2SO4

Now, as density of H2SO4 is 1.84 g/ml,

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
density =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 =
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
= 10 /1.84

= 5.4 ml of H2SO4
Thus, to make approximately 0.1M 1000 ml H2SO4, take 5.4 ml conc.H2SO4 (98% purity) and
dilute it upto 1000 ml with distilled water.

Standardization of 0.1M sulphuric acid:

Observations:
Burette: ..x..M sulphuric acid
Conical flask: 0.15g anhydrous sodium carbonate + 10 ml water
Indicator: Methyl red
End point: Yellow to light pink
Observation Table:

Sr. Burette Reading (ml) Average

No. Final Initial Difference (ml)

Burette reading: ………… ml of …x… M sulphuric acid

Calculations:
Each ml of 0.1 M H2SO4 is equivalent to 0.0106g of Na2CO3

1ml of 0.1M H2SO4 0.0106g of Na2CO3

…B.R.…ml of …x… M H2SO4 = 0.15 g Na2CO3

…B.R….. * x * 0.0106 = 1 * 0.1 * 0.15

x = 0.1 * 0.15 / B.R * 0.0106
= …………. M sulphuric acid

OR

Exact molarity of sulphuric acid,

weight in mg of PSC (mg) 1

∗
M = equivalent weight of PSC burette reading (mL)

= 150 / (106 * B.R)

= ……………..M sulphuric acid