Anthropology for NTA UGC NET JRF

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 Previous papers
MCQs with
answers
1000+ Bits
Practice papers

Physical Anthropology MCQs

Archaeological Anthropology MCQs
Social Anthropology MCQs
Practice Paper-1
Practice Paper-2
Practice Paper-3
i
 EVINCEPUB PUBLISHING
Nehru Nagar, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495001
First Published by Evincepub Publishing 2019
Copyright Ganesh Moolinti © 2019
All Rights Reserved.
ISBN: 978-93-89482-85-0
Price: 350 ₹
This book has been published with all reasonable efforts taken to make
the material error-free after the consent of the author. No part of this book
shall be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written
permission from the author, except in the case of brief quotations
embodied in critical articles and reviews. The Author of this book is
solely responsible and liable for its content including but not limited to
the views, representations, descriptions, statements, information, opinions
and references [“Content”]. The Content of this book shall not constitute
or be construed or deemed to reflect the opinion or expression of the
Publisher or Editor. Neither the Publisher nor Editor endorse or approve
the Content of this book or guarantee the reliability, accuracy or
completeness of the Content published herein and do not make any
representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, including
but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fit ness for a
particular purpose. The Publisher and Editor shall not be liable
whatsoever for any errors, omissions, whether such errors or omissions
result from negligence, accident, or any other cause or claims for loss or
damages of any kind, including wi thout limitation, indirect or
consequential loss or damage arising out of use, inability to use, or about
the reliability, accuracy or sufficiency of the information contained in this
book.

ii
Ganesh M

iii
iv
 Contents

X
Preface vii

About the author ix

Previous papers 1

Physical Anthropology MCQs 72

Archaeological Anthropology MCQs 99

Socio-cultural Anthropology MCQs 122

Previous paper-1 148

Previous Paper-2 157

Practice Paper-3 166

v
vi
 Preface
One difficulty that most of the aspirant face is availability of authentic and
reliable source of information. So, we have included only that information
which is verifiable and relevant for the preparation. We have deliberately
limited the contents of the book only to the extent required for the exam. This
will help aspirants to overcome overload of information and make focussed
preparation.
The book is planned to guide the UGC NET/JRF and SLET a spirants in the
discipline of Anthropology. This book has holistically covered syllabus and
meticulously prepared the practice papers for the benefit of aspiring students.
The syllabus has been divided and prepared MCQS diligently keeping exam
standard in mind and these MCQs will help the NET/JRF and SLET aspirants
in practicing and revising the syllabus.
I extend my heartful gratitude to S . V. Abiramasivan and E. Marenna for
giving me their support in finishing the book. I thank to all my friends and
well-wishers who supported me in bringing this book. I am also thankful to
Evincepub publishers for accepting and printing this book.

Thanks
Author
M. GANESH.

vii
viii
 About the Author
Mr. Ganesh Moolinti is an eminent research Scholar in the Department of
Anthropology, University of Hyderabad. He is currently working for his
doctoral thesis in Archaeological anthropology. He holds UGC NET JRF in
Anthropology, completed his Post Graduate degree in Anthropology and
Under Graduation in Bio -technology. His rese arch interests include
Prehistory, Ethnoarchaeology and Field archaeology.

ix
 Previous Papers

1 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF

Anthropology July - 2019 6. Which molecule serves to destabilize the DN A in
order-to open it up to create a replication fork?
a. Helicase
b. Ligase
1. Which one of the following is the cognitive element of c. Polymerase
western culture? d. Gyrase
a. Segmentation
b. Individualism 7. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
c. Caste hierarchy Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
d. Traditionalism Assertion (A): M.N.Srinivas proposed the proce ss of
Sankritization in order to explain the social mobility in a
2. Who described tribal communities as ‘Backward caste society.
Hindus’? Reason (R): Sanskritization term was coined after
a. G.S.Ghurye studying the coorg tribe in south India
b. NIrmal Kumar Bose a. (A) is true and (R) is false
c. Surajit Sinha b. (A) is false and (R) is true
d. Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi c. (A) is false (R) is also false
d. (A) is true (R) is also true
3. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) 8. A married woman died. Her kingroup replaced her with
Assertion (A): Gene flow is an exchange of genetic her sister as spouse for the widower. This custom is
material. known as
Reason (R): Gene flow is the cause of the formation of a. Levirate
genetic isolates. b. Sororate
In the context of above two statements, which of the c. Bride service
following option is correct? d. Bride wealth
a. (A) is wrong and (R) is correct.
b. (A) is correct and (R) is wrong. 9. Match it:
c. Both are correct List I List II
d. Both are incorrect A. Soan (i) B.B. Lal
B. Tinnavely (ii) M. Wheeler
4. Match it: C. Bhramagiri (iii) De Terra and Paterson
List I List II D. Birbhanpur (iv) Zeuner and Allchin
A. Genome I. William Bateson Code:
B. Genomics II.H.W.G. Von Waldeyer A B C D
martz a. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
C. Chromosome III. H. Winkler b. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
D. Genetics IV. T.H. Roderick c. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
Codes: d. (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a. III IV II I 10. Which of the following is a theoretical line to
b. I II IV III demonstrate the a technological difference between the
c. II III IV I early prehistoric tool technologies of the east and west of
d. IV II I III old world?
a. Wallace Line
5. Marasmus is due to b. Mac Mohan Line
a. Vitamin A deficiency c. Nazca Line
b. Vitamin D deficiency d. Movius Line
c. Protein energy deficiency
d. Vitamin K deficiency 11. Which of the following African Monkey has a
sacculated stomach?
a. Colobus Monkey

2 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF

b. Langur 18. Who authored the book A Study of Archaeology,
c. Leaf Monkey considered the foremost critique of archaeologists’
d. Macaque preoccupation with chronology?
a. Walter W.Taylor
12. The practice whereby a man retires to rest after his b. Richard A. Gould
wife has given birth, as if he himself has gone through the c. John E. Yellen
labour of childbirth, is called d. James Deetz
a. Couvade
b. Initiation rite 19. Arrange the following classifications of mankind in
c. Birth taboo the ascending order in which they were proposed:
d. Totemism a. Hooton-Blumenbach-Garn-Deniker
b. Blumenbach-Hooton-Garn-Deniker
13. Kitchen maiden culture is so named because c. Deniker-Hooton-Garn-Blumenbach
a. It is associated with huge deposits of food waste in the d. Blumenbach-Deniker-Hooton-Garn
form of shell bins.
b. It includes typical transverse -edge arrowheads and 20. Milton Singer applies the concept of great and Little
broad-end axes. tradition in his study of
c. It was found in Baltic and North Sea coasts in Europe. a. Bombay
d. Absence of decorative art work. b. Bangalore
14. Laurel and Willow Leaf points are hallmarks of c. Calcutta
a. Solutrean d. Madras
b. Aurignacian
c. Perigordian 21. Which of the living a pes is genetically closest to
d. Acheulian humans?
a. Gorilla
15. According to the Constitution of India, which of the b. Chimpanze
following are socially and educationally backward c. Gibbon
classes? Use codes: d. Orangutan
(i). Scheduled Tribes
(ii). Other Backward Classes 22. The Second urbanization in the Indian Subcontinent is
(iii). Depressed Classes connected to
(iv). Scheduled Castes a. Beginning of Iron Age
b. Coming of Aryans
Codes: c. Development of highly specialized society
a. (i), (iii) and (iv) d. Urban character of Harappan culture
b. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
c. (i), (ii) and (iv) 23. Schedule VI of the Constitution of India is applicable
d. (i), (ii) and (iii) to
a. Whole of India
16. When the human genome draft sequence was released, b. only scheduled areas
which of the following observations was least expected? c. only North-Eastern India
a. A larger amount of repetitive DNA d. only Coastal areas
b. The size of individual chromosomes
c. A small number of protein coding genes 24. Which of the following concepts has influenced L.P.
d. The size of total genome Vidyarthi to formulate his concept of sacred complex?
a. Great and Little tradition
17. Which of the following deposits were best suitable for b. Dominant caste
Potassium – Argon dating? c. Sanskritization
a. Volcanic d. Modernization
b. Glacial
c. Pluvial
d. Seismic

3 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF

25. Anthropological studies of law have explored the
social organizational correlates of different forms of
dispute settlement, such as
(i) Avoidance and Divination
(ii) Ordeals, Mediation and negotiation
(iii) Arbitration and Adjudication
(iv) Imposition and Compensation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
In the context of the above two statem ents, which one of
the following option are correct?
a. Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
b. (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
c. Both (A) and (R) are correct
d. (A) is wrong but (R) is correct
31. Which of the following groups of crops were
cultivated by the megalithic builders of south India?
a. Rice, ragi, black gram, green gram
b. Rice, wheat, black gram, green gram
c. Ragi, wheat, black gram, green gram
d. Rice, ragi, wheat, black gram

26. Chargaff’s rules states that in typical DNA 32. One of the most important characteristics of
a. A=G Anthropology is
b. A=C a. Study of human society
c. A+T=G+C b. Focus on past cultures
d. A+G= T+C c. Insistence on participant fieldwork
d. Description of various ways of life
27. Which of the following refers to nuptiality?
a. Death 33. Which of the following disorders are caused due to
b. Birth recessive autosomal mutation?
c. Marriage a. Turner’s syndrome and Sickle cell anaemia
d. Fertility b. Edward’s syndrome and Patau syndrome
28. Arrange the descent groups mentioned below in c. Cystic fibrosis and Phenylketonuria
increasing order of complexity d. Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington chorea
a. Phratry-Lineage-Moiety-Clan
b. Lineage-Clan-Phratry-Moiety 34. Who among the following proposed the ‘Arboreal
c. Clan-Lineage-Moiety-Phratry hypothesis’ of primate adaptation?
d. Clan-Phratry-Lineage-Moiety a. G. Elliott and M. Cartnill
b. F. Good-Jones and G.Elliot
29. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as c. L. Gerber and D.Creas
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) d. J. Neel and R.C. Punnel
Assertion (A): A schedule is a set of questions sent by
mail to be filled up by the informants themselves. 35. Which of the following prehistoric sites is situated in
Reason(R): A schedule can only be administered among the state of West Bengal?
the literates. a. Maski
Which of the following is correct in accordance with b. Piklihal
above context? c. Birbhanpur
a. (A) is true and (R) is not true d. Nevasa
b. (A) is false and (R) is true
c. (A) is false and (R) is also false 36. Match it:
d. (A) is true and (R) is also true List- I List-II
A. M.N.Srinivas (i) Village India
30. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as B. Mckim Marriott
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) (ii) Indian Village
Assertion (A): Sickle cell trait provides resistance against C. D.N. Majumar (iii) India’s Village
malaria. D. S.C. Dube (iv) Rural Profiles
Reason(R): Hbs high frequency in malaria endemic Codes:
regions is an example of balanced polymorphism. (A) (B) (C) (D)
a. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

4 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF

b. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) d. Bodmer
c. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) 42. Arrange the following pioneers in an ascending order
d. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) on the basis of their contributions:
37. Whi ch of the following statements best describe a. Hardy- Weinberg- Watson and Crick - Kary Mullis –G.
power? Mendel
1. The ability based on the legitimacy of a set of norms b. Watson and Crick -Hardy –Weinberg-G.Mendel- Kary
which are fixed and sacred. Mullis
2. The ability of a person or social unit to influence the c. Kary Mullis -Watson and Crick - Hardy Weinberg -
conduct and decision making of other. G.Mendel
3. The ability to invoke supernatural conflict. d. G.Mendel - Hardy-Weinberg- Watson and Crick - Kary
4. The ability of a person or group to be healthy. Mullis
Codes:
a. 1 43. Which of the following is true for “Tented Arch”?
b. 2 a. It is a dermatoglyphic arch found only in the sole.
c. 3 b. It is a form of arch found on the finger of some persons.
d. 4 c. It is an arch of hypothenar region of hand.
d. It is an arch of thenar region of hand.
38. Which of the following is an autosomal disorder?
a. Huntington chorea 44. Arrange the following sites in order of their
b. Achondroplasia occupation from the earliest to the latest:
c. Cystic fibrosis (i) Renigunta
d. Myotonic dystrophy (ii) Chirki-Nevasa
(iii) Chopanimando
39. Middle range Theory in archaeology is derived from (iv) Burzahom
which of the following methodological streams?
(i) Ethno-archaeology Codes:
(ii) Experimental archaeology a. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(iii) Settlement archaeology b. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
(iv) Underwater archaeology c. (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)
Codes: d. (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (ii) and (iii) 45. Which of the following statements about forensic
c. (iii) and (iv) analysis of DNA is NOT correct?
d. (i) and (iv) a. A DNA profile using short tandem repeats is unique to
an individual.
40. Match it: b. Forensic analysis makes use of SNPs in coding
List I List II sequences to distinguish between individuals.
A. South Africa Australopithecus bahrelghazali c. PCR is used for DNA profiling.
B. Indonesia Ardipithecus ramidus d. DNA fingerprinting can be used for paternity testing.
C. Tchad Homo floresiensis
D. Ethiopia Australopithecus robustus 46. The sequence of one strand of DNA is 5’AGC TAG
Codes: 3’. The sequence of complementary strand would be
(A) (B) (C) (D) a. 5’TCG ATC 3’
a. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i) b. 5’CTA GCT 3’
b. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii) c. 5’TCC ATC3’
c. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii) d. 5’GAT CGA3’
d. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
47. What did M. Mead examine in her study among three
41. Who said ‘nothing in biology makes sense except in New Guinea societies?
the light of evolution’? a. The impact of personality on culture.
a. Wallace b. The impact of culture on personality.
b. Dobzhansky c. The environment and its impact on personality.
c. Darwin
5 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
d. The conditioning of social personalities of the two Reason (R): During the Mesolithic period, scenes of
sexes. hunting predominate amongst a multiplicity o f other
48. Arrange the stages of population genetics research themes of art.
using examples of ABO blood group system: a. (A) is true and (R) is not true.
(i). Selection of Mendelian population. b. (A) is false and(R) is true.
(ii). Testing of genetic equilibrium c. (A) is false and (R) is also false
(iii). Calculation of allele frequency d. (A) is true and (R) is also true.
(iv). Collection of ABO blood samples.
Codes: 54. Match it:
a. (iv), (i), (ii), (iii) List I List II
b. (i), (iv), (iii), (ii) A. Maternal serum (i). Phenylktonuria
c. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i) Screening
d. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv) B. A newborn genetic (ii) Adenosine
Screening deaminase deficiency
49. Who among the following explained symbol as C. Adult screening (iii) Pre -natal diagnostic
‘means of social classification, which distinguish betwe en technique
various categories of objects, persons or actions and keep D. Gene therapy (iv) Cervical cancer of women
them separate’? Codes:
a. Clifford Geertz (A) (B) (C) (D)
b. Victor Turner a. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
c. Raymond Firth b. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
d. Mary Douglas c. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
d. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
50. Which of the following is the best tool to study
kinship system? 55. Which of the following is Cultural
a. Controlled observation Approach in Medical Anthropology?
b. Structural interview a. Critical Medical Anthropology
c. Genealogical methods b. Human biology and variation
d. Questionnaire c. Evolution, health and medicine
d. Bio-archaeology and the history of health.
51. Who coined the term ‘Proto -Neolithic’ to refer to the
culture of regions where microliths occurred with 56. Most hormones of the endocrine
potsherds? System are regulated by which of the
a. R.B. Foote following?
b. S. Piggott a. Negative feedback mechanism
c. H.D. Sankalia b. Positive feedback mechanism
d. M. Wheeler c. Hormone-receptor complex
d. Hormone-gene complex.
52. Which of the following evidences is associated
particularly with Burzahom site? 57. Chi-square test was originally
a. Direct evidence of the cereals grown developed by
b. Spinning and Weaving a. W.S. Gossett
c. Pit dwelling b. A.R. Fisher
d. Wheel made pottery c. B. Pascal
d. K.Pearson
53. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) 58. Which of the following are true of the
Assertion (A): All central Indian rock shelters inhabited in high altitude adaptation process?
prehistoric times such as those of Bhimbetka and (i) Breath rapidly
Adamgarh present rock art. (ii) Heart beats faster
(iii) Suffer from hypoxia
(iv) Vitamin C level rises

6 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF

Codes: c. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
a. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct d. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct 64. Match it:
d. (iii) and (iv) are correct List I List II
A. Margaret Mead (i) Marquesa
59. Who is the author of the path- breaking B. Ruth Benedict (ii) Samoa
work in 1970, “Women in the field: C. Cora Du Bois (iii) Luni
Anthropological Experiences”? D. Ralph Linton (iv) Alor
a. Laura Bohannan Codes:
b. Rosaline Wax (A) (B) (C) (D)
c. Louise Lamphere a. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
d. Peggy Golde b. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
c. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
60. A model involving a recent origin of d. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
most human characteristics in Africa, but
also inter-breeding with archaic 65. Match it:
populations inside or outside Africa is List I List II
called A. Systema naturae (i) Charles Lyell
a. Wolpoff replacement model B. On the Origin of (ii) WEL Clark
b. Leaky replacement model Species
c. Chopra replacement model C. Peinciples of (iii) Carl Linnaeus
d. Jurmain replacement model Geology
D. The Fossil (iv) Charles Darwin
61. Who said “Primitive law is the rule Evidences for human
which curbs human inclinations thereby Evolution
equating law with social obligation and Codes:
social control”? (A) (B) (C) (D)
a. Bronislaw Malinowski a. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
b. Paul Bohannan b. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
c. Leopold Pospisil c. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
d. McLenon d. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

62. Pre-industrial cities existed as 66. Folic acid deficiency lads to

(i) Centres of pilgrimage
(ii) Royal capitals
(iii) Industrial centres
(iv) Military encampments
Codes:
a. (ii) and (iv) are correct
b. (i) and (ii) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
63. Which of the following anthropologists
conducted ethnicity studies?
(i) M.G. Smith
(ii) A. Cohen
(iii) A. Giddens
(iv) F. Barth
Codes:
a. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
b. (iii), (iv) and (ii) are correct
7 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
a. Pernicious anaemia
b. Sickle-Cell anaemia
c. Iron-deficiency anaemia
d. Megaloblastic anaemia
67. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion(A): Tribal Society is considered
as egalitarian, non-hierarchic and
homogenous as against caste society.
Reason(R): We observe social inequality
among the tribes present.
a. (A) is true and (R) is not true
b. (A) is false and (R) is true
c. (A) is false and (R) is also false
d. (A) is true and (R) is also true
68. The effectiveness is protecting Codes:
Archaeological sites depends on (A) (B) (C) (D)
a. Amount of available funds. a. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
b. Number of archaeologists working on the sites. b. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
c. Importance of the sites. c. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
d. Public attitudes towards the past d. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

69. What is the term used for the opening in the base of 73. Which one of the following does NOT
the skull through which the spinal cord passes? include ‘somatotype’?
a. Foramen magnum a. Relative degree of adiposity of the body.
b. Mental foramen b. Relative mass of the body.
c. Optical foramen c. Relative musculo-skeletal development
d. Orbital foramen of the body.
d. Relative slenderness of the body.
70. Match it:
List I List II 74. What is the major difference between
A. The amount of (i) Duplication schedule and questionnaire?
Chromosomal material a. Schedule is a list of questions but
Remains unchanged when questionnaire is not a list of questions.
the arrangement is altered. b. Schedule is filled-in by the researcher
B. Involves the loss of a (ii) Translocation but questionnaire is filled-in by the
Piece of genetic informant.
Information. c. Questionnaire is filled-in by the
C. An extra copy of a (iii) Inversion researcher but schedule is filled-in by the
piece Of chromosomal informant.
material is present. d. Both schedule and questionnaire are
D. Genetic material is (iv) Deletion same and there is no difference between
Rearranged between them.
Non-homologus
chromosomes. 75. Uniformity is taken to be the hallmark
Codes: of Indus Valley Civilization. Which of the
(A) (B) (C) (D) following features are correct?
a. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) Fabric, Shape and decoration of pottery.
b. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) Terracotta cakes, weights, measures
c. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) and figurines.
d. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) Fortified township with underground
drains and individual houses.
71. which kind of changes are associated with (iv) Seals with regional motifs and scripts.
Sanskritization and Westernization? Codes:
a. Social Structure a. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
b. Culture b. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. Economic c. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. Political d. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.

72. Match it: 76. Match it:

List I List II List I List II
A. Richard Lee (i) Nunamiut Eskimo of Alaska A. Classical Evolutionism (i) Claude Levi -
B. Lewis Binford (ii) Kungsan of Kalahari Strauss
C. James O’Cornell (iii) Stone tool makers of B. Historical Particularism (ii) Marvin Harris
Highland Burma
D. Brian Hayden (iv) Hadz a hunters of East C. Cultural Materialism (iii) Franz Boas
Africa D. Structuralism (iv) Adolf Bastin

8 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF


Codes:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
b. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
c. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
d. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
77. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion(A): The out of Africa model
suggests that modem humans evolved in
Africa.
Reason(R): Widely depressed populations
of H.erectus exhibited regional anatomical
variation.
a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A).
b. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not
the correct explanation of (A).
c. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
78. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion(A): Medical anthropologists are
being called on to consult with
international and domestic health agencies
in an effort to formulate health programme
that are culturally sensitive an applicable
to local needs and effective in obtaining
community support.
Reason (R): Anthropological perspectives
are not relevant at all levels of public
health process, from inception of disease
trends to the design, implementation and
evaluation of progress.
a. (A) is true and (R) is also true.
b. (A) is false and (R) is also false
c. (A) is false and (R) is true
d. (A) is true and (R) is false.
79. An interpersonal supernatural force
which can manifest in person or things and
which is transferable is known as
a. Anima
b. Mana
c. Fetish
d. Ghost
80. Evolution was divided into general
evolution and specific evolution by which
of the following anthropologists?
9 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
a. Sahlins and Harris
b. Service and Steward
c. Sahlins and Service
d. Steward and White.
81. Which of the following features best
describe B.S.Guha’s classification of the
people of India?
(i) he traced six major racial strains and
nine sub-tyoes among among the Indian
population.
(ii). Identification of Negrito elements is
one of the highlights of his classification.
(iii). He mentioned that the Australoidds
are widely distributed throughout India.
(iv) He has shown the people of India as
Mongoloid and Brachycephalic.
Codes:
a. (i), (ii) and (iii) ae correct.
b. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
d. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
82. Which among the following are
anthropological analyses of globalization?
(i) Arjun Appadurai’s Modernity at Large
(ii) John Barnes’ Models and
Interpretation
(iii) Jonathan Friedman’s Cultural Identity
and Global Process
(iv) ULF Hanner’s Cultural Complexity.
Codes:
a. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.
83. Who among the following has
mentioned that Australoids are widely
distributed in India in his ethnic
classification of the Indian Population?
a. S.S. Sarkar
b. A.C. Haddon
c. B.S. Guha
d. H.H. Risley
84. Who among the following has worked
on ‘tribe-caste continuum’?
a. T.C. Das
b. R. Redfield
c. S. Sinha
d. V. Elwin
85. Which of the following are key
indicators of archaeological sites?
(i) Surface finds of artifacts
(ii) Accidental discoveries of sites while ploughing and
road making.
(iii) Soil discolourations and vegetational cover.
(iv) Conspicuous earthworks, stone ruins or other surface
features
Codes:
a. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
c. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.
86. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion(A): Hand axes are primarily for diggi ng rather
than cutting and scraping.
Reason(R): Hand axes is also known as rostrocarinate.
a. (A) is true and (R) is not true.
b. (A) is false and (R) is true.
c. (A) is false and (R) is also false.
d. (A) is true and (R) is also true.
87. Which of the following statements about
Experimental Archaeology are true?
(i) Materials used in the experiment must be those
available locally to the prehistoric society one is studying.
(ii) Method must conform with the society’s technological
abilities.
(iii) The experiment must lead to suggested conclusion.
(iv) The result of the experiment must be unique and
cannot be replicable.
Codes:
a. (i). (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
88. Who among the following is called the ‘Nutcracker
Man’?
a. Homo habilis
b. Australopithecus afarensis
c. Orronin tugenensis
d. Paranthropus boisei
89. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Francois Bordes believed that the
Mousterain traditions reflect four groups who visited the
same locations but lived in complete isolation.
Reason (R): The Neanderthals and their contemporaries
developed tools for different activities.
a. (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct
c. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
90. The best skeletal indicators of determining sex in
forensic investigation is the
a. Scapula
b. Ulna
c. Pelvis
d. Clavicle
91. Barr bodies are seen in
a. germ cell of normal human female
b. germ cell of normal human male.
c. somatic cells of normal human female
d. somatic cells of normal human male
92. The applied research in Medical Anthropology
includes
(i) Therapeutic care in clinical settings
(ii) Issues of health and healing system
(iii) Solving specific human problems
(iv) Public health programme in community setting
Codes:
a. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) are correct
d. (i), (ii) are correct
93. A mutation changing an amino acid codon into a
termination codon is termed as:
a. Nonsense
b. Missense
c. Conservative
d. Non conservative
94. At what stage of human growth, the growth spurt is
seen as a ‘bump’ in the height curve and a ‘spike’ in the
height velocity curve?
a. Infancy
b. Juvenile
c. Adolescent
d. Adult
95. Which of the following is in correct cephalocaudal
order?
a. Lumbar-Thoracic-Sacral-Cervical
b. Thoracic-Cervical-Lumbar-Sacral
c. Cervical-Lumbar-Thoracic-Sacral
10 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
d. Cervical-Thoracic-Lumbar-Sacral
Comprehension:
Books and articles often report research in a straight
forward manner: Here’s the problem, here’s the answer -
that kind of thing. But many researchers know from
experience t hat knowledge does not always come in a
straight forward manner. Now a professor at Rhod Island
College, Terence E. Hays has reflected on the twists and
turns in his fieldwork among the Ndumba in the Eastern
Highlands province of Papua New Guinea. He first started
studying whether different types of people (eg: women
and men) had different types of plant knowledge and
whether they classified plants differently. In the course of
his fieldwork, in 1972, he witnessed an initiation
ceremony for 10 to 12 year ol d males – a dramatic and
traumatic rite of passage ceremony that included the
physical trauma of nose -bleeding as well as the social
traumas of ‘attacks’ by women and seclusion in the forest.
The ceremony was full of symbolism of why the sexes
needed to avoid each other. And while he collected stories
and myths about plants for his research on ethnobiology,
he kept uncovering themes in the stories about the danger
of men associated with women.
Hay’s curiosity was aroused about these ceremonies and
myths. Ho w important are myths in perpetuating cultural
themes? Do other societies that have separate men’s
houses have similar myths? He realized when he returned
home from the field that many societies have similar
stories. Are these stories generally linked to i nitiation rites
and physical segregation of the sexes? Answering these
questions required comparison, so he embarked on
collecting myths and folk -tales from colleagues who
worked in other New Guinea Highland societies. In the
course of collecting these com parative materials, he
realized he didn’t have all the ethnographic information
he needed, so he went back to field to get it. As Hays
remarked “as an ethnographer I was continually faced
with questions, how do you know it’s true? But even
when I could rea ch a (hard -won) conviction that
something was true for the Ndumba, the second question
awaited: how do you know it’s generally true, which you
can’t know about comparison?”
Sub questions:
96. Terence E. Hays conducted his fieldwork among
which of the following communities?
a. Tsembaga Maring
b. Ndumba
c. Papua New Guinea
d. Rhode Island
11 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
97. Why were the body secluded in the forest?
a. They were afraid of people
b. They were afraid of women
c. It was a part of initiation rite ceremony
d. Their noses were bleeding
98. In societies with traumatic initiation rites, usually:
a. Men have separate houses
b. Men and women live together
c. Boys ang girls are allowed to be together
d. boys and girls are sent to their relatives’ house
99. Professor Hays witnessed the initiation ceremony of
which of the following?
a. Boys
b. Girls
c. Men
d. Women
100. Why did Professor Hays go back to the field?
a. He liked the people of Papua New Guinea
b. He did not have all the ethnographic information
c. The people invited him to revisit again
d. He was transformed to that area.
Answers:
1.c, 2.a, 3.b, 4.a, 5.c, 6.a, 7.d, 8.b, 9.a, 10.d, 11.a, 12.a,
13.a, 14.a, 15.c, 16.c, 17.a, 18.a, 19.d, 20.d, 21.b, 22.a,
23.c, 24.a, 25.d, 26.d, 27.c, 28.b, 29.c, 30.c, 31.a, 32.c,
33.c, 34.b, 35.c, 36.a, 37.b, 38.c, 39.a, 40.a, 41.b, 42.d,
43.b, 44.b, 45.b, 46.a, 47.d, 48.b, 49.d, 50.c, 51.a, 52.c,
53.b, 54.a, 55.a, 56.a, 57.d, 58.b, 59.d, 60.b, 61.a, 62.d,
63.a, 54.c, 65.b, 66.d, 67.d, 68.d, 69.a, 70.d, 71.b, 72.b,
73.b, 74.b, 75. a, 76.b, 77.b, 78.d, 79.b, 80.c, 81.b, 82.a,
83.a, 84.c, 85.c, 86.c, 87.b, 88.d, 89.b, 90.c, 91.c, 92.a,
93.a, 94.c, 95.d, 96.b, 97.c, 98.a, 99.a, 100.b.
Anthropology December- 2018 8. Heath-Carter method is used for
a. Nutritional status
b. Somatotyping
c. Body composition
1. The theory of inheritance of acquired characters was d. Stature estimation from long bones
given a death blow by
a. Darwin 9. Which one of the following processes is considered
b. De Vries equivalent to socialization in Anthropology?
c. Weisman a. Enculturation
d. Lamarck b. Acculturation
c. Assimilation
2. Which of the following is not associated with primates? d. Mobilization
a. Stereoscopic vision
b. Social groupings 10. The comparative and historical study of cultures or
c. Reliance on smell as the main sense peoples is known as
d. Brain complexity a. Ethnography
b. Ethnology
3. One of the best known Miocene ho minid Genus c. Ethnohistory
discovered in France is known as d. Ethnoscience
a. Dryopitheus
b. Procunsul 11. Which of the following Articles of the Indian
c. Theropithecus Constitution makes provision for a special officer for the
d. Gigantopithecus Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to be appointed
by the President of India?
4. Which of the following was not considered as a. Article – 371
geographical race by Garn (1961) b. Article – 17
a. Mediterranean c. Article – 338
b. Micronesians d. Article – 330
c. Asiatics
d. Caucasians 12. In which year was the International Union of
Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES)
5. Who was the author of the classic book “Growth at formed
Adolescence”? a. 1954 in Vienna
a. N. Cameron b. 1973 in Chicago
b. Barry Bogin c. 1947 in Paris
c. J.M. Tanner d. 1934 in London
d. J.L. Thomspon et al.
13. “Man is basically uninventive nature”, is one of the
6. Harold Cummins and Charles Middle are known for basic tenets of
their work in a. Diffusionists
a. Blood group serology b. Evolutionists
b. Dermatoglyphics c. Structural functionalists
c. Biochemical genetics d. Historical particularists
d. Molecular anthropology
14. Who has proposed the concept of ‘Great and Little
7. The absorption – elution technique is used for the Tradition’?
typing of a. M. Marritt
a. Trans ferrins b. M.N. Srinivas
b. Haptoglobins c. Robert Redfield
c. Red cell enzymes d. L.P. Vidyarthi
d. Blood groups

12 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF

15. A data set where half the items are above and half 22. Which of the following are the essential conditions for
below it, is called the operation of the Hardy-Weinberg law
a. Median (i) Mating should ne random
b. Mode (ii) Population size should be very large
c. Geometric Mean (iii) Mutation rate should be very high
d. Mean (iv) Natural selection should not be operating
a. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
16. Who wrote the book ‘Man Makes Himself’ b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
a. V.G. Childe c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. N.K. Bose d. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. F. Boas
d. M. Fortes 23. Which of the following features best describe genetic
polymorphism
17. Which of the following sites yielded earliest evidence (i) The occurrence in the same population of two or more
of cultivated rice in India alleles at one locus with a minimum frequency of 1%
a. Tekkalakota (ii) The first widely accepted definition was formulated
b. Sanganakallu by Edmund Ford
c. Barudih (iii) The degree of polymorphism is a useful measure of
d. Koldihwa the diversity of a population
(iv) All polymorphisms are balanced polymorphisms
18. Which of the following hominids is responsible for a. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
use of fire for the first time b. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
a. Homo habilis c. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. Homo erectus d. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
c. Homo neanderthel
d. Homo sapiens sapiens 24. Which of the following features corre ctly describe
Patau’s Syndrome
19. Which of the following continents yielded the earliest (i) Patau’s syndrome is due to chromosome 18 trisomy
dated rock art (ii) Victims are characterized by microcephaly
a. Europe (iii) One of the characteristic features is trigger thumb,
b. Africa i.e., thumb and index finger overlap the third finger
c. Asia (iv) This syndrome is more frequent in females than males
d. Australia Choose the correct answer from the code given below:
a. (ii) and (iii) are correct
20. Which of the following river valleys saw the b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
development of second urbanization in India c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
a. Indus River d. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. Narmada River
c. Ganga River 25. Which of the fol lowing features correctly describe the
d. Brahmaputra River female pelvis
(i) Ischiopubic ramus (medial view) is thin
21. Which of the following features best describe the (ii) Subpubic angle is narrow (less than 90 degrees)
Bombay blood phenotype (iii) Sacrum is wide and straight
(i) It was first reported by Bhende in Bombay (iv) Greater sciatic notch is wide (more than 68 deg)
(ii) In these individuals, H antigen is not synthesized Choose the correct answer form the code given below:
(iii) The individuals have naturally occurring anti -H a. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
antibodies in their plasma b. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(iv) Bombay phenotype is a part of the Rh blood group c. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
system d. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
a. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
b. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct 26. Which of the following features best describe
c. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct Glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct (i) It is also called favism
13 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
(ii) It is inherited as an X-linked dominant trait
(iii) So far, not a single case has been reported from India
(iv) G -6-PD deficien t individuals show primaquine
sensitivity
Choose the correct answer form the code given below:
a. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
b. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i) and (iv) are correct
27. Which of the following facts are true relating to the
Five- Year Plans of India
(i) Duration of First Five-Year Plan was from 1951- 1956
(ii) Duration of Fifth Five-Year Plan was from 1971-1976
(iii) Duration of Eight Five -Year Plan was form 1992 -
1997
(iv) Duration of Tenth Fiv e-Year Plan was from 2002 -
2007
a. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
d. (ii) and (iii) are correct
28. Which of the following techniques of data collection
in Psychological Anthropology a re not considered
‘culture-free’
(i) Thematic Apperception Test (T.A.T.)
(ii) Rorschach Test
(iii) Dolls and Drawing Test
(iv) Sentence Completion Test
a. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
b. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (ii) and (iii) are correct
29. Which of the following assumptions belong to the
school of evolutionism
(i) Psychic unity of mankind
(ii) Growth of culture in a single line i.e., from savagery
to barbarism to civilization
(iii) Culture emerges o nce and only in favourable
circumstances
(iv) Comparative method i.e., equation of contemporary
society with the primitive one
a. (i) and (ii) are correct
b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
c. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
d. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
30. What are not the criteria of a double descent group
(i) Rights, duties, and privileges of a group attached only
with the mother’s side
(ii) Rights, duties and privileges of a group attached only
with the father’s side
(iii) Rights, duties and priv ileges of a group attached
equally with father’s and mother’s side both
(iv) Some rights, duties and privileges of a group attached
with father’s side and some from mother’s side
a. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. (ii) and (iii) are correct
d. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
31. Which of the following criteria/concepts are related
with German school of diffusionism
(i) Criteria of form/quality
(ii) Criteria of quality
(iii) Age area concept
(iv) Food area concept
a. (i) and (ii) are correct
b. (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. (i) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
32. Which of the following tasks are performed by
medical anthropologists
(i) They study illness, disease and sickness
(ii) They study health seeking behaviour
(iii) They study shamanistic practices
(iv) They study the social morphology of the community
a. (i) and (ii) are correct
b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
c. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
33. Which of the following materials are suitable for
Thermoluminescence (TL) dating
(i) Potsherd
(ii) Burnt flint
(iii) Fossil wood
(iv) Obsidian
a. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
b. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
d. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
34. Which of the following is correct for Acheulian
culture in India
(i) Handaxe tradition
(ii) Cylinder hammer technique
(iii) Earliest known culture in India
(iv) Makers of the culture were Homo sapiens
a. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
b. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
14 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
c. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
35. Which of the following are true for radio carbon
dating
(i) Universal in nature
(ii) Formed due to cosmic radiation in atmosphere
(iii) Incorporated in trees due to photosynthesis
(iv) No balance between rates of formation and decay
a. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
b. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
d. (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
36. Given b elow are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : The mutual interactive evolution of human
biology and culture is known as biocultural evolution
Reason (R) : Biology influences culture, but culture does
not influence the direction of biological evolution
a. (A) is true, but (R) is false
b. (A) is false, but (R) is true
c. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the corr ect
explanation of (A)
d. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A)
37. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : Mitochondrial DNA is a circular structure
of about 16,600 base pairs
Reason (R) : Each cell has only one mitochondrion which,
in turn, may have several copies of DNA
a. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct
c. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
38. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : Rh incompatibility can cause the disease
erythroblastosis foetalis
Reason (R) : A serious problem occurs, when the father is
Rh-negative and the mother is Rh-positive
a. Both (A) and (R) are correct
b. (A) is correct, but (R) is no t the correct explanation of
(A)
15 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
c. (A) is correct, nut (R) is wrong
d. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
39. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct ans wer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : In humans, the best documented example
of natural selection involves haemoglobin S.
Reason (R) : HBS is an abnormal form of haemoglobin
that results from a point mutation causing a defect in the
alpha chain
a. (A) is true, but (R) is false
b. (A) is false, but (R) is true
c. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A)
d. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A)
40. Given below are two statements, one lab elled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : Gene floe is the exchange of genes
between populations
Reason (R) : The children of U.S. soldiers and
Vietnamese women do not represent gene flow because
the fathers returned to the United States
a. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct
c. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
41. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : Hemophiliac sons always have
haemophiliac mothers
Reason (R) :The inheritance of h aemophilia gene is
holandric in nature
a. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct
c. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
42. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other la belled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : Lemurs, Lorises and Tarsiers are called
Prosimians
Reason (R) : Monkeys, Apes and Humans are called
Simians
a. Both (A) and (R) are correct
b. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct
c. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
d. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
43. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the c orrect answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : Whereas “thinness” is considered highly
desirable in American society; obesity is considered
desirable in Africa
Reason (R) : Values relating to personal disposition vary
from one society to another
a. Both (A) and (R) are correct
b. (A) is correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of
(A)
c. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
d. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
44. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : M.N. Srinivas propose the concept of
‘Sanskritization’ in his study of the Coorg society
Reason (R) : In Sanskritization, it is found that a caste
from a higher caste hierarchy adopts the lifestyle of a
lower caste to enhance his social status
a. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct
c. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
45. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : In order to collect data among a non
literate society, anthropologists mo stly serve a
questionnaire to the informants
Reason (R) : A questionnaire is a set of questions sent by
mail to be filled by the informants
a. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct
c. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
46. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : ‘Potlatch’ organized by Kwakuitl Indian s
is an example of egalitarian redistribution
Reason (R) : In egalitarian redistribution, the redistributor
takes the lion’s share and the receivers become paupers
a. (A) is true, but (R) is false
b. (A) is false, but (R) is true
c. (A) is false and (R) is also false
d. (A) is true and (R) is also true
47. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : Morgan’s scheme of evolution of family
and marriage is based upon his study of ‘classificatory’
and ‘descriptive’ kinship terminologies
Reason (R) : In classificatory terminology, an ego
addresses by a particular term to a generation or class of
kinsmen, and in a d escriptive system, each kinsman is
addressed by specific terms
a. (A) is true and (R) is false
b. (A) is false and (R) is true
c. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A)
d. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A)
48. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : L.P. Vidyarthi proposed the concept of
sacred complex in his study of Hindu Gaya in 1961
Reason (R) : In sacred complex, it is studied that how the
life of a people revolves around nature on the one hand
and around spirit on the other
a. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct
- c. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
49. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : The term ‘bride price’ was replaced by
E.E. Evans-Pritchard as ‘bride wealth’
Reason (R) : It was replaced because price of any good
supply or service is fixed at the equilibrium point of
16 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
demand and supply of the commodity, which is not the
case in a marriage
a. (A) is true, but (R) is false
b. (A) is false, but (R) is true
c. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A)
d. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A)
50. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A) : Leslie A. White and V.G. Childe are
considered ‘multilinear evolutionists’
Reason (R) : Multilinear evolutionists believe that culture
evolves in a single line from savagery to barbarism to
civilization
a. (A) is true, (R) is false
b. (A) is false, but (R) is true
c. (A) is false and (R) is also false
d. (A) is true and (R) is also true
51. Given below are two statements, one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read
the statements and chose the correct answer using the
code given below.
Assertion (A): National character studies were developed
during the Second World War.
Reason (R): During the Second World War each nation
was interested to know the ‘national character’ of the
enemy nation for strategic reasons.
a. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
b. (A) is false, but (R) is true
c. Both (A) and (R) are tru e, but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
d. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
52. Assertion (A): Iron technology developed around the
rocky haematite rich terrains.
Reason (R): It is the development of a complex
management of social order.
a. Both (A) and (R) correct.
b. (A) is correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of
(A)
c. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
d. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
53. Assertion (A): Indus valley civilization developed
standardized weights and measures.
Reason (R): There was development in long distance
trade.
17 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
a. (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct.
c. (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
54. Assertion (A): Many pr ehistoric societies enjoyed
highly organized religions.
Reason (R): Religious beliefs are intangible and survive
in the form of symbols.
a. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
b. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
c. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the co rrect
explanation of (A).
d. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
55. Assertion (A) :“Copper hoard” culture has a wide
distribution in India.
Reason (R): Many of the copper objects of this culture are
prepared by heating.
a. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
b. (A) is false, but (R) is true
c. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
d. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
56. Identify the correct sequence of th e following racial
classifications in the ascending order in which they were
given.
(i) S.M. Garn
(ii) W.C. Boyd
(iii) Joseph Deniker
(iv) E.A. Hooton
Codes:
a. (iii), (i), (iv), (ii)
b. (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
c. (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
d. (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
57. Identify the correct sequence of the following
anatomical landmarks in the cephalo-caudal order.
a. Spherion – Acromion – Tibiale – Omphalion
b. Tibiale – Spherion – Omphalion – Acromion
c. Acromion – Omphalion – Tibiale – Spherion
d. Omphalion – Tibiale – Spherion – Acromion
58. Identify the correct sequence in ascending order of the
following landmark development in human genetics.
(i) Smithies developed starch-gel electrophoresis.
(ii) Method of DNA fingerprints by Jeffreys
(iii) Molecular basis of sickle cell disease by Pauling et al.
(iv) Development of Polymerase Chain reaction methods.
Codes: Codes:
a. (iii), (i), (ii), (iv) a. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
b. (ii), (iii), (iv), (i) b. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
c. (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) c. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
d. (iv), (ii), (i), (iii) d. (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)

59. Identify the correct sequence in asce nding order of the 64. Identify the correct sequence of phases of the growth
divergence in primate evolution of the following when of anthropological researches, as given by L.P.Vidyarthi.
they split off. (i) Formulatory phase
a. Orangutan – Gibbon – Gorilla – Chimpanzee (ii) Critical phase
b. Gibbon – Chimpanzee – Gorilla – Orangutan (iii) Constructive phase
c. Gibbon – Orangutan – Chimpanzee – Gorilla (iv) Analytical phase
d. Gibbon – Orangutan – Gorilla – Chimpanzee Codes:
a. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
60. Identify the correct sequence in ascending order of the b. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
following racial classifications of the people of India. c. (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
(i) Giuffrida – Ruggeri d. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(ii) H.H. Risley
(iii) B.S. Guha 65. Arrange in correct sequence of the concept of
(iv) S.S. Sarkar Institution, enunciated by B. Malinowski.
Codes: a. Personnel and norm – Material Apparatus - Activities –
a. (iii), (ii), (iv), (i) Charter – Function of Institution
b. (ii), (iv), (i), (iii) b. Fu nction of institution – Activities – Charter –
c. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv) Personnel and norm – Material apparatus
d. (ii), (iii), (iv), (i) c. Charter – personnel and norm – Material apparatus –
Activities – Function of institution
61. Identify the correct sequence of the following fossil d. Material apparatus – Charter – Personnel and norm –
men in the ascending order of their discovery. Activities – Function of institution
(i) Sinanthropus pekinensis – (Peking Man)
(ii) Pithecanthropus erectus – (Java Man) 66. Identify the following development
(iii) Homo heidelbergensis – (Mauer Jaw) schemes/programmes in the correct sequence in order of
(iv) Homo sapiens neanderthalensis – (Neanderthal Man) their implementation.
(i) Tribal Developmental Block
62. Identify the following schemes/programmes as per the (ii) Training of Rural Youth for the Self - Employment
order of their implementations. (TRYSEM)
(i) Provisions of the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled (iii) Tribal Sub-plan
Areas) PESA (iv) Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana
(ii) Tribal Sub-plan Codes:
(iii) Forrest Rights Act a. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(iv) Special Multipurpose Tribal Block b. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
Codes: c. (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
a. (iv), (ii), (i), (iii) d. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
b. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
c. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i) 67. Arrange in descending order of the publication of the
d. (ii), (iv), (iii), (i) following books of S.C. Roy.
(i) The Mundas and Their Country
63. Identify the correct sequence of the following (ii) The Birhors: A little -known Jungle Tribe of Chhota
committees/commission in ascending order. Nagpur
(i) A.V. Thakkar Committee (iii) The Oraons of chhota Nagpur
(ii) Verrier Elwin Committee (iv) The Hill Bhuiyas of Orissa
(iii) Kaka Kalelkar Committee Codes:
(Iv) Shilu Ao Committee a. (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)

18 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF

b. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) individual
c. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i) (iii) The relative C. Fecundity
d. (iii), (iv), (i), (ii) Incidence of diseases
(iv) Transition from high D. Fertility
68. Arrange in correct sequence the chronological birth and death rates to
appearance of the following stone tool making technique. lower birth and death rates
(i) Bock on block Codes:
(ii) Punch technique (A) (B) (C) (D)
(iii) Prepared- Core technique a. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(iv) Cylinder hammer technique b. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
Codes: c. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
a. (i), (iv), (iii), (ii) d. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
b. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
c. (iii), (iv), (i), (ii) 73. Match it:
d. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv) List I List II
(i) Autosomal A. G-6 PD deficiency
69. Arrange the following sites chronologically according Dominant
to the culture they represent. (ii) Sex-linked B. Tay-Sachs disease
(i) Kalibangan Dominant
(ii) Gufrakal (iii) Autosomal C. Hypophosphatemia
(iii) Bagor Recessive
(iv) Nevasa (iv) Sex-linked D. Marfan Syndrome
Codes: Recessive
a. (i), (iv), (iii), (ii) Codes:
b. (iii), (ii), (iv), (i) (A) (B) (C) (D)
c. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i) a. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
d. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv) b. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
c. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
70. Arrange climatic phases in sequential order from the d. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
following:
a. gamblian – Kageran – Kanjeran – Kamasian 74. Match it:
b. kageran – kamasian – Kanjeran – Gamblian List I List II
c. Kanjera – kamasian – Gamblian – Kageran (i) Dryopithecus A. France
d. Kamasian – Kageran – Kanjeran – Gamblian (ii) Ramapithecus B. South Africa
(iii) Neanderthal Man C. Germany
71. Match it: (iv) Australopithecus D. India
List I List II Codes:
(i) Sickle cell disease A. Western Europe (A) (B) (C) (D)
(ii) G-6 PD deficiency B. Ashkenazi Jews a. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(iii) Cystic fibrosis C. Tropical Africa b. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(iv) Tay-Sachs disease D. Meditteranean Area c. (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
(A) (B) (C) (D) d. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
a. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
b. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) 75. Match it:
c. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) List I List II
d. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) Genetic disease A. Hardy and Weinberg
(ii) Genetic B. Sewall Right
72. Match it: Equilibrium
List I List II (iii) Mendelian C. M. Nei
(i) Physiological ability A. Demographic Population
to reproducs transition (iv) Effective D. Dobzhansky
(ii) Reproductive B. Morbiity Population number
perfromnace of an Codes:
19 | Anthropology for NTA-UGC NET/JRF
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of An elder
brother
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
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you are located before using this eBook.

Title: An elder brother

Author: Eglanton Thorne

Release date: October 24, 2023 [eBook #71948]

Language: English

Original publication: London: The Religious Tract Society, 1895

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ELDER

BROTHER ***
Transcriber's note: Unusual and inconsistent spelling is as
printed.
AN ELDER BROTHER
 BY

EGLANTON THORNE

Author of "The Old Worcester Jug," "Worthy of his Name," etc.

London

THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY

56 PATERNOSTER ROW AND 65 ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD

BUTLER & TANNER,

THE SELWOOD PRINTING WORKS,
FROME, AND LONDON.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

I. OLD BETTS
II. A NEIGHBOUR

III. LITTLE MARGERY'S LOSS

IV. MICHAEL MAKES A GOOD BARGAIN

V. UNRIGHTEOUS GAIN

VI. AN UNWELCOME ENCOUNTER

VII. IN THE GRIP OF PAIN

VIII. THE BURDEN MAKES ITSELF FELT

IX. RESTITUTION

X. MICHAEL FINDS A FRIEND

XI. MUTUAL CONFESSION

XII. MICHAEL'S HOUSE BECOMES A HOME

AN ELDER BROTHER

CHAPTER I
OLD BETTS
THERE are persons for whom no shop has a greater
attraction than a second-hand book-shop. It may be that
they have a passion for collecting the old and rare, and love
to turn over the well-thumbed, dusty volumes, in the hope
of lighting upon a treasure in the form of a first edition, or a
work long out of print. Or they may be drawn merely by a
desire to acquire cheaply the coveted book which their
poverty will not permit them to purchase fresh from the
publisher. Whatever the nature of the attraction, the shop of
Michael Betts, which stood a few years ago at the corner of
a narrow, quiet street in Bloomsbury, had for such
individuals, an irresistible fascination.

It was a small shop, but it had a high reputation of its kind,

and its importance was not to be measured by its size. It
lay several feet below the level of the street, and a flight of
stone steps led down to the door. Every available inch of
space within the shop was occupied by books. They
crowded the shelves which lined the shop from floor to
ceiling; they filled the storey above, and a great part of the
tiny room at the back of the shop in which Michael took his
meals; they overflowed into the street, and stood on a
bench before the window, and were piled at the side of each
step which led up to the pavement. They were books of all
sorts and conditions, of various tongues and various styles.

Michael knew them perhaps as well as it was possible for a

man to know such a mixed multitude. He was not a
scholarly man, having received, indeed, but the most
ordinary education; but in his leisure hours, he had
managed to acquaint himself with most of the classics of
our mother tongue. For the rest, by virtue of close
observation, and, where possible, a little judicious skimming
or dipping, he contrived to discover the nature of most
books that came into his hands, and to pretty accurately
determine their worth.
Michael Betts struck most persons as being an elderly man,
though he was not so old as he appeared. Some of his
customers were wont to describe him as "Old Betts." He did
not feel himself to be old, however, and once when he
happened to overhear some one so describe him, the term
struck him as singularly inappropriate.

He was a man about the middle height, but inclined to

stoop. His smooth, beardless face, surmounted by thick,
wiry, iron-grey hair, which curled about his brows, was
broad and of the German type. Its hue was pallid, rather as
the result of the confined life he led in the close, ill-lighted
shop, than from positive ill-health. His dark, deep-sunken
eyes had often a dreamy, absent expression, but grew keen
at the call of business, for Michael Betts was a shrewd man
of business, and made few mistakes either in buying or
selling.

He had kept that corner shop for nearly thirty years, and
though his business had steadily grown during that period,
he had managed it without assistance. It might be that he
would have done better had he not attempted to carry it on
single-handed. He was a young man when he started the
business, but now that he was on the borderland of old age
he might have found the help of a youth of much service.
But Michael judged otherwise. He "was not fond of boys,"
he said. He felt that he had not the patience to train one.

He could not bear to have his nice, orderly, methodical ways

upset by a careless youth. Moreover, from living constantly
alone, he had become of such a reserved, suspicious, even
secretive disposition, that the very thought of having any
one constantly with him in the shop was hateful to him. For
his shop was his all. He had no life behind or beyond it. He
had no one to love him, or whom he could love. Even his
books he did not love as they should be loved. Though he
lived in them and with them, as well as by them, he prized
them chiefly for the sake of what they brought him. But he
did not care that another hand should meddle with them.
Rather than that, he preferred to adhere to his old-
fashioned plan, so behind the day, of locking his shop when
he was called out on business, and affixing to the door a
notice of the hour at which he might be expected to return.

Early one gloomy afternoon in November, Michael was busy

at the back of the shop, sorting, as well as he could in the
dim light, a newly-acquired purchase. He looked round as
the bell which hung at the door gave a little tinkle
announcing the entrance of a customer; but though he
looked he could not at once discern who it was who entered
with such a light tread, and strange, irregular movements.
He had to move to the other side of a high pile of books ere
he perceived his customer, and then he was very much
surprised. Such a pretty, dainty, wee one he had never seen
in his shop before.

A little girl of six or seven years stood there alone, making a

bright, fair spot in the midst of the gloom and dust and piles
of dingy volumes. She wore a little serge cloak of a soft
green shade, lined with pink silk, and a tiny, close-fitting
velvet hood of the same green hue covered her golden
locks, which, however, escaped from it wherever they could,
hanging in ringlets down her cheeks and over her little
shoulders. With her rosebud mouth, soft liquid blue eyes,
and fair pink and white complexion, she was the sweetest
picture imaginable; but she was a bewildering vision to
Michael Betts. He stood looking at her in amazement, quite
at a loss how to address her.

She, in her turn, regarded him gravely for a few moments;

but she showed no sign of embarrassment. When she
spoke, it was with the simple, unconscious dignity of
childhood.

"Are you old Mr. Betts?"

"My name is Betts, certainly," replied Michael; "I don't know

about the old. Can I do anything for you, missy?"

"Yes. I want a 'Pilgrim's Progress,' if you please. Noel and I

want to have one for our very own. On Sundays, we are
allowed to have mother's, which is a beautiful one, with
such lovely pictures in it; but she will not let us have it in
the nursery during the week, and we really must have one,
for, you see, we like to play at being Christian and Faithful,
and we want the book in order to know exactly what they
do and say. We each like being Christian best, so we take it
in turns. That is the fairest way, I think, don't you?"

"I can't say, I am sure, my dear," said Betts, looking very

puzzled. "Do you wish me to see if I have a 'Pilgrim's
Progress'?"

"Yes, please," said the child eagerly, with brightening face.

"Father said he'd no doubt you would have one you could let
us have for a shilling. He said he would see about it, but he
generally forgets when he says that, so I thought I had
better come myself. I have the shilling here," she added,
fumbling in her glove. "It's in two sixpences: one sixpence
is mine, and the other is Noel's."

"And who is your father, little missy?" asked Michael.

"Why, father is father, of course," said the wee girl, as if she

considered the question rather unnecessary; adding,
however, after a moment's reflection, "but perhaps you
would call him Professor Lavers."
"Ah, to be sure," said Michael, nodding his head. He knew
Professor Lavers well. He was one of his best customers.
But it was difficult to think of the elderly, worn-looking
professor as the father of this sweet little maiden.

"Father is a very learned man," said the child, nodding her

head sagaciously; "mother says so. That's why they call him
Professor. My name is Margery, you know, and Noel's is
Noel. Noel means Christmas in French, and mother called
him that because he was born on Christmas Day."

"Is Noel older than you?" asked Michael, who was beginning
to feel interested in the child's frank confidences.

"Oh no. He is a year younger; but he's nearly as big as I

am. That's because he is a boy. Mother says boys ought to
be big. What lots and lots of books you have, Mr. Betts! My
father has a great many books; but not nearly so many as
you have."

"No. I've got another room full of them upstairs, little

missy."

"Have you?" said Margery, in an awestruck voice. "And have

you read them every one, Mr. Betts?"

"Oh dear no," said Betts, smiling as he shook his head; "life
wouldn't be long enough for that, missy. But I think I know
something about most of them, though."

"Do you?" Margery looked at him in wonder. "How clever

you must be! It takes me such a time to find out what is in
a book. But then you are very, very old. You have had a
great many years to do it in."

"Humph!" said Betts, pushing his fingers through his thick,

grizzly hair, and hardly knowing what to make of this
remark.

"Can you read Greek, Mr. Betts?" asked Margery eagerly.

"My father can read Greek—can you?"

"No, miss, that I can't," said Michael, looking as if he did

not quite like to own his inferiority; "but now, about this
book you want. I believe I have a 'Pilgrim's Progress'
somewhere, if only I can lay my hand on it. Ah, I think I
know where it is."

He drew forward his library steps, mounted them, and after

a brief search amongst the books on an upper shelf came
down with one in his hand, which he dusted carefully ere he
showed it to Margery.

"Here's the book you want, missy," he said, bending down

to her as he held it open. "The back's a bit shabby; but the
reading is all right. And there are pictures, too."

"Oh, how lovely!" exclaimed Margery, in delighted tones. "I

do love books with pictures, don't you? Ah, there is poor
Christian with his burden on his back. Oh, weren't you glad,
Mr. Betts, when his burden fell off?"

"I glad?" said Mr. Betts, looking puzzled. "I don't understand
you."

He had once read the "Pilgrim's Progress," wading through

it with difficulty, many years ago; but had found it a book
he "could make nothing of."

"When you read about it, I mean," said Margery. "But p'raps
it's so long ago that you have forgotten. Mother says the
burden means sin, and every one has that burden to carry
till Jesus takes it away. Have you lost your burden, Mr.
Betts?"
"My burden?" repeated Betts, more puzzled than ever.

"Yes—your burden of sin. You're a sinner, aren't you?"

"Indeed, miss, you're under a mistake," said Michael stiffly.

"I know there are plenty of sinners in London; but I am not
to be counted amongst them. I can honestly say that I
never did anything wrong in my life."

Margery stood looking at him, her blue eyes opened to their

widest extent, expressing the utmost wonder.

"Oh, Mr. Betts! Never in all your life! And you have lived so
many years! What a very, very good man you must be!
Why, I am always doing naughty things, though I do try to
be good. And I thought everybody did wrong things
sometimes. But never in all your life—"

"Well, here's the book, little missy, if you like to take it,"
said Michael, finding her remarks embarrassing, and
wishing to put an end to them. "The price is one shilling and
fourpence."

"But I have only a shilling," said Margery, giving him her

two sixpences; "that won't be enough, will it?"

"That'll do, thank you, miss. Any day that you're passing
you may bring me the fourpence."

"Oh, thank you, Mr. Betts!" said Margery, delighted. "I won't
forget. How pleased Noel will be! But I must go now, or
nurse will be angry. I expect she will say it was naughty of
me to come alone. Good-bye, Mr. Betts."

"Good day, missy."

He opened the door for her, and she passed out, shaking
back her sunny curls. But when she was half-way up the
steps she suddenly stopped, stood in thought for a moment,
and then turned back.

"Mr. Betts," she said, thrusting her pretty head inside the
door again.

"Well, missy?"

"I can't understand about your never doing wrong. Mother

says Jesus died for sinful people, and I thought that every
one had sinned. But if you've never done wrong, then Jesus
can't have died for you. It's very strange."

"Is it, miss?" said Michael, with a grim smile. "Well, don't
you trouble your pretty self about me. It's all right. There's
some things, you know, that little folks can't understand."

"Oh, there are, I know, lots. I'm always finding that out. But
it's horrid not to be able to understand. Well, good-bye."

She ran off again, and was quickly out of sight.

"What a little chatterbox!" said Michael to himself; "what an

extraordinary child! But why should they stuff her head with
those old-fashioned theological ideas? I suppose she was
right in a sense about my being a sinner. These old
theologians would say so, at any rate. And in church, people
confess themselves miserable sinners, but not one in a
hundred means it. Anyhow, I'm sure of this, that if there
was no one worse than me in the world to-day, it would be
a very different world from what it is. So that is Professor
Lavers' little girl. I wonder if she'll remember the
fourpence."
 CHAPTER II
A NEIGHBOUR

THOUGH for many years, Michael Betts had lived in

loneliness, his life had not always been so lonely. As a
young man, he had had his widowed mother to care for, and
a brother, some ten years younger than himself, had shared
their home. There had been other children who had passed
away in infancy. Only these two, the eldest and the
youngest, remained, and the mother loved them
passionately, if not wisely.

It was perhaps not strange that between brothers so widely

parted by years, there should be no very close bond of
sympathy. But the distinction between them was more
marked than that which mere age would effect. Their
characters were wholly different. The disposition of the
elder brother had always been serious, his behaviour
correct, his words and ways prudent and cautious beyond
his years. The bearing of the other afforded a great
contrast. Frank from boyhood was distinguished by wild
spirits; he was restless and reckless in his ways, bent upon
pleasure and regardless of its cost, and disposed to chaff
his grave, prudent brother.

The two could not understand each other. Michael,

conscious of his own rectitude, was keenly alive to his
brother's faults, and disposed to think the very worst of
him. He was vexed with his mother when she persistently
found excuses for Frank's failings, and reiterated her fond
belief that he "meant no harm," and would "come right
some day."

Whilst she lived to keep peace in the home, there was no

open breach between the brothers. Unhappily, she passed
away ere Frank had fully attained to manhood. His mother's
death was a grief to Michael. He had loved her truly, in spite
of a sense of her incapacity and wrong-headedness on
many points, notably on those which concerned her younger
son. Sometimes it had almost seemed as if she loved Frank,
in spite of all his faults, better than the son whose
meritoriousness had ever been apparent.

Yet Michael meant well by his brother when their mother's

death left them together. He had promised her when she lay
dying that he would be as a father to Frank; and he
intended to keep that promise. He would do his duty by
Frank; he would care for him and look after his interests as
an elder brother should. To be sure, he expected that Frank
would respond as he should to his fraternal kindness, and
show a fitting sense of what the bond between them
entailed upon him. But such an expectation was most vain.
Frank was what he had always been.

Shortly after his mother's death, Michael, who had been

saving money carefully for years, whilst working diligently
and acquiring business experience, was able to take the
corner house and open a book-shop on his own account. He
counted on Frank's assistance in working it. He thought the
business would provide a future for his young brother as
well as for himself. But it was a disastrous experiment he
was now undertaking. Frank had little inclination to work
steadily as his brother's assistant. His careless, irregular
ways tried Michael's patience beyond endurance. He
reproached his brother bitterly; but his rebukes only elicited
insolence and defiance.

Frank left his brother in anger, and found a situation for

himself elsewhere. He did not keep it long, however. From
idle, he fell into sinful courses. Lower and lower he drifted,
till Michael saw him only when he came to beg for relief
from the starvation to which his profligacy had reduced him.
Michael dreaded his appearance. He could not bear that any
of his customers should know that such a disreputable man
was his brother.

But he never refused Frank food or a night's lodging, till

after one of these brief visitations he missed a valuable
classic, and was convinced that his brother had stolen it.
Then he vowed that he would do nothing more for Frank. If
his brother dared to come near him again, thinking to lay
thievish hands on his goods, he would give him in charge.
No one could say that he had failed in his duty towards his
brother. No, he had kept his promise to his mother as far as
it was in his power to keep it. He could do no more. Frank
must reap as he had sown.

Michael never had occasion to put his threat into execution.

His brother, perhaps, divined too well what he might expect.
However that might be, Michael saw his face no more, and
was thankful not to see it. As years passed on and he heard
no more of Frank, he was able to persuade himself that his
brother was dead. And as this conviction deepened within
him, it became easier and easier to banish from his mind
the thought of his unhappy brother.

His business absorbed his whole attention. It prospered,

and year by year he was able to lay by money. This result
he found most satisfactory. Gradually, but surely, the love of
gain became the chief passion of his soul. His own wants
were few and simple, and he had no one besides himself on
whom to spend money, so his savings grew apace, and he
hugged to his heart the knowledge that he was making a
nice little sum. He never asked himself what good the
money was to do, or for whom he was saving it. He forgot
that he was growing old, and that a time must soon come
when he would have to leave all that he possessed. He
loved to think that he was growing rich; never suspecting
how miserably poor he was in all that makes the true
wealth of human life.

It was rarely now that Michael gave a thought to his

unhappy brother; but on the evening of the day which had
surprised him by bringing such a quaint little customer to
his shop, he found his mind strangely disposed to revert to
his own early days. It was a most unusual thing for him to
speak with a little child. He could not remember when he
had done so before. Had he been asked if he liked children,
he would have answered the question decidedly in the
negative. He certainly detested the boys of the
neighbourhood, who were wont to annoy him by hanging
about his shop of an evening, and laying their careless
fingers on his books, and who had very objectionable ways
of retaliating when he reproved them. But a fair, dainty,
blue-eyed, childlike Margery was quite another thing. Her
sweet, rosy face, shaded by drooping curls, rose again and
again before his mental vision, and her childish voice
repeated itself in his ears as he sat patching and mending
some of the shabbier of his books.

And somehow those sweet accents carried his memory back

to the days of his own childhood. He remembered a little
sister who had died; he recalled the bitterness of the tears
he had shed as he looked on her still, marble face, lying in
the little coffin; he saw his mother weeping as though her
heart would break; he saw baby Frank looking in surprise