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Hesss Law
Hesss Law
Hesss Law
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General Chemistry 2
Quarter 2- Week 3 (Module 15)
Hess’s Law
General Chemistry 2 (SHS-STEM)
Quarter 2 – Week 3 (Module 15): Hess’s Law
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Hess’s Law
LESSON
CALCULATING ENTHALPY USING HESS’S LAW
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Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if the statement is incorrect in the
given blank.
3. The enthalpy change that happens in a reaction is slow. Thus, we can use
5. The first stem to compute for change in enthalpy is to balance the individual
equations. ______________
Learning Activities
A. Engage
Can you still recall your knowledge in Grade 10
about balancing chemical equations? Try to
balance the following equations below:
What are the steps that you made to balance the chemical equations above?
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We need to go back with balancing chemical equation since it is the first step
that is needed in today’s lesson – calculating the enthalpy change using Hess’s Law.
Hess’s Law, or in some reference, Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation
states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy
change for the reaction is the sum of all changes. This law is a manifestation of a
state function.
Enthalpy change cannot be accurately measured during an actual chemical
reaction in a laboratory. That is why we use steps in order for us to solve for the
enthalpy change in a chemical reaction using the Hess’s Law.
What are the steps in solving the enthalpy of combustion? Sequence the
given steps below by writing the number in your notebook (1-1st step to 5-5th step)
___Flip equations around if necessary to cancel out terms on opposite sides.
___Sum up the individual steps.
___Balance the individual equation.
___If necessary, look up standard enthalpies.
___Changing the equation around requires a sign change of the H of that individual step
Note: Do not proceed if you are not yet done with the activity.
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There are no definite steps in solving for the enthalpy
individual step
In other words, if we can break down the reaction of interest into a series of
reactions for which ΔHo rxn can be measured, we can calculate ΔHo rxn for the overall
reaction. Hess’s law is based on the fact that because H is a state function, ΔH
depends only on the initial and final state (that is, only on the nature of reactants and
products). The enthalpy change would be the same whether the overall reaction
An analogy for Hess’s law is as follows. Suppose you go from the first floor to
the sixth floor of a building by elevator. The gain in your gravitational potential energy
(which corresponds to the enthalpy change for the overall process) is the same
whether you go directly there or stop at each floor on your way up (breaking the trip
into a series of steps). Let’s say we are interested in the standard enthalpy of
formation of carbon monoxide (CO). We might represent the reaction as:
C(graphite) + ½ O2(g) → CO(g)
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However, burning graphite also produces some carbon dioxide (CO 2), so we
cannot measure the enthalpy change for CO directly as shown. Instead, we must
employ an indirect route, based on Hess’s law. It is possible to carry out the following
Because chemical equations can be added and subtracted just like algebraic
Thus, ΔHof (CO) = -110.5 kJ/mol. Looking back, we see that the overall
reaction is the formation of CO2 [Equation (a)], which can be broken down into two
parts [Equations (d) and (b)]. Take note also that if the is positive, the reaction
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The general rule in applying Hess’s law is to arrange a series of chemical
together, all species will cancel except for the reactants and products that appear in
the overall reaction. This means that we want the elements on the left and the
compound of interest on the right of the arrow. Further, we often need to multiply
some or all of the equations representing the individual steps by the appropriate
coefficients.
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On the example given above, did it follow the step-by-step process? Write down your
observations below:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
Hess’s law states that the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the
sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps that make up the overall
reaction. The standard enthalpy of a reaction can be calculated from the standard
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Keep this in mind:
• Standard enthalpy changes denoted by the symbol H .This is used when the
substances are in their standard states. The standard state of a
reactant/product which is its moststable form is defined as its pure form at
standard pressure of 1 atm.
• Any of these signs/notations ΔHof, ΔHorxn, or simply ΔH may be used with
the same value/magnitude of heat.
• In finding the target or net equation for Hess' Law problems, check on the
specified states of the Reactants and Products.
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DIRECTIONS: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer in your
science notebook.
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8-10. Calculate the enthalpy of this reaction:
POST TEST
1. Clara was tasked by his teacher to research about enthalpy. Before she can
understand the topic, she has to know its definition first. Which of the following
c. It is used to identify the number of moles in the reactant and the product.
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3. Below are steps in solving for the enthalpy change EXCEPT:
4. It is the last step in solving for the enthalpy change using Hess’s Law.
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➢ Acetylene is a colorless gas that is widely used as a fuel.
➢ Endothermic reactions are processes that absorb heat from the surrounding
➢ Enthalpy is the amount change in energy in a chemical reaction.
➢ Enthalpy of a reaction is simply the difference in enthalpy between products
and reactants.
➢ Exothermic reactions are processes the give off heat to the surroundings
➢ Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in
a hexagonal structure.
➢ Hess’s law states that the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to
the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps that make up the overall
reaction.
Your Assignment.
Try to create a sample word problem about Hess’s Law. Include your solution
following the given steps on the discussion as your guide. If you are having a
difficult time, just try to make one. Your teacher is here to guide you and correct
your mistakes and address your difficulties. Good luck.
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Pre-test (TRY THIS)
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
Engage (DO THIS)
1. C5H12 + 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2O
2. Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Evaluate (ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED)
1. C
2. C
3. Balance the individual equation
4. If necessary, look up standard enthalpies
5. Flip equations around if necessary to cancel out terms on opposite sides
6. Changing the equation around requires a sign change of the H of that
individual step
7. Sum up the individual steps
8-10.
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Post Test
A.
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. a
5. b
B.
A. Books:
o Chang, R. (2008). General Chemistry. New York. The Mc-Graw Hill
Companies, Inc.
o Religioso, T. (2008). You and the Natural World of Chemistry. Quezon
City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc
B. Guides:
o Prototype and Contextualized Daily Lesson Plans in Science 5
Developed by SDO Albay, 2019
C. Websites:
Accessed last June 27, 2020
o https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
o https://chemlibtextx.com
o https://study.com
o https://sky-web.net
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