Name: Date:

Class:

Speed of Reaction

A. Choose the correct answer.

1. A student reacts strips of zinc with dilute

sulfuric acid and measures the time taken
to produce 100 cm3 of hydrogen. The
experiment is repeated using different
conditions. The results are shown in the
table. Which changes in conditions produce the results shown in experiment 2?

1. Add a catalyst. 3. Use zinc powder.

2. Dilute the acid. 4. Heat the acid.

a. 1, 3 and 4 only c. 2 and 3 only

b. 1 and 4 only d. 2 and 4 only

2. Lumps of limestone react with dilute hydrochloric acid according to the equation
shown.

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Which change in conditions decreases the rate of the reaction?

a. Increase the concentration of the acid
b. Increase the volume of the acid
c. Increase the size of the lumps of limestone
d. Increase the temperature

3. In which reaction is the pressure least likely to affect the rate of reaction?
a. C (s) + CO2 (g) → 2CO (g)
b. 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g)
c. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)
d. NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

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 4. Consider the following equation:

2H2O2 (aq) → 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)

When a piece of raw potato was added to the above reaction, the reaction rate increased
dramatically. An enzyme in the potato was found to be responsible for the increase in
the reaction rate. In this reaction, the enzyme would be referred to as _____.
a. a catalyst c. an activated complex
b. an inhibitor d. a reaction intermediate

5. When an excess of copper(II) carbonate reacts with dilute sulphuric acid, the reaction
becomes slower gradually. It finally stops. Which of the following reasons best explains
why this happens?
a. The copper(II) carbonate is coated with insoluble salt.
b. The copper(II) carbonate does not react well in dilute sulphuric acid.
c. The copper(II) carbonate has caused the acid to be used up completely.
d. The copper(II) carbonate has completely used up in the reaction.

6. Magnesium is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid of the same concentration in four
experiments using different conditions. Which reaction finished in the shortest time?
a. 2 g of magnesium powder in 50 cm3 of dilute HCl at 45 °C
b. 2 g of magnesium powder in 50 cm3 of dilute HCl at 50 °C
c. 2 g of magnesium ribbon in 50 cm3 of dilute HCl at 45 °C
d. 2 g of magnesium ribbon in 50 cm3 of dilute HCl at 50 °C

7. A chemical reaction occurs when the reacting particles collide.

Which reaction conditions would produce the greatest rate of particle collisions?

Concentration of acid Reaction temperature

a. Decrease Decrease
b. No change Increase
c. Increase Increase
d. Increase No change

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8. The rate of reaction between calcium carbonate chips and hydrochloric acid is studied
by collecting the volume of gas released in one minute at different temperatures.
A graph of rate of reaction against temperature is shown.

Which statement fully explains why increasing the temperature has this effect on the
rate?
a. The kinetic energy of the particles increases so the collisions are harder.
b. The number of collisions between particles increases.
c. The activation energy needed for the particles to react is reduced.
d. There are more frequent collisions between particles with enough energy to react.

9. The graph shows the results of two

experiments investigating the rate of
reaction between excess calcium carbonate
and dilute hydrochloric acid. In each
experiment the volume of carbon dioxide
produced is measured at fixed time intervals.
Which statement describes the difference in conditions between experiments 1 and 2?
a. In experiment 2 a higher concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid is used.
b. In experiment 2 a higher temperature is used.
c. In experiment 2 the mass of calcium carbonate is greater.
d. In experiment 2 the particle size of calcium carbonate is greater.

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10. The rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is investigated.
The volume of hydrogen given off at different times is measured.
The results are shown.

Which conclusions are correct?

1. The rate is fastest between 0 and 20 seconds.

2. The maximum volume of hydrogen given off is 22 cm3.
3. At 40 seconds, 20 cm3 of hydrogen is given off.

a. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only

b. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3

11. Hydrogen peroxide solution decomposes very

slowly at room temperature to produce oxygen
gas. This gas forms a rising foam when liquid
detergent is added. Five test-tubes are half filled
with hydrogen peroxide solution. A drop of
liquid detergent is added to each one. Different
metal oxides are added to four of the test-tubes
and the height of the foam formed after 1 minute is measured. The results are shown.
Which conclusion can be drawn from these results?
a. Metal oxides do not affect the rate of this reaction.
b. All metal oxides increase the rate of this reaction and act as catalysts.
c. Manganese(IV) oxide is the best catalyst of the four metal oxides tested.
d. Only transition element oxides increase the rate of this reaction.

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12. Which statement about catalysts in chemical reactions is not correct?
a. Catalysts are not used up in the reaction.
b. Catalysts increase the energy of the reacting particles.
c. Catalysts increase the rate of the reaction.
d. Catalysts lower the activation energy.

13. A liquid X reacts with solid Y to form a gas. Which two diagrams show suitable
methods for investigating the rate (speed) of the reaction?

a. 1 and 3 b. 1 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 2 and 4

14. Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:

2HCl (aq) + Na2S2O3 (aq) → S (s) + H2SO3 (aq) + 2NaCl (aq)

Decreasing the concentration of Na2S2O3 (aq) decreases the rate of reaction because the
_____.
a. activation energy decreases
b. activation energy increases
c. frequency of effective collisions decreases
d. frequency of effective collisions increases

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15. What is the best definition of rate of reaction?
a. The time it takes to use up all the reactants.
b. The rate at which all the reactants are used up.
c. The time it takes for one of the reactants to be used up.
d. The increase in concentration of a product per unit time

B. Answer the following questions.

16. Ethanol can be made by the fermentation of glucose.

Yeast are living single-cell fungi which ferment glucose by anaerobic respiration. This
reaction is catalysed by enzymes from the yeast. The following observations were
noted.

• When a small amount of yeast was added to the aqueous glucose the reaction started
and the solution went slightly cloudy.
• The reaction rate increased and the solution became cloudier and warmer.
• After a while, the reaction rate decreased and eventually stopped, leaving a 14%
solution of ethanol in water.

(a) Why did the reaction rate increase?

(b) Suggest an explanation for the increase in cloudiness of the solution.

(c) Give two reasons why the fermentation stopped.

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17. In an experiment, iron reacts with hydrochloric acid to form iron chloride and hydrogen
gas. The experiment uses three different sized pieces of iron. The sizes of the pieces of
iron are large pieces, small pieces and iron powder.
(a) Complete the table below by writing the sizes of the pieces in the first column.

Sizes of the pieces of iron Rate of reaction in cm3 hydrogen / min

25
3
10

(b) The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction of
hydrochloric acid with iron.

(i) Describe the effect of temperature on the rate of this reaction.

(ii) Determine the rate of reaction at 60 °C.

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18. The rate of reaction of iron(II) carbonate with hydrochloric acid can be determined by
measuring the time taken to produce 20 cm3 of carbon dioxide. A student measured the
time taken to produce 20 cm3 of carbon dioxide at three different temperatures.
In each experiment the student used:
● 1 g of large pieces of iron(II) carbonate
● dilute hydrochloric acid of the same concentration and volume.

The results are shown in the table.

Temperature (°C) Time (s)

20 38
25 30
30 19

(a) Use the information in the table to describe how the rate of reaction changes with
temperature.

(b) Describe the effect of each of the following on the rate of this reaction at constant
temperature.
(i) Smaller pieces of iron(II) carbonate are used.
All other conditions stay the same.

(ii) The concentration of hydrochloric acid is decreased.

All other conditions stay the same.

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19. Cobalt is a transition element. Cobalt reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to make the
salt cobalt(II) chloride. Bubbles of hydrogen gas are produced.
(a) The rate of reaction of cobalt with dilute hydrochloric acid can be made faster by
heating the acid or by increasing its concentration. State one other way to make
the rate of reaction faster.

(b) Use collision theory to explain how heating the dilute hydrochloric acid makes the
rate of reaction faster.

20. The mass of a burning candle is monitored to determine

the rate of combustion of paraffin. An accepted reaction
for the combustion of paraffin is:

2C28H58 (s) + 85O2 (g) → 58H2O (g) + 56CO2 (s)

From an experiment, the following data is observed: Time Mass of

(a) Calculate the average rate of consumption of (minutes) candle (g)
0.0 25.6
paraffin in g/min for the time interval 12.0 to 6.0 25.1
24.0 minutes. 12.0 24.5
18.0 23.9
24.0 23.4
30.0 22.8

(b) Calculate the rate of CO2 production in mol/min for the time interval 12.0 to 24.0
minutes.