Quarter 4 Semi Finals

Reviewer 2023-2024
The different properties used to describe gas are
pressure, temperature and volume.
For containers having the same number of gas molecules,
the container with the smaller volume will experience
higher pressure that the container with a larger volume.

Greater Volume,
Lesser Volume, lower pressure
higher pressure
Describing Gas Pressure

Units:
Atm, torr, N/m2, Pa, mmHg,
psi

Number or gas particles:

More gas particles, more
pressure exerted
Gas has mass

Less Mass

More Mass
Air can still be pumped inside a balloon even though it is already
inflated since gas is compressible.
Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely
proportional to pressure
Boyle’s Law Example:

Water pressure increases with

depth. As a result, when one
swims to greater depths, the lungs
gets compressed
Boyle’s Law Example:

If the pressure is doubled, the

volume will be reduced to half
Boyle’s Law Example:

Air bubbles increase in size as

It approaches the surface
Due to lower water pressure
Boyle’s Law Example:

Deep sea fishes die when

brought to the surface due to a
decreased pressure. This results
in the increased volume of
gases in their bodies.
Boyle’s Law Example:

The volume inside of a Lesser

number of
balloon will increase if gas
molecules,
brought to a high altitude less
since pressure there is pressure

lesser
Greater
number of
gas
molecules,
greater
pressure
Boyle’s Law Example:

When the pressure of a

bicycle tire decreases, the
volume of the tire increases
(tire becomes flat or less
inflated)
This is how Boyle’s Law would look like if represented in a
graph

Inverse Proportion
Boyle’s Law Computation Example

A gas occupies 8.62 liters at a pressure of 1.51 atm.

Determine the volume if the pressure is increased to
2.5 atm.
V1=?
P1=?
V2=?
P2=?
 Solving for initial Solving for final
General Formula conditions conditions

𝑉2 𝑃2 𝑉1 𝑃1
𝑉1 = = 𝑃2
𝑃1 𝑉2
𝑉2 𝑃2 𝑉1 𝑃1
𝑃1 = = 𝑉2
𝑉1 𝑃2
Boyle’s Law Computation Example

A gas occupies 8.62 liters at a pressure of 1.51 atm.

Determine the volume if the pressure is increased to
2.5 atm.
V1=8.62 L 𝑉1 𝑃1 (8.62𝐿)(1.51 𝑎𝑡𝑚)
P1=1.51 atm = 𝑉2
V2=?
𝑃2 2.5 𝑎𝑡𝑚
P2=2.5 atm
= 5.21𝐿
Charles’ Law states that the volume occupied by a fixed
amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute
temperature, if the pressure remains constant.
Charles’ Law example:
A balloon expands when subjected to heat
Charles’ Law example:
Hot air balloon
Charles’ Law example:
Pressure Cooker
Charles’ Law example:
The volume of the dough increases as its temperature
increases.
This is how the relationship of volume and temperature is
illustrated in Charles’ Law

𝑉 ∝𝑇
Where:

V – Volume
T - Temperature
This is how Charles’ Law would look like if expressed in a
graph. As the temperature increases, the volume
increases.
To determine the value of a dependent variable on a graph,
get the intercept of the x and y value. For example, at
375K, the volume of gas would be 300 mL
Charles’ Law Computation Example

At 200.0 °C a gas has a volume of 6.00 L. What is the

volume of this gas at -22.0 °C?

T1=?
V1=?
T2=?
V2=?
 Equations for Charles’ Law

𝑇1 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑇2
𝑉1 = = 𝑉2
𝑇2 𝑇1
Where:
V1 – Initial Volume 𝑉1 𝑇2 𝑇1 𝑉2
T1 – Initial Temperature
V2 – Final Volume 𝑇1 = = 𝑇2
T2 – Final Temperature 𝑉2 𝑉1
Charles’ Law Computation Example

At 200.0 °C a gas has a volume of 6.00 L. What is the

volume of this gas at -22.0 °C?

T1=200.0 °C +273 = 473K (6.00𝐿)(251𝐾)

V1=6.00 L
T2=-22.0 °C +273 = 251K
473𝐾
V2=?
𝑉1 𝑇2
= 𝑉2 = 3.18K
𝑇1
Monomers are single basic building units of all organic
compounds. They can be composed of more than one
atom and exhibits patterns which are repeated.
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Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen are elements which are
common on all types of biomolecules
Carbohydrates are biomolecules which are the main
source of energy because it can be easily broken down
Glucose is an example of Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are biomolecules which may cause
weight gain
Condensation Reaction or simply condensation is the
process of joining two monosaccharides to form a
Disaccharide
Polysaccharides include Starch, Glycogen and
Cellulose
Amino Acids are building blocks of the biomolecule,
protein

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We can get a steady supply of amino acids from proteins
rich diet

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• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.
Enzymes speed up reactions in the body and eventually
use up in the process.

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Major sources of protein are Eggs, Fish and Milk

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Proteins helps in building and repairing tissue

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The most abundant of the lipids are the fats and oils.

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Oleic Acid is a type of Lipid

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This is how the structure of a saturated fatty acid looks
like

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DNA and RNA are two kinds of Nucleic Acids
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