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Top 42 Electrical Machines Interview Questions (2023) - Javatpoint
Top 42 Electrical Machines Interview Questions (2023) - Javatpoint
Top 42 Electrical Machines Interview Questions (2023) - Javatpoint
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10/31/23, 5:10 PM Top 42 Electrical Machines Interview Questions (2023) - javatpoint
2. In the case of open circuit winding, full voltage is transferred from the primary side to the
secondary, and this can burn the equipment.
1. These are used for the interconnection of the power system at different voltage levels like
132KV and 230KV.
2. In the distribution system, autotransformers are used to boost the supply voltage.
3. Autotransformers can be used for starting induction motors and synchronous motors if it has
many tappings.
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1. The Magnetic system is required for the production of the magnetic field.
2. Armature system is required for the houses of conductors on which the EMF is to be induced.
The advantages of the stationary armature and rotating field system are as follows:
4. In this Slip rings and brushes are not necessary, and we can easily supply the output current
to the load circuit.
In AC/DC motor or Generator, the stationary part of the system is called the Stator, and the rotating
components of the system, i.e., either in generator or motor is called the Rotor.
8) What are the Advantages of the three-phase motor over Single phase
motor?
The advantages of three Phase motor over single phase motor are as follows:
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Eddy current losses can be minimized by laminating the core and insulating the core from each
other with paper or varnish.
High-speed alternators are called Turbo Alternators. Because of the high speed of rotation, the
diameter of the rotor is reduced, and the axial length is increased. In this two or four poles machine
are used, and steam turbines are used as prime movers.
12) What are the various types of Rotor used in the Alternators?
3. Wound Rotor.
4. Cylindrical Rotor.
Pole pitch is defined as the distance between the Centres of two adjacent poles. In which one pole
pitch is equal to 180 electrical degrees. We can also describe it as the number of slots per pole.
Coil Span is defined as the distance between the two coil sides of a coil. We can also express it in
electrical degrees or many slots.
Full pitched winding are those winding in which the coil span is equal to the pole pitch.
Short pitched winding are those in which the coil span is less than the pole pitch. These winding are
also called as short-chorded winding.
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AD
3. The generated EMF in the winding can be made approximate to a sine wave, and the
distorting harmonics can also be reduced in these winding.
1. In these winding the total voltage around the coil reduces. Because the voltage that induces
in the two coils is out of phase.
18) Why the efficiency of a three-phase induction is the motor is less than
that of a three-phase transformer?
The efficiency of a three-phase induction motor is less than three-phase transformer because three-
phase induction motor is like a rotating transformer and because of the rotating nature of induction
motor there is friction and winding losses in it. Three phase transformer is a static device; therefore,
there are no rotational losses.
19) Why is the air gap between the pole pieces and the armature kept very
small?
The air gap between the pole pieces and the armature is kept very small because of the following
reasons:
3. If the air gap will be large than stronger air gap is needed to produce the required voltage;
therefore, the air gap is kept very small.
4. Because of the reason that flux lines can pass through iron very quickly than the air gap.
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The commutation of the DC machine must be as ideal as possible for having smoother output
voltage. For good commutation, the flux density in the air gap must decrease gradually from
maximum value under the center of the pole to zero.
AD
21) The series field winding has low resistance while the shunt field winding
has high resistance. Why?
In the case of the generator, the series winding takes the full load current so, it requires very few
turns to produce the necessary magnetic field, and therefore the series field winding has low
resistance. But in the case of shunt winding the shunt resistance has full load voltage across it and
requires a large number of turns to limit the current in it; therefore, the shunt field windings has
high resistance.
1. The generator's polarity must be the same, or the connections must be interchanged until the
polarity becomes the same.
3. The change of voltage with the change of load should be of the same character.
4. The positive and negative of the bus bar must be appropriately connected with positive and
negative terminals of the generator.
5. There must be stable and similar rotational speed characteristics for the prime movers driving
the generator.
23) What are the reasons for the parallel operation of transformers?
3. The space capacity of the substation can be reduced by parallel operation if we connect
transformers of standard size.
4. The parallel connection maximizes the electrical power system availability as we can shut
down any system for maintenance without affecting other system performance.
1. Yoke Poles.
2. Armature.
3. Field winding.
4. Armature Winding.
5. Commutator brushes.
The device which converts the alternating induced emf of a generator to the DC emf is called
Commutator. In the case of the motor, it produces unidirectional torque.
When a coil undergoes Commutation in a coil then an EMF is induced, and this induced EMF is
called reactance voltage.
An armature coil has certain self-inductance, and when the coil undergoes commutation then there
is a change in current (di) in that coil, and the commutation takes certain time (dt) thus the coil
undergoing commutation has self-induced EMF which is given by L(di/dt).
An electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called an
electric motor.
Almost all the motors operate by the interaction between the magnetic field and current carrying
conductors to generate force.
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When a current carrying conductor is placed in an external magnetic field perpendicular to the
conductor, the conductor experiences a perpendicular force to itself and the external magnetic field.
The main principle behind the production of mechanical force is the interaction between the electric
current and magnetic field.
To find the direction of the force experienced on a conductor can find out by the right-hand rule for
the force.
1. A.C Motors.
2. D.C Motors.
AC motors are electric motors that are driven by an alternating current. It consists of two parts an
outside stationary stator and inside the rotor. The outer stators have coils that are supplied by an
alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field and inside rotor is attached by output shaft,
and the torque is provided to it by the rotating field.
The machine that transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of rotation is
called DC motor. Its movement is produced by the physical behavior of the electromagnetism. The
magnetic field used to generate movement is produced by the inductors inside them, or we can say
that DC motors are mechanically commutated electric motors that are driven by Direct Current (DC).
1. Industrial fans.
2. Machine tools.
3. Household Applications.
4. Record Players.
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5. Disk Drives.
6. Power tools.
The motor which is designed to operate on AC and DC power both is known as Universal motor or
Series wound motor. It performs very well on AC because in case of AC the current in both the field
and the armature alternates in synchronism manner and hence, the resulting mechanical force
occurs in the constant direction of rotation.
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Slip speed is the difference between the synchronous speed and the actual speed of the rotor. The
formula for Slip is:
Skewing of cage rotor conductors helps to reduce the noise during operation.
The locking of the stator and rotor teeth is reduced because of skewing of cage rotor
conductors.
AD
Iron loss is the sum of hysteresis loss (Ph) and eddy current loss (Pe). This type of loss mainly occurs
in the magnetic core of the transformer.
Pi = Ph + Pe
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The loss which takes place in the primary and secondary winding of the transformer because of the
winding resistance is called the Copper loss or I2R loss.
The Total copper loss in the transformer = Primary winding copper loss + Secondary winding
copper loss
The losses that occur in insulating materials, that is, in the transformer oil and the solid insulation of
transformer are known as a dielectric loss.
The Open-Circuit test and Short-Circuit test are performed to determine the circuit constant,
efficiency and regulation of a transformer, without loading the transformer. The power consumption
of these loads is very less.
AD
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