GROUP MEMBERS

1. 2021UEI2825 Kinsuk Singh

2. 2021UEI2807 Atul Kumar Prajapati
3. 2021UEI2803 Imtiyazuddin
4. 2021UEI2831 Vijay Kumar

Internet of Things SMART Applications

Home Automation

Home automation is the use of technology to automate tasks in the home. Industrial IoT
(IIoT) technologies can be used to connect and control a variety of devices in the home,
such as lights, thermostats, and security systems. This can help to improve efficiency,
convenience, and security.

Benefits of home automation

● Increased efficiency: Home automation can help to automate tasks in the

home, such as turning off lights and adjusting the thermostat. This can help to
save energy and time.
● Improved convenience: Home automation can make it more convenient to
control devices in the home. For example, homeowners can use a smartphone
app to turn on lights, adjust the thermostat, and check the security system.
● Enhanced security: Home automation can help to enhance security by
providing homeowners with remote access to their security system. Homeowners
 can also use home automation to create rules for their security system, such as
turning on the lights when motion is detected.

IIoT technologies for home automation

● Sensors: Sensors can be used to collect data on a variety of environmental

factors in the home, such as temperature, motion, and light levels.
● Actuators: Actuators can be used to control a variety of devices in the home,
such as lights, thermostats, and security systems.
● Communication networks: Communication networks are needed to connect
sensors and actuators to a central control system.
● Software applications: Software applications are needed to collect, analyze,
and visualize data from sensors, and to control actuators.

Examples of home automation

● Smart thermostats: Smart thermostats can learn homeowners' heating and

cooling preferences and adjust the thermostat accordingly. This can help to save
energy and money.
● Smart lights: Smart lights can be turned on and off remotely, and can also be
programmed to turn on and off at certain times of day. This can help to save
energy and improve security.
● Smart security systems: Smart security systems can be used to monitor the
home for intruders and to notify homeowners of any problems. Smart security
systems can also be integrated with other home automation devices, such as
lights and thermostats.
● Smart appliances: Smart appliances can be connected to the internet and
controlled remotely. For example, homeowners can use a smartphone app to
start the dishwasher or to preheat the oven.
● Voice assistants: Voice assistants, such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home,
can be used to control home automation devices. Homeowners can use voice
commands to turn on lights, adjust the thermostat, and play music.
City Automation

City automation is the use of technology to improve the efficiency and sustainability of
cities. Industrial IoT (IIoT) technologies can be used to connect and control a variety of
infrastructure systems in cities, including traffic lights, streetlights, and parking meters.
This can help to improve traffic flow, reduce energy consumption, and make cities safer
and more livable.

Benefits of city automation

● Improved efficiency: City automation can help to improve the efficiency of

various city services, such as traffic management, waste collection, and energy
management.
● Reduced costs: City automation can help to reduce costs by improving
efficiency and reducing the need for manual intervention.
● Improved sustainability: City automation can help to improve the sustainability
of cities by reducing energy consumption and improving air quality.
● Enhanced safety: City automation can help to enhance public safety by
improving traffic flow and reducing street crime.
 ● Improved quality of life: City automation can help to improve the quality of life
for residents by making cities more efficient, sustainable, and safe.

IIoT technologies for city automation

● Sensors: Sensors can be used to collect data on a variety of environmental

factors, such as traffic flow, air quality, and noise levels.
● Actuators: Actuators can be used to control a variety of infrastructure systems,
such as traffic lights, streetlights, and parking meters.
● Communication networks: Communication networks are needed to connect
sensors and actuators to a central control system.
● Software applications: Software applications are needed to collect, analyze,
and visualize data from sensors, and to control actuators.

Examples of city automation

● Smart parking: Smart parking systems use sensors and actuators to detect and
manage parking spaces. These systems can help to reduce traffic congestion
and make it easier for drivers to find parking.
● Smart traffic lights: Smart traffic lights use sensors to collect data on traffic flow
and adjust their timing accordingly. These systems can help to improve traffic
flow and reduce congestion.
● Smart street lights: Smart streetlights use sensors to adjust their brightness
based on the time of day and the amount of ambient light. This can help to
reduce energy consumption and light pollution.
● Smart waste management: Smart waste management systems use sensors to
monitor the fill level of waste containers and send alerts when they need to be
emptied. This can help to improve the efficiency of waste collection and reduce
costs.
● Smart energy management: Smart energy management systems use sensors
and actuators to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.
These systems can be used to control a variety of energy-consuming devices,
such as streetlights, HVAC systems, and traffic signals.
 Fog and Cloud Computing

Fog computing:

● Decentralized computing infrastructure

● Extends cloud computing resources to the edge of the network
● Processes and analyzes data closer to where it is generated
● Reduces latency and improves performance for real-time applications
● Often used in conjunction with cloud computing
● Fog nodes act as intermediaries between edge devices and cloud data centers
Use cases for fog computing:

● Smart cities: Fog computing can be used to process and analyze data from
sensors in smart cities, such as traffic sensors, environmental sensors, and
public safety sensors.
● Industrial automation: Fog computing can be used to monitor and control
industrial equipment in real time.
● Healthcare: Fog computing can be used to collect and analyze patient data in
real time, which can improve patient care.
● Automotive: Fog computing can be used to process and analyze data from
sensors in cars, such as radar sensors, lidar sensors, and cameras.

Cloud computing:

● Centralized computing infrastructure

● Delivers on-demand computing resources over the Internet
● Resources include servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics,
and intelligence
● Benefits: scalability, elasticity, and cost-effectiveness
● Drawback: high latency for real-time applications

Use cases for cloud computing:

● Web applications: Cloud computing can be used to host web applications, such
as e-commerce websites, social media websites, and online gaming websites.
● Mobile applications: Cloud computing can be used to store and process data
for mobile applications.
● Business applications: Cloud computing can be used to host business
applications, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, customer
relationship management (CRM) systems, and supply chain management (SCM)
systems.
 Protocols:-

Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)

MQTT is a lightweight publish-subscribe messaging protocol designed for

resource-constrained devices and low-bandwidth networks. It is commonly used in
Internet of Things (IoT) applications to connect sensors and devices to the cloud.

Key Features:

● Lightweight and efficient

● Publish-subscribe messaging model
● Supports three levels of Quality of Service (QoS)
● Secure and reliable
● Widely supported by IoT platforms and devices
Use Cases:

● Sensor data collection and monitoring

● Industrial automation and control
● Smart cities and buildings
● Wearable devices and fitness trackers
● Vehicle telematics and fleet management

Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)

CoAP is a lightweight request-response protocol designed for resource-constrained

devices and low-bandwidth networks. It is similar to HTTP, but it is more lightweight and
efficient. CoAP is commonly used in IoT applications to connect sensors and devices to
the cloud.

Key Features:

● Lightweight and efficient

● Request-response messaging model
● Supports various request methods and response codes
● Secure and reliable
● Widely supported by IoT platforms and devices
Use Cases:

● Sensor data collection and actuation

● Smart home appliances and automation
● Wearable devices and fitness trackers
● Smart lighting and building control
● Industrial automation and control

Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

XMPP is an open-source XML-based messaging protocol. It is commonly used for

instant messaging, but it can also be used for other applications, such as file transfer
and video conferencing.

Key Features:

● Open-source and extensible

● XML-based messaging format
● Supports various messaging types, including instant messaging, file transfer, and
video conferencing
● Secure and reliable
● Widely supported by messaging clients and servers

Use Cases:
● Instant messaging and chat applications
● Real-time collaboration and communication
● Online gaming and social networking
● Remote support and troubleshooting
● Enterprise messaging and communication